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n Is a descriptive-interpretive
mental model of the universe
and its phenomena
n
n It encompasses beliefs about
various fundamental matters,
such as what things are real
and what are illusory in the
world
n The origins, natures, and destinies (if
any) of things that exist
n The primary forces at work in the
world
n This the way how human life ought to
be lived
n Helps its subscribers find meaning in
otherwise unbearable suffering,
give directions to their lives, and
spur them to overcome opposing
forces
The Scientific Revolution and the
Rise of a Mechanistic World
n First great influence of S&T is
the scientific revolution of 17th
century. According to works of
P.M. Harman:
n By around 1700, educated men
conceived the universe as a
mechanical structure like a
clock, the earth was regarded
as a planet revolving around
the sun, and the mysteries of
nature were supposed to be
open to investigation by
means of experimentation and
mathematical analysis.
-to be continued
n These new attitudes to the natural
world contrast strikingly with the
traditional conception of nature:
that the earth was immobile and
the center of the cosmos, the
cosmos itself being envisaged as a
structure of crystalline spheres
enveloping the central earth like
the layers of an onion; nature was
conceived as a living organism, a
connected structure linked by a
web of hidden active powers.
n However, advances of science
two centuries later posed new
challenges to the revised
world views of educated
religious believers. Advances
in paleontology and geology in
the nineteenth century. This is
supported by Darwin’s and
Freud’s theory.5
n The conflicts of continuous
developments of science and
technology lead for beliefs to
be regarded as problematic if
not incredible, this is the stand
the Western intellectuals are
taking.
Technology and Science in the
19th Century
-> turning point
n Science based industries
l Coal tar dye manufacture
l Electrical power generation
n Werner Heisenberg
– indeterminacy of position and
momentum of single subatomic
particle.
Abstract Science – Rapid
Technological Change and
Contemporary World Views
n Big Bang Theory
n Hunting and gathering of native
American tribes
n Judeo-Christian tradition
l “Godthe Father” & “wrathful
Jehovah”
n Bows and arrows to being
agriculturized and
industrialized
Happiness
What is idea?
What is ideal?
Idea of Progress
Continued improvement in
knowledge of the environment of
man in the natural sciences, and
more recently in technology
derived from them.
Technological improvement will
lead in the future to
improvement in the material
conditions of life.
n 16th century
Growing awareness of a
number of impressive recent
inventions and advances in
technology and science
>wedding of gunpowder and
improved cannon
>the invention of printing with
movable type
>improved sails
n 18th century
General improvement in
social and political life.
n 20th century
Wedding of science and
technology in the field of
weaponry
The modern
Sociotechnical Stage
The stage was set for the emergence of s new
kind of technical professional:the indusrial or
efficiency engineer.