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kn.sI. A_vZpÃ
IpSÂame kw`hw
a¡bnse PohnXIme¯v IAv_bpsS kao]¯ph¨v {]hmNI³ AÃmlphn\pap¼nÂ
kmãmwKw {]mÀYn¨psImWvSncn¡pt¼mÄ, {]hmNIs\bpw hnizmknIsfbpw
AhaXn¡m³thWvSn Jpssdin {]amWnamcpsS t\XrXz¯n XncpZqXcpsS Igp¯nÂ
H«I¯nsâ Noªfnª IpSÂamebn« kw`hw hfs¨mSn¡s¸Sp¶p.
\akvIcn¡p¶ {]hmNIsâ ]ncSnbnen« IpSÂameIfpsS `mcw ImcWw kpPqZn \n¶v
Fgpt¶Â¡m³ h¿msX hnjan¡pt¼mÄ AXpt\m¡n BÀ¯pNncn¡pIbmbncp¶p
A_qPl AS¡apÅ Jpssdin¡q«w. {]hmNI]p{Xn ^m¯na (d)bmWv
Agps¡Sp¯pamänbXv. CXp sNbvXhÀ¡p a¡mhnPb\mfn {]hmNI³ am¸p\ÂInsb¶
]pXnb IsWvS¯Â Ct¸mÄ hÃmsX Noªp\mdp¶pWvSv. ^m¯na (d) IpSÂameIÄ
FSp¯pamänb tijw i{Xp¡Ä¡pap¼nte¡p sN¶p No¯hnfn¨Xmbpw A_p _JvXcn
F¶bmÄ A_qPlensâ Xebv¡p {]lcn¨Xmbpw Ncn{X¯nepWvSv.
am{XaÃ, Cu ]cnlmk¯n GÀs¸«hÀs¡Ãmw A]am\Icamb \miapWvSmhm³
{]hmNI³ AhnsSh¨pXs¶ {]mÀYn¨ncp¶p. B A{IankwL¯nse Bcpw a¡mhnPbw
hsc Pohn¨nÃ. IpSÂame {]hmNIsâ Igp¯n C« DJv_ C_v\p A_q apsFXv HgnsI
t\XrXzw sImSp¯ A_qPleS¡w FÃmhcpw _ZvÀ bp²¯n hnizmknIfpsS ssIIfmÂ
sImÃs¸«p. _ZvÀbp²¯n ]nSn¡s¸« 70 bp²¯ShpImcn cWvSpt]sc {]hmNI³
amänh¨p. _m¡nbpÅhsc D]m[nItfmsS shdpsX hn«p. amänhbv¡s¸« cWvSpt]cpw
{]hmNIs\ hyàn]cambn t{Zmln¡pIbpw kaql¯n Ipg¸apWvSm¡pIbpw
sNbvXhcmbncp¶p. `cWIqS¯ns\Xntcbmbncp¶nÃ, {]hmNI\pw
Ckveman\psaXntcbmbncp¶p AhcpsS t{Zmlw. AhcnsemcmÄ IpSÂame kw`h¯nse
hnó DJv_ C_v\p A_q apsFXv. AbmÄ sNbvXncp¶ \oNamb t{Zmlw FSp¯p]dªp
{]hmNI³ Abmsf h[in£bv¡p hn[n¨p. Xs¶ h[n¨m ]ns¶ a¡Ä¡v BcpWvSv F¶v
DJv_ thhemXn]qWvSt¸mÄ "\cIw' F¶mbncp¶p {]hmNIsâ adp]Sn. {]hmNI³
(k)bpsS \nÀtZi{]Imcw Bknap_v\p km_nXv (d) DJv_sb h[n¨p.
{]hmNI³ JpÀB³ kqà§fpambn BfpIsf kXy¯nte¡p £Wn¨t¸mÄ, {]hmNI³
kao]n¨ AtX BfpIfpsSbSp¡Â sN¶v t]Àjy³ bp²Imhy§fpsS `Þmcw s]m«n¨p
JpÀB³kqà§fpsS {]`bv¡p a§te¸n¡m\pÅ hn^e{iaw \S¯nbncp¶ \fvÀ _n³
lmcnkv Bbncp¶p amän\nÀ¯s¸« cWvSmas¯bmÄ. AbmfpsS Imhy§Ä¡v
JpÀB³kqà§sf a§te¸n¡m\pÅ Icps¯m¶papWvSmbncp¶nÃ. F¶mÂ, s]mXpth
kmlnXy{]nbcmbncp¶ a¡bnse Ad_nIfn Nnecnse¦nepw JpÀB\pw asämcp
kmlnXykrãnbmsW¶p tXm¶epWvSm¡n kXy¯nÂ\n¶p hgnsXän¡m\mbncp¶p \fvÀ
{ian¨Xv. {]hmNIsâ I¸\{]Imcw Abmfpw _ZvdnÂ\n¶p aS§p¶ hgnsb h[n¡s¸«p.
apl½Zv Jpfvcnt_¡nsâ \qdp bJo³, C_v\p Ikodnsâ A _nZmb h¶nlmb F¶o
Ncn{X{KÙ§fn Cu kw`h§Ä hniZambn ]dbp¶pWvSv.
XmC^pImÀ¡v am¸v
dkq Xncpta\n a¡bn Ckvemw {]Ncn¸n¡p¶ ImebfhnÂ, JpssdinIfpsS
i{XpXmat\m`mhhpw XnckvIcWhpw I\¯ph¶t¸mÄ kXyktµi¯nsâ kpKahpw
kpc£nXhpamb hfÀ¨bv¡v A\ptbmPyamb Øew tXSnbmWv _Ôp¡Ä IqSnbmb
XmC^pImcpsS ASp¡Â {]hmNIs\¯p¶Xv. AhÀ dkqens\ \ntj[n¡pI am{XaÃ,
]cnlkn¡pIbpw Ip«nIsf hn«p tZtlm]{Zhta¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. ItÃdpsImWvSv
XmC^n \n¶paS§p¶ hgnbn XfÀ¶ncn¡pt¼mÄ, {]hmNI³ Dt±in¡p¶psh¦nÂ
D]{Zhn¨hsc in£n¡m³ A\paXntXSn Xs¶ kao]n¨ amemJbpambn \S¯nb
kw`mjWw {]kn²amWv. IsÃdnªv HmSn¨hcpsS ]n³Xeapd hnizmknIfmbncn¡psa¶
[z\n {]hmNIsâ {]XnIcW¯n ImWmw. {]hmNI\v AÃmlp \ÂInb {]tXyIamb
Adnhmbncn¡paXv. AtXmsSm¸w, {]t_m[IÀ Nnebhkc§fn ]peÀt¯WvS
kwkvImchpw Cu kw`h¯neqsS ]Tn¸n ¡p¶p. F¶mÂ, kmaqlnIi{XpX
]peÀ¯p¶hÀs¡Xntc F¶pw kzoIcnt¡WvS s]mXp \ne]mSmbn AXns\ AÃmlpthm
{]hmNIt\m FSp¯pIm«nbn«nÃ. a¡mhnPbtijw lnPvd F«mwhÀjw CtX
XmC^pImÀs¡Xntc {]hmNI³ ]S\o¡w \S¯n. JmenZv_v\p heoZnsâ t\XrXz¯n Hcp
h³ ssk\yw XmC^pImsc AhcpsS tIm«bv¡I¯v Znhk§tfmfw D]tcm[n¨p. cq£amb
t]mcm«hpw \S¶p. {]hmNI³ Xs¶ AhcpsS tIm«bv¡pt\sc ]oc¦nt]mepÅ "a³P\oJv'
F¶ Bbp[w Øm]n¨v Akv{XhÀjw \S¯n.
apkvenwIfpsS `mK¯p\n¶v D]tcm[apWvSmbm Hcp hÀjt¯¡pthWvS FÃm
IcpXepIfpw XmC^pImcpsS tIm«bv¡I¯v DWvSmbncp¶p. Znhk§Ä \oWvS
D]tcm[¯n\ptijhpw 12 t]À càkm£nIfmbn«pw t]mcm«w XpSÀ¶ {]hmNIsâbpw
apkvenwssk\y¯nsâbpw \nÝbZmÀVy¯n\pap¶n i{Xp¡Ä ]Xdn. IogS§p¶hÀ¡p
kpc£nXXzw hmKvZm\w sNbvXt¸mÄ Ahcnse Icp¯cmb t]mcmfnIfn ]ecpw IogS§n.
C\n XmC^pImcpsS ieyw DWvSmhnsöv Dd¸ph¶ tijamWv {]hmNI³ t]mcm«w
aXnbm¡n Xncn¨pt]mbXv.
Cu kackwLw aZo\bnse¯nbt¸mgmWv k^ebm{X Ignªph¶mepÅ {]tXyI {]mÀY\
{]hmNI³ A\pNcsc ]Tn¸n¨Xv (apkvenw). Cu ]S\o¡¯n\ptijamWv XmC^pImÀ
Ckvemante¡phcp¶Xv. {]hmNIZuXy¯nsâ {]mcw`Ime¯v kXyw a\ÊnemIm¯
XzmC^nse ]mc¼cyhmZnIÄ \S¯nbXmWv {]hmNIs\Xntc \SamSnb A]lmkyw.
Ahcn ]ecpw ]n¶oSv (lnPvd F«mw hÀjw \S¶ lpss\³, XzmC^v bp²§Ä¡p tijw)
CtX ktµi¯nsâ iàcmb hàm¡fmbn amdn. AhcpsS Cu amäs¯¡pdn¨p hyàamb
{]Xo£bpWvSmbncp¶psh¶p {]hmNIsâ \ne]mSpIfn \n¶p hyàambncp¶p. F¶n«pw
i{XpXm \o¡§Ä \S¯nb XzmC^pImÀ¡p t\sc {]hmNI³ ]S\o¡w \S¯n i{XpXsb
ASn¨aÀ¯n. XzmC^nse kz_Ôp¡Ä AndhnÃmbva aqeamWv Xs¶ t{Zmln¨sX¶p IqSn
]dªmWv {]hmNI³ AhÀ¡p am¸p sImSp¯Xv. XzmC^pImcpsS Imcy¯n {]hmNI³
cWvSp \ne]mSpIÄ FSp¯n«pWvSv. cWvSpw {]hmNINcn{X¯nse Xnf§p¶ A[ymb§Ä.
AXn H¶mas¯ \ne]mSp am{Xw ]cmaÀin¨p {]XnkÔnL«§fn DÄhenbp¶hÀ
lnµpXz^mjnÌpIÄ \S¯nb KpPdm¯v hwilXyt]mepÅ apkvenw D·qe\{ia§sf
\ymboIcn¡p¶nS¯mWv Ct¸mÄ F¯n \n¡p¶Xv.
PqXs¸¬sImSnbpsS N¸pNhÀ
{]hmNIs\ F¶pw Xp¸pItbm N¸pNhÀ FdnbpItbm sNbvXncp¶ Hcp
PqXs¸¬sImSnbpsS sI«pIY Nne tImWpIfnÂ\n¶p hym]Iambn {]Ncn¡s¸Sp¶p.
B[nImcnI Ncn{X{KÙ§fnsem¶panÃm¯ Cu IYbv¡v [mcmfw BkzmZIcpapWvSv. F¶pw
\S¶pt]mhpt¼mÄ XncpZqXÀ¡p t\sc N¸pNhdpIÄ Fdnªncp¶, Xp¸nbncp¶ Hcp
PqXs¸¬sImSn DWvSmbncp¶psh¶pw Øncambn Xsâ icoc¯n hoWncp¶ N¸pNhÀ
Hcp Znhkw hcmXmbt¸mÄ {]hmNI³ Ahsf At\zjns¨¶pw AhÄ¡v
tcmKamsW¶ptI«t¸mÄ DSs\ At§m«pt]msb¶papÅ IZ\IY daZm³ {]`mjW§fnepw
am¸pkmlnXy§fnepw \ndªp\n¡p¶p. A§s\mcp kw`hw, {]hmNIsâ Ncn{Xw
tcJs¸Sp¯nb GsX¦nepw B[nImcnI t{kmXÊpIfn ImWp¶nÃ. Nne efnXtNmZy§Ä
kzbw tNmZn¨pt\m¡nbm¯s¶ Cu s]¬sImSn¡Y kmam\y_p²n¡p \nc¡m¯
sI«pIYbmsW¶p t_m[ys¸Spw. a¡bnembncpt¶m Cu Nhtddp \S¶Xv? a¡bnÂ
{]hmNIs\ t{Zmln¡m³ PqX·mÀ DWvSmbncp¶nÃ. C\n aZo\bn h¨mbncps¶¦nÂ
{]hmNI³ s]¬sImSnbpsS Xp¸v / Nhtddp sImÅm³ F¶pw FhnsS\n¶v Ft§m«mWp
t]mbncp¶Xv?
]Ånbmbncp¶p Xncpta\nbpsS tI{µw. ]Ånbn InS¶p Xe\o«nh¨m ho«n Ccn¡p¶
{]hmNI]Xv\n¡p apSn NoIns¡mSp¡m³ Ignbp¶{X ASp¯mbncp¶p hoSpw. C\n F¶pw
t]mhp¶ GtXm hgn¡mbncp¶p Cu A`ntjIw F¶p k¦Â¸n¡pI, F¦n {]hmNIs\
F¶pw Xp¸m³, NhÀ Fdnbm³ Cu PqXs¸¬sImSnsb klm_nIÄ A\phZn¨ncpt¶m?þ
Ft¸mgpw {]hmNIsâ IqsS Hcp tkhIs\t¸mse DWvSmbncp¶n«pw acn¨pt]mbmÂ
{]hmNIsâ kmao]yw \ãs¸Spsa¶p`b¶v Nn¯{`aw ]nSn¨ Xu_m\pw kz´w
Poht\¡mÄ {]hmNIsâ Poh\pw PohnX¯n\pw hneI¸n¨ A_q_¡dpw Dadpw
AenbpsaÃmw AS§p¶ klm_nIÄ? ASp¯Imew hsc tI«ncp¶ "sNdnb PnlmZv
Spþhenb PnlmZv' lZokv t]msebmWv PqXs]¬sImSn IYbpw. B lZokv hymPamsW¶p
\nkzmÀY\mb Hcp ]ÞnX³ Xsâ kwLS\mPnlzbn Xpds¶gpXnbXn\ptijhpw
anw_dpIfn \n¶Xp hoWvSpw tIÄ¡p¶pWvSv.
hmtfm§nbh\p am¸v
{]hmNI³ (k) A\pNc·mtcmsSm¯v "ZmXpcnJm' bp²wIgnªp aS§nhcpIbmbncp¶p.
hgnat[y AhÀ hn{ian¡m\mbn Hcp Øe¯p X§n. A\pNccn \n¶v A¸w
AIsebmbn Hcp ac¨ph«n {]hmNI³ InS¶p. Xsâ hmÄ acs¡m¼n Xq¡nbn«ncp¶p.
_ZhnIfnÂs¸« Hcp _lpssZhmcm[I³ ]Xp§nh¶p {]hmNIsâ hmsfSp¯p. Dd¡nÂ
\n¶pWÀ¶ {]hmNIt\mSbmÄ tNmZn¨p: ""\n\¡v `baptWvSm?'' Csöp {]hmNI³ adp]Sn
]dªt¸mÄ, AbmÄ: ""F¦n F¶nÂ\n¶p \ns¶ BcmWnt¸mÄ c£n¡pI?'' ""AÃmlp''.
{]hmNIsâ adp]SntI« AbmÄ sR«n, hmÄ Xmsg hoWp. AXp ssIbnseSp¯p {]hmNI³
Xncn¨ptNmZn¨p: ""F¶nÂ\n¶p \ns¶ BcmWp c£n¡pI?'' AbmÄ t]Sn¨psImWvSv
]dªp: ""Xm¦Ä hmÄ FSp¯hcn D¯a\tÃm''. {]hmNI³: ""F¦nÂ, AÃmlphÃmsX
Bcm[y\nsöpw Rm³ AÃmlphnsâ ZqX\msW¶pw hnizkn¨p {]Jym]n¡mtam?''
AbmÄ: ""CÃ, ]t£, Xm¦fpambn Rm³ Hcn¡epw i{XpXbv¡p hcnsöpw i{XpX
]peÀ¯p¶hcpsS `mKw tNcnsöpw Dd¸pXcmw.'' B Dd¸n {]hmNI³ Abmsf
shdpsXhn«p. cnbmZpÊmenlo³, _pJmcn XpS§n an¡ lZokv {KÙ§fnepw Cu
kw`hapWvSv. AÃmlp P\§fnÂ\n¶p Xm¦sf c£n¡pw (5: 67) F¶ JpÀB³kqàw Cu
kmlNcy¯nemWv AhXcn¨sX¶pw AtXmsS X\n¡p kpc£bpambn IqsS DWvSmbncp¶
A\pNcsc {]hmNI³ B tPmenbn \n¶p amän\nÀ¯nsb¶pwIqSn CXnsâ
hniZmwi§fn ImWp¶p.
{]hmNI\pw A\pbmbnIfpw Hcp kaqlt¯mSpÅ bp²w Ignªphcpt¼mgmWv Cu
kw`hw. AÃmlp F¶p tI«t¸mtg¡pw `b¶pt]mbhsâ a\Èmkv{Xw BÀ¡mWp
a\Ênemhm¯Xv? i{XpX ]peÀ¯nsöv Dd¸psImSp¯ NInXs\ shdpsXhn« {]hmNIsâ
alma\kvIXsb, i{XpX DuXn¡¯n¡m³ {ian¡p¶Xns\Xntc \nÊwKcmbncn¡m\pÅ
sXfnhmbn Nn{XoIcn¡p¶Xv F{X A]lmkyw. n
(Ahkm\n¡p¶nÃ)