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D—0 1 0 8 PAPER—III
Time : 2½ hours] ECONOMICS
Number of Pages in this Booklet : 40
Instructions for the Candidates
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D—0108
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[Maximum Marks : 200
Number of Questions in this Booklet : 26
ÂÚUèÿææçÍüØô¢ ·ð¤ çÜU° çÙÎðüàæ
1. ÂãÜðU ÂëDU ·ð¤ ª¤ÂÚU çÙØÌ SÍæÙ ÂÚU ¥ÂÙæ ÚUôÜU ِÕÚU çÜUç¹°Ð
2. ÜUƒæé ÂýàÙ ÌÍæ çÙÕ¢Ï Âý·¤æÚU ·ð¤ ÂýàÙô¢ ·ð¤ ©žæÚU, ÂýˆØð·¤ ÂýàÙ ·ð¤ Ùè¿ð Øæ
ÂýàÙô¢ ·ð¤ ÕæÎ ×ð¢ çÎØð ãéØð çÚU€Ì SÍæÙ ÂÚU ãè çÜUç¹ØðÐ
§â·ð¤ çÜ° ·¤ô§ü ¥çÌçÚU€Ì ·¤æ»Á ·¤æ ©ÂØô» Ùãè¢ ·¤ÚUÙæ ãñÐ
3. ÂÚUèÿææ ÂýæڐUÖ ãôÙð ÂÚU, ÂýàÙ-ÂéçSÌ·¤æ ¥æ·¤ô Îð Îè ÁæØð»èÐ ÂãÜðU
ÂUæ¡¿ ç×ÙÅU ¥æ·¤ô ÂýàÙ-ÂéçSÌ·¤æ ¹ôÜÙð ÌÍæ ©â·¤è çِÙçÜç¹Ì
Áæ¡¿ ·ð¤ çÜU° çÎØð ÁæØð¢»ð çÁâ·¤è Áæ¡¿ ¥æ·¤ô ¥ßàØ ·¤ÚUÙè ãñ Ñ
(i) ÂýàÙ-ÂéçSÌ·¤æ ¹ôÜÙð ·ð¤ çÜU° ©â·ð¤ ·¤ßÚU ÂðÁ¤ÂÚU ÜU»è âèÜU
·¤ô ȤæǸU Üð¢UÐ ¹éÜè ãé§ü Øæ çÕÙæ SÅUè·¤ÚU-âèÜU ·¤è ÂéçSÌ·¤æ
Sßè·¤æÚU Ù ·¤Úð¢UÐ
(ii) ·¤ßÚU ÂëDU ÂÚU ÀUÂð çÙÎðüàææÙéâæÚU ÂýàÙ-ÂéçSÌ·¤æ ·ð¤ ÂëDU ÌÍæ
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ãô¢ Øæ âèçÚUØÜU ×ð¢ Ù ãô¢ ¥ÍæüÌ ç·¤âè Öè Âý·¤æÚU ·¤è ˜æéçÅUÂê‡æü
ÂéçSÌ·¤æ Sßè·¤æÚU Ù ·¤Úð¢U ÌÍæ ©âè â×Ø ©âð ÜUõÅUæ·¤ÚU ©â·ð¤
SÍæÙ ÂÚU ÎêâÚUè âãè ÂýàÙ-ÂéçSÌ·¤æ Üð ÜðÐ U §â·ð¤ çÜ°
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â×Ø çÎØæ ÁæØð»æÐ
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çÜ° ×êËØ梷¤Ù àæèÅU âð ÂãÜð °·¤ ÂëDU çÎØæ ãé¥æ ãñÐ
6. ØçÎ ¥æ ©žæÚU-ÂéçSÌ·¤æ ÂÚU ¥ÂÙæ Ùæ× Øæ °ðâæ ·¤ô§ü Öè çÙàææÙ
çÁââð ¥æ·¤è Âã¿æÙ ãô â·ð¤, ¤ç·¤âè Öè Öæ» ÂÚU ÎàææüÌð Øæ ¥¢ç·¤Ì
·¤ÚUÌð ãñ¢ Ìô ÂÚUèÿææ ·ð¤ çÜØð ¥Øô‚Ø ƒæôçáÌ ·¤ÚU çÎØð ÁæØð¢»ðÐ
7. ¥æ·¤ô ÂÚUèÿææ â×æ# ãôÙð ¤ÂÚU ©žæÚU-ÂéçSÌ·¤æ çÙÚUèÿæ·¤ ×ãôÎØ ·¤ô
ÜUõÅUæÙæ ¥æßàØ·¤ ãñ ¥õÚU §âð ÂÚUèÿææ â×æç# ·ð¤ ÕæÎ ¥ÂÙð âæÍ
ÂÚUèÿææ ÖßÙ âð ÕæãÚU Ù Üð·¤ÚU ÁUæØð¢Ð
8. ·ð¤ßÜ ÙèÜð / ·¤æÜð ÕæÜU Œßæ§ZÅU ÂñÙ ·¤æ ãè §SÌð×æÜ ·¤Úð¢UÐ
9. ç·¤âè Öè Âý·¤æÚU ·¤æ ⢻‡æ·¤ (·ñ¤Ü·é¤ÜðÅUÚU) UØæ Üæ» ÅðUÕÜ
¥æçÎ ·¤æ ÂýØô» ßçÁüÌ ãñÐ
10. »ÜÌ ©žæÚU ·ð¤ çÜ° ¥¢·¤ Ùãè¢ ·¤æÅðU ÁæØð¢»ðÐ
1 P.T.O.
 ECONOMICS
(¥ÍüàææS˜æ)

PAPER—III
ÂýàÙ-˜æ—III

NOTE : This paper is of two hundred (200) marks containing four (4) sections.
Candidates are required to attempt the questions contained in these sections
according to the detailed instructions given therein.

ÙæðÅ Ñ Øã Âýà٠˜æ Îæð âæñ (200) ¥´·¤æ´ð ·¤æ ãñ °ß´ §â×ð´ ¿æÚ (4) ¹´Ç ãñÐ ¥ØçÍüØæð´ ·¤æð §Ù ×ð´ â×æçãÌ
ÂýàÙæð´ ·¤æ ©žæÚ ¥Ü» çÎØð »Øð çßSÌëÌ çÙÎðüàææ𴠷𤠥ÙéâæÚ ÎðÙæ ãñÐ

D—0108 2
 SECTION - I
¹‡ÇU—I

Note : Answer the five questions from the para given below. Each answer
should not exceed 30 words. Each question carries five marks.
(5x5=25 marks)
ÙæðÅ Ñ Ùè¿ð çÎØð »Øð ÂñÚæ»ýæȤ ·ð¤ ¥æÏæÚ ÂÚ çÎØð »Øð Âæ´¿ ÂýàÙæð´ ·¤æ ©žæÚ çܹðд ÂýˆØð·¤ ©žæÚ (30)
àæŽÎæð´ Ì·¤ ãæðÙæ ¿æçã°Ð ÂýˆØð·¤ ÂýàÙ Âæ´¿ ¥´·¤æð ·¤æ ãñÐ
(5x5=25 ¥´·¤)

Answer the following questions from the para given below. Each answer should not
exceed 30 words. Each question carrier 5 marks.
Ùè¿ð çÎØð »° ÂçÚU‘ÀðUÎ ·ð¤ ¥æÏæÚU ÂÚU çÎØð »° Âæ¡¿ ÂýàÙæð´ ·¤æ ©žæÚU çÜç¹°Ð ÂýˆØð·¤ ©žæÚU Ìèâ (30)
àæŽÎæð´ Ì·¤ ·¤æ ãæðÙæ ¿æçã°Ð ÂýˆØð·¤ ÂýàÙ Âæ¡¿ (5) ¥´·¤æð´ ·¤æ ãñÐ

Nurkse’s basic argument resembles Rosenstein Rodan’s; indeed he cites Rodan’s

famous example of the shoe factory to support his case. Low real income, Nurkse says,

“is a reflection of low productivity, which in turn is due largely to the lack of capital.

The lack of capital is a result of the small capacity to save, and so the cycle is complete”.

The inducement to invest, in turn, is limited by the size of the market - a “modern

variant” of Adam Smith’s dictum that “the division of labour is limited by the extent of

the market”. But a crucial determinant of the size of the market is productivity. Capacity

to buy means capacity to produce. And productivity “depends largely, though by no

means entirely, on the degree to which capital is used in production... But, for any

individual entrepreneur, the use of capital is inhibited, to start with, by the small size of

the market”. Another vicious circle. To escape the vicious circle of poverty, one cannot

count on individual investment decisions to do the trick.. “Even though in economically

backward areas Say’s law may be valid in the sense that there is no deflationary gap, it

never is valid in the sense that the output of any single industry, newly set up with

capital equipment, can create its own demand”. Technical Discontinuities call for

“jumps” in the rate of output, but “the small and inelastic demand in a low-income

country tends to make such jumps risky, if not altogether unpromising.

D—0108 3 P.T.O.
 Ù·ü¤âð ·¤æ ¥æÏæÚUÖêÌ Ì·ü¤ ÚUæð$Áð‹SÅUèÙ ÚUæðÇæÙ ·ð¤ Ì·ü¤ âð âæÎëàØÌæ ÚU¹Ìæ ãñÐ ßæSÌß ×ð´ ßã ÚUæðÇUæÙ ·¤æ ÁêÌæ
Èñ¤€ÅUÚUè âð âÕç‹ÏÌ Âýçâh ©ÎæãÚU‡æ ·¤æð ¥ÂÙð Âÿæ ·¤æð ÕÜ ÂýÎæÙ ·ð¤ çÜ° ÎðÌð ãñ´Ð çِ٠ßæSÌçß·¤ ¥æØ,
Ù·ü¤âð ·ð¤ ·¤ÍÙæÙéâæÚU Òçِ٠©ˆÂæη¤Ìæ ·¤æð ÂçÚUÜçÿæÌ ·¤ÚUÌè ãñ Áæð °·¤ ÌÚUã âð ·¤æȤè ãÎ Ì·¤ Âê´Áè ·¤è ·¤×è
·¤æ ÂçÚU‡ææ× ãæðÌæ ãñÐ Âê´Áè ·¤è ·¤×è Õ¿Ì ·¤è çِ٠ÿæ×Ìæ ·ð¤ ÂçÚU‡ææ× SßM¤Â ãñ ¥æñÚU §â Âý·¤æÚU Øã ¿·ý¤ ÂêÚUæ
ãæðÌæ ãñÐÓ çßçÙØæð» ·ð¤ çÜ° ÂýæðˆâæãÙ, ¥ÂÙè Á»ã ÕæÁæÚU ·ð¤ çßSÌæÚU âð âèç×Ì ãæðÌæ ãñÐ Øã °ÇU× çS×Í ·ð¤
çâhæ‹Ì ·¤æ Ò¥æÏéçÙ·¤ ÂæÆUæ‹ÌÚUÓ ãñÐ Øã çâhæ‹Ì ãñ ç·¤ ÒÒÕæÁæÚU ·ð¤ çßSÌæÚU mæÚUæ Ÿæ×-çßÖæÁÙ âèç×Ì ãæðÌæ
ãñÐÓÓ ÂÚU‹Ìé ÕæÁæÚU ·ð¤ ¥æ·¤æÚU ·¤æ Âý×é¹ ·¤æÚU·¤ ©ˆÂæη¤Ìæ ãñ, âæÏÙæð´ ·¤æð ·ý¤Ø ·¤ÚUÙð ·¤è ÿæ×Ìæ ·¤æ ¥Íü ãñ
©ˆÂæÎÙ ·¤è ÿæ×ÌæÐ ¥æñÚU ©ˆÂæη¤Ìæ ÒÒ·¤æȤè ãÎ Ì·¤, Üðç·¤Ù ·¤Öè Öè Âê‡æüÌæ ·¤è ãÎ Ì·¤ Ùãè´ §â ÕæÌ ÂÚU
çÙÖüÚU ·¤ÚUÌè ãñ ç·¤ Âê´Áè ·¤è ×æ˜ææ ·¤æð ·¤ãæ´ Ì·¤ ©ˆÂæÎÙ ×ð´ ÂýØé€Ì ç·¤Øæ »Øæ ãñ.....Ð ç·¤‹Ìé, ç·¤âè ÃØç€Ì»Ì
©l×è ·¤æð ÕæÁæÚU ·ð¤ ܃æé ¥æ·¤æÚU ·¤æØü ÂýæÚUÖ ·¤ÚUÙð ÂÚU Âê´Áè ·ð¤ ÂýØæð» ·¤ÚUÙð âð çÙáðÏ ·¤ÚUÌæ ãñÐÓÓ Øã °·¤ ¥æñÚU
çßáñÜæ ¿€·¤ÚU ãñÐ çÙÏüÙÌæ ·ð¤ çß·¤ÅU ¿€·¤ÚU âð Õ¿Ùð ·ð¤ çÜ° ßã ÃØç€Ì»Ì çßçÙØæð» çهæüØ ÂÚU çÙÖüÚU Ùãè´
·¤ÚU â·¤ÌæÐ ÒÒãæÜæ´·¤è ¥æçÍü·¤ M¤Â âð çÂÀUǸðU ÿæð˜ææð´ ×ð´ âð ·¤æ çÙØ× §â Öæß âð ßñÏ ãæð â·¤Ìæ ãñ ç·¤ ·¤æð§ü ×éÎýæ
¥ßSȤèçÌ ¥‹ÌÚUæÜ Ùãè´ ãæð»æÐ ç·¤‹Ìé Øã çÙØ× §â Öæß âð ·¤Öè ßñÏ Ùãè´ ãñ ç·¤ ç·¤âè °·¤ Ùß ©læð», Áæð
Âê´Áè ©ÂS·¤ÚUæð´ âð Ü»æØæ »Øæ ãæð, ·¤æ ©ˆÂæÎÙ ¥ÂÙð çÜ° ×æ¡» ·¤æ çÙ×æü‡æ ·¤ÚU â·¤Ìæ ãñ´ÐÓÓ Ì·¤Ùè·¤è
¥çÙÚU‹ÌÚUÌæ°´ ©ˆÂæÎÙ ·¤è ÎÚU ×ð´ ÒÀUÜæ´»Ó Ü»æÙð ·¤è ×æ¡» ·¤ÚUÌð ãñ´ ÂÚU‹Ìé çِ٠¥æØ ßæÜð Îðàæ ×ð´ ܃æé ¥æñÚU ÕðÜæð¿
×æ¡» °ðâè ÀUÜæ´» Ü»æÙð ·¤æð Ølç ÂêÚUè ÌÚUã çÙÚUæàææÁÙ·¤ Ùãè´ ç·¤‹Ìé Áæðç¹×-ÖÚUæ ÕÙæÌð ãñ´Ð

1. How low real income, according to Nurkse, is reflection of low productivity ?

Ù·ü¤âð ·ð¤ ·¤ÍÙæÙéâæÚU ßæSÌçß·¤ ¥æØ çِ٠©ˆÂæη¤Ìæ ·¤æð ÂçÚUÜçÿæÌ ·¤ÚUÌè ãñ?

D—0108 4
2. How size of the market acts as a constraint to inducement to invest ?
ÕæÁæÚU ·¤æ ¥æ·¤æÚU ç·¤â Âý·¤æÚU âð çÙßðàæ ·ð¤ ÂýæðˆâæãÙ ×ð´ ÕæÏ·¤ ãæðÌæ ãñ?

3. Comment on the view that capacity to buy implies capacity to produce ?

ÒÒ·ý¤Ø ·¤ÚUÙð ·ð¤ âæ׉Øü ×ð´ ©ˆÂæÎÙ âæ׉Øü â×æçãÌ ãæðÌæ ãñÐÓÓ §â çß¿æÚU ÂÚU çÅUŒÂ‡æè ·¤èçÁ°Ð

D—0108 5 P.T.O.
4. Why individual investment decisions cannot help in escaping the vicious circle of
poverty ?
çÙÏüÙÌæ ·ð¤ çßáñÜ𠿀·¤ÚU âð Õ¿Ùð ×ð´ ÃØç€Ì»Ì çÙßðàæ çهæüØ €Øæð´ âãæØ·¤ Ùãè´ ãæð â·¤Ìð?

5. Why “the small and inelastic demand in a low-income country tends to make the jumps
brought about by technical discontinuities in the rate of output risky ?
çِ٠¥æØ ßæÜð Îðàæ ×ð´ ܃æé ¥æñÚU Õð-Üæð¿ ×æ¡» ©ˆÂæÎÙ ·¤è ÎÚU ×ð´ Ì·¤Ùè·¤è ¥çÙÚU‹ÌÚUÌæ¥æð´ mæÚUæ Üæ§ü »§ü ÀUÜæ´»
·¤æð Áæðç¹×Âê‡æü ÕÙæÙð ·¤æð ÂýßëÌ €Øæð´ ãæðÌè ãñ?

D—0108 6
 SECTION - II
¹‡ÇU—II

Note : This part has fifteen (15) definitional questions of (5) marks each to be
answered in upto (30) words.
(5x15=75 marks)

ÙæðÅ Ñ §â ¹´Ç ×ð´ ´Îýã ÂçÚÖæáè (15) ÂýàÙ ãñ´Ð ÂýˆØð·¤ ÂýàÙ ·ð¤ Âæ¡¿ (5) ¥´· ãñÐ ÂýˆØð·¤
ÂýàÙ ·¤æ ©žæÚ (30) àæŽÎæð´ ×ð´ ÎèçÁ°Ð
(5x15=75 ¥´·¤)

6. What is ‘price leadership’ ?

Ò·¤è×Ì-ÙðÌëˆßÓ €Øæ ãñ?

D—0108 7 P.T.O.
7. Distinguish between Marginal Rate of Transformation (MRT) in production and
Marginal Rate of substitution in consumption.
©ˆÂæÎÙ ×ð´ M¤Âæ‹ÌÚU‡æ ·¤è âè×æ‹Ì ÎÚU ¥æñÚU ©ÂÖæð» ×ð´ ÂýçÌSÍæÂÙ ·¤è âè×æ‹Ì ÎÚU ·ð¤ Õè¿ ¥‹ÌÚU ·¤èçÁ°Ð

8. What is the meaning of ‘Life-cycle hypothesis’ ?

ÒÁèßÙ ¿·ý¤ Âý怷¤ËÂÙæÓ ·¤æ €Øæ ¥Íü ãñ?

D—0108 8
9. Explain the concept of money multiplier.
×éÎýæ »é‡æ·¤ ·¤è ¥ßÏæÚU‡ææ ·¤æð â×Ûææ ·¤ÚU SÂcÅU ·¤èçÁ°Ð

10. What is Hicks-neutral technical progress ?

çã€â-ÌÅUSÍ Ì·¤Ùè·¤è Âý»çÌ €Øæ ãñ?

D—0108 9 P.T.O.
11. Why does capitalism decay in Schumpeter’s theory of economic development ?
àæéÂèÅUÚU ·ð¤ ¥æçÍü·¤ çß·¤æâ ·ð¤ çâhæ‹Ì ×ð´ Âê´ÁèßæÎ €Øæð´ ÿæè‡æ ãé¥æ?

12. Distinguish between merit good and public good.

×ñçÚUÅU (Øæð‚ØÌæ) ¥æñÚU âæßüÁçÙ·¤ ßSÌé¥æð´ ·ð¤ Õè¿ ¥‹ÌÚU ·¤èçÁ°Ð

D—0108 10
13. Which internationally traded services are not covered under ‘General Agreement on
Trade in Services (GATS)’ ?
·¤æñÙâè ¥´ÌÚUæücÅþUèØ M¤Â âð ÜðÙ ÎðÙ ãé§ü âðßæØð´ ÒÁÙÚUÜ °»ýè×ð´ÅU ¥æòÙ ÅþðUÇU §Ù âçßüçââÓ (GATS) ×ð´ àææç×Ü
Ùãè´ ·¤è »§ü ãñ´Ð

14. What is meant by a ‘Restrictive Monetary Policy’ ?

ÒÂýçÌÕ´Ïæˆ×·¤ ×éÎýæ ÙèçÌÓ ·¤æ €Øæ ¥Íü ãñ?

D—0108 11 P.T.O.
15. How is ‘industrial productivity’ measured in India ?
ÖæÚUÌ ×ð´ Ò¥æñlæðç»·¤ ©ˆÂæη¤ÌæÓ ·¤æ ×æÂÙ ç·¤â Âý·¤æÚU ãæðÌæ ãñ?

16. What is meant by ‘Sustainable development’ ?

ÒÏæÚU‡æèØ çß·¤æâÓ ·¤æ €Øæ ¥Íü ãñ?

D—0108 12
17. List the main characteristics of Indian population as per 2001 census.
2001 ·¤è ÁÙ»‡æÙæ ·ð¤ ¥ÙéâæÚU ÖæÚUÌèØ ÁÙⴁØæ ·¤è ×éØ çßàæðáÌæ¥æð´ ·¤æð âê¿èÕh ·¤èçÁ°Ð

18. What are the bio-chemical components of the Green Revolution ?

ãçÚUÌ ·ý¤æç‹Ì ·ð¤ Áñçß·¤-ÚUâæçÙØ·¤ ƒæÅU·¤ €Øæ €Øæ ãñ´?

D—0108 13 P.T.O.
19. Distinguish between Type-I and Type-II Error.
ÅUæ§üÂ-I ¥æñÚU ÅUæ§üÂ-II ˜æéçÅU ·ð¤ Õè¿ ¥‹ÌÚU ·¤çÚU°Ð

20. What are the applications of differentiation and integration techniques in economics ?
¥ÍüàææS˜æ ×𴠥߷¤ÜÙ ¥æñÚU â×æ·¤ÜÙ Ì·¤Ùè·¤æ𴠷𤠀Øæ ¥ÙéÂýØæð» ãñ´?

D—0108 14
 SECTION - III
¹‡ÇU—III

Note : This part has five short-essay type questions of (12) marks each to be
answered in upto (200) words. The candidate may select one elective
and answer all five (5) questions.
(12x5=60 marks)

ÙæðÅ Ñ §â ¹´Ç ×ð´ Âæ¡¿ (5) ܃æé çÙÕæ‹Ïæˆ×·¤ ÂýàÙ ãñÐ ÂýˆØð·¤ ÂýàÙ ·ð¤ (12) ¥´·¤ ãñÐ ÂýˆØð·¤
ÂýàÙ ·¤æ ©žæÚ Ü»Ö» Îæð âæñ (200) àæŽÎæð´ ×ð´ ÎèçÁ°Ð ÂÚèÿææÍèü ç·¤âè °·¤ çß·¤Ë ·¤æ
¿ØÙ ·¤ÚU ©â·ð¤ Âæ¿æð´ ÂýàÙæð´ ·¤æ ©žæÚ Îð´Ð
(12x5=60 ¥´·¤)

Elective - I
çß·¤ËÂU—I

21. Explain how will you estimate a linear regression equation which is piecewise linear
with a joint (or knot) at x5xo, if
(a) xo is known
(b) xo is unknown
SÂcÅU M¤Â âð ÃØæØæ ·¤èçÁØð ç·¤â Âý·¤æÚU ¥æ ÚðUç¹·¤ ÂýçÌ»×Ù â×è·¤ÚU‡æ, Áæð x5xo, ÂÚU ÁæðǸ (Øæ »æ´ÆU) ·ð¤
âæÍ ¹´ÇU ÚUèçÌ âð ÚðUç¹·¤ ãñ, ·¤æ ¥æ·¤ÜÙ ·¤Úð´U»ð, ØçÎ
(a) xo ™ææÌ ãñ
(b) xo ¥™ææÌ ãñ

22. Define multicollinearity. Explain how it would be detected in a multiple regression

equation and what are its consequences ?
Õãéâ´ ÚðU¹Ìæ ·¤è ÂçÚUÖæáæ ÎèçÁ°Ð SÂcÅU ÃØæØæ ·¤èçÁ° ç·¤â Âý·¤æÚU Øã Õãé ÂýçÌ»×Ù â×è·¤ÚU‡æ ×𴠙ææÌ ·¤è
Áæ°»è ¥æñÚU §â·ð¤ €Øæ ÂýÖæß ãæðÌð ãñ´Ð

23. Given a sample of 50 observations and 4 explanatory variables, what can be said about
auto correlation if :
(a) d51.05 (b) d522.50 (c) d53.97
50 ¥òÕ$ÁÚUÕðàæÙâ÷ ¥æñÚU 4 ÃØæØæˆ×·¤ ¿ÚUæð´ ·¤æ âñ´ÂÜ çΰ ãé° ãæðÙð ÂÚU, SßÌÑ âãâÕ‹Ï ·ð¤ ÕæÚðU ×𴠀Øæ ·¤ãæ
Áæ â·¤Ìæ ãñ ØçÎ Ñ
(a) d51.05 (b) d522.50 (c) d53.97

D—0108 15 P.T.O.
24. Consider the three-equation model.
y15b13 y31y12 x21m1
y25b21 y11b23 y31y21 x11y22 x21m2
y35y33 x31m3
Where y1, y2 and y3 are endogenous and x1, x2 and x3 are exogenous. Discuss the
identification of each of the equations of the model based on the order and rank
conditions.
ÌèÙ-â×è·¤ÚU‡æ ×æòÇUÜ ÂÚU çß¿æÚU ·¤Úð´U
y15b13 y31y12 x21m1
y25b21 y11b23 y31y21 x11y22 x21m2
y35y33 x31m3
Áãæ´ y1, y2 ¥æñÚU y3 ¥´ÌÁæüÌ ãñ´ ¥æñÚU x1, x2 ¥æñÚU x3 ÕçãÁæüÌ ãñÐ ·ý¤× ¥æñÚU Ÿæð‡æè SÍæÙ (Úñ´U·¤) ÂÚU ¥æÏæçÚUÌ
×æòÇUÜ ·ð¤ ÂýˆØð·¤ â×è·¤ÚU‡æ ·¤è Âã¿æÙ ·¤è çßßð¿Ùæ ·¤èçÁ°Ð

25. Discuss fully the ARIMA model of time-series. To what extent, it is different from
ARMA model ?
â×Ø âæçÚU‡æè ·ð¤ ARIMA ×æòÇUÜ ·¤è ÂêÚUè ÌÚUã âð çßßð¿Ùæ ·¤èçÁ°Ð Øã ç·¤â ãÎ Ì·¤ ARMA ×æòÇUÜ âð
çÖóæ ãñ?

OR / ¥Íßæ

Elective - II
çß·¤Ë—II

21. Discuss the assumptions of ‘Revealed Preference Theory’ of demand. How is this theory
an improvement over the earlier theories of demand ?
×æ´» ·ð¤ Âý·¤çÅUÌ ¥çÏ×æÙ çâhæ‹Ì ·¤è ×æ‹ØÌæ¥æð´ ·¤è çßßð¿Ùæ ·¤èçÁ°Ð ç·¤â Âý·¤æÚU Øã çâhæ‹Ì ×æ´» ·ð¤
ÂýæÚUçÖ·¤ çâhæ‹Ìæ𴠷𤠪¤ÂÚU âéÏæÚU ãñ?

22. Discuss the Bertrand solution of duopoly. How does it differ from the Cournot
solution ?
çm-¥çÏ·¤æÚU ·ð¤ ÕÚUÅþñ´UÇU â×æÏæÙ ·¤è çßßð¿Ùæ ·¤èçÁ°Ð Øã ·ê¤ÙæðüÅU â×æÏæÙ âð ç·¤â Âý·¤æÚU çÖóæ ãñ?

23. What is meant by equilibrium in the money market ? How is LM Curve derived in the
money market ?
×éÎýæ ÕæÁæÚU ×ð´ â‹ÌéÜÙ ·¤æ €Øæ ¥Íü ãñ? ×éÎýæ ÕæÁæÚU ×ð´ LM ß·ý¤ ·¤æ ¥Ùé×æÙ ç·¤â Âý·¤æÚU Ü»æØæ ÁæÌæ ãñ?

24. Discuss Hicksian model of trade cycle in terms of multiplier-accelerator interaction.

»é‡æ·¤-ˆßÚU·¤ ¥´ÌÑç·ý¤Øæ ·ð¤ âÕ‹Ï ×ð´ ÃØæÂæÚU ¿·ý¤æð´ ·ð¤ çã·÷¤çâØÙ ×æòÇUÜ ·¤è çßßð¿Ùæ ·¤èçÁ°Ð

25. Explain Endogenous growth theory as propounded by Paul. M. Romer.

ÂæòÜ °× ÚUæð×ÚU mæÚUæ ÂýçÌÂæçÎÌ ¥´ÌÁæüÌ â´ßëçh çâhæ‹Ì ·¤æð ÃØæØæ mæÚUæ SÂcÅU ·¤èçÁ°Ð

OR / ¥Íßæ
D—0108 16
 Elective - III
çß·¤Ë—III

21. Critically comment on the emerging International Monetary System.

©ÖÚUÌè ¥´ÌÚUæücÅþUèØ ×éÎýæ Âý‡ææÜè ÂÚU ¥æÜæð¿Ùæˆ×·¤ çÅUŒÂ‡æè ÎèçÁ°Ð

22. Give a critical account of the problems which developing economics like India are facing
in the wake of WTO stipulations.
WTO ¥ÙéÕ´Ïæð´ ·ð¤ ÂçÚU‡ææ× SßM¤Â ÖæÚUÌ Áñâè çß·¤æâæð‹×é¹ ¥ÍüÃØßSÍæ°´ çÁÙ â×SØæ¥æð´ ·¤æ âæ×Ùæ ·¤ÚU ÚUãè´
ãñ´ ©Ù·¤æ ¥æÜæð¿Ùæˆ×·¤ ŽØæñÚUæ ÎèçÁ°Ð

23. What is meant by ‘Euro-Currency Markets’ ? What factors, in your opinion, contributed
to the growth of ‘Euro-Currency Markets’ ?
ÒØêÚUæð-·¤Úð´Uâè ×æç·ü¤ÅUâ÷Ó ·¤æ €Øæ ¥Íü ãñ? ¥æ·¤è ÚUæØ ×ð´ ÒØêÚUæð-·¤ÚðU‹âè ÕæÁæÚUæð´Ó ·¤è ßëçh ×ð´ ç·¤Ù ·¤æÚU·¤æð´ Ùð
Øæð»ÎæÙ çÎØæ?

24. Distinguish between fixed and flexible exchange rate systems. Which one of the two
you will prefer and why ?
çSÍÚU ¥æñÚU Ü¿èÜð çßçÙ×Ø ÎÚU ÃØßSÍæ¥æð´ ·ð¤ Õè¿ ¥‹ÌÚU ·¤èçÁ°Ð §Ù×ð´ âð ç·¤âð ¥æ Ââ‹Î ·¤Úð´U»ð ¥æñÚU €Øæð´?

25. Critically examine the international debt problems of the developing countries. How
can these problems be overcome ?
çß·¤æâæð‹×é¹ Îðàææð´ ·¤è ¥´ÌÚUæücÅþUèØ «¤‡æ â×SØæ¥æð´ ·¤è ¥æÜæð¿Ùæˆ×·¤ â×èÿææ ·¤èçÁ°Ð §Ù â×SØæ¥æð´ ÂÚU ç·¤â
ÌÚUã âð ·¤æÕê ÂæØæ Áæ â·¤Ìæ ãñ?

OR / ¥Íßæ
Elective - IV
çß·¤Ë—IV

21. Discuss the main trends in agricultural production in India in the wake of economic
reforms.
ÖæÚUÌ ×ð´ ¥æçÍü·¤ âéÏæÚUæð´ ·ð¤ ÂçÚU‡ææ× SßM¤Â ·ë¤çá ©ˆÂæÎÙ ×ð´ ×éØ ÂýßëçžæØæð´ ·¤è çßßð¿Ùæ ·¤èçÁ°Ð

22. What are the major weaknesses of the existing agricultural price policy in India ? How
can these weaknesses, in your opinion, be overcome ?
ÖæÚUÌ ×ð´ ×æñÁêÎæ ·ë¤çá âÕÏè ·¤è×Ì ÙèçÌ ·¤è ×éØ ·¤ç×Øæ´ €Øæ ãñ´? ¥æ·¤è ÚUæØ ×ð´ §Ù ·¤ç×Øæð´ ÂÚU ·ñ¤âð ·¤æÕê
ÂæØæ Áæ â·¤Ìæ ãñÐ
D—0108 17 P.T.O.
23. Describe the structure of agricultural markets in India and its major shortcomings.
ÖæÚUÌ ×ð´ ·ë¤çá ÕæÁæÚUæð´ ·ð¤ Éæ´¿ð ¥æñÚU ©â·¤è ×éØ ·¤ç×Øæð´ ·¤æ ߇æüÙ ·¤èçÁ°Ð

24. Do WTO provisions ensure the sustainable agricultural development in India ? Elaborate.
€Øæ WTO ÂýæßÏæÙ ÏæÚU‡æèØ ·ë¤çá çß·¤æâ âéçÙçà¿Ì ·¤ÚUÌð´ ãñ´? §âð çßSÌæÚU âð ÕÌæ§ØðÐ

25. Discuss the significance of the amendments made in Minimum Wages Act 1948 for the
functioning of labour markets in India.
ÖæÚUÌ ×𴠟æ× ÕæÁæÚUæð´ ·¤è ·¤æØü·¤æçÚUÌæ ·ð¤ çÜ° ‹ØêÙÌ× ×ÁÎêÚUè ¥çÏçÙØ×, 1948 ×ð´ ç·¤° »° â´àææðÏÙ ·ð¤ ×ãˆß
·¤è çßßð¿Ùæ ·¤èçÁ°Ð

OR / ¥Íßæ
Elective - V
çß·¤Ë—V

21. Describe the methodology adopted by the Commission on Agricultural Costs and Prices
(CACP) for determining the Minimum Support Prices (MSP) of agricultural commodities.
·ë¤çá ßSÌé¥æð´ ·¤è ‹ØêÙÌ× â×ÍüÙ ·¤è×Ì (MSP) çÙÏæüçÚUÌ ·¤ÚUÙð ·ð¤ çÜ° ·ë¤çá Üæ»Ìð´ ß ·¤è×Ìð´ ¥æØæð» mæÚUæ
¥ÂÙæ§ü ·¤æØü Âý‡ææÜè ·¤æ ߇æüÙ ·¤çÚUØðÐ

22. Discuss the environmental concerns that have emerged during the post-reforms period
in India.
ÖæÚUÌ ×ð´ âéÏæÚU-©žæÚUæðžæÚU ·¤æÜ ·ð¤ ÎæñÚUæÙ ÂØæüßÚU‡æèØ âÚUæð·¤æÚU Áæð ©ÖÚU ·¤ÚU ¥æ° ©Ù·¤è çßßð¿Ùæ ·¤èçÁ°Ð

23. “Infrastructural facilities are the nerves of the process of development of a developing
economy like India”. Elaborate.
ÒÒÖæÚUÌ Áñâè çß·¤æâæð‹×é¹ ¥ÍüÃØßSÍæ ·¤è çß·¤æâ Âýç·ý¤Øæ ·¤è Ùâð´ ÕéçÙØæÎè Éæ´¿ð âð âÕçhÌ âéçßÏæØð´ ãñ´ÓÓ
âçßSÌæÚU SÂcÅU ·¤èçÁ°Ð

24. Discuss the effects of financial sector reforms in India.

ÖæÚUÌ ×ð´ çߞæèØ ÿæð˜æ ·ð¤ âéÏæÚUæð´ ·ð¤ ÂýÖæßæð´ ·¤è çßßð¿Ùæ ·¤èçÁ°Ð

25. Critically examine the trade reforms that have been introduced in the wake of economic
reforms in India.
ÖæÚUÌ ×ð´ ¥æçÍü·¤ âéÏæÚUæð´ ·ð¤ ÂçÚU‡ææ×SßM¤Â ÃØæÂæÚU âÕ‹Ïè Áæð âéÏæÚU ÜæØð »Øð ©Ù·¤è ¥æÜæð¿Ùæˆ×·¤ â×èÿææ
·¤èçÁ°Ð
D—0108 18
D—0108 19 P.T.O.
D—0108 20
D—0108 21 P.T.O.
D—0108 22
D—0108 23 P.T.O.
D—0108 24
D—0108 25 P.T.O.
D—0108 26
D—0108 27 P.T.O.
D—0108 28
D—0108 29 P.T.O.
 SECTION - IV
¹‡Ç—IV

Note : This part has one question of (40) marks to be answered in upto 1000
words.
(40x1=40 marks)

ÙæðÅ Ñ §â ¹´Ç ×ð´ °·¤ ÂýàÙ ¿æÜèâ (40) ¥´·¤æð ·¤æ ãñÐ çÁâ·¤æ ©žæÚ Ü»Ö» °·¤ ãÁæÚ
(1000) àæŽÎæð´ ×ð´ ÎèçÁ°Ð
(40x1=40 ¥´·¤)

26. Explain the impact of economic reforms on poverty and unemployment in India.
Critically analyse the efficacy of the policy measures introduced in India in this respect.
ÖæÚUÌ ×ð´ çÙÏüÙÌæ ¥æñÚU ÕðÚUæðÁ»æÚUè ÂÚU ¥æçÍü·¤ âéÏæÚUæð´ ·ð¤ ÂýÖæß ·¤è ÃØæØæ ·¤èçÁ°Ð §â âÕ‹Ï ×ð´ ÖæÚUÌ ×ð´ Áæð
ÙèçÌ âÕ‹Ïè ©ÂæØ ¥ÂÙæØð »° ©Ù·¤è ¥æÜæð¿Ùæˆ×·¤ â×èÿææ ·¤èçÁ°Ð

OR / ¥Íßæ

Explain the role of energy sector in the economic development of India. Do you find
any crisis in the power sector. Give a critical account of the power policy of the
government.
ÖæÚUÌ ·ð¤ ¥æçÍü·¤ çß·¤æâ ×ð´ ª¤Áæü ÿæð˜æ ·¤è Öêç×·¤æ ·¤è ÃØæØæ ·¤èçÁ°Ð €Øæ ¥æ ª¤Áæü ÿæð˜æ ×ð´ ·¤æð§ü â´·¤ÅU ÂæÌð
ãñ´? âÚU·¤æÚU ·¤è ª¤Áæü ÙèçÌ ·¤æ ¥æÜæð¿Ùæˆ×·¤ ŽØæñÚUæ ÎèçÁ°Ð

D—0108 30
D—0108 31 P.T.O.
D—0108 32
D—0108 33 P.T.O.
D—0108 34
D—0108 35 P.T.O.
D—0108 36
D—0108 37 P.T.O.
D—0108 38
D—0108 39 P.T.O.
 FOR OFFICE USE ONLY
Marks Obtained

Obtained

Obtained

Obtained

Obtained
Question

Question

Question

Question
Number

Number

Number

Number
Marks

Marks

Marks

Marks
1 26 51 76
2 27 52 77
3 28 53 78
4 29 54 79
5 30 55 80
6 31 56 81
7 32 57 82
8 33 58 83
9 34 59 84
10 35 60 85
11 36 61 86
12 37 62 87
13 38 63 88
14 39 64 89
15 40 65 90
16 41 66 91
17 42 67 92
18 43 68 93
19 44 69 94
20 45 70 95
21 46 71 96
22 47 72 97
23 48 73 98
24 49 74 99
25 50 75 100

Total Marks Obtained (in words) .....................................

(in figures) ....................................

Signature & Name of the Coordinator ...............................

(Evaluation) Date .............................

D—0108 40