1. People
People are the thinking, living, and feeling beings that interact as they work for the
achievement of organizations’ goals/ objectives
2. Structure
3. Technology
Technology allows workers to perform much better work but needs to have a balance
between technical and social system
4. Environment
The external environment such as government, other organizations, family and others that
is interrelated with the job and output of the organization
1. Individual Differences
A person is a distinct individual. The individual is the starting point with which an
organization operates. Hence, he should be given all opportunities to develop fully because the
success of the organization is dependent upon the kind of individuals who comprise it.
2. Perception
It is the unique way in which an individual perceives, organizes and interprets with his eyes
on the things around him. Workers perceive their work environment differently for variety of
reasons. Management must learn to expect perceptual differences among the people and learn to
accept them as emotional beings and adopt appropriate solutions.
3. A whole person
When a person is hired it is not only because of his brains but as a whole, person possessed
with certain characteristics. Personal home life and breeding of a person is not totally separate
from workplace. The manager should develop the person to the fullest to contribute to the vision
and mission of the organization.
Everybody has the necessary capabilities to perform certain task. The management should
provide opportunities for a meaningful involvement of workers.
5. Motivated Behaviour
Motivation is necessary to the operation of the organization toward task performance. The
Management should motivate its employees by showing the workers how certain jobs will increase
their need for fulfilment.
6. Value of Persons
People are the most important to control in an organization. Therefore, they deserve to be
treated with respect and dignity. They should be given preferential value for their skills and
abilities with opportunities for development.
1. Locus of Control
An individual’s generalized belief about internal control (self-control) versus external control
(control by the situation or by others)
Internal locus control person have high job satisfaction, job involvement and they will
exercise control in their work environment
External locus control person prefer to work in a structured setting, may be more reluctant
to participate in decision making.
2. Generalized self-efficacy
A generalized belief about one’s own capabilities to deal with the events and challenges in
life.
• Low generalized self-efficacy person often feel ineffective at work and may express
doubt in performing new tasks
Ex. A salesman with high self-efficacy may have confidence in his ability to meet customer
expectations, but does not necessarily blame himself for all lost sales.
3. Self- Esteem
• High self-esteem person have positive feelings about themselves, recognizes their
strength and weaknesses and believes that strength is more important than
weaknesses. They perform better and are more satisfied with their job.
• Low self-esteem person view themselves negatively. They are strongly affected by
what other people think of them.
4. Self- Monitoring
The extent to which people base their behaviour on cues from other people and situations.
• High self-monitor person pay attention to what are the expectations of others and
respond easily to organizational culture because of flexibility.
• Positive affect person focuses on the positive aspects of themselves, other people and
the world in general. They produce positive team affect that leads to more cooperation
and less conflict. An asset in work settings.
• Negative affect person emphasize the negative in themselves, others and the world.
They report more work stress.
Attitudes
The Person
• Skills and
attitudes
Job Satisfaction
• Personality
Motivation
• Perception
• Attribution
What is the root word of Motivation?
• Attitudes
What is the meaning of this root word?
• “To move”
What is Motivation?
•
• Values
The process of arousing and sustaining goal-directed behaviour
•
• Ethics
An internal process that makes a person move toward a goal
About the way a person thinks and then acts on what is important to them.
Physiological needs: basic life needs- air, food, drink, shelter, sleep, sex
By Douglas McGregor
Also called, “the managed man”
Theory X
• Assumes that workers have little ambition, dislike work, want to avoid responsibility, and
need to be closely controlled.
Theory Y
• Assumes that workers can exercise self-direction, accept and actually seek out
responsibility, and consider work to be a natural activity
• Managerial role is to develop potential in employees and help them release that potential
toward common objectives based on these assumptions
• Persons who seek excellence in performance, enjoys difficult and challenging goals and
competitive in work activities
• Characteristics of Individual:
• Distinction:
Socialized power – used for collective well-being of the group. A constructive force in the
organization
Personalized power – used for personal gain of individual. Disruptive and destructive in the
organization
Classical Conditioning
Ex. Associate things with connections or pairings. Listening to a certain song makes a person feel
sad, but it is not the song that makes the person sad. The song has been paired with the loss of a
loved one.
• Goals are often used to increase employee effort and motivation, which in turn improve
task performance.
• Improved role clarity leads to improved communication between Managers and employees
• Important to reduce role stress connected with conflicting and confusing expectations.
• Improve the planning through developing operational plans in support of the corporate
goals and assessment on how employees or departments perform their expected job.
Performance Appraisal
1. Feedback to employee
• Response or informing employee on how well they are performing.
2. Self-development
• Employees learn about their strengths and weaknesses thus begin self-improvement
programs
3. Reward Systems
4. Personnel decisions
• Employers/ managers can evaluate the employees’ talents, ability and weaknesses
• Managers can measure the skills that is lacking so that new or revised training programs
can be develop
Reviewer in Filipino I
BARAYTI NG WIKA
AT
MGA PARAAN NG PAGPAPAHAYAG
Wika
• Dito naipapahayag ng mga tao ang kanilang isipan, saloobin at damdamin sa isa’t isa.
• May sari-sariling wika ang bawat lahi; Iba-ibang lahi, iba-ibang wika.
Barayti ng Wika
• Ang Pilipinas ay may sariling wika, bagamat may kinikilalang Wikang Pambansa may iba-iba
pa rin wika ang ginagamit ayon na rin sa pagkakaiba ng kapaligiran, pinagmulan at
kakanyahan ng bawat isa.
• At dahil dito masasabing ang Wikang Pambansa ay may iba’t ibang barayti.
1. Paglalarawan
2. Paglalahad
3. Pagsasalaysay
4. Pangangatwiran
Paglalarawan
4. Kaisahan (unity).
2 Uri ng Paglalarawan
2. Masining na Paglalarawan
2. Maayos na mga detalye – sa pamamagitan nito nagiging maayos ang daloy ng imahinasyon
ng nakikinig at bumabasa.
Paglalahad
1. Pagbibigay ng katuturan.
2. Sanaysay.
4. Ang Ulat.
2. Katawan ng ulat – dito nakalahad ang pagsusuri, ang mga mahahalagang pangyayari at
impormasyon.
PAGSASALAYSAY AT PANGANGATWIRAN
Pagsasalaysay
2. Nakita at napanood
3. Napakinggan o narinig
4. Nabasa
5. Likhang-isip
1. Pagsulat
2. Pagbasa
a. Maikli
c. Hindi katawa-tawa
d. Lumilikha ng pananabik
May mahalagang paksa o diwa
Pangangatwiran
Ano ang proposisyon? Ito ay isang paninindigan sa anyo ng pangungusap na nagsasaad ng mga
bagay na maaring tutulan o panigan, kaya nagiging paksa ng pagtatalo. Ang proposisyon ay
pinatutunayan sa pamamagitan ng mga argumento
1. Pangyayari
Halimbawa: “Nagkaroon ng lihim na kumperensiya ang mga Pangulo ng iba`t ibang samahang
pangmag-aaral sa di malamang mga dahilan”
2. Kahalagahan
• Ang paninindigan dito ay kahalagahan ng isang bagay tulad kung tayo ay nangangatwiran
at bumubuo ng mga argumento na nagtatanggol sa kabuuan ng isang bagay, isang palakad
o isang pagkilos
Halimbawa: “Ang pakikiisa ng mamamayan sa pamahalaan ay mahalaga upang malutas ang mga
suliranin ng ating lipunan”.
3. Patakaran
• Ito ang paninindigang karaniwang ginagamit sa pampublikong pagtatalo. Ito ang isang
proposisyong ngahaharap ng isang paraan ng pagkilos o isang binalak na solusyon ng isang
suliranin. Karaniwang gumagamit ang proposisyon ito ng salitang dapat
2. Walang kinikilingan
5. Malinaw at tiyak