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1 stress^n飞 always bad.A stress researcher Hans setye(SEL-yay)(1970obseⅣ ed,
‘ ”
tΓ o be totally without stress“ to be dead。 Stress is the menta1ε md phys允 al
coh西ton伍 at occurs when a person must a内 ust or adapt to the en"ronment.
Unpleasant events such as wOrk pressllres,manta1problems,or financial、 voes
na饨 rally produce stress.But so do travel sports,a new Job,mountain cⅡ mung,
‘ dating,and other pos“ ive actiⅤ “ies。 EⅤ en if you aren’ tatⅢ 11seeker,a hea1tby
hfestyle may inchde a fair amo讪 t of eustress毽 ood stress)。 Eustress can be
“good s订 ess” are usua11y experienced as
energizing, Activ⒒ ies that provoke
cha11enging and rewarding。
<丿
surge in your heartrate,b1ood pressure,respratioⅡ and muscle tension. Sho⒒ -te.Ⅱ I
stresses of曲 nd can bel】 ncomfortable,but山 ey rarely d9any damage.Pol忆 e
^Ⅱo伍 er hand,sufFer from a high rate of stress-related山 seases.The
。mcers,。 n the
threat of i刂 ury or death,phs occasi(冫 nal confrontati(冫 ns With dmnk or be11iI苔 erent
citizens,tε 凵os a to11.Am苟 or factor here is tlle unpredictab1e namre ofpolice work。
k】
An。 fncer who stops someone to issue a traⅢ c ticket never knoWsifa cooper龃ve 20
otizen or an ar1ned gang member k w缸ting in伍 ec趾
3 A study done witll rats shows how unpredLctable events add to stress.Rats
in one gTOup were gheⅡ shocks prcceded by a w叮 血ng tone.A seGOnd group
got shocks w⒒ hOut warning. The dlird group received no shocks,but heard伍 e
tone.After a few weeks,伍 e anhnals that received unpredictable shocks had seⅤ ere 25
stomach ulcers。 Those giⅤen predictab1e shocks showed little or nO u1ceration.The
lucky group that receiⅤ ed no shocks also had no u1cers(Weiss,1972).
E阴 o矽 氵
o刀 砑 g刀s
Anx忆 ty `S氵
Apathy
IⅡ tabⅡ ty
ˇΙenta1fatigue
B已助c历 绷 昭 眵 s
Avoidanc。 `s讠and re1atioⅡ ship
ofresponsibiⅡ ties
Ex饣 eme or suicidal behaviOur
sclf-neglect
Poorjudgment
Paysicσ gns
ExcessiⅤ e wOrry about Ⅱ`s讠
lness
Frequent Ⅱlness
Exhaustion
Overuse ofrnedic1nes
Physical ailmen“ and∞ mph血 s
(DOctor&Docto△ 1994)
800/3/M
*This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL untⅡ thetest o oⅤ e⒈ CONFIDENTIAL*
CONFIDENTIAL*
8伍 Ed.UsA∶ Wadsworth。 )
A Tme
B False
C Notstated
A Tme
B Fdse
C Notstated
A Tme
B False
C Notstated
Accor蕊Ⅱg to1he table,physical signs ofs饣 ess are the rnost se∏ ous.
A Tme
B Faloe
C Notstated
A police omcer st。 pping sozneone to^sue a tramc住 cket泌 likely to be az1xious.
A Tme
B False
C Notstated
A Tme ,
B False
C Notstated
A Tme
B False
C Notstated
4 These fo.I【 ェ
ulaic stores focused on what∞ uld be moved rapidly wi由 out any 25
attendon to whe山 er thoy had a balance represented on1heir she1ves。 Asked once
where伍 e books by伍ei硐uentia1psychoanalyst⒐ nd Freud∞ u1d be found,
grnl】
“
aB.Dalton store rnanager answered∶ hhh, Id1ink we had one once,” The new
cⅡ teⅡ a was not1iterary or '凵
en1ighte11ment but、 vhat products could be rnoved。 The
goa⒈ fast inventory tumove⒈ 30
5 VVhatever their deficiencies, maⅡ stores sold a lot of books-ˉ and it hurt
the independents。 In fac1by 1995,independent stores,which once do1ninated
AmeⅡ can book-se11ing,accounted for only21.4per cent of sales.
6 superst① res.Market-dr卜 en book retaⅡ ing entered a new dimen⒍ on,literallb
Ⅵ注d1staⅡ d-a1one super bookstores in the1990s.BamesandNob1e,Crown,Borders 35
and]3ooks-a-MⅡ 1ion bui1t900ofthe humungous stores,some bigger than grocery
supeIⅡ larkets and stocking180000titles。 The superstores do rnore than seⅡ books.
Part of the△ appeal has been to become a commuⅡ ty center of sorts,with cafes,
lectures,cⅡ ldren’ s programmes and poetry readings.The best neWs,though,o
that、 碲 h gigantic inventories,superstores have Freud in stock— an improvement 40
over the rna11stores,
800/3/M
*This quesu。 n paperis CONFIDENTIAL vmtilthe testis ove⒈ CONFIDENTIAL*
CONFIDENTIAL*
8 Before rna11stores came into existeⅡ ce,book-se11ing was doⅡ 1inated by individua1businesses∶
A Tme
B False
C NOtstated
A Tme
B Fa1se
C Notstated
A Tme
B Fa1se
C Notstated
”
11 ∷〃乃乃屁,r砀 切庀w纟 尼曰 刀co刀 c召 (linρ 2θ .TⅡ s suggests thatthe book k
'ε
A not discoumted
12Mrs.Tan wants her children to read and also e刂 oy food and video shows in山 e same place。
She wou1d patronise
C ama11store
13 Bo@庀 @“ rp“ 豸o″ 纟昭c彐 s笏 昭 q厂曰c叨 Jr,昭 &g〃 曰Jf仍 s涕 田臼 es5o and51).The h∞pl允 乩ion of
th“ statement“ 'fliⅡ
80O/3/M rrurⅡ ①
ver
*This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL untilthe test“ ove⒈ cONFmENTIAL*
cONFmENⅡ AL艹
∷
1仁 抵 螂 deaofthejassageishow I ∷ ∷ i
- : ∷ ・∶ ∷~ ∶
= ∶ ∶
¨ AⅡ 咚 se1hgh晖 :ohanged
∷
oveF伽 睥△ ¨ i.∷ ∴
B superstoreo haVo do血 inatedthe b° ok retali mafket Ⅱˉ ^
∷
⒃0/3/M∷
艹 谗豳讪ipmerh cONFmlENTm山 血I艋 test态 觚
Thi宙 黾 ~l∷ ∶ cONHDENT【 AL艹
CONFIDENTIAL*
`J。
4 “Pcople are asked how often durhg the past week they e死 Oyed Ⅱ fe,were
happy,fclt hopenⅡ ab。 utthe nture and fc⒒ just as good as othcr people,’ ’Fowler
said.
5 The60per cent ofpeople who scored high1y on aⅡ four questiOns were rated
as happy,whⅡ e the rest were designated unhappy. Peop1c wid△ the most soCia1 20
connections— —岔忆nds,spouses,neighbol】 rs,relatiⅤ es were also the happies1the
“
data showed. Each additiona1happy person rnakes you happier,” ChⅡ s仅珏os said.
“
6 Imagine thatI anl connected tO you and you are connected to others and others
are connected to stⅢ others.It k tho fabr忆 ofhumani11∶ o`I,lke an Amer忆 an patch
quⅡ t,” 25
7 Each persOn sits on a different-coloured patch. “
Imagine that these patches are
happy and unhappy patches. Yol】 r happiness depends on whatis going on in the
patch around you,” christakis s缸 d。
8 ‘
叮t isnot just happy peop1e connecting Ⅵ 砬 th happy pcOple,which they do.
Above and beyond,there is this coⅡ tagious process going On。 ” 30
9 And happiness is Fnore contagious than unhappiness,they discovered.
“
10 If a socia1contact is happy,it increases thc1ikeⅡ hood that you are happy for
by15per cent,” Fow,ler said. ‘ 勹廴iiend ofa Ⅱ end,orthe mend。 f a spouse Or a
sibⅡ ng,ifthey are happy,increases your chances by10per cent” he added.
11 A happy thLd-degree fr忆 nd——the fr忆 nd Ofa mend。 fa i忆 nd— ˉ
increases a 35
person’ s chances ofbeing happy by six per cent.
‘
‘
12 But eⅤ ery extra unhappy fⅡ end increases the ⅡkeⅡhood that you’ 11be unhappy
by seven per ce酞,” Fowler said. The finding is interesung but it is usefu1too,
Fowler said,
“
13 Anlong other benefits,happinQss has been shown to have an important efFect 40
on reduccd mOrtal∶ 1y pah rcducton,and improved c盯dac functon,So be仇 er
understanding of how happiness spreads can hclp us leam how to promote a
”
healthier sOcie吖、 he said.
14 The study also nts in with o伍 er data suggested in1984,that having Us$5000
extra increased a person、 ohances ofbecoming happier by abouttwo per cent。 45
“ ’
15 Ahappy n吐 end is worth about US$20000,’ said CⅢ stakis whoseteam o also
eXaⅡ 1ining the spread ofdepression,loneⅡ ness and dnr山 ong behavio⒒
9彻 歹(line⑴
ⅡI‘ Ⅱ
IⅤ co刀 刀ε
c勿 歹αhe匀
A IandⅡ
B IandIV
C Ⅱ amdⅡ I
A ⒒灬 1inked to obeslty
q`s勿〃
17 The expres⒍ on召 〃o∫ 汩刀 pede(Ⅱ ne7)gives the idea of
A ObseⅣ ations
B Experiments
C SlIrveys
A 。pum。 m
B ambijous
C self-esteem
800/3/M
艹This quesu° n paperis CONFIDENTIAL untilthe test跽 ove⒈ CONFIDENTIAL艹
C0NFDENTIAL△ 9
21The foⅡ o吲 汔mg statements∷ about happy Ⅲ曲ds are锨 exc0pt
A they are姒 celess¨
B thcy are“ mcult“ nnd
C they“ 吨 “more mends ∶
800/3/M |
艹劢 i cOH烈
必 咖 囟扔 n paF is CONFIE 9ENTIAL俪 萜 诋 “碱 黯 藩
CONFIDENTIAL* 10
800/3/M
*Thh question paperis CONFIDENTIAL untilthe testis Ove⒈ CONFIDENTIAL*
CONFIDENTIAL*
a∞ mw血 eriⅡ a sma11er market伍 an have to“ art as a seCretary at a New York
agency,Id匝 nk the agencies want someone who shows creativio1who has a strong
personali饥 who isn’ ta△缸d to take risks.”
“
11 Then yow resum6needs to do that. And it can. You’ re coⅡ1ing across as
a self-starte△a prOblem solve⒈ When you actually wⅡ te your吒 sumo,use the 50
language of your neld, ProbleⅡ 1so1ver is a pos⒒ iⅤ e teIⅡ I in most nelds,but it
may orrnay not be right£ or adve⒒ ising。 GiⅤen what you’ ve done,you cou1d have
headings for WRITING EXPERIENCE, CREATING ADⅤ ERTISEMENTs,
PLANNING PROMOTIoNAL CANIPAIGNs,RESEARCH,and sPEAKING,
wⅡh a1ist ofitems under cach one. Ⅱ 55
“
12 Your rosumo is going to make you1ook quaⅡ fied. IⅡ ghly quaⅡ Iied.other
students are going to rcad it and say,‘ Butshe has done so much. I haⅤ en’ t done
anything.’ They’ re going to fec1justthe way you felt when you said you hadh’ t
done much in the last four years, ]But you have done a1ot. You’ 111ook great in
your resumo. Anyone can,who understands the optioⅡ s and who puts in the ume 60
and energy.”
13 Ofco1Ⅱ se,A11yson sti11had to tinker with headⅡ gs,deode what det缸 lsto use,
and cxperi1nent with1ayout and spacing.
(Adapted from Locke△ K.O.2006。 BcJsj刀 6s夕 刀歹 为彳加1沁 rrcr” ε∞ ″″m“ n讠cGrjo刀 .
'‘ed.New
7伍 York∶ McGraw HⅢ 。
)
A iⅡ elevant
B insumc1ent
C Lteplaceable
24 The ins饣uctor was impressed w⒒ hA11yson’ s achievement at the resta刂 ant because
A the instmctor can relate to the expeⅡ ence
25%s仍 ″氵
vc肋 纟c笏 莎
(line4⑴ means
A tobese1ected
B tobe i11terv忆 wed
C to be recoⅡ vncnded
cONFmENTIAL+ 12
B Liso刂 e。 讨ve :
ˉ
C "has appe耐
咖 :・
`硼
I If it seems like disastcrs are ge钆 ing morc col1mon,it’ s because they are。 But
some disasters do seem to be affecting us worse-ˉ and not forthe reasons you rnay
think. F1oods and sto.Ⅱ Is haⅤ e led to mOst ofthe excess damage∶ :Γ he number of
且ood and storm disasters has gone up by7,4per cent evcry year in recent decades,
aCCording to伍 e Centrc for Research on the E五 dem0logy of Disasters。 Of the 5
tota1197Π 1i11ion peop1e aσ ected by disasters in2007,164Ⅱ 1i11ion were affected
by且 oods.
2 It is tempthg to look at伍 e Ⅱnc-up of stO1… s in the Atlant忆 (Hanna,Ike,
JoscphinΘ and blame c1imε 1te change for thk虬 ate of afairs。 But thcre o another
inconⅤenient缸uth out there∶ We are gc⒒ ing more vu1nerable to wea伍 er most1y 10
becausc ofwhere we1ive,notjust how we live.
3 In recent decades,peop1e around the world haⅤ e moⅤ ed en massc to big cities
near wate⒈ The population ofbΙ iami-Dade County in F1oⅡ da was about150000
in the1930s,a decade fraught、 vith severe hur【 △canes. since1hen,the popu1ation
of⒈压iaⅡ 1i-Dade County has rocketed1600per cent to2400000, So伍 e same 15
intens⒒ y hurrlcane today wrcaks a11sorts Of havoc that wOuldn’ t have occt】 rred
had human beings notrnigratcd.
7 Butthe rnostinsidious efect ofbuⅡ ding condos and industry along the wateris
that we are systematica11ys缸 pping the coasts ofthe protection that used to℃ ushion
the blow ofextreme weathe⒈ Three years aacr Kh缸 na,southe∏ 1Louisiana is sti11
1osing a footba11field worth ofwetlands eⅤ ery38Ⅱ1inutes. 40
“
8 Human beings haⅤ e been cleaong away our best protections a11over the
’
world,’ says Kath1een Tiemey,d“ ector of the Na仉 ral Hazards Center at the
U山 er⒍ ty of Co1orado,“ The namral protectons are dimin灬 Ⅱ ng— whether
you’ re talking about mangrove forests h areas afFec饴 d oy the In山 an ocean
tsunan1i or wetlands in the Gu1f Coast or forests,which ofFer protection against 45
lands1ides and Fnuds1ides.”
31 .¨ 切ε
@刀 v纟 刀招刀
r rr,砀 αhe10)refers to
A Ⅱne-up of stoIⅡ Is
A the popuIaton OfMhm⒈ Dade County has hcreased largely due to migraton
B huJ忆 anes are stronger in inten⒍ ty and cause more destructon than befOre
C the huⅡ icanes h the193Os caused less damage伍 an the ones today
D hu口 Hcanes caused more des订 uCtion because ofrnass了nigration'
A the great ⅣⅡ盯ni stoIⅡ 1Caused rnore damages than HlIrncane Ka订 ina
800/3/⒈汪
*This questiOn paperis CONFIDENTIAL untilthe testis ove⒈ CONFIDENTIAL*
CONFIDENTIAL* 15
`c莎 `勿
D 1%ε 曰c肋 D哲 肋功〃 jc曰 刀0Cos沁 昭 o昭 仂 曰刀 砀 εD愆 @刀 召 Dc/o昭 丸 召※妫 c0刀 rro历 鳄 /or'矽 切 j@刀 .
36.¨ l〃 召c夕 刀 Jb s@阴 纟砀 J刀g日 3o″ r刀b沁 ”m.(1ines47and48).The wⅡ ter o of伍 e opiⅡ on that
``vD及
A man尔 responsble for仇 e losses caused by namra1山 sasters
B there are Fnore fo1Ⅱ 1s ofnatural disasters today
80O/3/M IturⅡ ①
ver
*Th柢 queston paper k CONFIDENTIAL u“
Ⅱ伍 e test跽 ov∝ CONFIDENTIAL丨
CONFIDENTIAL* 16
£冫狄万莎
莎@刀 s38ro453邵 纟歹o刀 砀cヵ J`@w莎 驾 s日g召 。
`邻
1 N。 u1ing1ike it had been attempted before,and eⅤ en NASAs experts wondered
if it could rea11y wOrk。 ]But after rnonitoⅡ ng the data,there was1itt1e doubt that
they had to do somethingˉ -or e1sc lose∞ ntact with their space probe foreve⒈
Launched in1977,Voyager1had sent back spectacular images of Jupiter and
Saturn and1hen soared out Ofthe sokr systen1on a oneˉ way Ⅱ1ission to the stars.
But after25years ofexposure to the frigid temperatures ofdeep space,the probe
was begi1Ⅱ1ing to show its age. Sensors and circuits were on the bⅡ nk of faiⅡ ng,
and with the probe 12500bi1Ⅱ on kilome饣 es from Earth there seemed no伍 ing
anyOne could do, Unless,that is,the NASA engineers cOuld sOmehow get a
message to Voyager1,instmcting itto dust ofsome spares and use those instead. 10
2 In ApⅡ 12002,one of曲 c huge ramo dshes be1onging to NAsAs Deep Space
Ne小 Ⅳork sent the message out into伍 e depths of space. Even订 aVe11ing at the
speed of lig⒒,it toOk OⅤ er11 hours to reach its targe1far beyond the orbit of
Pluto. Ye1the1itt1e probe managed to hear the ΩⅡnt ca11】 lona its home p1ane1
and success血 11y made the switch-oⅤ e⒈ It was the longest distance rep碰 r job 15
in Ⅱ story,and a“ umph forthe NASA en£ 雪 ineers.But⒒ also hi£ 当 h1圯⒒ed the
astonishing power of techniques develOped by an Arne"can communiCations
engineerwhohad diedjustayearearlier,named C1aude Shamon.In the1940s,he
had single-handedly cre狨 ed an entire sc忆 Ⅱce ofcommu血 caton Whch has蓝 nce
found its way into a host of apphcations,from DVDs to satel1ite cO11muniCation 20
to barcode-— aη冂d1ere,in sho⒒ ,where data has to be conveyed rapidly yet
accwatcly.
of the fo1Ⅱ I1 or0. HaⅤ ing identified d1is fundamenta1unit,Shannon set about 35
denning otherwise vague ideas aboutinfo.Ⅱ 1ation and trans1ni⒒ing it丘 onl place to
place. In the process he discoⅤ ered something surprising∶ it is always possible to
‘‘
guarantee messages get through randorn inference-ˉ ˉ noise” -ˉ亠ntact. The tnck,
ˉˉ‘‘
Shannon showed,is to Iind ways of packaging upˉ cOding” 亠-ˉ infoⅡnation to
cope w"h the ravages ofCode,whⅡ e stⅡ 1staying wi伍 in the infoIⅡ Iation-ca臼 、砬ng 40
‘
‘ ’
capacity— ˉ bandwidth’ -— ofthe communic乱 ion system.
5 Shannon a1so laid the foundations for efncient ways of stoⅡ ng infoIⅡ .ation,
by血 pping out unnecessaryˉ ˉJ‘ redundanr9— bits from data which con仂 ibuted
Ⅱ优1e rea1info1Ⅱ .ation.As1nobⅡ e phone text-messages1ike‘ △ CN C U” show,
it is oftcn possib1e to stnp out a lot of data withOut1oshη g much meaning. As 45
with eⅡ or-coⅡ eCtion,howeⅤ er,there’ sa1iInit beyond which messages become
800/3/M
*This question paperis CONFIDENTIAL unti1the test is ov∝ CONFIDENTIAL*
CONFIDENTIAL* 17
38 Which ofthe fo11owhg is not an obstacle that cou1d prevent NASA from making contact wi伍
Voyager1?
A Dotance from earth
B Lack ofspare pads
C Low temperamres
D Age ofVoyager1
A popular
∶∷B ∷
oveJated ∶
C controver“ al
D ex△ aon曲 nary
800/3/M
艹ihk quo血 on paper“ CONFIDENTIAL血 ti1伍 e忆 斑恫凼∝ ∷ CONFIDENⅡ 囚r