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BEHAVIOUR,
ITS NATURE AND SCOPE
Submitted By:
Maqsud Yamin Mazumder
Sangita Paul
Swatilekha Das
INTRODUCTION
An organization is a collection of people who work together to achieve individual and
organizational goals.
A consciously coordinated social unit composed of two or more people that function on
a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals. Organization
can be defined as ‘two or more people working together for achieving a common goal’.
Organizational behavior is the study and application of knowledge about how people
as individuals and as groups act within organizations. It can be defined as the
understanding, prediction and management of human behavior in the organization.
Organizational Behavior (OB) is a field of study that investigates the impact that
individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the
purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness.
Organizational behavior (OB) is the study of factors that affect how individuals and
groups act in organizations and how organizations manage their environments.
Understanding OB requires studying individuals in the organizations, group and team
processes and organizational processes. These are also the components of OB.
DEFINITIONS
Davis and Newstrom defined OB as “the study and application of knowledge how
people act or behave within organization. It is a human tool for human benefit. It
applies broadly to the behavior of people in all types of organizations such as business,
government, school and service organizations.”
According to Robbins, Ob is the field of study that investigates the impact that
individuals, groups and structure have on behavior within organizations for the purpose
of applying such knowledge towards improving an organization’s effectiveness.”
To sum up, OB is concerned with the study of how and what people act in
organizations and also how their acts affect the performance of the organization. It also
applies the knowledge gained about individuals, groups and the effect of structure on
human behavior in order to make organizations work more effectively.
NATURE OF OB
Organizational behavior has emerged as a separate field of study. The nature it has
acquired by now is identified as follows:
6. A total System Approach: The system approach is one that integrates all the
variables affecting organizational functioning. The system approach has been
developed by the behavioral scientists to analyse human behavior in view of
his/her socio-psychological framework.
CONTRIBUTING DISCIPLINES TO OB
OB is an applied behavioral science. It has drawn heavily from a number of other
applied interdisciplinary behavioral disciplines of psychology, sociology and
anthropology.
PSYCHOLOGY: The discipline that has the greatest influence on the field of OB is
psychology. Psychology is the science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes
change the behavior of humans and other animals. It is a science that focuses directly
on understanding and predicting individual behavior. Topics such as personality,
perception, attitude, opinion, lerning and motivation describe interpersonal aspects of
OB.
Group dynamics
Work teams
Communication
Power
Conflict
Intergroup behaviour
Sociology
Behavioural change
Attitude change
Social psychology Communication
Group processes
Group decision making
Organization
system
Comparative values
Comparative attitudes
Cross-cultural analysis
Anthropology
Organizational culture
Organizational environment
Conflict
Political science Intraorganizational politics
Power
SCOPE OF OB
OB is the study of human behavior at work in organizations. Accordingly the scope of
OB includes the study of individuals, groups and organization/structure. The aspects of
these three are –
1. Individuals: Organizations are the associations of individuals. Individuals
differ in many respects. The study of individuals, therefore, includes aspects as
personality, perception, attitudes, values, job satisfaction, learning and
motivation.
2. Groups of individuals: Groups include aspects such as group dynamics, group
conflicts, communication, leadership, power and politics and the like.
3. Organization structure: The study of organization/structure includes aspects
such as formation of organizational structure, culture and change and
development.
SUMMARY
OB is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and
structure have on behavior within an organization. It focuses on improving
productivity, reducing absenteeism and turnover, and increasing employee job
satisfaction and organizational commitment. It uses systematic study to improve
predictions of behavior. OB managers need to understand better and more about human
behavior than before to make organizations run effectively and efficiently.
For managing people, every organization follows an organizational behavior
system or framework, commonly called ‘model of OB’. Four models of OB are the
autocratic, custodial, supportive, and collegial are very popular. Under autocratic
model, managers use their power and authority, whereas employees become dependent
on organizations in case of custodial model. Supportive model supports employees and
collegial model inculcates teamwork feeling among employees in the organization.