Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Jebba, Nigeria
D0 = 8,5 m
De = 7,1 m *Q = 376 m3/s
Di = 3,1 m *H = 27,6 m
B0 = 2,8 m *P = 96 MW
Machicura, CHILE
*Q = 144 m3/s
*H = 36,7 m
*P = 48 MW
D0 = 7,2 m
De = 4,2 m
Di = 1,9 m
B0 = 1,3 m
Outlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet
draft tube runner runner guide vane guide vane
Hydraulic efficiency
h
Hydraulic efficiency η
Flow rate Q
Hill chart
u1
v1 u2
c1
c2 v2
u 1 ⋅ c u1 − u 2 ⋅ c u 2
ηh =
g⋅H
Pressure distribution and
torque
Lift
Drag
L
Torque
Arm
1
FL = C L ⋅ ⋅ ρ ⋅ V ⋅ A
2
1
FD = C D ⋅ ⋅ ρ ⋅ V ⋅ A
2
FLift
FDrag
α v
LChord
4
Blade profile data
CD
CL
Angle of attack
Angle of attack
δ
v
Average relative
velocity
Pressure distribution and
torque
Suction side
Pressure side
Single profile
Cascade
1 .0
C m l = 0 .1 2 + 0 .1 8 0Ω
(tiln æ rm e t)
0 .5
m l
C
0
1 .5 2 .0 2 .5 3 .0
0
Ω
Qn =
Π⋅ D −d
⋅ c1m
( 2 2
)
4
⇓
Qn ⋅ 4
D=
Π ⋅ c1m
Height of the guide vanes
and runner diameter
P
0 .7
ns = n ⋅ 54
0 .6
H n
d /D
d /D , B 0/D
0 .5
B 0/D
0 .4
0 .3
300 400 500 600 700 800 900
ns
Gap between hub and ring
and the runner blades
0 .9 0
ir k n in g s g ra d
V Efficiency
s = x 1 0 -3 d
0 .8 5
0 .8 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
S p a l t e å pGap
n in g x = 1 0 0 0 s /D
Runaway speed
2 .6
o r m a ltu rta ll
ϕ2 ϕ1
2 .4
u s n i n g s t a l l / nspeed
ϕ3
ϕ4
RRunaway
2 .2
ϕ5
ϕ6
V o it h
2
0 0 .5 1 .0 2 .0 3 .0
Cavitation jo n s k o e ff is ie n t σ
k a v i t a scoefficient
10 − H S
σ=
H
The figure shows different runaway speed at
different runner blade openings. The runaway speed
is dependent of the cavitation as shown in the figure
Hill chart
Example
• Find the dimensions D, d and Bo
n ⋅ 2 ⋅ Π 125 ⋅ 2 ⋅ Π
ω= = = 13,1 rad
60 60 s
ω 13,1 rad
ω= = s = 0,74 m −1
2 ⋅ g ⋅ H 17,7 m
s
3
120 m
Q s = 6,78 m 2
Qn = =
2 ⋅ g ⋅ H 17,7 m
s
o
Ω = ω ⋅ Q n = 0,74 ⋅ 6,78 = 1,93
Diameter, D:
c1m = 0,12 + 0,18 ⋅ o Ω = 0,467
Qn ⋅ 4 6,78 ⋅ 4
D= = = 4,3 m
Π ⋅ c1m Π ⋅ 0,467
Diameter, d:
P 22826 Hp
ns = n ⋅ = 125rpm ⋅ = 590
H n5 4 16m 54
0 .7
0 .6
d /D
d /D , B 0/D
0 .5
B 0/D
0 .4
0 .3
300 400 500 600 700 800 900
n s
d
= 0,45 ⇒ d = D ⋅ 0,45 = 1,9 m
D
Height, B:
0 .7
0 .6
d /D
d /D , B 0/D
0 .5
B 0/D
0 .4
0 .3
300 400 500 600 700 800 900
n s
BO
= 0,41 ⇒ BO = D ⋅ 0,41 = 1,76 m
D
Number of vanes, z:
l
= 0,95 Number of blades z
t
z=5