MEC201

Mechanics of Solids

Vijay
Lecture 2

Vijay
Resultant of Forces
• Law of Parallelogram of forces:

Vijay
Resultant of Forces
• Triangle of forces of forces:

Vijay
Resolving a force

Vijay
 Force as a Vector
F = Fx i + Fy j Fy F

F = Fx i + Fy j + F z k
Fx
y Fx
x F = Fy
z Fz
Vijay
Addition of Forces

F1 = Fx1 i + Fy1 j

F2 = Fx2 i + Fy2 j

R = F1 + F 2 = (F1x + F2x)i + (F1y

+ F2y) j
Vijay
 Example

Rx  F1x  F2 x  0  F4 x
Ry  F1 y  F2 y  F3 y  F4 y
Vijay
Turning Effect of a Force: Moments

F
d

The tuning effect of a force is

measured by the moment Fd
Vijay
Moment/ Torque

Vijay
Moment is a Vector

F
●
r

M = r× F
Right-Hand Rule
Vijay
Example

Vijay
Determining Moments in 2D
• Right Hand Rule:

Vijay
Equilibrium

Vijay
Equilibrium
• System does not accelerate
• Consequence of first law

No net force.

Vijay
 Is That Enough?

It will rotate till the two forces are in line.

Vijay
Equilibrium

For a particle: ∑F = 0

For a rigid body: ∑F = 0, ∑M = 0

Vijay
Equilibrium
∑F = 0

∑ Fx = 0; ∑ Fy = 0; ∑ Fz = 0

∑M = 0

∑ Mx = 0; ∑ My = 0; ∑ Mz = 0

Vijay
Free-body Diagrams

Vijay
Free-Body Diagrams (FBD)
• A free-body diagram of a structure or a part of
the structure removed from its support.
• It shows all the (external) forces acting on that
part of the structure.
• The supports are replaced by the forces that the
supports apply on the structure.

Vijay
Free-Body Diagram (FBD)

Vijay
Free-Body Diagrams (FBD)...
Tension in the rope ??
T

T=W

W
Vijay
 Free-Body Diagrams (FBD)...

250 N 250 N 300 N ?N 250 N 300 N

∑F = 0 ? = 250 N

Vijay
 Free-Body Diagrams (FBD)...

Tension ?

T
250 N 250 N 300 N
T = 800 N
Vijay
Lifting Pulley Block
T
TT
T T = W/4
Mechanical
Advantage

W
Vijay