LOGIC GATES

A logic gate performs a logical operation on one

or more logic inputs and produces a single logic
output. Because the output is also a logic-level
value, an output of one logic gate can connect to
the input of one or more other logic gates. The
logic normally performed is Boolean logic and is
most commonly found in digital circuits. Logic
gates are primarily implemented electronically
using diodes or transistors, but can also be
constructed using electromagnetic relays,
fluidics, optics, molecules, or even mechanical
elements.
In electronic logic, a logic level is represented by
a voltage or current, (which depends on the type
of electronic logic in use). Each logic gate
requires power so that it can source and sink
currents to achieve the correct output voltage. In
logic circuit diagrams the power is not shown,
but in a full electronic schematic, power
connections are required.
 Logic Symbols & their truth tables
Boolean
Distinctive Rectangular algebra
Type Truth table
shape shape between A
&B
INPUT OUTPUT
A B A AND B
0 0 0
AND A.B 0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
INPUT OUTPUT
A B A AND B
0 0 1
0 1 1
OR A+B
1 0 1
1 1 0
INPUT OUTPUT
A NOT A
NOT 0 1
1 0
INPUT OUTPUT
A B A NAND B
0 0 1
NAND 0
1
1
0
1
1
1 1 0
INPUT OUTPUT
A B A NOR B
0 0 1
NOR 0
1
1
0
0
0
1 1 0
INPUT OUTPUT
A B A XOR B
0 0 0
XOR 0
1
1
0
1
1
1 1 0
INPUT OUTPUT
A B A XNOR B
0 0 1
XNOR 0
1
1
0
0
0
1 1 1
In electronics a NOT gate is more commonly
called an inverter. The circle on the symbol is
called a bubble, and is generally used in circuit
diagrams to indicate an inverted (active-low)
input or output.
Two more gates are the exclusive-OR or XOR
function and its inverse, exclusive-NOR or XNOR.
The two input Exclusive-OR is true only when the
two input values are different, false if they are
equal, regardless of the value. If there are more
than two inputs, the gate generates a true at its
output if the number of trues at its input is odd.
In practice, these gates are built from
combinations of simpler logic gates.

Applications
 Digital Photography
 Digital Audio
 Digital Video