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Composite Materials
Prof.V.Alfred Franklin.,
St.Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering
Nagercoil, India.
Composite Material ?
Two inherently different materials that when combined together
produce a material with properties that exceed the constituent
materials.
Examples:
– Straw in mud
– Wood (cellulose fibers in hemicellulose and lignin)
– Bones (soft protein collagen and hard apatite minerals)
– Pearlite (ferrite and cementite)
Micro mechanics/ Macro mechanics?
Major Constituents
Fiber
Matrix
Fillers
Coupling agents
Colorants
FIBERS
Principle Load carrying member
7
Poorer fiber efficiency Better fiber efficiency
Why are Fibers of a Thin Diameter?
1. Thinner fiber has higher ultimate strength because less chance
for inherent flaws. Similar phenomenon in metals and alloys
(Strength of a thin wire can be higher than its bulk material).
Distributes the loads evenly between fibres so that all fibres are
subjected to the same amount of strain.
Low shrinkage.
concrete, asphalt
Reinforcement
Metal Powder metallurgy parts – Cermets (ceramic-metal Brake pads
combining immiscible composite)
metals
Cermets
(1) Oxide–Based cermets
(e.g. Combination of Al2O3 with Cr)
(2) Carbide–Based Cermets
(e.g. Tungsten–carbide, titanium–carbide)
Metal–plastic particle composites
(e.g. Aluminum, iron & steel, copper particles)
Metal–in–metal Particle Composites and
Dispersion Hardened Alloys
(e.g. Ceramic–oxide particles)
3. Flake Composites
Flakes, because of their shape, usually
reinforce in 2-D. Two common flake
materials are glass and mica. (Also
aluminum is used as metal flakes)
Flake Composites
1. Aluminum
2. Mica
3. Glass
Flake Composites