Outline

• Overview of Leukocytes
Blood: • Types of Leukocytes
Leukocytes • White Blood Cell count
• Leukocyte Disorders
11/6/09

Leukocytes Types of leukocytes

White Blood Cells (WBCs)
Granulocytes Agranulocytes
• <1% blood volume Plasma
- contain granules - lack visible granules
Buffy coat

4800 - 10800 WBCs/mm 3 of blood Formed

Erythrocytes elements
- spherical, with lobed - spherical or kidney-
• Complete cells nuclei shaped nuclei
• Defense against disease
Neutrophils (50-70%) Lymphocytes (25-45%)
• Diapedesis: leave capillary blood vessels
Eosinophils (2-4%) Monocytes (3-8%)
– Positive chemotaxis
Basophils (0.5-1%)

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 Types of leukocytes Types of leukocytes
• Granulocytes • Agranulocytes
– Neutrophils: polymorphonuclear, first to arrive, – Lymphocytes: immunity, T cells, B cells  antibodies
fight bacteria and fungi – Monocytes: macrophages (phagocytic), activate
– Eosinofils: bilobed, fight parasitic worms lympocytes
– Basophils: U or S nucleus, release histamine

Lymphocyte Monocyte Fig. 7.10

Neutrophil Eosinofil Basophil Fig. 7.10
(Round nucleus) (U, kidney-bean nucleus)

White Blood Cell Count Leukocyte Disorders

• 4800-10,800 WBCs/mm3 of blood
• Leukocytosis: >11,000 cells/mm3,
homeostatic response to body infection
Differential white blood cell count
• Number of each type of cell in a sample of 100 WBCs
• Helps diagnose a condition/disorder
• Leukemia
– Cancer, abnormal WBCs produced too rapidly
– Cause: unknown
– Symptoms: immune system impaired, anemia,
bleeding, fever, weight loss, bone pain
– Acute (quickly advancing): blast cell
– Chronic (slowly advancing): later stage cell

Abnormal
WBCs Acute leukemia
Fig. 7.9

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 Leukocyte Disorders Summary
• Infectious Mononucleosis
• Leukocytes mobilize to defend against disease
– Excessive amount of atypical agranulocytes
and thus are able to leave capillaries.
– Cause: Epstein-Barr virus
• Leukocytes can be granulocytes or
– Symptoms: tired, achy, sore throat, fever
agranulocytes.
• The differential WBC count can indicate an
individual’s condition.
• Irregular production of leukocytes can result in
disorders.
Atypical agranulocytes

Next time

Blood clotting and blood type

Cardiac Structure and function