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aMZoVZy _m§S>bb o r "F$Vwgh§ ma' H${dVm Ë`m§Zr
aMbr d Ë`mMr OmJ¥V Midi ìhmdr øm
Ü`o`mZo OdiOdi Mmirg {dÚmWu{_Ìm§Zm
\$moZ d àË`j ^oQ>rÛmao Jobo VrZ _{hZo `m
H${dVoMm gVV nmR>nwamdm H$aV am{hbo.
Ë`mbm CËñ\y$V© à{VgmX XoV n§Mdrg {dÚmWu
{_Ìm§Zr Ë`m§Zm Amnë`m H$boÛmao M{H$V
H$aUmar ^o Q > {Xbr. hr ^o Q > åhUOo
"F$Vwgh§ ma' H${dVoÀ`m {d{dY N>Q>m àË`oH$mZo
Amnmnë`m ÑH² $ g§ d o X Zo Z w g ma {ZdS> ë `m
Am{U Amnë`m H$m_mVyZ hm Zdm AW©
Ko V , {^{Îm{MÌ {eënH$bm, _m§ S > U r
{eënH$bm, AjaaMZm, g§ H $ënH$bm
AemVyZ "F$Vwg§hma' àXe©Z gmH$ma Pmbo.
{Zìdi Xmo Z _{hÝ`m§ À `m H$mbmdYrV
H$bmH¥$Vr V`ma H$aUmè`m n§Mdrg OUm§Mr
`mXr Vnmgbr Va àm. fm§Vmam_ ndmam§Mm
Jo ë `m nmM XeH$m§ À `m øm jo Ì mVrb
àdmgmÀ`m \$blwVrMr PbH$ {_iVo.
ndmagam§Mm dmda ga O.Or. Cn`mo{OV
H$bm g§ñWm d H$bmemioÀ`m AmdmamV
1956 nmgyZ 1976 n`ªV {dÚmWu Vo
àmÜ`mnH$ Aem {d{dY Q> ß ß`m§ d ê$Z
am{hbm. gZ 1960nmgyZ `m M¡VÝ`erb
H$bm{ejH$mÀ`m ^y{_Ho$_wio AZoH$ {dÚmWu
d {_Ì O_bo. "AmQ>©OÌm' Vo "`m _§S>ir
"F$Vwgh§ ma-H$bmàXe©Z'
ga O.Or. H$bmXmbZ - 8 Am°JñQ> Vo 12 Am°JñQ>
a§OZ aKwdra Omoer
`m àXe©ZmZo CX²KmQ>Z fm§Vmam_ ndmam§Mo {dÚmWu-{_Ì, MmhVo `m§À`m CnpñWVrV
A{^Zd nÕVrZo Pmbo . gmo _ dmar g§ Ü `mH$mir ga O.Or. Cn`mo { OV
H$bm_hm{dÚmb`mÀ`m àdoeÛmambJVÀ`m _moH$ù`m OmJoV gJio O_bo. amO qeJo
`m§Zr AmUboë`m ^OZr_§S>imZo F$Vwg§hma H${dVm Q>mi_¥§XJmÀ`m Vmbmda ^mdnyU©VoZo
Jm`br. Ë`mZ§Va nwéfmoÎm_ ~oS>} Am{U XrnH$ dobUH$a `m§Zr "gmdaH$a {déÕ Jm§Yr'
`m ~oS>} `m§À`mM ZmQ>H$mVrb n`m©daUmMm g§Kf© _m§S>Umao àdoe gm{^Z` dmMyZ
XmIdbo. J§JmYaZ _oZZ `m§Zr gyÌg§MmbZ Ho$bo Am{U fm§Vmam_ ndmam§Zr Hw§$S>rV
amonQ>çmgmaIr bmdbobr _oU~Îmr àÁd{bV H$ê$Z àXe©ZmMo CX²KmQ>Z Ho$bo.
Ë`m§À`m H$bmH¥$VtMr AmoiIhr.
d¥jJUm§Mo H$Uo _moS>bo A{dZme JmoS>~mobo 1965 _Ü`o {dÚmWu
~K _mVrMo XhZ Omhbo hmoVo. AmO ^maVr` Om{hamV {MÌH$boÀ`m
hdmnmUrhr {dfma ~Zbo ì`dgm`mV AJ«JÊ` Zmd Amho. Vo CÎm_
O§Jbdmgr _yR>^a Cabo {MÌH$ma d g¥ O Zerb g§ H $ënZmH$ma
Amho V . "F$Vw g § h mamVrb' {ZgJm© V rb
{ZgJ©hmZr Aer AZmda d¥jm§Mm hmoUmam Zme Am{U nmZmMo H$m±{H«$Q>
MamMambm emn ^`§H$a ãbm°Šg_Ü`o hmoUmao ê$nm§Va Ë`m§Zr gyMH$nUo
_mZdm! Wm§~d F$Vwg§hma XmIdbo Amho.
AéU H$mio 1966À`m H$mimV {dÚmWu
ñ_amoZr ~«÷mMo CnH$ma
hmoVo. Vo ^maVr` Om{hamV H$boVrb `eñdr
em_b YaVr \w$b\$iy Xo H$bm{X½Xe©H$ AmhoV. Amnë`m H°$b|S>a
e¡brVrb {MÌmVyZ àË`j T>Jmda _mZdr
{hado{ndio C^o S>moby Xo
Hw$èhmS>rZo KmVbobm Kmd d Ë`mVyZ aŠVmMm
AyZnmdgm a§J Ioiy Xo àM§S> W|~ Imbr Agboë`m gw§Xa H$_imda
{Odm{edmbm hgyZmMy Xo nSy>Z Vo aŠVa§{OV Pmë`mMo XmIdbo Amho.
A{VdmñVddmXr {MÌà{V_oMo ho EH$ gw§Xa
_mZdm! Wm§~d F$Vwg§hma {MÌ Amho.
ñ_amoZr ~«÷mMo CnH$ma. gm¡. aVZ JmoS>~mobo 1966/67 À`m
B{V fm§Vmam_ H$mimVrb {dÚm{W©Zr d A{dZme JmoS>~mobo
`m§ M r nËZr. Cn`mo { OV {MÌH$bo V y Z
gmXa H$é`m'gmaIo {MÌZmQ>ç H$bm à`moJ H$bmË_H$ dñVy { Z{_© V r ì`dgm`mVrc
H$ê$Z ga O.Or.À`m _yi ñdßZm§Zm OmJ¥V _mÝ`da ì`ŠVr. _m§S>Ur {eënH$boVyZ
R>do V am{hbo. åhUyZM H$bmH$ma n§M{derMr nú`m§Mr {H$b{~b dVw©imH¥$Vr AmH$mamV
`mXr Ë`m H«$_mZwgma _wÔm_ _m§S>V Amho Am{U {d{dY njrg_y h m§ Z m Q> m § J y Z AmOÀ`m
éMrŸ&& gßQ>|~a 2010Ÿ&& 6

Zboe nmQ>rb
n[apñWVrMo {MÌ àVrH$mË_H$ _m§S>UrZo
ì`ŠV Ho$bo Amho.
{Xbrn {edbH$a 1970 À`m H$mimV
{dÚmWu hmoV.o _w~§ B©À`m Om{hamV H$bmOJmV
`eñdr N>m`m{MÌH$ma d H$bm{X½Xe©H$.
Ë`m§Zr H$m±{H«$Q>rH$aUmMo n[aUm_ N>m`m{MÌ
d g§JUH$s` {MÌV§ÌmÀ`m {_bm\$mVyZ
g_W©nUo ì`ŠV Ho$bo AmhoV. dmiyÀ`m
dmid§Q>mV éVbobm amOm~mB© Q>m°da hr
AerM EH$ à{V_m.
XrnH$ Kmao 1970À`m H$mimV {dÚmWu
hmoV.o AmO _amR>r gm{hË` dVwi © mV g_rjH$
d boIH$ åhUyZ n[a{MV AmhoV. Ë`m§Zr
ndmagam§Mr àË`j H${dVmM {^{Îm{MÌmMr
_m§S>Ur H$aÊ`mH$aVm KoVbr AgyZ, gyú_
{ZarjUmZo {VMo AdbmoH$Z H$aV H${dVoÀ`m
AmOw~mOygM AmOÀ`m {ZgJ©èhmgmÀ`m
H$maUm§Mr _m§S>Ur Ho$br Amho. ZH$mamË_H$Vo-
VyZ gH$mamË_H$VoMo àVrH$mË_H$ {MÌ Am{U
AjaaMZoÀ`m Ñí` KQ>H$s` ê$nm§VamMm EH$
à`moJ åhUyZ Ë`mH$S>o nm{hbo nm{hOo.
a§OZ aKwdra Omoer 1972 À`m H$mimV
{dÚmWu hmo V o . EH$ H$bm{ejH$,
àH$meZH$bm g§ H $ënH$ d ÑH² $ H$bm
d¡{œH$VoMo Aä`mgH$ åhUyZ Jobr VrZ XeHo$
n[a{MV AmhoV. Ë`m§Zr CVaË`m H«$_mZo
_mZdr AYmoJVrMr Pmbobr pñWVr "_mZdm
Wm§~d F$Vwgh§ ma' hm ^md ì`ŠV H$aÊ`mgmR>r
`moObr Amho. Ë`m§Mo 1974 _Yrb "A°Q_
\$m°a nrg' ho amÁ`nwañH$ma àmßV {^{Îm{MÌ,
Ë`mZ§ V a Kf© U OÝ` A½ZrMm _mZdmbm
bmJboë`m emoYm§Mo {dH¥$V ê$n, Ë`mZ§Va
_mZdmMm A§VamimVrb Xwgè`m dñVrMm
emoY KoUmao {MÌ d eodQ>r PmS>mMo CbQ>o
Pmbobo nmZ-Oo àË`j ~moby eH$V Zmhr-
Vo AmoaSy>Z gm§JVo H$s _bm ImoH$Vm `oV Zmhr.
åhUOo Vwåhmbm øm {d{dY _mZdr àXyfUmMo
^mZ XoUmao AH©${MÌ.
gm¡. A§Obr H$mio 1973À`m H$mimV
{dÚm{W©Zr hmoË`m. Ë`m AéU H$mio `m§À`m
nËZr AmhoV. `eñdr Cn`mo{OV {MÌH$ma
d H$mð>{eën _mÜ`_mH$So diyZ AZoH$
gm¡. {dÚm Omoer
gm¡. amUr nmQ>rb
éMrŸ&& gßQ>|~a 2010Ÿ&& 7
A{dZme JmoS>~mobo
àH$maÀ`m e¡brV Ë`m H$m_ H$aVmV. {ZgJm©Zo
^abobo Jmd hiwhiy {dñH$Q>V Mmbbobo
Ë`m§Zr H$mS>çmnoQ>rÀ`m H$mS>çm§À`m CËH$sU©
_m§S>Ue¡brVyZ Am{U JS>X {haì`m a§J-
g§JVrZo XmIdbo Amho. Vmo {hadm a§J H$_r
hmoVmZm {XgVmo. WmoS>Š`mV dmid§Q>!
{dH$mg Jm`Vm|S>o 1973À`m H$mimV
{dÚmWu hmoV.o AmO ^maVr` Om{hamVH$bm
{dœmV CÀM ñWmZmda Amho V . Ë`m§ Z r
nwZdm©na à{H«$`oVrb H$mJXmVyZ {Z_m©U
Ho$bobr AZoH$ bhmZ AmH$mam§Mr ImoH$s d
Ë`mda PmS> m Mo "em_b YaVr'Mo ^md
àVrH$mË_H$nUo aoIm§{H$V H$aUmao {MÌ
gmH$mabo Amho. "{gëH$ ñH«$sZ' nÕVrZo
{d{dY a§Jm§V Vo N>mnbobo Amho. øm gd©
ImoŠ`m§Mr hdr Ver _m§S>Ur Hw$Urhr nwÝhm
nwÝhm gmH$mê$ eH$Vmo. n`m©daUmbm nmofH$
Aem \o $ admna VÎdmMo ; H$bmË_H$
nmVirdarb KQ>H$m§À`m nwZ_mªS>UrÀ`m
VÎdmVyZ gmH$mabobo ho _m§S>Ur{eën Amho.
Zboe nmQ>rb 1975 _Ü`o {dÚmWu hmoVo.
ndmagam§gmaIoM CÎm_ g§H$ënZmH$ma d
H$dr åhUyZ n[a{MV AmhoV. Om{hamV
ì`dgm`mV J§JmYaZ _oZZ `m g¥OZerb
boIH$ H$bmH$mamÀ`m OmoS>rZo XmoZ XeHo$
^maVr` Om{hamV H$boV Amnbm R>gm Ë`m§Zr
C_Q> d bm. Ë`m§ Z r g§ V Vw H $mam_m§ À `m
d¥jdëbrÀ`m gwà{gÕ Amoirda {MÌ^mî`
H$aUmao aoImQ>Z Ho$bo Amho VgoM g§nyU©
{^{Îm{MÌm§À`m ImbÀ`m OmJoV PmS>mÀ`m
EH$mM nmZmZo AmOÀ`m n[apñWVrda
{MÌ^mî` Ho$bo Amho!
aKwdra Hw$bH$Uu 1975À`m H$mimV
{dÚmWu hmoV.o _amR>r {MÌnQ>/ZmQ>ç/A{^Z`
joÌmVbo EH$ OmUH$ma boIH$ AmhoV.
Om{hamV ì`dgm`mV aKwdra Hw$b ZmdmZo
A{YH$ n[a{MV AmhoV. bmH$S>r Mm¡H$Q>rbm
Jw§\$bobr PmS>m§Mr gwH$bobr \$m§Xr d Ë`m
\$m§Xrbm AS>H$bobo nú`mZo {dUbobo S>mb
¡ Xma
KaQ>o d Ë`m KaQ>çmV nú`mÀ`m {nbmEodOr
n¥ÏdrMm MH$MH$sV ßb°pñQ>H$Mm Jmoim Ago
_m§S>Ur{eën Ë`m§Zr gmH$mabo Amho.
gm¡. _m{UH$ qeJo
nwéfmoÎm_ ~oS>} 1975À`m H$mimV {dÚmWu
hmoVo. _amR>r {MÌnQ>/ZmQ>ç/g§JrV/boIH$
d {Z_m©Vm AgyZ, Vo "nwê$ ~oS>}' ZmdmZo
n[a{MV AmhoV. gVV Zì`mÀ`m Ü`mgmV
g¥OZerbVm OnUmao ~oS>} `m§Zr N>m`m{MÌm§À`m
dmñVdmVyZ AmOÀ`m F$Vwg§hmam§Mr pñWVr
XmIdUmar Om{hamV _mohr_ Ho$br Amho.
n¥ Ï drMm èhmg H¥ $ n`m Wm§ ~ dm Agm
H$iH$irMm g§Xoe Ë`m§Zr _m§S>bm Amho.
AéU Am§ ~ o a H$a 1975À`m H$mimV
{dÚmWu hmoVo. Om{hamVH$bm ì`dgm`mV
ñWmZ {Z_m©U H$aV nma§n[aH$ ~mhþë`m-
{Z{_©VrÀ`m g¥OZmË_H$ Zì`m ì`dgm`mMr
gm¡. aVZ JmoS>~mobo
gwwédmV Ë`m§Zr Ho$br. Ë`m§Zr H$mnS>{da{hV
N>Ìr, \$mQ>bobm J§Or\«$m°H$ BË`mXtÛmao
ndmam§À`m H${dVoMm _{WVmW© ì`ŠV Ho$bm
Amho.
AemoH$ gmiJmdH$a 1975À`m H$mimV
{dÚmWu hmoVo. Om{hamVH$boV pñWamdbo
AgVmZmM "Q> o a mH$mo Å > m ' øm nma§ n [aH$
_mVrH$m_ {eën aMZoV CËH$sU© {eën-
H$bmH$ma åhUyZ Vo n[a{MV AmhoV. Ë`m§Zr
ømM _mÜ`_mVyZ, nma§n[aH$ {MÌe¡brVyZ
F$Vwg§hmamMm _{WVmW© ì`ŠV Ho$bm Amho.
J§JmYaZ _oZZ 1976 nmgyZ ndmagam§Mm
gm¡. goOb jragmJa
éMrŸ&& gßQ>|~a 2010Ÿ&& 8
n[aM` Pmbm Am{U ndmagam§Zm Vo Jwê$ _mZy
bmJbo. ^maVr` Om{hamVH$bm ì`dgm`mV
H$m°nram`Q>a åhUyZ Zboe nmQ>rb gmo~V XmoZ
XeHo $ `eñdr H$m_ Ho $ bo . Om{hamV,
{MÌnQ>{df`H$ boIZ Ë`m§Zr Ho$bobo Amho.
Ë`m§Mr _m§S>Ur{eënmMr aMZm _Zmbm OmJo
H$aUmar Amho. {Z_m©Vm ~«÷m, ajUH$Vm©
{dîUy Am{U g§hmaH$Vm© åhUyZ MŠH$ _moR>m
Amagm bmdbobm Amho. Ë`mV Amnbo
à{Vq~~ MQ>H$Z {XgVo d ñdV:~Ôb bmO
dmQ>ë`mgmaIr OmUrd ~KUmè`mÀ`m _ZmV
{Z_m© U hmo V o . YŠH$mV§ Ì nÕVrMr hr
H$bmH¥ $ Vr Amho . Ë`mMà_mUo Xw g è`m
H$bmH¥$VrV àË`j Hw$èhmS> N>Vmbm Q>m§JyZ
Ë`m Imbr AmnU H$mhr goH§$X C^o amhmdo
Ago gwMdbo Amho. Ë`mdoigo AmnUmg H$go
dmQ>Vo? S>moŠ`mda Hw$èhmS> AgVmZmMm Wama
Amnë`mbm OmJo H$aVmo.
gm¡. {dÚm Omoer 1975 _Ü`o {dÚm{W©Zr
hmoË`m. ga O.Or. H$bmg§ñWoVM Jobr VrZ
XeHo$ CËH¥$ï> Cn`mo{OV {MÌH$bm {ejH$
åhUyZ Ë`m n[a{MV AmhoV. a§OZ Omoer
`m§À`m Ë`m nËZr AmhoV. gVV g¥OZerb
H$bme¡j{UH$ à`moJ Ë`m H$aV AgVmV.
H$mù`m emB©Zo {\$H$Q> nm§T>è`m H$mJXmda
gwH$boë`m PmS>mMo d¡{eîQ>çnyU© aoImQ>Z
Ë`m§Zr Ho$bo Amho. {MÌmÀ`m _Ü`^mJr
Agbobo g\$aM§XmMo \$i {dfÊU dmñVdmMo
^mZ XoVo d PmS>mÀ`m ~w§Ü`mer {ZñVoO
nhþ S > b o b r ñÌr `mVy Z F$Vw g § h mamMm
àVrH$mË_H$ Ame` ì`ŠV hmoVmo.
gm¡. amUr nmQ>rb 1976À`m H$mimV
{dÚm{W© Z r hmo Ë `m. `eñdr A{^Zo Ì r,
ZmQ>ç/{MÌnQ> H$bmì`dgm`mV g¥OZerb
nmoemI aMZmH$ma åhUyZ à{gÕ. Zboe
nmQ>rb `m§À`m Ë`m nËZr AmhoV. nmÊ`mMo
_S>Ho$ KoD$Z Ë`m§Zr àË`j ZimMr OmoS>Ur
_S>Š`mÀ`m S>mŠo `mOdi Ho$br Amho d Ë`mda
ISy>Zo "_S>Ho$ ^ê$ Xo' Agm hmHo$Mm ñda
Ajam§{H$V Ho$bm Amho. ZimMr OmoS>Ur
S>moŠ`mOdi Agë`mZo Ë`mVyZ àVrH$m-
Ë_H$VoZo Z ^aUmè`m nmÊ`mMm {ZfoYmË_H$
^mdM ì`ŠV Pmbobm Amho.
amO qeJo 1976À`m H$mimV {dÚmWu hmoV.o
{MÌH$bm, {eënH$bm, _m§S>Ur {eënH$bm,
H$bm{ejH$ Am{U à`moJerb _amR>r H$dr
Aem {d{dY ^y{_H$m§VyZ Vo n[a{MV AmhoV.
_w§½`m§Mr EH${ÌV H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr nÕVr d
à{VHy$b n[apñWVrda gVV _mV H$aÊ`mMr
d¥Îmr ho _m§S>Ur{eënmÛmao Ë`m§Zr XmIdbo
Amho . _w § ½ `m§ M r bmImÀ`m _mÜ`_mVy Z
{eën{Z{_©Vr H$ê$Z EH$m aofoVyZ gaH$Umao
ho _m§ S > U r{eën Ë`m§ Z r gmH$mabo .
MbV{MÌnQ>mà_mUo gMoVZ JwU àH$Q>
H$aUmao ho {eën W|~o W|~o Vio gmMoMm
OUy g§Xoe XoV amhVo.
gm¡. _m{UH$ qeJo - 1977 _Ü`o ga
Oo.Oo.À`m {dÚm{W©Zr hmoË`m. ndmagam§Zr
Ë`m§Zm {eH$dbobo Zmhr. na§Vw gam§À`m {d{dY
H$m_m§VyZ Ë`m§Zr {MÌàoaUm KoVbr. Ë`m amO
qeJo `m§ À `m nËZr Amho V . ^maVr`
g_H$mbrZ VéU {MÌH$Vu åhUyZ Ë`m§Mm
Zmdbm¡{H$H$ Amho. CËH¥$ï> H$bm{ejH$
åhUyZ Ë`m n[a{MV AmhoV. Ë`m§À`m {MÌmV
^maVr` e¡brÀ`m à^mdmVrb na§Vw ñdV§ÌnUo
{dH${gV Pmbo ë `m {MÌe¡ b rMo Xe© Z
KS>Vo. _mZdr AmH¥${V~§Y, {hado{ndio
a§Jg§JVrMo nmoV d "{Odm{edmbm hgy-
ZmMy Xo' `m dU©Zmbm gmOogo Ago ho {MÌ
Amho. {dewÕ {MÌH$boVyZ gmXa Ho$bobm
F$Vwg§hma g§H$ënZoMm hm CÎm_ Z_wZm Amho.
_hmXod eoQ>ço 1976_Ü`o ndmagam§Mo
{dÚmWu hmoVo. Vo Om{hamV H$bm ì`dgm`mV
g§H$ënZmH$ma åhUyZ H$m`©aV AmhoV. {dewÕ
{MÌH$boÀ`m AmYmao A°H$« {bH$ a§J _mÜ`_m-
VyZ Am{U _moQ>marÀ`m H«$m°åàogagma»`m
à{VH$mË_H$ _m§S>UrVyZ _mVH$Q> àXy{fV
a§Jg§JVrÛmao hdmnmUrhr {dfma ~Zbo hm
Ame` Ë`m§Zr à^mdrnUo _m§S>bm Amho.
gwZrb _hm{S>H$ 1981 _Ü`o {dÚmWu hmoV.o
ndmagam§Mo àË`j {eî`Ëd Zmhr, na§Vw Á`oð>
{dÚmÏ`mª Û mam ndmagam§ À `m H$m_mMm
_hm{S>H$ `m§À`mda à^md nS>bm. A{Ve`
bhmZ d`mV ^maVr` Om{hamV H$bm-
ì`dgm`mVrb `eñdr H$bm{X½Xe©H$ åhUyZ
Ë`m§ Z r gw é dmV Ho $ br d AmO {d{dY
{MÌg§ H $ënZm, Om{hamVH$bm _mo { h_m
`mÛmao CÚmoOH$ d g¥OZerb ì`ŠVr åhUyZ
Vo n[a{MV AmhoV. Ë`m§À`m N>m`m{MÌH$boVZy
{dewÕ {MÌH$booMo Am{dîH$aU Pmbobo
{XgVo. Ë`m§Zr YmVyÀ`m nÍ`m§_Ü`o gH$mamË_H$
{eën Ho$bobo Amho. _mUgm§Mo ê$nm§Va
nU©^mamZo \w$bboë`m d¥jmV Ë`m§Zr Ho$bo Amho.
ho {eën nyU© ew^« a§JmV AgyZ _mZdmH¥$VrMo
PmS> d Ë`mMr {hadr gmdbr AW©nyU© Amho.
A{Ve` H$ënH$VoZo Ho$bobm N>m`m^oXmMm
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