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ta&;awmfyHk(4)apmifwGJ
1974 ar=ZGef tvkyform;ta&;awmfyHk
1974 'DZifbm OD;oef‹psmyeta&;awmfyHk
1975 ZGef a&$wd*Hkta&;awmfyHk
1976 rwf r+dif;&mjynfhta&;awmfyHk
rmwdum
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ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
1974 ar-ZGef
tvkyform;ta&;tcif;
&Jabmf0if;xdef
qifrvkdufoabFmusif;wkdufyGJ
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ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
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ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
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ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
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ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
aemufwae@
atmiftwdwf (pdwfynm)
1974 ZGef (7) &uf eHeufykdif; 4;20 avmufrSm qifrvkdufoabFmusif;ukd rqvppftpk;d &u ypfcwfacsr_ef;+yD;wJh
aemufykdif; eHeuf 6;00 em&DavmufrSmawmh toHrsm; wdwfqdwfoGm;ygawmhonf?
urm&Gwf/ vSnf;wef;/ =unfhjrifwdkif&yfuGufrsm;uawmh ykd+yD;wdwfqdwfaeayvdrhfrnf? usaemfwkd@aeaom 0dZ…m-ody`H
wuUokdvf0if;uawmh eJeJv_yfv_yf&G&Gav;jzpfaeao;onf? tvkyform;oydwf&J@ aemufqkH;cHwyfjzpfaom Tqifrvkduf
oabFmusif;twGif;u aoewfoHrsm;a=umifhyif?
usaemfwkd@aeaom '*kHaqmif (vlaeaqmif) u teD;qkH;rkd@ twGJvkdufypfcwfoHawGa&m/ tjcm;aygufuGJoHyg =um;vkduf&
onf? taqmif&Sd ausmif;om;tm;vkH; pdwfaumif;=urnfr[kwfyg? '*kHaqmifESifhausmcsif;uyf a&$bkdaqmifvnf; =um;Edkif
ayrnf? oD&d/ rmvm (rdef;uav;aqmif) wkd@rSmvnf; =um;EdkifayvdrfhOD;rnf?
æ wuUokdvf0if;}uD;wckvkH; ajcmufuyfuyfEdkifvGef;onf[k usaemfxifrdonf?æ 'Dae@vnf; class &Sdao;onf? wufzkd@
pdwfr0ifpm;=u?
onfvkdeJ@yJ/ twef;wufjzpfovkdvkd/ rwufjzpfovkdvkd &ifxJuawmh wckckcHpm;ae&onf? wm0efa=uovkdvkd/ ra=u
ovkdvkd? ,ckvkd tvkyform;rsm;tm; ypfcwfESdrfESif;jcif;cH&wmawGu rdrdwkd@wuUokdvfu ausmif;om;/ ausmif;olawGeJ@
rqkdifava&mhovm;?æ rywfoufa&mhovm;?æ rdrdwkd@e,fuwufaom ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf udpPr&Sd? tJh'D qifrvkduf
oabFmusif;bufrSmaewJh ausmif;om;awG&@J rdbaqGrsKd;awGa&m rygEdkifawmhbl;vm;?æ olwkd@ygae&ifaumæ 'kd@u 'Dtwkdif;
=unfhae&awmhrSmvm;/æ vm;/æ vm;? wckckawmh wkH@jyefoifhwmaygh?æ rdrduawG;&if; &mrnpmoifaqmifbufukd
xGufvmcJhonf?
zDvkdqkdzD 401 oifcef;pmu eHeufykdif;? A[kdEdkifiHa&;wuUokdvfu rdrdwkd@ 0dZ…m-ody`HwuUokdvfrSm RL wuf&if; rdrdwdk@ukd
qkd&S,fvpfoabmw&m;rsm;/ orkdif;a=umif;tcsKd@ukdykd@csaeaom q&mOD;wifv_dif (v,fwGif;om;apmcspf) ukd ar;vkdufcsif
onfh pdwf0ifvmonf? “q&mwkd@&J@ rqvvrf;pOfeJ@pepfrSm 'Dvkdtvkyform;udpPawGukd 'DvkdyJ ajz&Sif;wwfovm;vkd@?”
jzwfvmcJhwJh pmoifcef;awGu ajcmufuyfuyfESifh? aumf&pf'ga'gifhrSm&SdaewwfwJh/ awG@aeustwGJav;awGawmif
rsufESmxm;wnfwnfav;awG jzpfae=uonf? wckckawmh xyf+yD;jzpfOD;rnf xif=uonf? ausmif;rydwfv#ifawmh aocsmyg+yD
[k xyfawG;rdonf? e,fuausmif;vmwufonfh rdrdwkd@vkdausmif;om;awG ukd,fhòrd@e,f/ udk,fh&Gmukdjyefa&muf&ifawmh
'Dta=umif;awG ajymjzpfOD;rnfxifygonf? eHeufzefvnf; bmjzpfOD;rnfrod?
tJh'Dae@ nbuf 9;30 ausmfausmfavmufrSm?
urm&Gwf*wfbufut0if OD;cspfvufzuf&nfqkdifem;a&mufawmh ausmif;om;wpku cGyfa'gif;tvHxkwf+yD; atmfvm
=uonf? “'kd@ausmif;om;awG 'DvkdyJ=unfhae=uawmhrSmvm;? tvkyform;awGeJ@ yl;aygif;=ur,f?” “rif;wkd@ taqmifawGu
qif;cJh=uyg?” “rif;wkd@ a=umufae+yDvm;” qkdwJh toHawGxGufvmw,f? atmf+yD;ajym=uw,f? pkpkaygif;ausmif;om;t&G,f
(30) avmuf&Sdrnfxifygonf? usaemfwkd@u zkdife,f&D;,m; aemufqkH;ESpform;awGrkd@ tay:qkH;xyfu atmufukdikH@=unfh
aerdygonf? atmufxyfokd@qif;vmawmh avScg;xdyfrSm&yfae=uwJh q&mawG awG@ygonf? q&mrsm;. rsufESmrSmawmh pkd;&drf
onfht&dyfuav;rsm; awG@ae&onf? ukd,f&Sdefowfvkdufonf? atmufqkH;avSum;ukd iHk@=unfhvkdufawmh napmifh
ukdwif=unfu atmufqkH;avScg;xpfeJ@uG,f+yD;&yfaeonf? taqmif0wHcg;}uD;ukdawmh aomhcwfxm;vkduf+yDjzpfygonf?
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ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
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ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
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ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
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ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
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ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
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ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
“[mæ rif;wdk@vnf;odom;yJ?”
(74) 'DZifbmrS &Jabmfrsm;udkOD;!Gwfv#uf
armifarmifwdwf (ABSDF)
OD;oef@ta&;tcif;
pufr_wuUodkvfpdk;0if;
ukvor*~twGif;a&;rª;csKyfa[mif; OD;oef@onf 1974 ckESpf/ Edk0bFmv 25 &ufae@ tar&duefEdkifiH e,l;a,mufòrd@wGif
uG,fvGefcJhygonf? urBm@ukvor*~tzGJ@}uD;onf OD;oef@.±kyfuvmyfudk }uD;us,fcrf;em;pGm urBm@ukvor*~tzGJ@0ifEdkifiH
aygif;pHkrS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh aemufqHk;*g0&ðyvkyfI OD;oef@.rdom;pkqENt& rdcifwdkif;jynf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif OD;oef@
±kyfuvmyfudkoò*õvf&ef tpDpOfrsm;udk ðyvkyfygonf?
OD;oef@uG,fvGefa}umif; odvdkuf&wJhtwGuf rsKd;cspfpdwf&SdwJh jrefrmwrsKd;om;vHk; ,lusHK;r& 0rf;enf;a}uuGJjcif; jzpf}u
ygonf? urBmhtv,frSm jrefrmh*k%fudkaqmifcJhwJhOD;oef@/ tm&Swkdufom;OD;oef@onf urBm.t}uD;rm;qHk;aom wm0ef
0wW&m;&Sdonfh ukvor*~twGif;a&;rª;csKyf&mxl;udk ausyGefpGmxrf;aqmifcJhonfh jrefrmwOD;jzpfygonf?
xdktcsdefu usaemfonf &efukefpufr_wuUodkvf aemufqHk;ESpfausmif;om;/ tif*sifeD,mbJG@ESifh vufwurf;tvdk
aemufqHk;ESpf0ufwGif a&muf&Sdaeygonf? rSm;wJhae&mESifh rSm;wJhtcsdefrSm usaemf a&muf&Sdaeonf[k qdk&ayrnf?
1974 ckESpf 'DZifbmv (1) &ufae@ OD;oef@±kyfuvmyf jrefrmEdkifiHodk@ a&muf&Sdvmygonf? ae0if;ppftpdk;&onf
+yD;pvG,foabmjzifh OD;oef@±kyfuvmyfudk jrif;òydifuGif;a[mif; usKduUqHuGif;wae&mwGif r¾yfi,fwckomaqmufay;+yD;
}uufajceDtoif;0ifvli,frsm;ESifhom tapmihfcsxm;ygonf? 'DZifbmv 5 &ufae@/ ae@vnf (1) em&DwGif }uHawmoif;csKdif;
odk@ ydk@aqmifoò*õvfrnf[k jynfolvlxkudk a=unmcJhygonf?
EdkifiHawmfpsmyetjzpf wcrf;wem; *k%fðyoò*õvfvdrfhrnf[k ,lqaeonfh jynfolvlxkonf ae0if;ppftpdk;&.
vspfvsL&_jcif;/ OD;oef@.*k%foduQmudkrSraxmuf/ vkyf&ufavjcif;&,fvdk@ jynfol}um;0,f wqifhpum; jyef@ES@Hvdk@ rauseyf/
0rf;enf;a'gorsm; aygufuJGapcJhygonf?
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ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
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ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
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ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
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ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
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ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
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ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
&ifaoG;i,fwdkif; ,Ofaus;vdrRm&rnf
&ifaoG;i,fwdk@urBm +idrf;at;om,m&rnf
&ifaoG;wdk@acwf qef;opfa0qm&rnf
ÚÚÚ a'gufwmrif;wifrGef ÚÚÚ
¡arv(20)2002¢
aemful;r.trSwfw&
aX;aX;0if; (74)
5/12/74 &ufae@n pm=unfhpm;yGJay:rSm pmudkpdwfr0ifpm;bJ zwfaecsdef n (8) em&D jrefrmhtoHowif;udk em;axmif
aeaom arar.tpfudk zsmyHkòrd@e,ftrwf (zqyv) Adkvfbwifhu ae0if;uawmhvkyfcsvdkufjyef+yD ajymawmh usru
bmjzpfvdk@vJ bb ar;wJhtcg OD;oef@udk ol@rdef;ra':cifaroef;&J@ *lajc&if;rSm ay;vdkufw,f/ OD;oef@vdkvlrsKd;udkawmh 'Dvdk
vkyfzdk@raumif;bl;vdk@ajymw,f?
usru bmrSrodao;wJh t-x-u (4) wmarGu (7) wef;ausmif;olqdkawmh OD;oef@qdkwmb,folvJ vdk@ar;vdkuf
w,f? OD;oef@[m (UN) rSmwwd,urBmppf}uD;rjzpfatmif olpGrf;aqmifcJhvdk@ urBm@EdkifiHtoD;oD;u odyfawmfwJhOD;oef@
b,fuvJ ar;awmhrS OD;oef@[mArm/ Arm[mb,frSmvJqkdrS jrefrmjynfajryHkav;udk urBmuodatmif trsKd;*k%f
aqmifwJhOD;oef@udk xdkufwefwJhAdrmefwckawmh vkyfay;oifhw,fvdk@ bbuajymawmh usrwdk@jrefrmvlrsKd;xJrSm 'Davmuf
awmfwJhvludk wtm;*k%fðycsifwJhpdwfawG &&SdcJhw,f? 'ghtjyif ae0if;[m ocifEkqDutm%mudk rw&m; 1962 up+yD;
odrf;ydkufcJhvdk@ ae0if;udkt&rf;rkef;cJhw,f? oltkyfcsKyfwJhtcsdefup+yD; ausmif;om;or*~taqmuftOD;udkzsufqD; jrefrmvlrsKd;
jrefrmausmif;om;rsm;udk zsufqD;owfjzwfcJhwm vlwdkif;todygyJ?
AdkvfcsKyfaoqHk;oGm;jcif;[m jrefrmvlrsKd;awG@&J@b0 aoqHk;oGm;ovdk jzpfcsif&mawGjzpfysufukefw,fqdk+yD; bbu
usrudk tjrJwrf; em;oGif;cJhw,f?usrtouft&G,feJ@ 'gawGodvm&jcif;[m usrbba=umifhyJjzpfygw,f?
aemufwae@reuf ausmif;oGm;r,fqdk+yD; oli,fcsif;cifoufrmeJ@ESpfa,muf OD;oef@psmye&Sd&m wuUodkvfausmif;0if;
twGif;udk vrf;av#muf+yD;vmcJh&m "rRm&Hka&S@ vSnf;wef;rD;yGdKifhxdyfudk a&mufvmcJhawmh nae 3;30 &Sdae+yD? vltkyfudkawG@+yD;
oli,fcsif;u olrvdkufawmhbl;qdkwmeJ@ usr[m bGJ@ESif;obifcef;ra&S@udk a&muf&SdoGm;+yD; txJrSm OD;oef@&J@tacgif;ay:
+idrf;csrf;a&;tvHtkyf+yD; pifjrifhay:wifxm;wm usrawG@vdkuf&w,f?
&[ef;&Sifvl ausmif;om;vlxkawG tvkyfrsm;ae=uw,f? usru ausmif;om;tpfudkwa,mufudkoGm;+yD; usr txu
(4) wmarGu (7) wef;ausmif;olyg? OD;oef@psmyejzpfajrmufa&;twGuf yg0ifcsifvdk@ygoGm;ajymawmh/ oluusrudk uav;r
av; bmawGvmajymaewmvJ qdkwJhyHkpHeJ@ pdwf0ifwpm;ac:r,fholr&Sdwma=umifh usr tayguf0 jyefxGufvmwJhtcgrSm
tayguf0pifjrifhay:rSm bkef;}uD;wyg;w&m;a[m+yD;qif;tvm usrupifjrifhay:wuf+yD; usr[m (7) wef;ausmif;ol
wa,mufjzpfa=umif;/ OD;oef@vdkyk*~dKvfwa,muf[m *k%fðyxdkufolwa,mufjzpfa=umif;/ ae0if;[m ol@xufomvdk@ remvdk
jzpf+yD; ae&mray;a=umif; pwmawGvdk usrodwmawGudk w&m;a[majymwJhtcgrSm vlxku awmfawmfav; oabmusyg
w,f? tJ'geJ@ usr[m t0wfwxnfudk,fwckeJ@ ausmif;0if;xJrSmae+yD; ae0if;tpdk;&raumif;a=umif;w&m;udk &ufquf
a[maewm (10) &ufae@rSm arareJ@tpfrawGu usrwdk@udk zrf;awmhr,fqdkwmodvdk@ vmac:w,f? *dwfrSmwm0efuswJh
tpfudkwa,mufu aX;aX;/ eifhtareJ@tpfrvdk@ajymw,f/ oGm;awG@rvm;vdk@ vmac:w,f? usru tarr&Sd/ tpfrr&Sd/
bbeJ@yJaewm/ 'g axmufvSrf;a&;uvdrf+yD; ac:cdkif;wmjzpfr,fvdk@ vdrfvdkufw,f? rdcifeJ@tpfrudkapmfum;vdkufvdk@ usr
tJ'DnrSmyJtzrf;cHcJh&ygw,f?
OD;oef@*lab;rSm0dkif;+yD; usrwdk@ausmif;om;rsm;[m rsuf&nf,dkAHk;'%fa=umifh ar@vJoGm;cJhw,f? owd&wJhtcsdefrSm
wef;pD+yD; um;ay:wufzdk@ apmifhae&ygw,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSm *ludk u&def;eJ@qGJwifaewm awG@&ygw,f? reuf (5;50) em&DrSm
tif;pdefaxmifudk a&muf&SdcJhygw,f?
usrwdk@eJ@b0wl ausmif;om;§ol/ jynfol aps;a&mif;olutp trsKd;orD; (167) a,muf tzrf;cHcJh&w,f? (12) &uf
ae@reuf (9) em&DavmufrSm axmifydkifeJ@ppfaxmufvSrf;a&; (4-5) OD;cef@u ausmif;olawGxGufcJhvdk@ajymawmh usr tcef;
xJuaexcsdefrSm twlwlvkyfcJhwJh pkpkrm idkw,f? ola=umufw,fwJh? usrudkrxGufygeJ@wJh? usru vkyf&Jw,f cH&Jw,f?
xGufr,fqdk+yD; xGufcJhawmh ausmif;ol (7) a,mufavmuf&Sdr,f/ usrwkd@xGufwJhvlawGxJrSm axmufvSrf;a&;wa,mufu
eifwdk@xJrSm aemful;rqdkwm b,folvJ vdk@ar;wJhtcg usrux+yD; usryJvdk@ajymvdkufawmh aemufuae ajcaxmufudk
jzwf&dkufvdkufwm a&S@udkvJusawmh rsufESmudkapmifeJ@tkyf+yD; ppfa=uma&;&Hk;cef;xJrmS yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;eJ@ tppfaq;cHcJh&ygw,f?
axmifqdkwm edAŠmefr[kwfrSef;odayrJh usrvHk;0ra=umufcJhygbl;? tpuxJu olwdk@awmfvSef&if 'Dvdkjzpfr,fqdkwm
usr&J@bbu erlem&Sd+yD;om;yJ/ ra=umufvdk@vkyfcJhwJhtwGuf aoonfhtxd usraemifwr&bl;?
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ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
wcgwkef;utpav;wp
apm{&mvd_if
»»»»OD;oef@psmyeaumfrDwD rEWav;aqmif»»»»
OD;oef@psmyeaumfrDwD rEWav;aqmifu bmawGvkyfovJ? *dwfayguft0ifxGufapmifh=uyfw,f? psmyeulaiGtvªaiG
aumufw,f? pm&if;eJ@ðypkodrf;qnf;w,f? ausmif;om;or*~taqmuftOD;a[mif;ae&m uGufvyfuGif;jyifrSm OD;oef@
twGuf *laqmufw,f? owif;eJ@jyef=um;a&;vkyfw,f? yef;csDtEkynm&SiftzGJ@eJ@aygif;+yD; ydkpwm eH&Huyfpmwifw,f? pmay
yef;csDvGwfvyfr_udk wEdkifwydkifazmfxkwfjyow,f? psmyewckvHk;eJ@oufqdkifwJh udpPa&;&mawGrSm psmyeA[dkaumfrDwDeJ@
n‡dE_dif;yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifw,f? vGwfvyfpGmpmaya[majym aqG;aEG;vdkolawGtwGuf pifjrifhwcsKd@vkyfay;w,f? »»»»
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taqmif*dwfaygufem;udk a&mufESifh+yD;om; vltkyf&J@tm;u renf;bl;? yk&GufqdwfawGusaewmyJ? 'gawmif pdwfrcs
Edkifvdk@? aemufrSm xyfrHcsOf;uyfvmaeqJ udk,fpm;vS,fawGvnf; }udwf}udwfwdk;ygyJ? olwdk@ua'gow}uD;eJ@ oHwHcg;rudk
qkyfudkifwGef;xdk; v_yf,rf;vm=uw,f? oHwHcg;}uD;vnf; ewf=urf;0ifyl;cH&ovdk oGufoGufcgatmif ,drf;xdk;v_yf&Sm;aew,f?
w0kef;0kef;wc|ifc|ifeJ@ toHawGxGufay:aew,f? 'DyHktwkdif;om aomif;usef;ae&ifawmh r=umrD wHcg;wdkifawG
oHabmifoHwef;eJ@oHywWmawG usK;d yJh+yD;ðywfxGufukefawmhrSm?
tom;jzLjzL yg0grsufrSefeJ@ *dwfwm0efusyk*~dKvfapmxGef;[m aoG;at;at;ZGJaumif;aumif;eJ@ aumfrDwD&J@qHk;jzwfcsufudk
&yfcH&Sif;jyaeqJjzpfw,f? tpdk;&eJ@ausmif;om; oabmwlnDcsuf[m owif;pm/ a&'D,dkawGuwqifh urBmoda=unmxm;wJh
tpDtpOfjzpfvdk@ tm;vHk;rSmwm0ef&Sdw,f? 'ga=umifh vG,fvG,feJ@rzsufoifha=umif;/ a=unmxm;wJhtpDtpOftwdkif;yJ quf
oGm;=uzdk@ txyfxyfarwWm&yfcH ajzmif;zsaewm q,frdepfcef@&SdoGm;+yD;rdk@/ tcsdefvifhwmeJ@tr# wif;rmr_u ydk}uD;xGm;vm
wmyJ tzwfwifaeawmhw,f? vlxkwkH@jyefcsufawGxJu usaemf=um;rdoavmuf atmufygtwdkif;jzpfw,f?
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ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
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usKyfwdk@u ðywfrEl;bGJ@ay;xm;wJh/ tjiif;tcHkvkyfwJhae&mrSm tay;t,laphpyf aps;qpfwJhae&mrSm aysmhaysmheJ@ tvGef
acgif;rmwJh/ awmf±Hkwef±Hktav#mhray;wwfwJh apmxGef;wa,muf 'DwcsDawmh ol@bufup+yD; vufajr‡muf&rJhudef; qdkufacs
+yD?
ol[m aemufbufudktenf;i,fqkwf+yD; oltcsDtcspum;ajymaecJhwJh vltkypf keJ@ cGgaevdkufw,f? ckeav;wifu
“tcsdefeJ@'Da&[m vludkrapmifhbl;vdk@” owday;ajym=um;vdkufwJhvl[m ol@b0wav#mufrSm pHxm;+yD;cef@nm;av;pm;cJh&wJh
0g&ifhausmif;q&m}uD;wa,muf&J@toHeJ@ awmfawmfav;udkqifaew,fvdk@ aemif oljyefajymjycJhw,f?
ol@rSm emcHcsifpdwfav; enf;enf;0ifvmw,fxifyg&J@? vHkcsnfudkwdkwdkjyef0wfvdkuf+yD; rEWav;aqmifatmufxyf qif0if
wHcg;rqD ajy;xGufoGm;w,f? tJh'DrSm oHbm*smwHcg;uvnf; vlwudk,f0ifEdkifavmufatmif [xm;v#uf tqifoifh
jzpfaeqdkawmh av#mav#mv#Lv#LeJ@ oltxJudk a&mufoGm;awmhw,f? ajrnDxyf&J@ tv,favSum;twdkif; ol cyfoGufoGuf
wufoGm;vdkufw,f?
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atmufutajctaeawGudk wcsdefvHk;tuJcwfaew,f? txl;ojzifh t0if0*dwfrSm tajctwiftcsDtcs ajymae=uwm
awGudkjzpfw,f? ol@vl[m tjyifuy&dowfx&k J@ udk,fpm;vS,ftopfawGudk oHwHcg;em;rSm vufajr‡muft±_H;ay;vdkuf&+yD qdk
wmeJ@ tv,fxyfrSm&Sdor# aumfrDwD0ifqDudk owif;ydk@wyfvSef@ xm;vdkufEdkifw,f?
avSum;xpfawGudkiHk@=unfh&if; ajcoHwjzwfjzwfay; csDwufvmwJh a&S›wef;*dwfrª;}uD; avSum;xpftqHk;udka&mufwmeJ@
acgif;udkarmhvdkufw,f?
avSum;cHkxdyfrSm udkarmifwdwfeJ@ aumfrDwD0iftawmfrsm;rsm; tqifoifh ol@udk&yfapmifhaewm awG@vdkuf&ifyJ tHh=o
jcif;eJ@twl òyH;jyvdkufw,f? oabmuawmh 'DaumifawG odyrf vG,fbl;uG? igawmhwyfacgufvm&+yD qdkwJht"dy`g,faygh?
udkarmifarmifwdwfuyJp+yD; “uJ... udkxGef;/ aemufqHk;tajctaeudk cifAsm; b,fvdktuJjzwfrvJ? 'g vlxkqEN tppf
trSefyJ? tifr[kwfbl;? tcsdefodyfr&bl;? jrefjrefvkyf/ *dwf0uoHwHcg; yGifhxGufoGm;&if 'dk@ tr_ef@jzpfoGm;Edkifw,f?” =uufoD;
zsef;zsef;xoGm;rdw,f? “'gyJ? igawmh aeaeusae&mrSmyJ jyef+yD;apmifhxm;vdkuftHk;r,f?” ajymajymqdkqdk oljyefqif;oGm;
w,f?
rEWav;aqmifaumfrDwD0if tm;vHk;rpHkayrJh &SdwJhvltrsm;pku apmxGef;wifjycsufudk tºuGif;rJhvufcHvdkuf=uw,f?
vkyfoifhwmudkqufvkyfzdk@ jyifvdkuf=uw,f?
OD;pGm OD;oef@&J@orD;/ om;ruf/tpfudkrsm;jzpfwJh OD;cef@/ qpNeDcef@/ at;at;oef@/ a'gufwmwifjrifhOD;eJ@ tjcm;rdwfaqG
rsm;tygt0if {nfhonfawGudk vl&Sif;wJh*dwfaygufwckuae ab;uif;vHkòcHpGm tdrfjyefoGm;Edkifzdk@ vHkòcHa&;udkifwJh vli,fawGeJ@
tyfay;vdkufw,f? ausmif;om;}uD;wa,mufudkyg OD;pD;zdk@ xnfhv$wfvdkufw,f? rdepftenf;i,ftwGif;rSm ,if;udpP +yD;jywf
oGm;w,f?
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y&dowfbufudkvSnfhxm;wJh "mwfpufatmfvHqDu uGDueJ@u|DueJ@jrnfoH pl;pl;&S&Say:vm&ifyJ atmufuapmifhaewJh
vltkyfqDu a[;ueJ nmoHay;vdkuf=uw,f? pum;ajymzdk@jyifqifwJhtaeeJ@ "mwfpuftrfyvDzdkif,m (Amplifier)
cvkwfudkzGifhvdkufvdk@ ay:vmwJhtoHyJ r[kwfygvm;? 'D&ufydkif;rsm;twGif;rSm 'Da&S@ajy;toHeJ@twl a=unmcsufawG/ owd
ay;csufawG c%c%xkwfjyefaewmrdk@ 'Dtxmudk y&dowfu aemausatmifoabmaygufaeyg+yD?
cyfoGufoGufyJ udkarmifarmifwdwfwa,muf tvkyfpygawmhw,f? rdkufc±dkzkef;pum;ajymcGufudk olaumufudkifvdkuf
w,f? +yD;awmh usaemf&Sd&mbufudk vufqef@wef;+yD; xdk;ay;vdkufw,f? yg;pyfuvJ rif;ajymawmh... wJ.h ..
wDaumifqm;twdk@cH&ovdk usKyfvnf;qwfueJ wGef@oGm;rdw,f? acgif;cg+yD; csufcsif;yJ “rif;ajymvdkuf/ igvnfacsmif;
em+yD; toH0ifaew,f? toHjym}uD;eJ@ rajymcsifbl;” vdk@jiif;vdkufw,f? rif;&J@txm igaygufygw,f qdkwJhoabmeJ@ usKyfudk
- 26 -
ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
- 27 -
ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
uvif... uvif/ uvif... uvif/ qwfueJ acgif;axmif=unfhvdkufw,f? atmfæ 'g rEWav;aqmif&J@ tcef;xJrSmrS
r[kwfbJ? rJaqmufwdkufcef;av; wcef;xJrSmygvm;? c&D;óuH/ vrf;óuH/ usD;vef@pmpm;/ acwWwnf;cdkae&wJhigygvm;? tif;...
zkef;uawmh rudkifrcsif; qufatmfaer,fhyHkyJ? “[Jvdk... trdef@&Sdyg? usaemfapmvSaiGyg? bmudpP&SdygovJ?” “[Jvdk... usr
aX;aX;0if; (74) av tpfudk? toHrrSwfrdbl;vm;?” “atmf... rdaemfvm;? uJ... ajym ajym/ tpfudkem;axmifaew,f?”
“'Dvdk tpfudk&J@... ? ESpfywfvnf&ufeD;vm+yDav? tpfudk@qDupmrlawG tqifoifhjzpf+yDvm;? tJh'g vSrf;owday;wm? tpfudk
u c%c%arhwwfw,fqdkvdk@av?”
“aus;Zl;yJ aX;aX;a&? tpfudkvnf; pma&;aeusr[kwfawmhbl;? a&;+yD;jyefzwf/ róuduf&ifqkwf+zJeJ@ wcgrSr+yD;Edkif
awmhbl;? bmyJjzpfjzpf w&ufESpf&uftwGif; tpfudkt+yD;owfEdkifrSmyg? aus;Zl;yJaemf? +yD;wmeJ@ udkat;atmifqD tjrefqHk;
ydk@ay;vdkufr,f... bdkif... bdki.f .. ?”
apm{&mvd_if
OD;oef@ta&;tcif; “rdrdukd,fawG@jzpfpOf”
udk'D
tv,fwef;ausmif;om;b0a&mufawmh ynma&;ta=umif;/ ausmif;om;wa,muf&J@ b0&nfrSef;csuf[m bmvJqkd
wmawGudk tawmftoifh odvmcJh&ygw,f? txufwef;ausmif;om;b0 a&mufvmawmh ausmif;om;b0EdkifiHa&;tod
rdbrsm;&J@ awmfvSefa&;tawG@tñuHrsm;vnf; odcJh&awmh a&S@qufoGm;&rnfh rdrdtem*gwfb0 ar#mfrSef;csufrsm;vnf; &SdcJhyg
w,f?
usaemfhrdbrsm; uGefjrLepfygwDrSm wm0efxrf;aqmif&if; yJcl;¶kd;r anmifav;yifc¶kdif aus;awmpk&GmrSm usaemfeJ@ usaemfh
tukdukd arG;cJhw,fvkd@ tar&J@ajymjycsuft& odcJh&ygw,f? taz&@Jtaygif;toif;rdwfaqGrsm; tdrfukdvmvnfwkdif; olwkd@
ajymjy=uwJhpum;awG/ tazh&J@'kdif,m&DawG zwfcJhrdwJhtod[m usaemfh&J@ txufwef;ausmif;om;b0rSm wuUokdvfa&muf
+yD; bGJ@wckck&atmif óud;pm;r,f? bJGJ@&+yD;&if bmvkyfr,fqkdwmawG usaemfhtawG;xJrSm trsm;}uD;&SdcJhygw,f?
usaemfhtaz&J@ ajymaeuspum;wcGef; em;xJrSmpGJaew,f? a,musfm;yDowJh vlwa,muf[m æ
(1) bGJ@wck&&r,f/
(2) &[ef;wufzl;&r,f/
(3) axmifuszl;&r,f/
vdk@ajymcJhw,f? eHygwf (1) eJ@ (2) ukdawmh tawG;xJrSm &Sif;w,f? (3) tcsufukdawmh pOf;pm;p&mawGtrsm;}uD;eJ@ tawG;
rsm;cJh&w,f?
tazuusaemfhukd ajymcJhwJh t"dutcsuf&Sdao;w,f? rif; 0dZ…mbJG@,l&r,f? (LLB) bGJ@ukdajymwmyg? tazh&nf&G,f
csufu usaemfhukd EdkifiHa&;vkdif;bufukd v_yf&Sm;apcsifw,fvkd@ xifygw,f? uHtm;avsmfpGmyJ usaemfwkd@acwfrSm (8) wef;
tpdk;&ppf yxrOD;qkH;ESpfrSmyJ 0dZ…meJ@atmifcJhygw,f?
wuUokdvfa&mufcsifaZmeJ@ pmóud;pm;cJhygw,f? usaemfwkd@&Gmbk&m;ysKdrS a0gòrd@ukd ajcvsif (45) rdepf/ tazmfrsm;eJ@ (8)
wef;atmiftxd wufcJhygw,f? (8) wef;atmif+yD; (9) wef; (10) wef;ukd a0gòrd@txueJ@ yJcl;trSwf (4) 0dZ…mausmif;rSm
wufcJhw,f? usaemf wuUokdvfra&mufjzpfcJhwJhta=umif; jzpfvmcJhygawmhw,f?
usaemfhyifukd,fADZ r[kwf&ifrcHcsifwJhpdwf taygif;toif;rsm;twGufqkd&if tjrJwrf; acgif;ra&SmifcsifwJhpdwf&SdwJhusaemf
yJcl;trSwf (3) ody`Hausmif; ESpf (50) ajrmufa&$&wkobif nwnrSm usaemf yJcl;qHawmfwGif;&yfuGufae+yD; yGJoGm;=unfh
cJhw,f? tJh'DnrSmyJ trSwf (4) ausmif;rSoli,fcsif;rsm;eJ@ vrf;o&Jrsm; ¶kduf=uygw,f?
vdyfjymuefa'gifh/ jr0wDykHESdyfwkdufem;rSm n (11) cGJcef@rSm usaemfvnf;ygoGm;+yD; &efjzpf=uygw,f? usaemfwkd@vlenf;vkd@
ajy;cJh&w,f? trSwf (4) ausmif;a&mufawmh vlpk+yD; aemufae@tpDtpOfqGJjzpfw,f? aemufae@ ausmif;wufcgeD; nu
&efjzpfwJhxJygwJh tjcm;tkyfpkrS trSwf (5) eJ@ (6) ausmif;rS (2) a,muf usaemfwkd@ausmif;a&S@ pufbD;eJ@tvm
usaemfeJ@pHodef; (abmvkH;orm;) (2) a,muf ausmif;a&S@rSmxGuf+yD;¶kdufvkd@ twGif;vlemtjzpf aq;¶kHwifvkduf&+yD;/ usaemf
wkd@ (2) a,muf ausmif;xkwfcHvkduf&ygw,f?
a&mufcsifvSwJh wuUokdvfeJ@vnf; a0;cJh&ygw,f? (2) }udrf tjyifrSajzawmhvnf; pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;xJa&mufaeawm
(10) wef;ratmifcJhyg?
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ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
- 31 -
ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
- 32 -
ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
wa&mifxJtm;
apm{&mvd_if
“'DrSm... oli,fcsif;... rif;vkyfyHku 'dk@tay: rif; wrifoufouf vlyg;0vdkufovdkyJ? 'Davmufta&;}uD;wJh owif;awG
udk ukd,fwdkifudk,fus 'dk@rzwf&bJ rif;jyefajymjyoavmufyJ od& vufcH&r,fqdkwm w&m;enf;vrf;usrus rif;[mrif; jyef
pOf;pm;=unfhygtHk;...”
a'garmeJ@pum;ajymaeol&J@ 'D*&DrsufrSef[m jzmusaewJh rD;acsmif;tvif;a&mifa=umifh ol@acgif; tv_yftvSJ@jzpfwdkif;rSm
jzwfueJ0if;ueJ ta&mifjyufaew,f? wu,fqdk&if ol@rsufvHk;xJu a'gorD; xGufcsifvnf;xGufvmEdkifwmyJ? xGufoifh
w,fvdk@vnf; usaemfxifygw,fav?
udk,fh0rf;emudk,fomod vdk@yJajymvkduf&rvm;? udk,fhta=umif;eJ@udk,frdk@ raumif;omwmyJvm;rod/ usaemf bmrSjyef
rajym/ apm'uwufraeawmh? pmtkyfyHk=um;rSm oufawmifhoufom usaemfvSJavsmif;aerdwJh taetxm;twdkif;
quf+idrfaevdkufw,f? usaemfhrsufcGHawG ydkav;vmovdk ol@pum;oHawGvnf; usaemfem;xJrSm AvHk;AaxG;jzpf+yD; wjznf;
jznf;wdk;n‡if;vmw,f? 'Daemuf usaemftdyfaysmfoGm;cJhw,f? olb,ftcsdefjyefoGm;ovJ/ bmawGajymao;ovJ usaemfrod?
·6-12-1974 wuUodkvfbGJ@ESif;obifcef;ra&S›
a':vma':nm-bkef;}uD;eJ@ OD;ae0if;ZeD;a':cifaroef;udk tm;&yg;&uavmfwkwfaewJh tm*rav;wa,muf yxr
n&J@a[majymyGJudk yGJpvdkuf+yD; arSmif&DysdK;wmeJ@ wuUodkvf0if;xJudk w&m;emy&dowfawG wzGJzGJ0ifvmrpJjzpfaew,f?
nOfheufvmav tat;uydkvmav? tr_dufawG/ 'kwfwdk'kwfpawG/ opfudkif;ajcmufopf&GufajcmufawG/ udk,feJ@vufwurf;
rDS&mrSqGJpk+yD; rD;yHkao;ao;av;awGzdk=uw,f? vufzsm;ajczsm;awG taiG@"mwf&atmif rD;uifae=uwmvnf; wcsKd@tzGJ@
awGusawmh wa,mufeJ@wa,muf wdk;a0S›yl;uyfxkdif=u&if; tat;"mwfudk tHwkqef@usifae=uw,f? ajyma[maeolawG&J@
ydkifEdkifu|rf;usifr_eJ@ csufusvufusjzpfr_tay: rlwnf+yD; wa0ga0gyGJus&,farmoH/ vufckyfoHwajzmif;ajzmif;eJ@ =obmay;oH
awGudkvnf; jywfawmif;jywfawmif;=um;Edkifw,f ...
bGJ@ESif;obifw0dkuf t"dywdvrf;r&J@ wzufwcsuf wcsKd@ae&mawG[m yef;òcHawGeJ@ uHhaumfyif&dyf rdk;aewma=umifh
arSmif&dyfcdkvdk@aumif;wJhae&m acsmifuswJhae&mav;awG jzpfaew,f? tJh'Dae&mawGrSmvnf; v_yfv_yf&G&G ol@y&dowftkyfpkeJ@
ol ae&m,lxm;=uw,f?
odyfr=umygbl;? tJh'DarSmif&dyfawGqDrSm xdk;}udwf±dkufESufoH/ wGef;oH/ qGJoH/ ajy;v$m;oHawG =um;vdkuf&w,f?
a[majymyGJudktm±HkpdkufaewJh vltkyf}uD;eJ@ tvSrf;enf;enf;a0;wJhae&mrSm jzpfwJhtwGuf ±kwf±kwfoJoJ bmwpHkwckrSrjzpfbJ
+yD;oGm;w,f?
bmjzpfwmvJ... bmjzpfwmvJ... wa,mufeJ@wa,mufvdkufar;=u/ pyfpk=ujyefw,f? wcsKd@u ajracG;awG/ acG;tawG
vltkyfxJ0ifvma&maew,f/ owdxm;aemf? wcsKd@uvnf; bmrSrjzpfavmufygbl;/ jrLeDpy,fu acG;avacG;vGifhawG vdkuf
&Sif;xkwfaewmygwJh...
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ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
- 36 -
ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
- 37 -
ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
OD;oef@u|ef; [k *k%fðytrnfay;xm;aom
e,l;a,mufòrd@rS u|ef;uav;
odyfonf;qjcif; b,fwlyg@rvJ
armifvlysKd (rdom;pk0kdif;)
usaemf &efukefa&mufonfhESpf 1969-ckESpfupvdk@ cGyfa'gif;tvHukd jyefvnfpwif jrifvm&onfrSm r*Fvm}uD;wyg;[k
qdk&ygrnf? vrf;rawmf t-x-u (1) &efukef/ q,fwef;ausmif;om;b0a&mufrSyif cGyfa'gif;tvHudk pwifjrifzl;.? orD;
av;pdk@pdk@rSmawmh rlóudb0uyif zkef;armfta&;tcif;upvdk@ cGyfa'gif;tvHudk jrifzl;aeonf? uGmjcm;r_}uD;onfudk b0ESifh
csdefpuf+yD; cHpm;&ygonf?
u|ef;qG,ftm;upm;yGJ usif;yonfh ordkif;ausmif;0if;twGif;rS pwifay:xGufvmonfh ausmif;om;xk.v_yf&Sm;r_?
tJ'Dwkef;u udkatmifoef;/ udkausmfwifhwdk@ yg0ifcJhonfudkod&.? 1970-ckESpfwGif usaemf wuUodkvfodk@a&muf+yD? wuUodkvf
a&$&wkobifESifh yufyif;wdk;onf? armfvòrdifaumvdyfrS ausmif;om;v_yf&Sm;r_ pwifvdkuf+yDjzpfI usif;yqJa&$&wkudk
ydwfvdkuf.? ‚if;ae@nYyif usaemfwdk@xdkifaeus urm&Gwft0dkif;}uD;udk pzsufqD;vdkufonf? ausmif;ydwf tdrfjyefcdkif;onfh
enf;onf rqvtm%mydkifrsm;. vlpkcGJonfhenf;jzpfonf?
'kwd,ESpf/ wwd,ESpfumvrsm;? &cdkifausmif;om;wOD; "g;xdk;cH&r_ESifh v_dif*wfwJ0kdif;onfhta&;tcif;/ urm&Gwf*wfwJ
rD;±_d@onfhta&;tcif;rsm; ESpfckudk yGJOD;xGufqifEGJzl;ae.? udk,hfvufESifh udk,fwdkifudk,fus py,f&S,frD;±_d@vdkuf&onfh Oya'
ausmif;om;wOD;.t&omudk b,fbGJ@ESifhrSrvJEdkifyg? Oya'opfudk a&;qGJrnfhvufonf Oya'a[mif;udk rkcszsufqD;&rnf-
toJcdkufatmif ,kH=unf.?
Oya'ausmif;om; udkaemf&def;/ udkwifjrifhwdk@ tzrf;cH&+yD; axmifusoGm;.? w&Gmwnf;om; udkwifazvnf; axmifus
oGm;.? oli,fcsif;tpm; ig@udkzrf;v#if aumif;av&J‹vdk@ oli,fcsif;rsm;udk ajymjzpf.? udkwifaz axmifuxGufvmonfhtcg
rdom;pk0dkif; (awmifukwf-oHwGJ-*G) ynmoifaxmufyHha&;toif;rS axmufyHha=u;csD;jr‡ifhEdkifcJhI toif;udk,fpm;*k%f,lrd.?
*wfwJrD;±_d@+yD;aemuf 1974-ckESpfwGif ZGefv (6) &uftvkyform;oydwf}uD; ay:aygufvm.? wckckawmh vdktyfae+yD
qdkonfudk toJESvkH;rSodae.? atmifoH+cdrfh+cdrfh/ tusnf;wef˜ae-ponfh oli,fcsif;&Jabmfrsm;pkxkwfonfh uAsmpmtkyf
av;awG xGufae.? xdkpOfu pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfrSeH&Huyfpmapmif “vlr_pD;yGm;” rSm emrnf}uD;jzpfonf? usaemfwdk@XmecsKyf
u Oya'Xmeab;&Sd udkatmif&ifvBuf&nfqdkif? ukuUdK&GufaºuGawG/ usD;uef;csD;awG ckHay:rSm ±_yfyGayusHaeygap usaemfwdk@u
txdkifrysuf? xdkpOfu “rdk;&dyfav&dyf” (q&mpGrf;/ q&mrdk;wdk@yg0ifa&;om;)/ ±dk;r&dyfajc/ pufwifbmrD;awmuf/ atmufwdkbm
vrf;a=umif;/ "g;ajr‡mifeD ponfh taoG;tom;ESifh&if;+yD; a&;om;xm;onfh uAsmpmtkyfrsm; wzGJzGJxGufae.? pmayonf
awmfvSefa&;udk armif;wifaeonf? pmayorm;rsm;ESifh tu|rf;0ifcGifh&.? udkeD[def;/ udkxufjruf/ udk0if;wifhxGef;/
udkEdkif0if;aqG/ udkboif;/ udkausmf/ udkatmif/ rrvS? usaemfwdk@rSm aygufpav;rsm;omjzpf.? yef;qdk;wef;vrf;ab; ca&yif
awGatmufwGif udkboif;ESifh pmtkyfta&mif;xGuf.? wrl;wrwf ydkufqHav;rsm;&v#if udk=unfvbuf&nfqdkif ajy;=u&
onf? ,ckxd rsufpdxJurxGufEdkifao;? tpfudk}uD;rsm;udk vGrf;qGwfwordygonf? xdkumvrSmyif ZGef (6) tvkyform;
- 38 -
ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
jrwfEdk;zG,f&m &wemayrkd@...
&JxGËf
1974 'DZifbmv OD;oef@ta&;tcif;pjzpfawmh pD;yGm;a&;wuUokdvf 'kwd,ESpfpmoifcef;rsm;rSm usaemfwufaeqJjzpf
onf? ae@ausmif;om;rkd@ ql;avum;*dwfu trSwf (9) vif;av;um;}uD;rsm;ukd q,fhig;jym;ay;pD;u tif;vsm;uefapmif;ESifh
vrf;oG,fav;omjcm;onfh usaemfwkd@ausmif;a&SŒrSwfwkdifokd@ a&mufygonf? tJ'Dae@eHeufu rSwfrSwf&& trSwf (9) um;ay:
- 39 -
ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
rSef;csufeJ@ESrf;xGuf
ausmif;om;awG tHk»uaygufuGJawmhr,fqdkwmudk &dyfrdvmwJhppftpdk;&[m ^m%feD^m%feufawG xkwfygawmhw,f?
tJ'Dtcsdefu EdkifiHawmfaumifpDjzpfwJh a'gufwmvS[efeJ@ ynma&;0ef}uD; (a'guw f mnDnDvm;/ a'gufwmcifarmif0if;vm;
rrSwfrd) wdk@OD;pD;wJh rqvxdyfoD;wpk[m ausmif;awGvSnfh+yD; ausmif;om;awGeJ@ awG@qHkaqG;aEG;r,fqdk+yD; vkyfvmygw,f?
tJ'DvdkawG@qHkwJhtcgrSm ausmif;om;awG& J@ wifjycsufawG em;axmifr,f/ aemuf+yD; olwdk@u jyefvnf& Sif;vif; ajz=um;r,f
qdkwJhoabmaygh? wu,fu olwdk@arG;xm;wJh vrf;pOfvli,fawGeJ@ ô uwifvuf0g;± dkuf+yD; tay:,Ha=umudpPav;awG tenf;
tyg;wufajym/ olwdk@ujyefajz pojzifh vkyf=uzdk@jzpfygw,f? 'Denf;eJ@ ausmif;om;awG& J@ rauseyfcsufawGvnf; wpHkw&m
avsmhoGm;+yD; taxGaxGaygufuGJr_}uD;udk a&SmifEdkifvdrfhr,fvdk@ wGuf=u[efwlygw,f?
tJ'DvdkawG@qHkyGJvkyfzdk@ 1975 ZGefvqef;&ufw&ufrSm a'gufwmvS[efOD;pD;wJhtzGJ@[m &efukefpufr_wuUodkvfudk a&muf
vm=uygw,f? rmZ'gqD'ifum; 232 teufav;awGeJ@yg? olwdk@0ef}uD;awGtwGufyJ uef@owfwifoGif;+yD; pD;=uwm jzpfwJh
twGuf jynfolawGu 0ef}uD;um;vdk@yJ tac:rsm;=uygw,f? usaemfwdk@oli,fcsif;wpkuawmh vkyfyGJ}uD;yJ jzpfrSmyJqdk+yD;
pdwfr0ifpm;wmeJ@ ausmif;uJefwif;rSm oGm;xdkifae=uygw,f?
'gayrJh r=umcifrSmyJ ausmif;pnf;a0;cef;rbufu vufckyfvuf0g;wD; =obmay;oHawG wa0ga0gxGufvmwmudk
=um;&ygawmhw,f? 'gqdk& ifawmh wckckjzpfae+yDqdk+yD; usaemfwdk@vnf; pnf;a0;cef;rbufudk tjrefajy;wufoGm;=uygw,f?
pnf;a0;cef;xJrSm ausmif;om;awG jynfhv#Hae± Hkru/ tjyif0&efwmrSmyg rdk;wdk;rwfwwfeJ@ tHkzGJ@aewmudk awG@& ygw,f?
- 42 -
ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
wdkufyGJp+yD
naexrif;pm;+yD;wmeJ@ usaemfwdk@vnf; ordkif;0if;udk tjrefxGufcJh=uygw,f? 'gayrJh usaemfwdk@a&mufoGm;awmh
ausmif;om;awG r&Sd=uawmhygbl;? &efukefwuUodkvf bGJ@EiS f;obifcef;rudk csDwufoGm;=u+yD qdkwJhtwGuf tJ'Dudk
qufvdkuf=uygw,f? bGJ@ESif;obifcef;rrSmawmh oydwfpcef; zGifhxm;+yDjzpfwmudk awG@& ygw,f? cGyfa'gif;tvH
csdwfqGJxm;w,f? pifjrifhay:rSm ausmif;om;awG 0ifvdkufxGufvdkufeJ@ tvkyfawG± _yfae=uygw,f? a=unmcsufawGvnf;
a0aeygw,f? wdkufyGJOD;pD;aumfrwD zGJ@+yD;a=umif;vnf; od& ygw,f? usaemfwdk@tm;vHk;vnf; pdwfawGv_yf& Sm;ae=uovdk
tm;&wuf»uvnf; jzpfae=uygw,f? tawmfav;rdk;csKyfawmhrS usaemfwdk@ taqmifudkjyefcJh=uw,f?
- 43 -
ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
owif;pmwdkufudk csDwuf+yD
naeydkif;rSm ô u@ukef; ‘u’ aqmif (atbavmuf) ab; jrufcif;jyifrSm csdef;xm;wJhtwdkif; ausmif;om;ESpfq,f/
oHk;q,fcef@ pkrd=uygw,f? tJ'DrSm 'DrrSefowif;udpPudk b,fvdkajz&Sif;=urvJqdkwm aqG;aEG;=uygw,f? owif;pmwdkuf
awGqD csDwuf+yD; 'Dowif;rrSefa=umif; ajz&Sif;csufxkwfay;zdk@ ta&;qdk=ur,fvdk@ qHk;jzwf=uygw,f? a»u;a=umfoHawG pk+yD;
a&;=uw,f? ‘rrSefowif;tvdkr&Sd’ ‘owif;rSefazmfxkwfa&; wdk@ta&;’ ‘ta&;awmfyHk atmif& rnf’ pojzifh a&G;vdkuf=u
ygw,f? wdkufyGJpOf}uD;xJrSm ay:aygufvmwJh wdkufyGJi,fwcktwGuf OD;wnf+yD; a»u;a=umfoHawGudk a&G;wmjzpfygw,f? tJ'D
aemuf ‘u’ aqmifuae ‘i’ aqmiftxd taqmifa&S@vrf;wav#muf a»u;a=umfoHawGatmf+yD; csDwufoGm;=uygw,f?
taqmifay:0&HwmawGu xGuf=unfhaewJh ausmif;om;awGudkvnf; twlcsDwuf=uzdk@ atmfac:=u ygw,f?
taqmifay:uausmif;om;awGvnf; wajz;ajz;qif;vm=uygw,f? 'Daemuf usaemfwdk@ &efukef-tif;pdefvrf;r}uD;
buf xGufcJh=uw,f? vrf;ay:rSmjzwfvmwJh bwfpfum;awGudk wm;=uygw,f? um;ay:uc&D;onfawGudk tusKd;ta=umif;
&Sif;jy+yD; qif;ay;=uzdk@ arwWm&yfcHygw,f? um;q,fpD;avmuf &wJhtcg &efukefór@bufudk OD;wnf+yD; a»u;a=umfoHrsm;
atmfum armif;xGufcJh=uygw,f? &efukefór@xJudk r[mAE<Kvvrf;twdkif; 0ifcJh=uw,f? wae&mta&mufrSmawmh ppfom;
awGu vrf;udkydwfqdk@xm;wmudk awG@& ygw,f? owif;pmwdkuftxd oGm;cGifhray;Edkifa=umif;/ owif;pmwdkufrS wm0ef& Sdol
rsm;eJ@ 'Dae&mrSmyJ awG@aqG;aEG;=uygvdk@ qdkvmygw,f? ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,fawGa&G;+yD; oGm;aqG;aEG;=uygw,f? tJ'D
tcgrSm owif;pmwdkufrS wm0efcHqdkolawGu 'Dae@ygwJhowif;eJ@ywfouf+yD; &efukefpufr_wuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm;u
r[kwfrSefa=umif; vma&mufajz&Sif;oGm;w,fqdkwmudk aemufae@xkwfowif;pm&J@ rsufESmzHk;rSm 6 vdkif;pmvHk;rnf;eJ@
xnfhay;r,fvdk@ tmrcH=uygw,f? usaemfwdk@ausmif;om;awGvnf; 'gudkvufcHoabmwl+yD; vSnfhjyefcJh=uw,f? tjyefvrf;
wav#mufrSm ta&;awmfyHkatmif+yDvdk@ a»u;a=umfcJh=uw,f?
aemuf &efukefbGJ@ESif;obifodk@ OD;wnfcJh=uygw,f? bGJ@ESif;obifcef;rxJodk@ a»u;a=umfoHawG atmf[pf+yD; 0ifoGm;=u
wJhtcg txJrSm&SdaewJh ausmif;om;awGuvnf; vufckyfwD;ô uqdk=uygw,f? ppftpdk;&u usaemfwdk@ausmif;om;awGudk
enf;rsKd;pHkeJ@ aoG;cGJayrJh cef;rxJ& SdcGyfa'gif;tvHudk=unfh+yD; 'Dor*~tvHawmfatmufrSm wdk@ausmif;om;awGtm;vHk; pkpnf;nD
!Gwfae=uygvm; vdk@awG;rdygw,f?
aemufae@xkwfowif;pmrSm usaemfwdk@ausmif;om;rsm; vmajz&Sif;oGm;wJhta=umif;udk xnfhay;ygw,f? 'gayrJh aemuf
a=umpmrsufESmrSm waumfvHuGufao;av;eJ@yJ azmfjyay;wmyg? uwday;xm;ovdkawmh r[kwfygbl;?
tif;pdefaxmifudk0dkif;jcif;
w&ufrSmawmh (ZGefv 9 &ufae@[kxif) usaemfwdk@ausmif;om;awG tif;pdefaxmifodk@ csDwuf+yD;qENjy=uygw,f?
tJ'Dae@rSm &efukefwuUodkvfbufu csDwufvm=ur,fh ausmif;om;awGudk usaemfwdk@oli,fcsif;wpkuawmh ausmif;uaeyJ
apmifhaevdkufygw,f? eHeuf 10 em&Dywf0ef;usifavmufrSm tif;pdefvrf;rwav#muf csDwufvmwJh ausmif;om;awGudk pjrif
&ygw,f? rsufaphwqHk; ausmif;om;wef;}uD;[m rukefEdkifyg? usaemfwdk@vnf; ausmif;om;wef;}uD;xJ 0ifa&mufyl;aygif;
vdkufygw,f? a»u;a=umfoHawGudkvnf; tm;yg;w&atmf[pf=uygawmhw,f?
- 44 -
ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
2
‘tzrf;cHtvkyform; vGwfajrmufa&; (wdk@ta&;) ’
2
‘tzrf;cHausmif;om; vGwfajrmufa&; (wdk@ta&;) ’
2
‘ausmif;om;or*~ ay:aygufa&; (wdk@ta&;) ’
2 2
‘taruarG; axmifuau|;a[h ætif;pdefaxmif}uD; (xyfcsJ@) æa&=unftdkifvnf; (xyfcsJ@) ’
‘ae0if; æae0if; ætdk@ tdk@’
‘pef;,k æpef;,k ætdk@ tdk@’
2
‘ta&;awmfyHk (atmif& rnf) ’
tif;pdefaxmifudka&mufwJhtcg axmifudkywf+yD; a»u;a=umfoHrsm;atmf=uygw,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSmawmh toHawGu
tjrifhrm;qHk;jzpf+yD; rdk;vHk;nHaeygawmhw,f? wae&mrSmawmh a»u;a=umfoHawGatmf[pfwmudk acwW& yf+yD; axmifxJu
toHudk em;pGifh=unfh=uygw,f? txJuvnf; jyef+yD;atmfwJhtoHudk oJhoJh=um;&ygw,f? tusOf;uscHae&wJh usaemfwdk@
nDtpfudk tvkyform;/ ausmif;om;awG& J@ toHygvm;vdk@awG;rd+yD; emusnf;cHjyif;pdwfawG wzGm;zGm;ay:vmygw,f? cHjyif;
pdwfawGeJ@ a»u;a=umfoHawGudk xyf+yD;atmf[pf=uygw,f?
a»u;a=umfoHawGatmfae&if;u usaemfh& J@pdwfawG[m twdwfumvodk@ jyef@vGifhoGm;ygw,f? e,fcsJ@qef@usifa&;/ trsKd;
om;vGwfajrmufa&;umvrSm ausmif;om;or*~rS arG;xkwfay;vdkufwJh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;[m jynfolawGeJ@twl
&yfwnfvufwGJ+yD; &J& J& ifh& ifh wdkufyGJ0ifcJh=uw,f r[kwfygvm;? ‘jrif;cGmwcsufayguf& if rD;[kef;[kef;awmufap&r,f’
ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkA[def;&J@ e,fcsJ@tay: &J& ifhjywfom;pGm pdefac:òuH;0g;vdkufoH? or*~pdwf"mwf/ cGyfa'gif;pdwf"mwf
yif r[kwfygvm;? xdkpdwf"mwfum; ,ck usaemfwdk@ausmif;om;awG udk,fxJodk@vnf; pD;qif;pdrfh0ifaecJh+yDjzpfonf? 'gwifru
,ck usaemfwdk@ a»u;a=umfae=uwmawGvnf; xdkpOfua»u;a=umfoHrsm; wywfvnfvmjcif;yif r[kwfygvm;?
tJ'DvdkawG;rdwJhtcgrSm usaemfhwudk,fvHk; =uufoD;arG;n‡if;rsm; xoGm;ygawmhw,f?
twdwfodk@ysH@vGifhoGm;wJh usaemfhpdwfawGudk jyefvnfpkpnf;vdkufw,f? 'Daemuf a»u;a=umfoHrsm;udk tm;rmefopfawGeJ@
a»u;a=umfvdkufygw,f? axmifudkwywfywf+yD;wJhtcg tif;pdefvrf;twdkif; jyefvSnfhvm=uygw,f? usaemfwdk@uawmh bGJ@ESif;
obiftxd jyefrvdkufawmhbJ ausmif;rSmyJ ae&pfcJhygw,f? ausmif;awGudk &uftuef@towfr&dS ydwfvdkuf+yDqdkwmudk
=um;odvdkuf& ygw,f? ausmif;om;xk& J@wdkufyJGudk ózcGJzdk@twGuf ppftpdk;&[m xHk;pHtwdkif; ausmif;awGudk ydwfvdkufwm jzpf
ygw,f?
ed*Hk;
tJ'Dae@rSmyJ oydwfpcef;udk a&$wd*HkapwDodk@ ajymif;a&$@oGm;ygw,f? usaemfwdk@vnf; aemufae@reufusrSyJ vdkufoGm;
awmhr,fqdk+yD; taqmifrSmyJ em;aevdku=f uygw,f? 'gayrJh reufvif;tm;}uD;rSm ppftpdk;&vHkxdef;awGu a&$wd*Hkbk& m;
ay:wuf+yD; ausmif;om;awGudk zrf;oGm;ygw,f?
ppftpdk;&[m ausmif;om;awGu w&m;wJhtcGifhta&;awG +idrf;csrf;pGme@J awmif;qdkqENjywmudk enf;vrf;wus
rajz&Sif;bJ t=urf;zufózcGJcJhjyefyg+yD? 'Dvdkt=urf;zufzdESdyfvdkuf& if +idrf0yfoGm;r,fvdk@ wvGJxifaeygw,f? ausmif;om;wdkufyGJ
awG& Sdaewm ausmif;om;or*~& Sdaevdk@yJqdk+yD; ordkif;0ifausmif;om;or*~ taqmuftODudk AHk;cGJzsufqD;cJhw,f? 'gayrJh
ausmif;om;wdkufyGJawG aysmufuG,foGm;ygovm;? ausmif;om;xk& Sdaeor# or*~pdwf"mwf/ cGyfa'gif;pdwf"mwf[m &SdaerSm
jzpfygw,f? rw&m;zdESdyfr_awG& Sdaeor#/ w&m;wJhtcGifhta&;awG qHk;± H_;aeor# cGyfa'gif;pdwf"mwfu iHk@cHaerSmr[kwfyg? tcGifh
omwdkif; wHk@jyefwdkufyGJ0ifaerSm jzpfygw,f? 'gudk ordkif;u oufaojycJh+yDjzpfwJhtjyif quf+yD;awmhvnf; jyOD;rSmjzpfygw,f?
or*~pdwf"mwf/ cGyfa'gif;pdwf"mwf t"Gef@& Snfygap?
ausmfórif (pufr_)
wdrfðryfaysmufuG,faeaom
rSwfwkdifwck
(wkdufyGJ0iftvkyform;a[mif;wOD;)
- 45 -
ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
- 46 -
ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
- 48 -
ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
&J&ifh=u,f wifarmifOD;
±kyfyHkv$m tydkif;tprsm;
aumif;ndK
wdkufyGJawGu ol&Jaumif;udk arG;zGm;ay;w,f/ ol&Jaumif;qdkwm ordkif;acwfawG&J@ rSwfausmuf/ a&$tppfqdkwm
i&JrD;udkra=umufbl;?
ppftm%m&SifpepfeJ@ ausmif;om;qdkwm ordkif;pOfwavsmufrSm wdkufyGJawGeJ@om tpDt&Djynfhv#rf;aecJhw,f? ausmif;
om;pdwf"gwf/ ausmif;om;ordkif;qdkwm Armjynf&J@ rw&m;r_qef@usifawmfvSefwJhvrf;a=umif;rSm xif&Sm;cJhw,f? usaemfwdk@
vufxJu wdkufyGJ0ifcGyfa'gif;tvHu tpOftvmt& vufqifhurf;o,fvmcJhwJhtvHjzpfygw,f?
ppftm%m&SifpepfeJ@ ausmif;om;wdk@&J@ wdkufyGJpOfawGxJu (1974) rSmjzpfyGm;cJhwJh OD;oef@ta&;tcif;[m urBmhtv,f
rSm ArmjynfrsufESmri,fa&;twGufqifEGJcJhwJh ausmif;om;wdkufyGJyg? OD;oef@qdkwmu usaemfwdk@ jrefrmt,ltqt& ajym&
&if p}u0aw;rif;aygh? acwfay:EdkifiHa&;toHk;tE_ef;t&ajym&if ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;csKyfjzpfw,f? OD;oef@[m
wurBmvHk;uav;pm;&wJh urBmacgif;aqmif}uD;vnf;jzpfw,f? jzpfyGm;vkqJqJ urBmppfyGJ}uD;udk z,f&Sm;EdkifcJhwJh +idrf;csrf;a&;
orm;}uD;vJjzpfw,f? OD;oef@uG,fvGefawmh ol&J@ &kyfuvmyfudk ArmjynfrSm ðryfESHay;zdk@ qEN&SdcJhw,f? ol@&J@ &kyfuvmyfudk
av,mOfeJ@trdEdkifiHqD o,fvmwJhtcsdfefrSm 'Dpsmyeav,mOfjzwfoef;&mvrf;wav#muf EdkifiHawGu tajrmufypfazguf
*k%fðy=u&w,f?
'gayrJh OD;oef@&J@&kyfuvmyf Armjynfudka&mufvmawmh rqvtpdk;&u 'DvdkwurBmvHk;u av;pm;&wJh/ wefzdk;xm;wJh
acgif;aqmif}uD;udk omrefolvdkigvdkvlawGvdkoabmxm;+yD; t}uHyufpufpGm }uHawmocFsKid f;rSm ¹r_yfESHzdk@ pDpOfcJhw,f? 'g[m
rqvtpdk;&&J@acgif;aqmif}uD; OD;ae0if;&J@ oabmxm;ao;odrfr_jzpfw,f? 'g[m Armjynf vlxkw&yfvHk;udk apmfum;&m
vnf;a&mufcJhwJhtwGuf tpOftvmt& rw&m;r_udk acgif;iHk@rcHwwfwJh/ &dk;om;+yD;wufºuGwJh ausmif;om;awGu qef@usif
uef@uGufcJh=uw,f? OD;oef@&J@&kyfuvmyfudk ukvor*~axGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;&mxl;eJ@ xdkufwefpGm ¹r_yfESHoò*õvfzdk@ ausmif;om;
awGu óud;pm;=uw,f? 'DrSmwif tpdk;&eJ@ ausmif;om;awG[m xdyfwdkufawG@cJh=uw,f? tpdk;&u vufeufrJhausmif;om;
awGudk vlrqefpGm &uf&ufpufpuf owfjzwfcJh=uw,f?
'Dvdkt=urf;zufowfjzwfr_udk wzufowfcHcJh&wJh ausmif;om;awG[m vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;vrf;a=umif;udk
a&mufcJh=uwm[m tifrwefrS obm0uswJh jzpfpOfwckygbJ?
tckqdk&if (26) ESpf&SdcJhyg+yD? usaemfwdk@ausmif;om;awG&J@ &ifxJrSmawmh rae@wae@uvdkyJ cHpm;ae&qJygbJ? OD;oef@
ta&;awmfyHkuae+yD; xGufay:vmcJhwJh ol&Jaumif;wOD;udkvnf; trSwfw& &SdaeqJygbJ? 'Dol&Jaumif;uawmh udkwifarmif
OD; jzpfygw,f? 'gayrJh oleJ@ywfoufwJh tcsuftvufawG[m &Sm;yg;cJhygw,f? usaemfu ausmif;om;pdwf"mwfudkudkifpGJ+yD;
ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk wdkufyGJ0ifaewJh ausmif;om;wyfrawmf0ifwa,muftaeeJ@ OD;wifarmifOD;ta=umif;udk yDyDjyifjyifod
csifaecJhwm=umyg+yD? 'gayrJh tajctaeuray;bl;? usaemfuvnf; ordkif;okawoDwa,muf r[kwfawmh pepfwus
okawoe rvkyfEkdifbl;? usaemfu ausmif;om;wyfrawmfu &Guf=urf;a&usKd &Jabmfwa,mufr#om?
- 49 -
ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
- 50 -
ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
- 51 -
ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
rSwfrSwf&&ayghAsm/ usaemfwdk@ygwD&,f (KNU) &,f olwdk@or*~&,f aygif;+yD;/ zvl;wdk@ 0rf;cgwdk@rSm 7th July tcrf;
tem;awG usif;ycJh=uw,f? olwdk@or*~uyJ OD;aqmifusif;ycJh=uwmyg? tcgtm;av#mfpGm ðyvkyfwwfwJh usaemfwdk@ygwD&J@
EdkifiHa&;tcrf;tem;awGudkvnf; olwdk@or*~u oD;jcm;vGwfvyfwJh tzGJ@tpnf;w&yftaeeJ@ o0%fv$mydk@wmwdk@ bmwdk@
vkyf=uygw,f? w}udrfrSm ætif; ætm;opfpmapmif (6) ESpfjynfhtcrf;tem;rSm olwdk@or*~uay;ydk@wJh o0%fv$mudk
tcrf;tem;rª;vkyfwJh AdkvfatmifrsdK;u zwfcdkif;vdk@ usaemfudk,fwdkif zwfay;cJh&bl;ygw,f?
tif; olwdk@or*~&J@tvHu tck cifAsm;wdk@&J@tvHvdkyJ cGyfa'gif;tvHyJAs/ rSwfrdoavmuf 'Dor*~rSm OD;aqmifyg0if=uwJh
ausmif;om;awGu udkwifarmifOD;/ udkpdefjrifh/ udkatmifEdkif/ udk&Jjrifhpdk;/ udkarmifqef;/ udkatmifjrifh/ a'gufuvyf ac: udkodrfOD;
aemuf cifAsm;wdk@ (ABSDF) &J@OuUÏa[mif;jzpfwJh xGef;atmifausmfvnf; 'Dor*~tzGJ@0ifa[mif;jzpfcJhw,f?
usaemfwdk@ (PDP) uxkwfa0wJh tm;opfpmapmifrSm olwdk@eJ@ygwfoufwJh owif;tcsuftvufawG &Sdw,f? wcsdK@vl
awGqDrSmawmh usefEdkifygao;w,f?
'gawGuawmh ygvDref'Drdkua&pDygwD&J@ twGif;a&;rª;jzpfol OD;cspfaqG ajymjywJh udkwifarmifOD;eJ@ ol&J@ywf0ef;usiftae
txm;awGygyJ/ 'D&kyfyHkv$mum;csyfxJu xGufay:vmwJh tawG;awGuawmh (1974) OD;oef@ta&;awmfyHku arG;zGm;ay;vdkuf
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ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
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ta&;awmfyHk (4) apmifwGJ
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