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khj ,jo;> nghOJ – 18

Mb – Mtzp o tho;jJ
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l; – 201
2010 jdpr;
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vidiyalmagazhine.blogspot.com
o ed;wpfs;
vidiyalmagazhine@gmail.com
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jpUr;nrq;NfhL – 637 215> jkpo;ehL> ,e;jpah.
www.ksrcasthamizh.blogspot.com, www.ksrcas.net.

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 18 1 Mf];l; 201

2010
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tpbay; khj ,jo; - 18 2 Mf];l; 201
2010
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mJ kpifahfhJ. tsh;f! tpbaypd; epidT ey;yJ Ntz;Lk;
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gy njhz;Lfs; nra;jpl ehSk;
cioj;jpLf.


tpbay; khj ,jo; - 18 3 Mf];l; 201

2010
 ‘kdnkDk; Xilapy; - epidntDk; vz;zKk; kdKk; miyNghy;
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tpbay; khj ,jo; - 18 4 Mf];l; 201
2010
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tpbay; khj ,jo; - 18 5 Mf];l; 201

2010
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tpbay; khj ,jo; - 18 6 Mf];l; 201

2010
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miyfi sg; Nghy;
Xhplj;jpy; epy;yhJ> mts; xU fy; Nfhlhhpahy;
clypy; XLk; FUjp Nghy; jhf;fg;gl;Lf; nfhy;yg;gl;bUe;jhs;.
kPzL ; k; Rod;
; k; kPzL Rod;W mtSila jiy clk;gpypUe;J
epiyapy;yhj epiyiag; Jz;bf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. %isiaj;
Ws;sJ ek; nrk;nkhop
ngw;Ws; khopahk;
ahk;
jkpo;nkhop. jdpahf vLg;gjw;fhf mtSila
kz;ilNahl;bd; mbg;ghfk; cilj;
Jj; jpwf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,t;thW mf;

fhyj;jpy; xU ngz;zpd; jiy

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 18 7 Mf];l; 201

2010
jho;jj; g;gl;lJ. ,J kpfg; gioa fy;tpNa nja;tk; vdf; $wg;gLk;
epfo;rr; p. ,f;fhyj;jpy; ngz;fy;tp vspJ.
Kj;Jnyl;Rkp nul;b fhyj;jpy;
fp.gp.19-Mk; E}w;whz;Lf;Fg; gpd;dhd ngz; fy;tp ghtkhff; fUjg;gl;lJ.
tuyhWfspy; ngz; jiyepkph;ej
; ngw;Nwhh;f;Fj; njhpahkNy Mq;fpy
epfo;Tfisf; fhzKbfpwJ. fy;tpiaf; fw;whh;. mtuJ fy;Y}hpg;
gbg;Gf; fhyfl;lj;jpy; Njrpa
xU ehl;bd; tPuj;ijAk;> jiyth;fs; ghuhl;bAs;sdh;.
Kd;Ndw;wj;ijAk; msg;gjw;Fhpa
kpfr;rpwe;j fUtp ngz;. ,e;jpa
murpay; tuyhw;wpy; ,lk; ngwj;jFjp
ngw;w Kjy; ,e;jpa ngz;kzp
[hd;rpuhzp. nts;isa rpg;gha;
fSf;Fr; rpk;k nrhg;gdkhf tpsq;fpa
rpq;fk;. Mq;fpNya Nghh; tPuh; ngsfiu
vjph;jJ; tPu uj;jj;ijr; Rke;J
Nghh;nra;jhs; [hd;rpuhzp RacUtk;
vLf;f ngsfh; <LnfhLf;f Kbahky;
tPoe
; j
; hd;. 1886-1968
rpy Mz;Lfs; fopj;J nrd;id
apy; Ma;Tikaj;ij epWtpdhh;.
mf;fhyj;jpy; Ra njhopy; njhlq;fpa
Kjy; ngz;kzp.
,e;jpa kz;zpy; gpwf;fh
tpl;lhYk;> ,e;j kz;zpd; ike;jh;
fSf;Fj; jk; ,ja md;igAk;
,d;Kf njhz;ilAk; KOtJkhf

1835 – 1858

[hd;rp uhzpapd; ths; tPrR

; ghAk;
,lnky;yhk; Mq;fpy gilapd; ,uj;jk;
rpjWk;. Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhf ,e;jg; G+kp
Vw;w Kjy; ngz; cUtk; Ihd;rpuhzp.
fly; miyfshYk;
Kbahf;
jLf;f Kbah f;
1910 – 1997
fhw;W - ngz;

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 18 8 Mf];l; 201

2010
xg;gilj;jth; md;id njurh. mZ
MAj mtyq;fSk;> ,aw;if jUk;
vjph;ghuhj Jauq;fSk; cynfq;fpYk; tpijfSk; tpUl;rq;fSk;
gue;J tphpe;Js;s ,e;j Neuj;jpy; kdpj ftpQh; vopyurpapd;
vopyurpapd;
Fyj;Jf;F mikjpiaf; fhf;f ftpijfs; gw;wpa fl;Liu
gzpahw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; gzpg; kdpj kdq;fspd; fdq;fs; jd;
ngz;. ngz;zpdj;jpw;Nf ngUik ftpijr; rpwfirg;gpy; nkd;ikahfr;
Nrh;gg
; J md;idnjurhjhd;. Neha; nrhy;ypr; nry;gth; ftpQh; vopyurp.
fz;L thLk; ,ay;Gk;> grpg;gpzp fz;L kpifahd myq;fhuq;fisg; gad;
cUFk; ,jak; nfhz;bUe;j njurh gLj;jhJ kpf vspa gbkq;fshy;>
jd; flikiag; gjpide;J mofhd ftpijfis tbg;gjpy;
Mz;Lfshfg; gs;spapNy nra;jhh;. Mh;tk; nfhz;l ,tuJ Kjy;
gs;spapy; 1944 ,y; gs;spKjy;th; gjtp ftpijj; njhFg;G ‘kpjf;Fk;
Njb te;jJ. cly; eyk; Fd;wpa kfue;jk;’ vd;gjhFk;.
epiyapYk; Kjy;th; nghWg;igj;
jpwk;gl nra;J te;jhh;. ,th; ,th; NtY}h; khtl;lk;> uhzpg;
fy;fj;jh fhspNfhapy; mUNf 1952 Ngl;ilapy; gpwe;jth;. jkpo;
eph;ky; ,Ujak; vd;w ngahpy; ,wg;Nghh; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; Kidth; gl;lk; ngw;w
ey ,y;yk; Jtq;fpdhh;. ,th; njhlf;ffhyj; jkpo;g;
Gjpdq;fspy; ngz; rpj;jphpg;G gw;wpg;
cyfk; KOtJk; Gfo;ngw;w ,th; ngUk; Ma;tpid Nkw;nfhz;lth;.
“ntzpRyh” efhpy; 1965 Mk; Mz;L jw;NghJ ehkf;fy; mwpQh; mz;zh
klk; Muk;gpj;jhh;. ,jidj; njhlh;eJ; muRf; fy;Y}hpapy; cjtpg;
nfhyk;gpah> nghyptpah> gpNurpy; Nguhrphpauhfg; gzpGhpe;J tUfpd;whh;.
Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; Nrit nra;J
‘md;id’ ngah; ngw;W “md;id ,d;iwa rKjhaj;jpy; ngz;
njurh” Mdhh;. rKjhak; cah;thdnjhU epiyf;F
te;j NghjpYk; juzpia MSk;
gUtq;fs; NjhWk; nghopfpd;w jpwik nfhz;bUe;j NghjpYk;
kioiag;Nghy ,y;yhJ> fhyKk; mtisg; nghWj;j tiu mk;kh tPL
,lKk; fUjhjJ md;G. me;j vd;gJ mtUf;F epue;juky;y
md;Gkioiag; ngz; nghopfpwhs;. vd;gij moFw $wpr; nry;Yk;
mk;kioahy; cyf caph;fspd; vopyurpapd; ftpijj; Jsp ….. ek;
,jaq;fs; eide;J Fsph;fpd;wd. Kd;Nd fhl;rpaha; tphpfpwJ.
“,Ue;J
 tpl;Lr; nrd;w tPL
kWgbAk;; tha;gg
kWgbAk ; jpy;iy
neUly;fSk; GOf;fq;fSkha;g;g;
gpJf;fk; nfhz;ljd; gpwF
tpbay; khj ,jo; - 18 9 Mf];l; 201
2010
 xU NghJk; vd;id mJ
Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy;iy
mt;tg;NghJ ikak; nfhz;l “te;jkUk; thyhl;Lk; jiy jpUg;Gk;
njd;wy; jpl;Lf;fs; Fjpf;Fk; jpUk;Gk; fOj;ij
vz;zq;fspy; NkNyhq;Fk; tisf;Fk;
md;W rw;Nw gwf;Fk; ,izAld; NgRk;
gbg;gjw;nfd kdj;jpd; fdk; midj;Jk;
tpLjpf;Fr; nrd;wjd; gpwF mjd; rpwfirg;gpy;
tpLKiwf; fhy Xa;tplkhapw;W
pwF--g.vz;-61)
Nyrha;;” (rpl;Lr;rpwF
Nyrha
kzkhd gpd;
vk; mk;
mk;khtP
khtPlhapw;W
epiyahikia czh;jJ ; k;
vd; tPL” (mk;kh tPL –g.vz;.19)
E}y;fs; jkpo; nkhopapy; rKj;jpuk;
Nghd;W tphpe;jpUe;jhYk; vl;Nl
ghujp tpUk;gpa tz;zk;> epkph;ej ;
thpfspy; mf;fUj;ijj; jpwk;gl
ed;dilAk;> Neh;nfhz;l ghh;itAkha;
$wpLk; ftpQhpd; nrhy;yk;Gfs;
tpsq;f Ntz;ba GJikg;
,Njh ek; fz;Kd;Nd gha;tijf;
ngz;zhdts; rKjhaj;jpy; cytp
fhZq;fs;.
tUk; ,uhtzh;fshy; jd;epiy khwpg;
Nghdijf; $wpr;nry;Yk; ftpQhpd;
“,aw;ifr; rPww
; j;jpy; %r;rlf;fp
ftpijj; Jspfs;> fz;zPh;j; Jspfsha;
epyj;jpw;F cuk; Nrh;ff; g; NghNdhk;
jlk; khwpg; Nghfpd;wd.
gpuusak; Kbag;
gp
Nguikjp nfhz;Nlhk;
“jLkhWfpwJ eh epyk; eLq;fp ePh; ngUf
$rpg; NghfpwJ kdk; %r;rw;W neQ;rilf;f
mstpLk; mr;RWj;Jk; epyk; eLq;fp ePh; ngUf
myl;rpag;gLj;Jk; %r;rw;W neQ;rilf;f
vy;yhg; ghh;itfisAk; jtph;ff
; f; fdf;fpwJ tapW
fhy; ngUtpuiyg; ghh;jN
; j ftpe;jpUf;fpwJ Mfhak;”
vd;d epkph;jj
; pAk; (fiu fhZk; tho;fi f--g.vz;-30)
; f
tise;Nj NghdJ KJF
RUq;fpg; NghdJ cyfk;”
,t;thW vspa gbkq;fshy;
(ngUtpuy;
(ngUtpuy; cyfk;-g.vz;.49)
ePNuhil Nghd;w mikjpahd jk;
ftpij thpfspy; vopyurp
,e;j cyfpy; MwwpT gilj;j kdpj
tbj;Js;shh;.
[Ptuhrpfs; ju ,ayhj MWjiy
- tpbay; FOtpdh;
Ie;jwpT gilj;jg; gwitapdq;fs; juj;
jtWtjpy;iy. ftpQhpd; ,f; ftpij
apid thrpAq;fs;. mjpy; ek; Rthrk; 
rw;NwDk; epk;kjpAWk; vd;gjpy;
vs;ssTk; Iakpy;iy.
f l; L iu
tpbay; khj ,jo; - 18 10 Mf];l; 201
2010
 njhopw;rhiyapd; mjpfg;gbahd

ePh; khRghL

khRghL ePhj
; N; jitNa MFk;. cjhuzkhf
j. jPgh rh;ff; iu Miy> vz;nza;
,sq;fiy jkpo; %d;whkhz;L njhopw;rhiyfSf;F Kf;fpakhf ePh;
Njit. ,jDila fopTfis
ehk; capUld; tho;tjw;F> fhw;wpw;F ntspNaw;Wtjw;Fr; rhpahd ,lkhf
mLj;j epiyapy; ‘ePh;’ kpfTk; ejp miktjhy; ejpePh; vspjhf
mtrpakhd xd;W MFk;. ek;Kila khrilfpwJ. Mw;WePiu mUe;Jk;
md;whl Njitfis epiwT nra;tjpy; kf;fSf;F vYk;Gk; ,jaKk;
MW> Fsk;> Vhp Mfpait Kf;fpag; ghjpg;gilfpd;wd.
gq;F tfpf;fpd;wd.
efuq;fs; kw;Wk; ngUefuq;fspy;
kdpjh;fs; thoplq;fspy;
,Ue;J ntsptUk; fopT ePh;
NeubahfNt Mw;W ePhpy;
fye;J tpLtjhy; Mw;W ePh;
kl;Lk; nfLtJld; mjpf
msT Neha;fis
Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. NkYk;
efuq;fspy; fopTg;
nghUs;fisr; rhiy
Xukhff; Ftpg;gjhy;>
,f;fopTg; nghUl;fspy;
,Ue;J tUk; ghf;Bhpahf;fs; kio
ePh; ngUksT Ntshz;ikf;Fk;
ePUld; fye;J MWfspy; khrpid
njhopw;rhiyfSf;Fk; gad;gLfpwJ.
mjpfg; gLj;Jfpd;wd. Mw;W ePiu
,Ug;gpDk;> ePuhdJ kdpjh;fshy;>
khRgLj;Jtjpy; njhopw;rhiyfis
mth;fspd; nray;fshy; khrilfpwJ.
tpl efuq;fNs tpQ;rp epw;fpd;wd.

,d;iwa cyf kf;fspd; xU

gaph;fSf;Fk;> kdpjh;fSf;Fk;
gFjpapdh; J}a;ikahd FbePiug; ngw
jPqF
; tpistpf;Fk; G+r;rp ,dq;fis
Kbatpy;iy. ePhpd; juk; vd;gJ
mopg;gjw;fhfg; G+r;rpf; nfhy;yp
mijg; gad;gLj;Jk; tpjj;ijg;
kUe;Jfs; mjpf mstpy; gad;
nghWj;Nj cs;sJ. Mw;WePiu khR
gLj;jg;g; Lfpd;wd. ,e;jg; G+r;rpf;
gLj;Jtjpy; njhopw;rhiyf; fopTfs;
nfhy;yp kUe;Jfisg; gaphpLk;
Kf;fpa gq;F tfpf;fpd;wd.
epyq;fspy; fye;J fopthf
ngUk;ghYk; njhopw;rhiyfs; MW fs;
ntspNawp Mw;W ePhpy; fyg;gjhy;>
,Uf;Fk; ,lq;fspNy fl;lg; gLfpd;wd.
mq;F thOk; ePht ; ho; caphpdq;fspd;
mjw;F Kf;fpaf; fhuzk;
jpRf;fspy; er;Rj; jd;ik Vw;gLfpwJ.
tpbay; khj ,jo; - 18 11 Mf];l; 201
2010
me;j kPdf
; is czthf cl;nfhs;Sk;
kdpjh;fSf;Fg; gy jPqF ; fs; Vw;gL ,jdhy; me;je;jg; nghUsh
fpd;wd. ,jdhy; gytifg;gl;l jhuj;jpw;Fj; jFe;jgb ePiug;
kPdpdq;fSk; mope;J tUfpd;wd. gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
gy ehLfspy; muR ePh;
ePh; khRghl;lhy; tpisr;ry; ghjpf; khRghl;ilj; jLf;f gy
fg;gLfpwJ. cw;gj;jpAk; FiwfpwJ. jpl;lq;fisj; jPlb; tUfpwJ. ,jd;
er;Rj; jd;ik cs;s khRg; tpisthf epykl;l ePh;> epyj;jb ePh>;
nghUshfpa fhg;gh; ry;Ngl; ePht ; ho; kio ePh; Mfpatw;iw tpQ;Qhd
caphpdq;fisg; ghjpg;gilar; nra;J> Kiwapy; gad;gLj;JtJ Nghd;w
caph; Nrjk; tpistpf;fpwJ. FbePh; jpl;lq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.
khRghL miltjhy; Neha; cz;lhf;Fk;
fpUkpfs; ePhpy; gy;fpg; ngUFfpd;wd. ePhg
; g
; hrd trjpfis Nkk;
,g;gb khR mile;j ePiuf; Fbg;gjhy; gLj;JtJ> fhy;tha; Kiwia
kQ;rs; fhkhiy> kNyhpah> fhyuh> xOq;FgLj;jp ePh; tPzhtijj;
ilgha;L Nghd;w guTk; Neha;fSk; jLg;gJ> nrhl;L ePh; ghrd Kiwia
Vw;gLfpd;wd. mwpKfg;gLj;Jjy; Nghd;w jpl;lq;
fshy; ePiug; ghJfhj;J ed;
jpUg;G+h; kw;Wk; f&h; efuq;fspy; Kiwapy; gad;gLj;j KbAk;.
cs;s rhaj; njhopw;rhiyfspypUe;J
Vuhskhd fopTg; nghUl;fs; ejp ePhpy; xt;nthUtUk; jq;fs; tPlb
; y;
fyf;fpd;wd. md;whlk; kdpjh; kw;Wk; kioePh; Nrfhpg;G njhl;b itf;f
fhy;eilfshy; Fsk;> Vhpfs; nghpJk; Ntz;Lk;. ek; Kjy; czNt ePh;
khRgLfpd;wd. ,ijg;NghyNt efuq; jhd;> mjdhy; me;j ePiur; Rj;jkhd
fspy; ,Ue;J ntsptUk; rhf;filf; ghj;jpuj;jpy; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
fopTg; nghUs;fshYk; ejpePh; khr khjk; xU KiwahtJ ehk; Rw;wp
ilfpwJ. ,Uf;Fk; epyg;gug;igj; Jg;GwT
nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jr; nraiy
jLg;G eltbf;iffs;: ehk; njhlh;eJ; nra;J te;jhy;>
fhtphp Nghd;w ejpePhf
; spy; ek;ikr; Rw;wp ed;dN P u R+o;e;jpUf;Fk;.
Vw;gl;Ls;s khRghl;ilj; jLf;f
kf;fsplk; tpopg;Gzh;rr
; p Vw;gLj;j 
Ntz;Lk;.

cyfk; KOtjpYk; 70 rjtPjk; ePh;

tptrhaj;jpw;fhfTk;> 20 rjtPjk; ePh; j kp o wp Q h; m wp K f k;
njhopw;rhiyg; gzpfSf;fhfTk;> 10
rjtPj ePh; kdpj Efh;T fSf;fhfTk;
ftpkzp

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
tpbay; khj ,jo; - 18 12 Mf];l; 201
2010
 Kidth; kh. fhh;jj; pNfad;
jkpo;jJ
; iwj;jiyth; ftpkzp jkpo;> kiyahsk;>
Mq;fpyk; Mfpa %d;W nkhop
JUk;ngd nkype;j Njfk; Jyq;fpLk;
“JUk; fisAk; fw;wwpe;jth;. jkpo;nkhopf;
Fsph;ej
; ghh;it fy;ntl;L Muha;rr ; pahsh;> rpwe;j
,Uk;gpDk; typa cs;sk; ,dpaNt nrhw;nghopthsh;> eifr;Ritg;
nra;Ak; vz;zk; Ngr;rhsh; - vdg; gy Kfq;fSf;F
fUk;gpDk; ,dpa nrhw;fs;” chpikAilath;.
– vd;W ehkf;fy; nt.,uhkypq;fk;
gps;isahy; Gfog;gl;l ftpkzp Fkhp khtl;lk; jha;j;
Njrpf tpehafk; gps;isf;Ff; [_iy jkpofj;Jld; ,iza
khjk; 27-Mk; NjjpNahL 134 taJ ghLgl;lth;fspy; ftp kzpapd; gq;F
epiwtilfpwJ. kfj;jhdJ. gl;lk;>
gjtpfs; Njb te;jNghJk;
fd;dpahFkhp khtl;lk; mjid tpUk;ghky;
Nj&hpy; 1876 Mk; Mz;L Gd;difAld; xJf;fpj;
[{iy 27-Mk; Njjp ftpkzp js;spath;.
gpwe;jhh;.
jkpofk; nrd;id
jkJ 9 tajpy; je;ijia khfhzkhf ,Ue;jNghJ
,oe;jth;. jha; Mjpyl;Rkp ftpkzpia muritg; Gytuhf
mth;fshy; tsh;f;fg; ngw;whh;. 19- Mf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W khfhz
Mk; tajpy; mofk;ik tpUj;jk; Kjy;tuhf tpsq;fpa uh[h[p
ghbdhh;. vz;zpdhh;. ehQ;rpy; ehl;Lg; gFjpfs;
mg;NghJ jpUtpjhq;$h;
,dpa jkpopy; vtUk; tpsq;fg; rk];jhdj;jpd; fPo; te;jjhy;
ghly; ,aw;Wk; jpwk; ngw;wth;; mt;thW ftpkzpia muritg;
Foe;ijfSf;Nfw;wj; jkpo;g; ghf;fs; Gytuhf;Ftjpy; rpf;fy; ,Ue;jJ.
,aw;Wk; jpwkpf;fth;. mjw;fhfr; nrd;id khfhzj;jpd;
fPo; ,Ue;j ney;iy khtl;l
“Njhl;lj;jpy; NkAJ nts;isg;gR – vy;iyg; gFjpahd fhty; fpzW
mq;Nf mUNf 5 nrd;l; epyk; ftpkzpapd;
Js;spf; Fjpf;FJ fd;Wf; Fl;b – ngaUf;F thq;fp thp
vd;W Foe;ijfSf;fhfg; Kjypatw;iwf; ftpkzp ngahpy;
ghly;fis ,aw;wpAs;shh;. ,th;jk; mspj;jhy; NghJk;. mth; nrd;id
ftpijfs; Fwpj;J urpfkzp b.Nf.rp> khfhzj;ijr; Nrh;ej ; th;jhd; vd;W
Njrpa tpehafj;
“Njrpa tpehafj;jpd; ftpg;ngUik fUjp murit ftpQuhfr;
jpdKk; Nfl;gJ vd; nrtpg;ngUik”
gUik rpwg;gpf;fyhk; vd;W vOj;jhsh;
vdg; Gfo;eJ
; iuj;Js;shh;.
tpbay; khj ,jo; - 18 13 Mf];l; 201
2010
fy;fpAk; ftpkzpf;Ff; fbjk; vOjpdhh;. kq;ifauhfg; gpwg;gjw;Nf
“kq;
ey;y khjtk; nra;jply;
ply;
Mdhy;> ftpkzp ,jid xg;Gf; Ntz;Lkk;kh…..
h ..”
..
nfhs;stpy;iy. epyk; thq;Ftjw;fhd vd;W ngz;zpdk; rhh;e;J ghba
trjp> tha;gG; fs; cs;sd. Mdhy; ftpkzpiar; nrk;nkhopahk; jkpo;
gl;lk;> gjtpf;F ehd; jFjpAilatd; nkhopiag; Nghw;Wk; ,e;ehspy;
my;y vd;W kWj;Jtpl;lhh;. mNjhL epidT $h;Nthkhf.
mg;gjtpf;F ehkf;fy; nt.,uhkypq;fk;
ngaiu Kd;nkhope;jhh;. 

uh[h rh; Kj;ijah nrl;bah;
ghy; - rpy Fwpg;Gfs;

gp. re;JU
ftpkzpia mz;zhkiy gy;fiyf; ,sq;fiy fzpjk; (fzpdp)
fofj;jpd; rpwg;Gepiyg; Nguhrphpauhf ,uz;lhkhz;L
,Uf;f Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhh;.
o cyfpy; ghy; cw;gj;jpapy;
tUlj;jpw;F ,uz;L> %d;W nrhw;
Kjyplk; tfpf;Fk; ehL -
nghopTfs;> ,ytr tPL> khjk; 600
,e;jpah.
rk;gsk; vd;W $wpdhh; Kj;ijah
o xl;lfj;jpd; ghy; fwe;jTld;
nrl;bah;. Mdhy; ftpkzp mth;fs;
fl;bahfp tpLk;.
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tpbay; khj ,jo; - 18 14 Mf];l; 201

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tpbay; khj ,jo; - 18 15 Mf];l; 201

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tpbay; khj ,jo; - 18 17 Mf];l; 201

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tpbay; khj ,jo; - 18 19 Mf];l; 201

2010
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tpbay; khj ,jo; - 18 20 Mf];l; 201

2010