C60PHMK
M H,U M B M,UY AJI bH blX 3A,UAHMA
no BblClllEA MATEMATMKE
B rpex lJaCTSIX
Flon o6mei1 penaxunen
.lI.OKTOpa ¢H3HKO-MaTeMaTH4eCKHX nayx, nporpeccopa A. fl. Pfl6YUlIW
lJacTb 3
llonymeHo MHHHcTepcTBoM naponnoro o6pa30BaHHH Beep B Ka4eCTBe Y4e6Horo noco6HH
il.JlH CTYil.eHTOB HH)KeHepHO-TexHH4ecKHx cueuna.m.uocreii BY30B
MHI1CK
.. Bblw3HwaH WKOJla» 1991
55K 22.11 H73 C23
YllK 51(076.1)(075.8)
A B TOp bl: A. fl. Pfl6YUlKO, B. B. EapXaTOB, B. B. Ilepscaeeu H. E. /OpyTb
P e U e H 3 e H T bl: Kacpe.npa BblCWeii MaTeMaTI1KH MOCKOBCKOrO snepreTI14CCKOrO IIHCTI1TYTa; 3aB. Kacpc.npoii BblCWcii MaTCMaTIlKI1 MI1HCKOrO pannoTCXHI14CCKOrO HHCTI1TYTa, n-p cpH3.-MaT. HaYK, npocp. JI. A. YCpKaC
C60PHHK HH.lI.HBH.lI.yaJlbHblX 3a.ll.aHHH no aucurea
C23 MaTeMaTHKe: Y4e6. nocooue. B 3 4. 4.3/ A. n. PH6YllJKO, B. B. Bapxaros, B. B. llep)KaBeu, 11. E. lOpyTb; no.ll. onui. pen. A. Il. PH6YllJKO.- MH.: Buur. llJK., 1991.-288 c.: HJI.
ISBN 5-339-00328-0.
Knnr-a HBJlHCTCH COCTaBHOH 4aCTblO KOMnJlCKCa Y4c6HbiX noco- 611H no KypCy Bblcwcii MaTCMaTI1KI1, uanpa anenmsx na pa3BHTHe H aKTHBH3aUl11O caMOCTOHTC,lbHOH paoorsr cTy.neHTOB BY30B. Conep)KaTCH TCOpCTI14CCKHC CBC.nCHHH 11 Ha60pbl 3a,l(a4 ,n.JlH ayanropnux H I1H.nHBI1,n.yaJlbHbIX 3ail.aHHH no panav, KpaTHblM II KPHBOJlHHeiiHblM aurerpa.na a 11 3J1CMCHTaM TeOp1111 nons.
llJlH CTy,n.CHTOB HH)KCHCpHd-TeXHI14eCKHX cneunansuocrea BY30B.
1602010000- 041
C 9-91
M304(03)-91
661( 22.111173
ISBN 5-339-00328-0 ('I. 3) ISBN 5-339-00483-X
@ KOJlJleKTI1B aBTopOB, 1991
nPE.LI.HCJ10BHE
llaHHaH KHHra HBJlHeTCH rper sea 4aCTblO KOMnJleKCa Y4e6HbIX nOC06HH non 06W,HM Ha3BaHHeM CC60PHHK HH.lI.HBH.lI.yaJlbHhlx 3a.lI.aHHH no eucureit MaTeMaTHKe», HanHcaHHOro B COOTBeTCTBHH C .lI.eHCTBYIOw,HMH nporpaMMaMH Kypca aucuref MaTeMaTHKH B 06beMe 380-450 4aCOB .lI.JlH HH)KeHepHO-TexHH4ecKHX CneUHaJlbHOCTeH BY30B. ::hOT KOMnJleKC TaK)Ke MO)KeT 6bITb HCnOJlb30BaH B Byaax .lI.PYrHX npo<:j:lHJleH, B KOTOPbIX KOJlH4eCTBO 4aCOB, OTBe.ll.eHHOe aa H3Y4eHHe aucureil MaTeMaTHKH, 3Ha4HTeJlbHO MeHbwe. (llJlH sroro H3 npennar-aeaoro MaTepHaJla cnenyer cnenars He06xo.ll.HMYlO BbI60PKY.) Kpove roro, OH BnOJlHe nocrynen .lI.JlH CTY.ll.eHTOB Be4epHHX H 3a04HbiX OT.lI.eJleHHH BY30B.
HaCTOHw,HH KOI\WJleKC noc06HH anpecoBaH npenO.ll.aBaTeJlHM H CTY.ll.eHTaM H npe.ll.Ha3Ha4eH .lI.JlH npoaeneaaa npaKTH4eCKHX 3aHHHIH, caMOCTOHTeJlbHbIX (KOHTPOJlbHbIX) pa60T B aY.ll.HTOpHH H BbI.lI.a4H HH.lI.HBH.lI.yaJlbHblX .lI.OMaWHHX 3a.ll.aHHH no sceu paazte.na a xypca BbIcweH MaTeMaTHKH.
B rpet-seii 4aCTH CC60pHHKa HH.lI.HBHnyansaux 3a.ll.aHHH no BbIcweH MaTeMaTHKe» CO.ll.ep}KHTCH MaTepHaJl no pH.lI.aM, KpaTHblM H KPHBOJlHHeHHblM aurerpanaa H 3J1eMeHTaM reopnn nOJ1H. Ee CTpyKTxpa- 'pHaJlOrH4Ha
3
crpyxrype npensrnyunrx xacrea, a HYMepaUHH r nan, nap arparpos H PHCYHKOB npono.n»caer COOTBeTCTBYIOW,YIO HYMepaUHIO.
ABTOPbl aupaxcator HCKpeHHlO1O 6J1aro.lI.apHOCTb peueH3eHTaM - KOJlJleKTHBY Karpenpu BblcweH MaTeMaTHKH MOCKOBCKoro snepreruvectcor-o HHCTHTYTa, B03r JlaBJlHeMOH 1.JJleHOM-KoppeCrrOH.lI.eHTOM AH CCCP, .lI.OKTOPOM ¢H3HKO-MaTeMaTH1.JeCKHX HaYK, nporpecCOpOM C. 11. nOXO)KaeBbIM, H 3aBe.ll.YIOw,eMY Ka¢e.ll.pOH BblcweH MaTeMaTHKH MHHCKoro pa.ll.HOTeXHH1.JeCKOrO HHCTHTYTa, .lI.OKTOpy ¢H3HKO-MaTeMaTH1.JeCKHX HaYK, npoqieccopy Jl. A. 4epKacy, a TaK)Ke COTPY.lI.HHKaM 3THX xarpenp KaH.lI.H.lI.aTaM ¢H3HKO-MaTeMaTH1.JeCKHX HaYK, .lI.oueHTaM Jl. A. KY3HeUOBY, n. A. WMeJleBY, A. A. Kapnyxy - aa ueHHble 3aMe1.JaHHH H COBeTbl, crroc06CTBOBaBwHe YJlY1.JWeHHIO KHHrH.
Bce OT3bIBbi H rrO)KeJlaHHH npocsoa I1pHCblJlaTb 110 a.apecy: 220048, MHHCK, npocnexr Maurepona, I I, H3.l1.aTeJlbCTBO «Bsnusjnua» WKOJla».
ABTOPbl
METO.LI.JPIECKME PEKOMEH.LI.ALl.M M
Oxap asrepnayea crpyxrypy nOC06I1H, MeTO.ll.l1KY ero HCnOJlb30BaHI1H, opr anaaaumo npOBepKI1 H OlleHKH 3HaHI1H, HaBblKOB 11 YMeHI1H CTY.ll.eHTOB.
Bees npaKTI1'-1eCKI1H MaTepHaJl no KypCy BblcweH MaTeMaTI1KI1 paaneneu aa r.na au, B Ka)K.lI.OH 113 KOTOPbIX .lI.alOTCH neooxonuaue TeOpeTI1'-1eCKHe CBe.ll.eHI1H (OCHOBHble onpeueJleHI1H, cpOpMyJll1pOBKI1 reopev, CPOPMYJlbI), I1cnoJlb3yeMbie npu peWeHHI1 aanax 11 BbInOJlHeHI1H ynpa)KHeHI1H. 113J10)KeHl1e 3TI1X CBe.ll.eHI1H 11J1J1IOCTpl1pyeTcH pciuennsrxa npavepava. (Haxano peWeHI1H npanepoa 0603Ha'-laeTCH CI1MBOJlOM ~, a KOHell- ..... ) 3aTeM .lI.alOTCH nO.ll.60pKH aaziav C OTBeTaMI1 .lI.JlH scex npaKTI1'-1eCKI1X aY.ll.l1TOpHbIX 3aHHTI1H (A3) H .lI.JlH cauoCTOHTeJlbHblX (MI1HI1KOHTPOJlbHbIX) pa60T aa 10- 15M I1HyT BO BpeMH 3TI1X 3aHHTl1ii. 11, uaxoueu, npHBO.ll.HTCH He.ll.eJlbHble I1H.lI.l1Bl1.l1.yaJlbHble .lI.0MaWHl1e 3a.ll.aHI1H (11113) , Ka)K.lI.Oe 113 KOTOPbIX conepxcur 30 Bapl1aHTOB 11 cOnpOBO)K.lI.aeTCH peureaaeu Tl1nOBorO sapaaar a. 4acTb sanav 113 11113 cHa6- )KeHa OTBeTaMI1. B xonue Ka)K.lI.OH rJlaBbl rtpennaratorca .lI.OnOJlHI1TeJlbHble sanavu nOBblweHHOH TPY.ll.HOCTI1.
B npl1J10)KeHHH npuaeneuu nnyxvacoaue KOfITPOJlbHble pa60TbI (Ka)K.lI.aH - no 30 sapaauron) no Ba)KHeHWI1M reMaM xypca.
Hyvepauaa A3 CKB03HaH 11 COCTOI1T 113 .lI.ByX '-II1CCJI: nepnoe 113 HHX YKa3bIBaeT aa rnaay, a sropoe - aa nop snKOBblH HOMep A3 B 3TOH rviaae. Hanpuxep, WI1CPP A3-12.1 oaaa-raer, '-ITO A3 OTHOCI1TCH K naenanuarof r.n aae 11 51SJlHeTCH nepauu no c-rery. B rpersea '-IaCTI1 nocooua co.aep)KI1TCH :2 1 A3 11 10 11113.
llJlH 11113 TaK)Ke npuuara HyMepalll1H no rnasaa. Hanpunep, WI1CPP 11113- 12.2 oauauaer, '-ITO 11113 OCHOCI1TCH K .lI.BeHa.ll.llaTOH r.naae 11 HBJlHeTCH BTOpbIM. BHYTPH Ka)K.lI.OrO 11113 npunara c.nenyioma a HYMepalll1H: nepnoe '-II1CJlO 03Ha-raer HOMep 3a.ll.a'-ll1 B .lI.aHHOM 3a.ll.aHI1I1, a nropoe - HOMep sapuaura. TaKI1M 06pa30M, WI1CPP 11113-12.2: 16 osnavaer, '-ITO CTY.ll.eHT .lI.OJl)KeH SbInOJlHHTb 16-H BapHaHT 113 11113-12.2,
S
KOTOPblH CO.nepIKHT aa.aa-m I. 16, 2.16, 3.16 H T . n. Flpn Bblnave 11113 CTy.neHTaM HOMepa BblnOJIHHeMblX BapHaHTOB M02KHO MeHHTb OT 3a.naHHH K 3a.naHIiIO no KaKOH-JIH60 CHCTeMe HJIH CJIY4aHHbiM o6pa30M. nOJIee roro, MOIKHO npH Bbl.na4e 11113 JII060My CTy.neHTy COCTaBHTb ero BapHaHT, KOM- 6HHHPYH onuorunusre 3a.na4H H3 pa3HbIX BapHaHToB. Hanpusiep, WH<:j:lp 11.II,3· I 2.2: 1.2; 2.4; 3.6; 4.1; 5. I 5 03Ha4aeT, lJTO ct ynetrry cnenyer peurart, B 11113- I 2.2 nepnyio aana-ry 113 napv=vra 2, BTOpylO - H3 sapnatrra 4, rperi.io - H3 aapnarrra 6, xemepryro - H3 napnatrra I H naryto - H3 sapnaura 15. TaKOH KOM6HHHpoBaHHbIH MeTO.n BbI.na4H 11.II,3 n03BO.'1HeT H3 30 BapHaHToB nOJIYlJHTb 60JIbUlOe KOJIHlJE'CTBO HOBblX BapHaHToB.
BHE'.nPE'HHE' 11113 B YlJE'6HbIH npouecc uexoropux BTY30B (ne.'10pycCKHH HHCTHTyT ME'XaHH3aUHH CE'JlbCKOro X03HHCTBa, Be.nopyccxaa no.'1HTE'XHHlJeCKHH HHCTHTyT, llaJlbHE'BOCT04HbIH nOJIHTE'XHHlJE'CKHH HHCTHTYT H np.) nOKa3aJIO, lJTO UE'JIE'CO- 06pa3HeE' BbI.naBaTb 11113 HE' nOCJIE' xaxcnor-o A3 (KOTOpbIX, KaK npaBHJIO, ziaa B HE'.nE'JIIO) , a ontro He.nE'JlbHOE' 11.II,3, BKJIlOlJalOw,eE' B CE'6H OCHOBHOH MaTepHaJi .nByX A3 .naHlloH HE'.neJIH.
lla.nHM HE'KOTOPbIE' 06W,HE' peKOME'H.naUHII no oprauuaaUHH pa60TbI CTy.nE'HTOB B COOTBE'TCTBHH C HaCTOHw,HM noC0611E'M.
I. B By3E' CTy.nE'H4E'CKHE' rpynnu no 25 lJeJIOBE'K, npOBO.nHTCH ziaa A3 B HE'.nE'JIIO, nJIaHHpylOTcH E'IKE'HE'.nE'JIbHbIE' HE'- 06H3aTE'JIbHbIE' .nJIH nOCE'w,E'HHH CTy.nE'HTaMH KOHcYJIbTaUHH, Bbl.naIOTCH HE'.nE'JIbHbIE' 11.II,3. Flpn 3THX YCJIOBHHX .nJIH CHCTeMaTH4eCKoro KOHTPOJIH C BbICTaBJIeHHeM oneuox, YKa3aHHeM OWH6oK H nYTeH HX HcnpaBJIeHHH MoryT 6bITb HCnOJIb30BaHbI BbI.naBaeMble KaIK.noMY npenonana remo MaTpHUbI OTBeTOB H 6aHK JIHCTOB peweHHH, xoropue xarpeztpa 3arOTaBJIHBaeT .n.'1H 11113 (CTy.neHTaM OHH He BbI.naIOTCH). ECJIH MaTpHUbI OTBeTOB COCTaBJIHIOTCH .nJIH acex sanan 113 11113, TO JIHCTbI peweHHH pa3pa6aTWBalOTCH TOJIbKO .nJIH Tex 3a.na4 II BapHaHTOB, r.ne BaIKHO npoaepurt, npaBHJIbHOCTb Bbl60pa Merona, nOCJIe.nOBaTeJIbHOCTH .nei1cTBHH, HaBbIKOB H yMeHHH npn BbIlJHCJIeHHHx. Karpezipa onpenenaer, .nJIH KaKHX 11.II,3 HyIKHbI JIHCTbI peweHHH. JIHCTbI peWE'HHH (O.nHH BapHaHT pacnOJIaraeTCH Ha O.nHOM JIHCTe) HCnOJIb3YlOTCH npH caMOKOHTpOJIe npaBHJIbHOCTH BWnOJIHeHHH 3a.naHHH CTy.nE'HTaMH, npa B3aHMHOM CTy.neHlJeCKOM KOHTpOJle, a -raute npu KOM6HHHpOBaHHOM KOHTpOJIe: npenonaaarern, nposepser JIH Wb npaBHJIbHOCTb BbI60pa MeTo.na, a CTy.neHT no JIHCTY peuieHHH - CBOH BbIlJHCJIeHHH. 3TH MeTo.nbI n03BOJIHIOT nponepurs
6
I{Ll3 25 crY.lI.eHTOB aa 15-20 MHHYT C BblCTaBJlCHHeM oueHOK B )KypHa,T].
2. CTY.lI.eH4eCKHe rpynnu B nyse no 15 4e,T]OBeK, npOBO.lI.HTCH naa A3 B uenemo, B pacnucanne .lI.JlH Ka)K.lI.OH r pyrmu BKJlI04eHbl 06H3aTeJlbHble .lI.Ba xaca B uenemo ca aononroTOBKH non KOHTpOJleM npenonaaarena. Flpn 3THX YCJlOBHHX (xoropue C03.l1.aHbl, aanpuvep. B Benopyccxov HHCTHTYTe MeX3HH3aUHH CeJlbCKOrO X03HHCTBa) opraHH3aUHH HH.lI.HBH.lI.yaJlbHOH, caMoCTOHTeJlbHOH, TBop4ecKoH pa60Tbl cTY.ll.eHTOB, onepaTHBHoro KOHTPOJIH 3a Ka4eCTBOM 3TOH pa60Thl 3Ha4HTeJlbHO yny-nuaercs. PeKOMeH.lI.OBaHHble asnue MeTO.ll.bl npnronuu H B .lI.aHHOM CJlY4ae, O.ll.HaKO nOHBJlHIOTCH HOBbIe B03- MO)KHOCTII. Ha A3 6blCTpee npOBepHIOTCH H oueHHBalOTCH I{Ll3, BO BpeMH 06H3aTeJlbHOH CaMOnO.ll.rOTOBKH MO)KHO npOKOHTPOJlHpOBaTb npop aoorxy reopnn H peureane 11113, Bb!CTaBlITb oueaxn 4aCTH CTY.ll.eHTOB, npHHHTb 3a.ll.OJl)KeHHOCTH no 11113 y OTCTalOlll,HX.
HaKanJlHBaHHe 60,fJblUOrO KOJlH4eCTBa oueuox aa 11113, caMOCTOHTeJlbHble H KOHTPOJlbHble paooru B aynnropnu n03BOJlHeT KOHTPOJlHpOBaTb Y4e6HhlH npouecc, ynpaBJlHTb HM, oueuaaa n, Ka4eCTBO YCBoeHHH asyvaevoro MaTepuana.
Bce 3TO naer B03MO)KHOCTb OTKa3aTbCH OT Tpa.ll.HUHOHuoro aroroeoro ceuecrponoro (ro.aoaor-o) 3K3aMeHa no Marepnany acero cevecrpa (yseouoro rona ) H BBeCTH TaK Ha3blBaeMbII16J104HO-UHKJlOBOH (MO.ll.YJlbHO-UHKJlOBOH) MeTO.ll. oueuxn 3HaHHH H HaBb!KOB CTY.lI.eHTOB, COCTOHlll,HH B CJle.ll.YIOlll,eM. MaTepHaJl cevecrpa (Y4e6Horo rona) pa36HBaeTCH aa 6J10KH (MO.ll.YJlH), no Ka)K.lI.OMY H3 KOTOPblX BblfTOJlHHIOTCH A3, 11113 H B KOHue Ka)K.lI.OrO UHKJla .lI.BYX4aCOBaH nacsweaHaH KOJlJlOKBHYM-KOHTpOJlbHaH pa60Ta, B KOTOpylO BXO.ll.HT 2-3 reopernvecxax sonpoca H 5-6 aana.r. Y4eT oueuox no A3, 11113 H KOJlJlOKBHYMY-KOHTPOJlbHOH n03BOJlHeT BblBeCTH o6beKTHBHYIO 06lll,YIO OUeHKy aa Ka)K.lI.blH 6J10K (MO.ll.YJlb) H HTorOBYIO oueHKY no BceM 6J10KaM (MO.ll.YJlHM) ceMeCTpa (Y4e6Horo rona}. nO.ll.06HblH MeTO.ll. BHe.ll.pHeTCH, uanpnwep, B Benopyccxov HHcTlITYTe MexaHH3aUHH CeJlbCKOrO X03HIICTBa.
B 3aKJlI04eHHe OTMeTHM, 4TO nocooue B OCHOBHOM opnenTHpoBaHo Ha cTY.lI.eHTa Cpe.ll.HHX cnoc06HocTeH, H YCBoeHHe conepxcauieroca B HeM MaTepHaJla r apaur apyer Y.lI.OBJleTBOparern.aue H xopoume 3HaHHH no KYPCY BblcweH MaTeMaTHKH. llJlH onapeuaux H OTJIH4HO ycneaaiounrx CTY.lI.eHTOB ueooxo.lI.HMa nO.ll.rOTOBKa sanauna noesnueuaof CJlO)KHOCTH (HH.lI.HBH.lI.yaJlbHblH nonxon B 06Y4eHHH!) C nepcnercrnaauan no-
7
Olll.pHTeJ1bHbIMH MepaMH. Hanpuvep, MO)!(HO paaparior-art, .Ll.J1H TaKHX CTY.Ll.eHTOB cnennansuue 3a.Ll.aHHH aa aecs CeMeCTp, BKJ1104aIOUl,He 3a.Ll.a4H HaCTOHUI,erO rrOC06HH H .Ll.orrOJ1HHTeJ1bHble 60J1ee CJ10)!(Hble 3a.Ll.a4H H TeOpeTH4eCKHe ynpaxcaeaaa (.Ll.J1H 3TOH ueJ1H, B 4aCTHOCTH, npennaanaxenu .Ll.OrrOJ1HHTeJ1bHble 3a.Ll.a4H B KOHue Ka)!(.Ll.OH r.nanu) . Flpenonaaareni, MO)!(eT BbI.Ll.aTb 3TH 3a.Ll.aHHH B Ha4aJ1e cevecrpa, YCTaHOBHTb rparpnx HX BbIfTOJ1HeHHH non CBOHM KOHTpOJ1eM, paspeunrn, CB060.Ll.HOe nocetueuae J1eKUHOHHbIX HJ1H rrpaKTHlJeCKHX 3aHHTHH 110 BblcweH MaTeMaTHKe H B CJ1Y4ae ycrrewHoH pa60TbI BbICTaBHTb OTJ1H4HYIO OUeHKY .Ll.0 3K3aMeHaUHOHHOH ceCCHH.
12. PSI.LI.bl
12.1. lJ H CJlOBbl E PSlJl.bl. nPH3 HAI(H CXOJl.HMOCTH lJHCJ10BbIX PSlJl.OB
Bupa sceune BH)J.a
UI + Uz + '" + Un + .. , = ~ Un,
n=1
( 12.1)
r.ae u; E R, Ha3blBaeTCH 'tUCAOBbIM pnOOM. 4HCJla UI, Uz, ... , Un, ... Ha3blsalOTCH «nenauu psuia, 4HCJlO Un - 06U{UM 'tAeHOM psuiu.
CYM'Mbl
51 = UJ, 5z = UI + Uz, ... , 5n = UI + u : + '" + u.; uasuaarorcs 'taCTu'tHbIMU cYMMaMu, a S; - n-ii «acruunou CYMMOii pnoa (12.1). ECJlH lim 5" cyuiecrnyer H pa sen 4HCJlY 5, T. e. 5 = lim 5n, TO
n~oo
n~oo
PH)J. (12.1) naauaaercs cxoosuuu ucn, a 5-ero CYMMOii. ECJlH lim 5n
n~oo
He cyuiecrnyer (s 4aCTHOCTH, 6eCKOHe4eH), TO pH)J. (12.1) naauaaerca pacxoosuuuucn. CyMMa
fn=Un+1 +un+z+ ... +Un+k+ ...
Ha3blBaeTCH noM OCTaTKOM psuia (12.1).
ECJlH pH)J. (12.1) CXO)J.HTCH, TO
lim r ; = lim (5 - 5n) = O.
11-00 n_oo
npHMep 1. llaH pH)J. I n(n ~ I)' YCTaHOBHTb CXO)J.HMOCTb .3TOrO
11=1
psaa H HafTTH ero CyMMy.
~ 3anHweM n-IO 4acTH4HylO CyMMy nannoro pana H npeoopaayea ee:
I I I
5n= -1-.-2- + ~ + ... + n(n + I)
= (_!_ - _!_) + (_!_ - _!_) + ... + (_!_ - _1_) = I __ 1_.
I 2 2 3 n n+1 n+1
nOCKOJlbKY
5 = Jim S; = lim (I - __ 1_) = I
n_ 00 n_ 00 n + I '
TO J\aHHblii pHJ\ CXOil.HTCII Hero cyMMa 5 = I .....
PH.D- auna
a + aq + aq' + ... + aqn- I + ...
(12.2) 9
f;[lC1\CTaBJ1HeT couaH CyMMy 4.1eHOB I'CO'\ICTPWICCKOH npor pcccuu co 3HaMCll:nenCM q. Yl3BCCTHO, 'ITO npl1 I ql < 1 p an (12,2) CXOJ\HTCH II ero C)'MMCI S = a/(I - q). Ecnn Iql ~ I, TO pHJ\ (12,2) pucxonurca.
Teopeua 1 (Heo6xoiJuMblu npuena« cxOiJuMOCTU pRiJa). E C/III '1lIC.1OBOII {)Hc! (/2./) CXOOUTCH, TO lim u; =0.
n-- 00
OupaTHOC YTBCp)KJ\elll1e ueaepuo. Hanpu aep, B eap uonuuecno» piu]e
1 + ~ +, + + +, = I +
,1=1
UOU(lIii 4.leH CTpeMI1TCH K uy.nro, on uaxo pH.'\ pacXOJ\HTCH,
Teopesui 2 (iJOCTaTO'lHblU npusna« pacxodumocru psuia}, ECAU lim u.; = a * 0, TO pRO (/2,1) pacxoiiu rc n.
I!--OO
CXOJ\IIMOCTb 11m! P3CXO.'\I1MOCTb '1I1C,10BOI'0 pHj1,3 He HapYUlaeTCH, CCJIIl B HeM OT6poCfHb nlO6oe KOHC'IIlOC 411C.10 4JlCHOB. Ho ero CYMM3, ec.nu OHa CYlUccTByeT, npl1 'ITOM 1!3MCIlHCTCH,
Ilpuvep 2. YlCc.1CJ\OB3Tb 11a CXOJ\IlMOCTb pHJ\
II
31l + 1 '
fI=1
~ 33f1I1WCM 06lUflH 4.1eH il3HHoro ps aa:
II
U" = 3n + I'
Tor ilel
, . nil
11m II" = 11m -3-- = -3 * t,
11--00 n-s--oo n + I
T. e, pRJ\ pacxomrrcs. ~
P aCCMOTpl1 M uexoropue oocraronuue npuenasu C;';OOIl,ItOCTII 'lIlCAOeux pROOG C nOAOJICIlTeAbHblMU '1AeHaMII.
Teopeua 3 (npusnasu cpaenenus }, ECAU oaHul OBa pnoa U I + U2 + ,.. + U" + ... ,
V,+V,+ ... +1.',,+,..
(12.3) (12.4)
u OAR BCeX n» no BblflOAHRIOTCR HepaBeHCTBa 0 < U" :;( U", TO:
I) 113 CXOc!UMOCTU pROa (12.4) cAeoyer CXOOII,ItOCTb psuia (/2.3); 2) 113 paCXOOUMOCTU pROa (12.3) cseouer paCXOOUMOCTb pRoa (12.4). B K34eCTBe PHilOB ilJlH cpaBHeHI1H ueJleC006pa3HO Bbl6f1paTb pHJ\,
l: aq", n~O
i, T::JK)KC rap:.10HI14eCKl1f! (paCXOJ\HlUHiic5l) pHA.
Ilpaaep 3. JloKa3aTb CXOJ\I1MOCTb pan a
I 1 I I
-3" = -1-3 + 2 3' + .. ,+ -3-" + ...
fl· • • II'
(I)
11=1
to
~ 1l..~1l ycrauoaneuna CXO.l\HMOCTH pana (I) BocnOJlb3YCMCll uepa
BeHCTBOM
H CpaBlIl1M .l\aHHbIH ps.a co CXO.QHllI,liMCH PH.!\OM
I q=-<1. 3
11=1
Cor.iacuo npnauaxy cp a aucnua (c~~. reopeuy 3, 11. I), pH.Q (I) CXO.QHTCH. ~
Ilpuaep 4. YlCC.1{'.i\OB<lTb Ha CXO-,\IIMOCTb pH.Q \"' I .
L~
1l~2 ,,\Il - I
I I
~ T3K l(aK
-Yll" _ I Il
paaa 60.1bllJe coor ae rc myioumx 4.1CHOB pacxo.uuucr oca r apuonnueckoro ps aa. 311a411T, IICXO.ilHbIH pH;~ paCXOi.\I1TCH. ~
Teopeua 4 (npusna« /l,'AllaM6epa). Il ucr» OAR psula (12.1) u; > 0 (uaeunasi C He/wTOp0i'O n = 110) II cuuiecreuet n peiie»
>
.i\.lH .11060ro Il ;;;:: 2, TO 4JleHbi ziaunor o
lilll~=q.
/1---+ 00 Un
T020a:
I) npu q < I dannoiu pIU) CXOaUTCR; 2) npu q> I psu) p acxodurcst.
Fl pn q = I npusuax ll.'A.1aM6cpa He naer OTBeTa H3 sonpoc 0 00- JlHMOCTII 11m! paCXOi.\HMOCTIi pa.aa: OH MO/KCT II CXOi.\IITbCH, Ii paCXOi.\HTbCH. B 3TOM CJlY4ae CXO}~H\IOCTb pH.ila HCc.le,lYIOT C nosrouu.io npyrux npIl3H3K()B.
1l=1
~ nOO;O.lbKY II., =
Un t I =
(1l+1)' 2"
, TO
( +1)' 2,,-1
lim~=lilTl Il •
11---+ 00 Un 11---+ 00 tl2 • 211
I ( I )2
-lim 1+-
2/1---+00 n
I -<I 2
Cncnoaarc.u.uo, .il3HHblii pH;l_ CXO,lIITCH. ~
Teopeua 5 (paiJuKallbltblU npusnas Kotuu}, ECAU, nauunas: C HC/WTO. fir
POcO Il=no, U,,>O II 11m vll,,=q, TO npu q e; I psu) (12.1) CXOI)UT(.'I,
'1---+ 00
a npu q ;» I pacxOOUTCII.
Flpu q = I pai.\IIK3.1bHblii npuauax Koum HenpHMeHIIM.
\"' (Il+ I)"
Ilpusrep 6. Ylec,lC.ilOB3Tb na CXOi.\IIMOCTb ps.t L ~
11=1
( Il + I )" I' II + I I' 1+ I III
--_ = 1111 --- = IJTI --'----'-
Sn-I 1l.,~SII-1 1l~~8-1/1l
I
If <I.
q= lim
/1-+00
C.le.ilOBaTc.lbHO, i.\311l1blii pH.il CXO.ilIiTCH. ~
I I
Teopema 6 (uHTeZpaJlbHblU npusnax KOUlU). Il ucr» 'iAeHbl pfloa (12.1) MOHOTOHHO y6blBalOT U ljJyHK/{Ufl Y = f(x), nenpepmenasi npu x;;;., a ;;;., I,
00
TaKOBa, 'iTO f(n) = u., T020a PflO (12.1) U UHTe2paA I f(x)dx OOHOBpeMeH-
a
HO CXOOflTCfl UAU pac xoiinrcn.
Hanpuvep, nOCKOJlbKY ( __!__ dx (a E R) CXO.ll.HTCH npn a> I H pacxoJ XU
I
.ll.HTCH npa a ~ I, TO PflO Ilupux ne
\"' __!__ CXOil.HTCH npa a> I H pacxo-
Ln"
.ll.HTCH npn a ~ I.
CXO.ll.HMOCTb MHorHX PHil.OB MO/KHO HCCJleil.OSaTb nYTeM cpaBHeHHH HX C coornercraytoumx PHil.OM llHpHxJle.
L 2n
Ilpnxep 7. Hccnenona n, aa CXOil.HMOCTb pan --_:__-
(n2 + 1)2
n=1
2x
~ OOJlO/KHM, 4TO f(x)= (X2 + 1)2' 3Ta <!>YHKLJ,HH ynoanernopaer
BCeM Tpe60BaHHflM nnrerpam.uor-o npnan axa KOWH. Torna Heco6CTBeH>lb1H nurerp an
B
( 2x dx = lim ( 2x dx = - lim
J (X2 + I? B~oo J (X2 + 1)2 B~oo
I I
T. e. CXOil.HTCfI, a 3Ha4HT, il.aHHbIH pan TaK/Ke CXOil.HTCH. ~
4HCJlOBOH pan (12.1), 4J1eHbl u; xoroporo nocne Jl106oro uowep a N (n> N) HMelOT p aaaue 3HaKH, aaasmaerca enaxonepeuennouc.
ECJlH pan
(12.5)
CXOil.HTCH, TO pan (12.1) TaK/Ke CXOil.HTCH (3TO .ner so il.OKa3bIBaeTCH) II 113- 3blBaeTCH a6COAIOTHO CXOOflUiUMCfl. ECJIH pHil. (12.5) paCXOil.HTCH, a PHil. (12.1) CXOil.HTCH, TO pHil. (12.1) Ha3blBaeTCH yCAo6HO (Hea6coAIOTHO) cxoOflUiUMCfl.
OPH HCCJleil.OBaHHH pana na a6COJllOTHYlO CXOL\HMOCTb HCnOJlb3YlOTCH npH3HaKH CXOil.IlMOCTH C nOJIO/KHTeJlbHbIMH 4JleHaMH PHL\OB.
\"' sin no:
npHMep 8. Hccnenoaar s u a CXOL\HMOCTb pan L --n-2- (a E R).
n=1
~ PaCCMOTpHM pa n, COCTaBJleHHblii H3 a6COJllOTHblX SeJlH4HH 4JleliQB
il.aHHOrO pana, T. e. pan L n=1
Isin nal n2
(a E R). TaK KaK [sin nal ~ I, TO
4J1eHbl HCXOil.HOrO pnna He 60JlbWe 4J1eHOB pana llHpHxJle L ~2 (a = 2), n=1
12
KOTOPbIH, KaK H3BeCTHO, CXO,UHTCll. CJle,UOBaTeJlbHO, ua OCHOBaHHH npn- 3HaKa CpaBUeHHllM (CM. reopewy 3, n. 1) ,UaHHbIH pll,U CXO,UHTCll a6coJlIOTHO. ~
Pll,U BH,Ua
(12.6)
rne u.; ~ 0, Ha3blBaeTCH 3HQKO'iepeOYIOw,UMCR pROOM.
Teopeua 7 (npU3HaK JIeu6Huqa). ECAU OAR 3HQKO'iepeoylOw,e20CJl PROQ (12.6) UI > U2 > '" > u; > .. ' H lim Un = 0, TO pRO (/2.6) CXOOUTCJl
n~oo
U e20 cyMMa S yooBAeTBopReT yCAOBUIO ° < S < UI.
Cneocreue. OCTQrOK r; PROQ (12.6) eceeoa yooBAeTBopReT YCAOBUIO Ifni < Un+l.
Hanpuuep, pH,U
I I I )"-1 I
1-2+3-4+ ... +(-1 n+'"
CXO,UHTCll, TaK KaK BbmOJlHeHbl YCJlOBHll npnauaxa JIeH6HHu,a. OH CXO,UHTCll
I I I
YCJlOBHO, TaK KaK pll,U I + 2 + 3 + .. ' + n + ... paCXO,UHTCll.
A6COJllOTHO cxonaumecs pll,Ubl (B OTJlH'lHe OT YCJlOBHO cxonsumxca) 06J1a,UaIOT CBOHCTBaMH CYMM KOHe'lHoro 'lHCJla cnar aeuux (aanpuaep. OT nepeaeuu MeCT cn ar aeaux CYMMa He MeHlleTCll).
Bepna CJle,UYIOUlall
Teopema 8. ECAU 'iUCAOBOU pRO CXOOUTCR YCAOBHO, TO, saoa« AI060e 'iUCAO a, MO:JfCHO TaK nepecraeurs 'iAeHbl psuia, 'iTO e20 cyMMa OKa:JfCeTCR paBHOU a. Bonee T020, MO:JfCHO TaK ne pecraeurs «netu» YCAUBHO cxoosuue- 20CR psuia, 'iTO pRO, nonuuennsii: nOCAe nepeCTQHOBKU, 6yoeT paCXOORW,U.MCR.
npOHJlJlIOCTpHPyeM reopevy 8 ua npHMcpe. PaccMoTpHM YC,10BHO cxo,UlllllHHCll pan
I I I I I n-I I
1-2+3-4+5"-6+ ... +(-1) --;+ ... =S.
Ilepecraanu ero 'lJleHbl TaK, 'lTo6bl nocne xaxcnoro nOJlO)l(HTeJlbHorO 'l,lClla CTOllJlH ,UBa OTpH uarem.uux. nOJlY'lHM
I I I I I I I I
I - 2 - 4 + 3 - 6 - 8" + 5" - 10 - T2 + ... +
I I I
+ 2k - I - 4k - 2 - 4k + .. '
CJlO/KHM reneps Ka/K,UbIH nOJlO/KHTe,lbHbIH 'lJ1ell C nOCJlC,UYlOlllHM OTPllu,aTeJlbHbIM:
I I I I I. I I I
2 - 4 + 6 - 8" + 10 - IT + .. , + 4k - 2 - 4k + .. , =
= +(1- ++ ~ - T+ {-- -i-+ ... +
I I ) I
+ 2k - I - 2k + '" = 2 s.
O'leBH)l.HO, 'lTO CyMM3 HCXO)l.HOro paaa YMeHbWHJlaCb ansoel
13
npHMep 9. I1cCJle.D.OBaTb na CXO.D.HMOCTb p5l.D.
\' (_ I)" - 1 2n + I .
L n(n+l)
(I)
n=1
~ TaK KaK '1J1eHbl .D.aHHOrO anaxosepenyiourcroca pana MOHOTOHHO
2n+ I
y6blBalOT H lim = 0, TO, COrJlaCHO npusuaky JIeH6HHlI,a, pH.D.
n-oo n(n + I)
(1) CXOJ],HTCH.
PaCCM'OTPHM reneps PH.D., COCTaBJleHHblH 113 a6COJlIOTHblX BeJl"4HH '1.1eHOB pana (I), T. e. OHiI
2n+ I n(n+ I)'
(2)
2x+ I
06lllHH '1J1eH KOTOpOrO sanaerca <!>YHKl.\HeH [(x) = x(x + I) npa x = n.
Hai1.ueM
8
( 2x+ I dx= lim ((..!__ + _1_)dX=
) x(x+ I) 8_00) x x+ I
I I
= lim (In Ixl + In Ix + II) I~ = lim (In B(B + I) -In 2) = 00.
8 __ 00 8--+00
CJleJl.OBaTeJlbHO, PH.D. (2) pacxonurca. H n03ToMY pH.u (I) CXO.D.HTCH YCJlOBHO. ~
npHMep 10. Bbl'lllCJlIITb CYMMY psna-
I I (1)2 I ( I )3 I ( I )"
"2+2T "2 +31 "2 +"'+-;;T "2 + ...
C TO'lHOCTblO 6 = 0,001.
~ BCRKaH n-H '1aCTH4HaH CYMMa CXO.D.HlllerOCH pana RBJlHeTCH npn- 6J1HlKeHHeM K ero CYMMe C TO'lHOCTblO, He npesocxonaurea a6COJIIOTHOH BeJlH'IHHbl OCTaTKa aroro pana. BbIHCHIIM, npa KaKOM KOJllI'leCTBe 'IJleHOB n-H '1aCTH'IHoi1 CYMMbI BblnOJlHHeTCH HepaBeHCTBO I r; I ~ 6.
llJlH nauuoro pnna
I (-21 )"+1 + (I )"+2
r« = (n + I)! -:(n-+-2-:-)"-!"2 + ...
TaK KaK (n + I)! < (2n + 2)! < (2n + 3)! < ... , TO
f" ~ (n ~ I)! (+)"+1 (I + ~ + (~y + .. .) = -:-(n-+-I)c.,-! (+r
OYTeM nonoopa nerxo HaliTH, 'ITO r ; < < 0,001 npa n = 4. Cne-
120·16
.uOBaTeJlbHO, cYMMa n auuor o pan a (c T04HOCTbIO 6 = 0,001)
I I 1 I
S ~ 54 = 2' + "8 + 48 + 384 = 0,648. ~
14
tI=1
C T04HOCTbIO 6 = 0,001.
~ TaK KaK il.aHHbIH pan - 3H3K04epeil.YIOUJ,HHCH, CXO,lllfUJ,HHCH, TO BeJlH4HHa oT6poWeHHOrO npu Bbl4HCJleHHH OCTaTKa pana, KOTOPblH r aioxe ,HBJlHeTCH 3HaK04epeil.ylOUJ,I1MCH PHil.OM, He npeBOCXOil.HT nepaoro OT6poureuuoro 4JleHa (ua OCHOB3HHH CJleil.CTBHH 113 npH3H3K3 JIeil6HHu,3). HY)f{-
" I
Hoe 4HCJlO 4JleHOB /I Hallil.CM nyrev noaoopa H3 Hep3BeHCTBa -2-- ,;;;:;
n ·2"
,;;;:; 0,001. OpH n = 6 noc.ne.nnee uepaaeucrao BblnOJIHHeTCH, 3H34HT, eCJlH oT6poCHTb B il.aHHOM p sne see 4Jlelibl, Ha4HH3H C urecroro, TO Tpe6yeM3H T04HOCTb 6y zier otiecnevena. C,leil.OBaTeJlbHO,
I I I I I
S",=,S"=2-T6+ 72 - 256 + 800 =0,449. ~
A3-12.1
1. lloKa3aTb CXOJU1MOCTb pana H HaiiTH ero CYMMY:
(3n - 2) (3n + I)
6) I
5" +2" 10"
11=1
11=1
(OTBeT: a) 1/3; b) 5/4.)
2. HCCJleJl,OBaTb Ha CXOJl,HMOCTb CJleJl,YlOlUHe P51Jl,bI:
a) I /12 6) I3n-1
2n3 _ I ' (--Ji)" '
n=1 n=1
00
B) I 3n r) I _1_(1l+2)"o+211;
2"(n +2) 2" n + I
11=1 11=1
JI,) In tg rt • e) I nt
~' 7'
11=1 11=1
3. lloKa3aTb, lJTO:
a) . an 6) lim (2n)! = 0 a> J.
llm-=O; npH
n-e- co n! fl~OC> ani 4. C nOMOlUblO anrerpa.nsnoro npnanaxa KOllJH HCCJleJl,OBaTb na CXOJl,HMOCTb CJlE'JI,YlOlUHe P51Jl,bI:
15
3) L 6) Ln.
n2 +2n+5 ' 7+('
n=1 n=(
B) L nl~2n·
~2 CaMOCTOSlTeJlbHaSi patiora
t. I. 1l0K333Tb CXO)],I1MOCTb PH)],3
L 3" + 5"
11 H3HTH
15"
n=1
ero CyMMy. (GTBeT: 3/4)
2. HCCJle)]'oB3Tb H3 CXO)],I1MOCTb PH)],
2. I. 1l0K333Tb CXO)],I1MOCTb PH)],3 \' I H
L (2n _ I) (2n + I)
i~1
H3HTl1 ero CyMMy. (GTBeT: 1/2.)
2. HCCJle)]'oB3Tb H3 CXO)],I1MOCTb PH)], \' ---,,_n_,,L (n'+4? .
11=1
3. I. 1l0K333Tb CXO)],I1MOCTb PH)],3 \' I H
L (3n _ 1)(3n + 2)
n=(
1:3HTI1 ero CyMMy. (GTBeT: 1/6.)
2. HCCJle)]'oB3Tb H3 CXO)],I1MOCTb PH)],
\' nn L 3"n! .
11=1
A3-12.2
1. HCCJle)]'OB3Tb H3 yCJlOBHYIO 11 36COJllOTHYIO CXO)],I1MOCTI1 CJle)],YIOIUl1e PH)],bI:
3) L (_1)n-1 ~; 6) L (-lr-'n.2-n;
n~1 n~1
00 00
B) L (-Ir-' n2~9; r) L (- 1 r - 1 6n: 5 ;
n~1 n~1 16
n) '\ cos(2na).
L n2+1 '
(-I)"
n-In n
n~1
n~1
2. COCTaBHTb paaaocrs .lI.ByX paCXO.ll.Htll,HXCH PH.lI.OB
I 2n ~ I H I 21n H accnenoaars aa CXO.ll.HMOCTb nOJlYlJeH-
n~1
n~1
HbIH pan.
3. HaHTH CyMMy pana '\ I C TOlJHOCTblO 6 = 0,01.
L 2nn2
n=l
(GTBeT: 0,58.)
4. CKOJlbKO nepaux lJJleHOB PH.lI.a HY)!{HO B3HTb, lJTo6bI HX cyMMa OTJlHlJaJlaCb OT CYMMbI pana aa BeJlHlJHHY, MeHburyro, lJeM 10-6:
fl=1
n=1
CaMOCTOSlTeJlbHaSi panora
1. 1. Hccnenoaari, aa YCJlOBHYIO H a6COJllOTHYIO CXO.ll.I1-
MOCTH pan '\ (-It_I_2-.
L n In n
n~1
2. HaHTH CYMMY pana I (_1)n-1 ~~~nl' orpaun-
n=l
lJHBWHCb TpeMH ero lJJleHaMH. OueHHTb a6COJllOTHYIO norpewHOCTb BbIlJHCJleHHH. (GT6eT: S = 0,266, 6 = 0,01.)
2. 1. Hccnenoaari, aa YCJlOBHYIO H a6COJllOTHYIO CXO.ll.H-
MOCTH pan I (-It I[~n .
n~1
2. HaHTH CYMMY pana '\ (_I)n-' (0,7)" orpaun
L (n-I)!' -
n=l
lJHBWHCb TpeMH ero nepauva lJJleHaMH. OueHHTb a6COJlIOTHYIO norpeumocrt, BbIlJHCJJeHHH. (GTBeT: S = 0,56, 6 = 0,1.)
17
il.JlR scex xE D, TO pRil. (1.2.7) Ha3blBaeTCR paanouepno CXOOJHU,UMCR 8 D. B cJlY4ae paBHoMepHoH CX0il.HMOCTH ¢YHKUHOHaJlbHOrO pHil.a ero n-H 4aCTH4HaR eYMMa HBJlHeTCH npH6J1H/KeHlleM CYMMbl pHil.a e Oil.HOH H TOH lKe T04HoeTblO il.JlR acex xED.
<PYHKUHOHaJlbHbiH pHil. (12.7) Ha3bIBaeTCH Ma:JICopupyeMblM B nesoropoa 06J1a CT(-! D, eCJlH cyuiccr ayer CXOil.HW.I1HCll 4HCJlOBOH pHil.
~ an (an> 0),
Il=l
(12.9)
TaKOH, 4TO il.JlH BCeX xED cnpaaennuau HepaBeHCTBa:
IUk(X)1 ~ak (k= 1,2, ... ).
PHil. (12.9) Ha3blBaeTCH Ma:JICOpaHrHblM (Ma:JICopupYIOL«UM) pROOM. Hanpnvep. ¢YHKUHOHaJlbHbIH pHil.
COS X COS 2x COS 3x COS nx
-1- + -2-2- + -3-2- + ". + -n-l- + '"
I I I
MalKopHpyeTcH PHil.OM I + 22 + 32 + ... + ;.;- + ... , TaK KaK I COS nxl ~ I.
llaHHblH ¢YHKUHOHaJlbHbIH pHil. paBHOMCpl1O CX0il.IITCH aa BCeH OCH OX, nOCKOJlbKY OH MalKopHpyeTcH npn JlI060M X.
PaBHOMepHO CX0il.Hw.HeCH pHil.bi 06J1ail.aIOT HeKOTOpblMH 06W.HMH CBOHCTBaMH:
I) eCJlH 4J1eHbl paBHOMepHO CX0il.Hw.erOCH pana nenpepusuu na HeKOTOPOM OTpe3Ke, TO ero CYMMa TaK/KC uenpepuana ua 3TOM orpcsxe:
2) eCJlH 4J1eHbi psna (12.7) aenpepusau na orpeaxe [a; bj H pHil.
paBHOMepHO CXOil.HTCH ua 3TOM OTpe3Ke, TO B C"1Y4ae, xor.aa [a; ~l c: fa; bj,
~ [1
I S(x)dx = ~ I un(x)dx,
a. n=l a
rzie S(X)-CyMMa pHil.a (12.7);
3) eCJlH pHil. (12.7), COCTaBJleHHblH 113 ¢YHKUHH, HMelOw.HX nenpePblBHble np0113BO,'\Hble sa OTpe3Ke [a; bj, CXOil.HTCH ua :HOM OTpe3Ke K CYMMe S(x) II pHil. ui (x) + uf(x) + .. , + u~(x) + ... paBHOMepHO CXOJ],HTCH na TOM lKe OTpe3Ke, TO
uf(x) + U2(X) + '" + u~(x) + .. ' = S'(x).
Crenennsiu PROOM Ha3blBaeTCH ¢YHKUHOHaJlbHbIH pHil. BHJ],a
ril.e ao, ai, Q2, ... , an, ... - nOCTOHHHble 4HC.1a, lIa3blBaeMbie K03¢){IJUl{ueHrauu psula, Xu - ¢HKCHpOBaHHoe 4I1CJlO. Ilpn Xo = 0 nOJlY4aeM CTeneHHOH pHil. BHil.a
~ a.x", 11=0
(12.10)
Teopema 1 (A6e/I.R), I. ECAU crenennou pRO (12./0) cxoourcs npu nesoropou snauenuu X = XI =1= 0, TO OH a6COAIOrHO CXOOUTCR npu 8CRKOM 3Ha'LeHUll X, Y008Aer80pRIOUI,eM YCA08UIO I x] < I xII.
19
2. ECAU CTeneHHOU pRU (12.10) pacxoouTCR npu HeKoTopoM 3Ha~eHUU x = X2, TO OH paCXOOUTCR npu AI06blX X, OAR KOTOPblX I xl > I x21.
HeOTpHUaTeJlbHOe 4HCJlO R, TaKOe, 41'0 npa BCeX Ixi < R CTeneHHOH pHil. (12.10) CXOil.HTCH, a npn acex I xl > R - paCXOil.HTCH, Ha3blBaeTCH paouuco« cxoousioctu psula. I1HTepBaJl (- R; R) Ha3b1BaeTCH unrepea.nou CXOOUMOCTU psu)a (12.10).
Panayc CXOil.HMOCTH creneuuor-o pana (12.10) onpe.nennerca <!>0PMYJlOH
R = lim I...!!:::_I HJlH R = lim __ 1 __ ,
n~oo an+1 n-e-oo ~
(12.11)
eCJlH, Ha4HHaH C uexoroporo n;:;_" no, ace an =1= O. (llpennoaar-aerca, 41'0 yxaaanuue n penenu CYW.eCTBYIOT HJlH 6eCKOHe4HbI.) <POPMYJlbl (12.11) nerso nOJlY4HTb, BOCnOJlb30BaBWHCb COOTBeTCTBeHHO npH3HaKoM n' AJlaM- 6epa HJlH pail.HKaJlbHbiM npH3HaKoM KOWH.
00 2n. x" Ilpuaep 2. HaHTH 06J1aCTb CXOil.HMOCTH creneuuor-o pana ~ ---. n = 1 3" . .,;;;
~ TaK KaK
2n
a" = 3"";;;'
TO
2".3"+'-v;:+! 3 -R 3
R = lim = - lim I + - = -.
n~ 00 2" + I • 3" .,;;; 2 n~ 00 n 2
3Ha4HT, CTeneHHOH pan CXOil.HTCH B nnrepaane (- 3/2; 3/2). Ha xoun ax sror-o narepsana pHil. MO)KeT CXOil.HTbCH HJlH paCXOil.HTbCH. B HaweM npa-
Mepe npa x=-3/2 il.aHHblH pan npHHHMaeT BHil. L(-I)" ~. OH
n=1
CXOil.HTCH no npH3HaKY JleH6HHua. npH x = 3/2 nOJlY4aeM pHil. L ~,
n=1
4J1eHbI xoropor o 60JlbWe COOTBeTCTBYIOW.HX 4J1eHOB pacxonaureroca r ap aoHH4eCKoro pana. 3Ha4HT, npa x = 3/2 CTeneHHOH pan paCXOil.HTCH. CnenoBaTeJlbHO, 06J1aCTblO CXOil.HMOCTH HCXOil.HOrO creneauor o pHil.a HBJlHeTCH nOJlYHHTepBaJl [-3/2; 3/2). ~
ECJlH ziau pan BHil.a ~ a"(x - Xo)", TO er o pannyc CXOil.HMOCTH R n=O
onpenenacrca raxxce no <!>opMYJle (12.11), a HHTCpBaJlOM CXOil.HMOCTH 6y zier HHTepBaJl C ueurpox B T04Ke x = Xo: (xo - R; Xo + R).
Ilpnuep 3. HaHTH 06J1aCTb CX0il.HMOCTH creneanor o pana
\' (-I)" (x-2)" .
L 2"-v;:+!
n=O
20
~ HaH,UeM panuyc CXO,UHMOCTH zra auor o pana:
R = lim (2"+ 1-rn+2) = 2 lim ~ r;:;+2 = 2
n-e-oc 2"..r;:+I n-e-co --V~ ,
T. e. pan CXO,UHTCfI B nnrepaane (0; 4). Ilpu x = 0 nOJlY4aeM pfl,U
~I ~, KOTOPblH pacxcnurcn, TaK KaK ero 4.7eHbI 60JlbWe 4J1eHOB
pacxona uieroca rapxo anuecxoro pana, a npa x = 4 - pH,U \"' ( _ I)" __ 1 __ ,
n~ ..r;:+I
rne lim I = 0, CXO,Uflll.(HHCfI no npH3HaKY JleH6HHu,a. 06J1aCTb
n_oo ..r;:+I
CXO,UHMOCTH na auorc pana (0; 4]. ~
npHMep 4. HaHTH 06J1aCTb CXO,UHMOCTH pana
I~
, . n.
Il=O
~ Haxo,UHM panuyc CXO,UHMOCTH pfl,Ua:
R= lim (_1_,: ( 11)')= lim (n+I)=oo.
n_oo fl. n +. n __ oo
CJle,UOBaTeJlbHO, ,UaHHblH pan CXO,UHTCfI ua BceH 4HCJlOBOH npHMoii. OTclO,Ua, B 4acTHocTH, C Y4eToM He06xo,UH Moro n pH3H3 xa CXO,UH MOCTH pana (CM. x"
§ 12.1, reopevy I) nOJlY4aeM, 4TO lim 1=0 ,UJlfI JlI060ro KOHe4Horo x. ~
n oo n.
Ha BCflKOM crpeaxe [a; ~], JlelKallleM BHyTpH nurepaana CXO,UHMOCTH, CTeneHHoH pfl,U CXO,UHTCfI paauovcpao. n03ToMY ero cyMMa B uurepaane CXO,UHMOCTH flBJlfleTCH HenpepblBHoii <jJYHKu,Heii. Crencnuuc Pfl,Ubl MOlKHO n04J1eHHO HHTerpHpoB3Tb H ,UH<jJ<jJepeH1iHpoB3Tb B HX HHTepBaJlaX CXO,UHMOCTH. P3,UHyC CXO,UHMOCTH npn 3TOM He H3MeHHeTCfI.
Ilpuuep 5. HaHTH CyMMy pnna
x:1 xJ
x+3+T+"'+
X2n-1
211-1 + ...
~ Ilpu Ixl < I ,U3HHblii pH,U CXO,UIITCH (T3K K3K R = I), 3Ha4HT, ero MO/KHO n04J1CHHO ,UH<jJ<jJepeHu,HpoBaTb B HHTCpBaJle CXOIl:HMOCHI. 0603Ha4HB CyMMY pH,U3 'lepe3 S (x), HMee~
S'(x) = I + x' + x' + ... + X',,-2 + ..
TaK KaK Ixl < I, no,1Y4eHHb1H pH,U ecru cYMMa 4J1eHOB y6bIBalOll.(E'ii reoMeTpH4ecKoH nporpeccnu co 3H3MCH3TeJleM q = x' Hero cyMMa S'(x) = I
I _ x2' npOHHTerpHpOBaB pH,U 113 npOH3BO,UHbIX, H3ii,UCM CyMMy ,UaH-
noro pnna:
x
S(x)= (_1_2 dx= ..!...lnl..::.±..!...11 (Ixl < I). ~
j j .;', 2 x-I
o
21
A3-12.3
J. Hajrm 06.1laCTb CXO.ll.HMOCTH xaxczroro H3 caenyiouinx
P51.ll.0B: f' x" f' n
a) L (n+I).2"' 6) L n:1 (~);
11=0
n=l
B) \,~.
L n~+ I'
n=1
r) L 411X"
3"-V(n+l)" ,
11=0
e) L 2t1-lx2(n-l)
~
11=2 fl_:_O
n) \' (x + 2)" .
L (2n- 1).4"'
(GTeeT: a) -2~x<2; 6) -I <x< I; B) -1/2~x~ ~1/2;r) -3/2~x~3/2;.lI.) -8~x<2;e) --{2/2~ ~ x~-{2/2.)
2. Haarn 06JJaCTb paanovepuof CXO.ll.I1MOCTH cneayioiunx P51.ll.0B:
a) \' sinnx; L Il!
6) \' cos nx .
L 211
11=0
11=1
3. npHMeHHB nOlweHHoe nnrerpapoaanne H .lI.HcpCPepeHUHposauae, HaiiTH CYMMbI yxasanuux P51.ll.0B:
a) \'..=:::._; L Ii
//=1
6) L (n + I)xn.
rI=l
(GTeer: a) -In(l-x)(-I~x<I); 6) I (lxl<I))
(x-I)" .
CaMOCTOHTenbHaH pa60Ta
J. I. Hajiru oo.nacn, CXO.ll.HMOCTH psna L
11=2
5"~'
(GTBeT: - ~ ~ x < ~ .)
2. Hajrm CyMMy psna __!_ + 2, + 2. + '" + ~ + ...
x x~ Xi XII
(GTBeT: __ x_, (Ixl > I).) (x- 1)-
22
2. I. HaiiTii HHTepBaJl CXO,nHMOCTH pazta
\' 2"(x-3)" L 5"-";/1'-0.5
fl=!
11 HCCJle,nOBaTb CXO,nHMOCTb aa KOHuaX sroro aarepaana. (OTBeT: (1/2; 11/2), PH,n CXO,nHTCH npu X= 1/2 H X= 11/2.)
2. HaiiTH oo.nacri, CXO,nHMOCTH pazra
fl=1
3. I. HaiiTH HHTepBaJl CXO,nHMOCTH pazta L IOn x" - I H
11=1
accnenoaari, CXO,nHMOCTb aa xoauax sroro mrrepsana. (OTBeT: (-[/10; 1/10), PH,n pacxonarcs npa x=+I/IO.)
2. HaiiTH 06J1aCTb CXO,nHMOCTH pazta L 7,.
11=0
12.3. ~OPMYJIbl H PSI J]. bl TEflJIOPA H MAKJIOPEHA.
PA3JIO)l(EHHE ~YHKUHfI B CTEnEHHblE PSlJ].bl
ECJlH <VYHKUH5I lj = fix) HMceT npouaaonuue B OKpeCTHOCTH T04KH x = Xo no (n + 1 )-ro nopanxa BKJlI04HTeJlbHO, TO cyuiecr ayer T04Ka c = Xo + + O(x - xo) (0 < 0 < I), raxaa, 'ITO
f'(xo) f" (xo) ,
f(x)=f(xo) + -1-' -(x- Xo) + -2-! -(x - Xo)- + ... +
f("l(xo) "
+ -n-' -(x-x,,) + R,,(x}. (12.12)
f(,,+I)(c) ,,+1
rne R,,(x) = (n + I)! (x- xo) .
<l>opMYJla (12.12) Ha3b1BaeTC5I rjJOpJ.tljAOU Teu nopa <VYHKUI1H Y = fix) .ll..~51 T04KH xu. Rn(x) - OCTaTOIfHblJ.t 'L1eHOJ.t rjJOpJ.tYAbl Teanopa (J rjJopMe Jlaepansca. MHOrO'lJleH
. f' (xo) . [<n) (xo). . n
P,,(x) = f(xo) + -1-' - (x - xo) + ... + -n-!- (x - .10)
H33bIB3eTC5I J.tHOeO'lAeHOJ.t Teanopa <VYHKI(HI( Y = fix).
OPl1 Xo = 0 npHXO.ll.HM K 43CTHOM,)' CJlY4310 <VOpMy.~bl (12.12):
f' (0) r (0) f(n)(o)
f(x)=f(O)+ -I'-x+ 2"!x2+ ... + _,,_!_xn+ R,,(x}, (12.1:3)
r:» (e)
rne R,,(x) = x"; c=Ox (0<0< I).
(n+I)!
<l>0PMYJl3 (12.13) H33bIB3eTC5I rjJ0PJ.tYAOII MaKAopeHa <VyHKUHH
y=f(x).
23
nplIMep I. P33,10/KIITb no CTeneH51M P33HOCTII x - I <VYHKUlllO Y = = X4 - 3X2 + 2x + 2.
~ llJJ51 roro 4T06bl BOCnOJJb30B3TbC51 <V0pMy.10H TeHJJOp3 npa Xo = I,
y(I)=2, y'(I)=(4x3-6x2+2)lx~1 =0,
y" (I) = (12x2 - 12x) I x~ 1 = 0, y'" (I) = (24x - 12) I x~ 1 = 12, yIV(I)=24, yV(x)=O
II T. JI.. CJJe)l.OB3Te.1bHO,
x' - 3X2 + 2x + 2 = 2 + 2(x - Il' + (x - I)'. ~
npllMep 2. 33nllc3Tb MHOr04JJeH Tea.iopa <VYHKIlHII y = _!_ B T04Ke x
Xo = I.
~ H3XO)l.IIM npOIl3BO)l.HWe )l.3HHOH <VYHKIlIIII II IIX 3H34eHH51 B T04Ke Xo= I:
y(x)lx~1 = I, y'(I)= - ~I = -I,
x x= I
Y"(I)=~I =2, Y"'(I)=~I =-6,
x x= I X X= I
YIV(I)= 1.2.3.41 -24 (n)( -(_ "~I -(-'"
XOX~I- , ... ,y 1)- I) X,,+I X~I- I)n ..
CJJe)l.OB3 TeJI bHO,
(x-I) 2 2 6, ,
P,,(x)=I---I!-+2T(x-l) -31(X-IJ + ... ,
+ (-lr4(x-I)" = I-(x-I) + (x_I)2_ (x-I)' + ... + (-I)"(x-I)".
n.
OCT3T04HblH 4JJeH <V0pMy.1bl Tcn.nopa )l.,l51 JI.3HHOH <VYHKUIIII IlMeeT BIIJI.
R (x) - (_ 1)"+ 1 (x - I r+ I (0 < 0 < I). ~
,,- (I + O(x - 1))"+2
C<V0PMYJJIIPYCM YC/lOBUe pa3/l0JiCUMOCTU ljJyHKl{UU B pRO Teasopa. Ec nu IjJYHKl{UR f (x) ouljJljJepeHl{UpyeMa B OKpeCTHOCTU TO'lKU Xu /l/060e 'IUC/lO pas U B HeKOTOpou OKpeCTHOCTU 3TOU TO'lKU lim R,,(x) = ° usu
f(,,+I) O( » n~oo
lim (xo+ x-xu (X-X),,+I=O
(n + I)' 0,
(12.14)
n-e- oc
TO
f'(x) f(")(xo)
f(x)= f(xo) + -I-'o-(X - xo)+ ... + -n-I - (x - xo)"+... (12.15)
B 43CTHOCTII, npu Xo = °
f(x)=f(O)+ f'(~) x+ f"2(IO) x2 + ... + f1n)\0) x"+... (12.16)
I. n.
P51JI. (12.15) Ha3blB3eTC51 PROOM Tetl nopa, 3 p51.B, (12.16) - PfiOOM MaK/lOpeHa.
24
YCJ10Blle (12.14) HBJJHeTCH He06xo)J.IIMb1M II )J.OCTaT04HbIM )]."151 TOrO, 4T06bl PH)J., 1l0CTpOeHHblH no cxev e (12.15) IIJJII (12.16), CXO)J.HJ1CH K CPYIIKUHII f(x) B uexoropoa oxpecrnocru T04KII x = Xo. B Ka/K)J.OM KOHKperuov L1Y43e He06xo)J.IIMO 113XO)J.IITb 06"1aCTb CXO)J.IIMOCTII pH)J.a K )J.aHHoH ¢YHKUIIII.
Ilpnsrep 3. Pa3JJO/KIITb B pH)J. MaKJIOpella ¢YIlKUIiIO ch x II HaiiTli 06- JJaCTb, B KOTOPOH pH)J. CXO)J.IITCH K )J.aHHoH ¢YIlKl\III1.
~ l laxonnv nponsnonuue ¢YHKUIIII f(xl = ch x, ['(x) = sh x, ["(x) = = eh x, f"'(x) = sh x, ... TaKIiM 06pa30M, r: (x) = ch x, CCJJII n - 4eTHO!'. II f(nl(x) = sh x, eCJJII n - He4eTHoe. nOJJar3H Xu = 0, no.ryuaeu: frO) = I, f' (0) = 0, f" (0) = I, f'" (0) = 0, ... , f(")(O) = I npu n 4CTHOM II [,n)(o) = 0 npu n lIe'lCTIiOM. nO)J.CT8BH~1 HaH)J.eHHble np01l3BO)J.Hble B pH)J. (12.16). J.1MeeM
x2 x" x2n
eh X= I + 21 + 4! + ... + (2n)! + ...
(I)
BocnO"1b30BaBWHCb YC"loBlieM (12.14), onpene.ruv IIHTCpBaJJ, B KOTOPOM pH)J. (I) CXO)J.IITCH K )J.3HHOH ¢YHK111I1I.
EC"ll1 n - HeqeTIWe, TO
xn+ I
Rn (x) = -- ch Ox, (n+I)'
eCJ111 /Ke n - 4eTHOe, TO
xn+ I
Rn(x) = sh ex.
(n + I)'
TaK KaK 0<0<1, TO IchOxl=(e()x+e-oX)/2~e:" II IshOxl~eixl. 3H3411T,
xn+1
Ho, KaK 6blJJO YCTaHOBJJeHO B npuvepe 4 113 12.2, lim --- = 0 npu n~oo (n + I)!
JJI060M x. Caenoe are.isuo, npn .11060M x lim R" (x) = 0 II pH)J. (I) CXO)J.IIT-
1 1"+ 1
1 Rn(x)1 ~ _x __ e Ixl.
(n+I)!
11---+ 00
CH K ¢YHKUIIII ch x. <!III
AHaJJOrll4HO MO/KHO nOJJY411Tb pa3JJO/KeHHH B crenenuue pH)J.bl MHorliX .ll.PYTIIX ¢YHKUIIH:
x x2 X'I
e'=I+-, +-21 + ... +-, + ... (-oo<x<oo), (12.17)
I. . n.
x2 X4 X2~
cosx=I-2i+4i- ... +(-I)" (2n)! + ... (-00<x<00),(12.18)
. x3 x 5 n _ I x2 n - I
Sill X=X- _ + -5' - ... +(-1) (2 , + ...
3'. n-IJ.
( - 00 < x < 00),
x2 x3 x"
In (I +x)= x -""""2 +"3 - ... + (-1)"-1-;;- + ...
(12.19)
(-I <x~I),
m m(m -I) n
(l+x)"'=I+ITx+ 2\ x-+ ... +
(12.20)
25
+ m(m-I)"'(m-n+I)" ( •. I)
--'---'--n-':!:-----'--'- x +... - I < X < .
(12.21)
llJlR Ka}KAOrO CJlY4aR B cK06Kax YKa3aHa 06.~aCTb, B «oropon CTCneHHOH pRA CXOAHTCR K COOTBeTCTBYIOU,eil ¢yHKUHH. nOCJle,J,HHH pRA, ua- 3blBaeMblH 6UHOMUaAbHblM, ua KOHUaX uurepaana CXOAItMOCTH BeAeT ce6R no-pa3HOMY B 3aBHCHMOCTll OT m E R: npu m > 0 a6COJllOTHO CXOAHTCR B T04KaX x = ± I; npu - I < III < 0 paCXOAHTCR B T04Ke x = - I fI YCJlOBfLO CXOAHTCR B TO'IKe x = I; npu m ~ - I paCXOAHTCR B T04KaX x~' ± I.
B 06w.eM cnysac pa3J10}KeHHe B crenenuuc pRAbl OCHOBaHO ua HCnOJlb30- BaHHII PRAOB Teunop a HJlH MaKJIOpeH3. Ho Ha np arcruxe creneuuue pRAbl MHOrHX cpyHKUHH MO}KHO HaHTH cpOPM3JlbHO, HCnOJlb3YR pR.~bl (12.17) - (12.21) HJlH cpOpMyJly AJIR CYMMbl 4JleHOB reoverpuvecxon nporpeccua. HHorA3 npu pa3J10}KeHHI1 nOJle3HO nOJlb30BaTbCR n04.1eHHb1M Al1cpcpepeHUHpoBalll1eM HJlH HHTerpHpoBaHHeM pRAOB. B I1HTepB3Jle CXOAI1MOCTIl pRAbl CXOARTCR K COOTBeTCTBYIOW.I1M CPYHKUHRM.
Ha npuuep, npu pa3J10}KeflHI1 B creneuuoir pRA CPYHI(UHIt cos -Vx B CPOpMyJly (12.18) BMeCTO x nOACT3B.1ReM -I; Torna
_I' x x2 x"
cos ~vx= 1- - + -- ... +(-1)"-- + ...
2! 4! (2n)1
nOJlY4CHHblH pRA CXOAHTCR upu JII06blX X E R. uo CJleAYCT nOMItHTb, 4TO cpyHKUHR cos -Vx He onpe.reneua npu x < O. Iloarovy H3HACIIHblH pRA CKOAHTCR K cpyHKUHH cos -Vx TOJlbKO B nOJlYHHTepBaJle 0 ~ x < 00.
AnaJlOrH4HO MO}KHO aanucar s creneunue pRAbl CPYHKI(HH [(x) = e-2x 11 f(x)= sinx:
x
sin x Xl x1 n-l X21l-~
--=1--+-- .. +(-1) + ...
x 3! 5! (2n-I)!
npHMep 4. Pa3J10}KHTL B paa MaKJIOpCHa CPYHI(UI1IO f (x)
3
(I - x) (I + 2x) .
~ Pa3J10}KHM AaHHYIO CPYHKUHIO ua CyMMy npoCTeHIUItX pauuouansHblK Ap06eii:
3 I 2
(I - x) (I + 2x) = T=X"" + 1 + 2x .
I-x
L x" (Ixl < I).
n=O
(I)
I +2x
L (-I)"2"x" (i2xl< I),
(2)
fl -=0
26
TO
3
L x" + 2 L (- 1 Y'2" x" =
n=O fI=O
(l-x)(1 +2x)
= L (I + (-1)"2"+ I)X".
1l=()
(3)
Tax K31< PH;! (I) CXOil.HTCH npu [x] < I, a PH;! (2) - npn Ixl < 1/2,
ro pH.1( (3) CXOil.HTCH K il.3HHOil cpyHKUHH npu Ixl < 1/2 ...
npHMep 5. Pa3,101KHTb B CTClleHHOH PH;! cpyHKUHIO fix) = arctg x. ~ 04eBH.1(1I0, 4TO
I ,=I_x'+x'_xli+ ... +(_I)"~'x2("~l)+ ...
I -(-r)
nO.1Y4Cflliblii pH,l CXO;!UTCH nuyrpu OTpC3Ka 1- I; Ij, 3113'HlT, ero MOIKHO n04JleHHO uurcrpnpoean, H3 ,1106oM OTpe3Ke 10; xJ c (- I; I). CJle.1(OBaTCm,1I0,
00
, 1l~1 X21l--1
arctgx= L (-I) ~'
11=1
A3-12.4
J. Pa3Jlo)IHiTb no CTeneHHM x + 1 MHor04JleH f(x) = = x3 - 4X4 + 2x3 + 2x + I.
2. Pa3JlQ)I<HTb B pH)]. no CTeneHHM x <PYHKUI1IO y = _1_, x+1
Henocpe)].CTBeHHO I1CnOJlb3YH pH)]. A1aKJlOpeHa.
3. Pa3JlO)l<HTb B psn no CTeneHHM x YKa3aHHYlO <PYHKUI1IO H HaHTH 06JlaCTb CXO)].HMOCTI1 noayxennoro pazra:
a) e-,\2 ; 6) x cos 2x; B) 1/.)4 x~;
r) arcsin x; )].) 3x+ 5 e) cos" x.
x" - 3x +2 ' 4. Pa3JlO)l<l1Tb B pan no CTeneHHM x + 2 CPYHKUHIO f(x) = I
X' + 4x + 7
5. 3anl1CaTb paaaoxceuae CPyHKUl111 y = In (2 + x) B PH)]. no CTeneHHM 1 + x.
27
6. HaHTl1 nepaue rpn 4JIeHa pa3JIO)KeHI151 B creneuaon psn CPYHKUI1I1, 3a,!laHHOH ypaeueanea xy + ~ = y, eCJII1 113BeCTHO,
4TO y = 1 npn x = O. (OTBer: 1 + 2x + ~ x2 + .. .)
CaMOCT051TenbHa51 pa60Ta
<. t. I. HaHTI1 nepasre rpn 4JIeHa pa3JIO)KeHI151 CPYHKUI1I1 f(x) =,_[; B psn no CTeneH51M x -,4.
2. Pa3JIO)KI1Tb B CTeneHHoH p51,!l CPYHKUI1IO f(x) = = In (I - 3x) 11 HaHTI1 06JIaCTb CXO,!lI1MOCTI1 nora ps.aa. (OTBer: -1/3::::;;: x < 1/3.)
2. I. HaHTI1 pa3JIO)KeHl1e B CTeneHHoH p51,!l CPYHKUI1I1 f(x) = x sin 2x.
2. Pa3JIO)KI1Tb B creneunofi p51,!l CPYHKUI1IO f(x) =
3 u 6
(I + x) (I _ 2x) 11 HaHTI1 0 JIaCTb CXO,!lI1MOCTI1 nora pana.
(OTBer: Ixl < 1/2.)
3. I. Pa3JIO)KI1Tb no CTeneH51M CYMMbI x + 1 MHOr04JIeH f(x) = X4 + 3x3 - 6x2 + 3.
2. Pa3JIO)KI1Tb B crenennoji pan CPYHKUI1IO f (x) = = In (I + 2x) 11 aa HTI1 06JIaCTb CXO,!l11 MOCTI1 nora pa.aa.
(OTBeT: - + < x::::;;: +)
12.4. CTEnEHHblE PSl.ll.bl B nPH6JHI)I(EHHblX Bbl .. HCJ1EH HSlX
BbI'IHCJleHHe 3Ha'leHHH QJYHKLl.HH. nYCTb ,ll,3H crenesuou pH,ll, CPYHKUHH y = fix), 33,ll,343 Bbl4HCJlCHHH 3H34eHHH 3TOi't CPYHKUHH 33KJlI043CTCH B or srCK3HHH CYMMbl ps.na npu 33,ll,3HHOM 3H34eHHH 3prYMeHT3. Orp3HH4HB3HCb onpene.neuuuxr 4HC.~OM 4J1eHOB ps aa, H3XO,ll,HM 31134eHHe CPYHKUHH C T04- HOCTblO, KOTOpylO MO}J(HO YCT3H3BJIHB3Tb nYTeM OUCHHB311HH OCT3TK3 4HCJI0- soro pH,ll,3 JlH60 OCT3T04Horo 4J1CH3 Rn(x) CPOPMYJI TCi't,10P3 H,lH M3KJlOPCIl3.
Ilpuesep 1. Bbl4HCJlHTb In 2 C TO'IHOCTblO 6 = 0,000 I ~ Yl3BCCTHO, 'ITO CTcneHHOH pH,ll,
x2 i~ x"
In (I +X)=x-:2 + --:3 - ... +(-lr-'7z + (I)
npu x = I CXOi\HTCH YC,10BHO (CM. § 12.1, npuuep 8). llJIH roro 4T06bl Bbl4HCJlHTb In 2 C nOMOWblO pxna (I) C T04HOCTblO 6 = 0,0001, He06xo)l.HMO B3HTb He MeHee 10000 ero 4J1eHOB. n03TOMY BOCnOJlb3ycMCH pH,ll,OM, KOTOPbli't nOJlY43eTCH B pe3YJlbT3Te Bbl4HT3HHH creneuaux PH,ll,OB CPYHKUHH In (I + x) H In (I - x):
(2)
28
Ilpn Ixi < I pH'" (2) CXO.ll.HTCH a6COJIIOTHO, TaK KaK ero paauyc CXOJJ:HMOCTH R = I, 4TO .ner xo YCTaHaBJlHBaeTcH C nOMOWblO npnanaxa .ll'AJlaM6epa.
I+x
nOCKOJlbKY -1-- = 2 npn x = 1/3, TO, nOJJ:CTaBHB 3TO 3Ha4eHHe X -X
B pHJJ:, nOJlY4HM
In 2 = 2 (+ + -3-.1-3-3 + -5-.1-3-5 + ... + -(2-n- _ _:_I)-3z"-n---;-' + .. )
.llJlH Bb!4HCJleHHH In 2 C 3aJJ:aHHoH T04HOCTbIO Heo6xoJJ:HMO HaHTH r axoe '1HCJlO n 4J1eHOB 4aCTH4HOH CYMMbl S", npn KOTOPOM cyMMa OCTaTKa Ir"1 < < 6. B namev CJlY4ae
fn=2((2n+I~.32"+' + (2n+3~.32n+J + ... ). (3)
nOCKOJlbKY 4HCJla 2n + 3, 2n + 5, '" 60JlbWe, 4eM 2n + I. TO. 3aMeHHB HX aa 2n + I. Mb! YBeJIH4HM Ka}KJJ:YIO JJ:P06b B cpopMyJle (3). n03TOMY
2 (I I )
r; < 2n + I 32"+1 + 32n+J + ... =
2 ( I I )
= (2n + I). 32n+ I I + "9 + 8J +... =
2 I
(2n+I).32,,+II-I/9 4(2n+I)·32n-1
nYTeM nozieopa 3Ha'leHHH n HaXOJJ:HM, 4TO JJ:JlH n = 3 r« < 0,00015, npn 3TOM In 2 = 0,6931. ....
Ilpusrep 2. Bb!4HCJlHTb -Ve C T04HOCTbIO 6 = 0,001.
~ Bocnonsayeucn pa3J10}KeHHeM B CTeneHHoH pHJJ: CPYHKUHH e' (CM. cpOpMyJly 12.17), B KOTOPOM npHMeM X= 1/2. Tor na nOJly'lHM
.r: I I I
-ye=I+2"+ 2!.22. + ... +~+ ...
I
--------~< ---------
(n+k)!·2,,+k (n+I)!.2"
L
k=1
2"'= (n+I)!.2n'
k=l
KaK (n+I)I«n+2)!< ... npH n=4 r < _1_<0001
n 5! .24 ' .
CJleJJ:OBaTeJlbHO,
1(2 I I I I
e ~ 1+ - + - + - + -- ~ I 674.
2 8 48 384 '
.llJlH onpeaenenas 4HCJla 4J1eHOB pHJJ:a, 06ecne4HBalOWHX aaaauuyro TO'lHOCTb Bbl4HCJleHHH, MO}KHO BOCnOJlb30BaTbCH OCTaT04HblM 4J1eHOM rpopayJlbl MaKJlOpeHa
eOX
R ( ) x"+',
n X = (n+I)!
r",e 0<0< I; X= 1/2. Tor-aa rt pa n =4
29
1 (1)1 2(1/2)"+1
Rn 2" < (n + I)! < 0,001. <III
npHMep 3. Bbl'lHCJlHTb sin + C TO'lHOCTblO 6 = 10-3.
~ ITO.1\CTaBHM B cpOpMyJly (12.19) 3Ha4eHHe x = 1/2. Tor na
sin -21 = -21 - _1-3 + I 0 _ ••• +(_1)"-1 I + ...
'. 3!·2 5!+2' (21l-1)!.2'''-
TaK KaK OCTaTOK auaxouepenyiouieroca pana Irnl ~ Unf-I (CM. PH)I. (12.6) H C,1e.1\CTBHe H3 npuaaaxa J1eH6HHua), TO .1\OCTaT04HO HaiiTH ncpBblH 4J1eH U,,+I, .1\JlH xoroporo Un+" < 6. Torna S; .1\aCT 3Ha4eHHe CPYHKUHH rpe-
I 3
6yeMoH TO'lHOCTH. 04eBH.1\HO, 'ITO Y}Ke TpeTHH 4J1eH paaa ---0 < 10- , 5!·2"
n03TOMY C T04HOCTblO 6 = 10-3
. I I I
Sin 2" ~ 2" - 48 ~ 0,479. <III
npHMep 4. BbJ'lHCJlIlTb V34 C T04HOCTblO 6 = 10- 3.
~ 04eBH.1\HO, 'ITO ;j34 = V32 + 2 = 2(1 + 1/16)"1:'. Bocuonsayeuc a 6HHOMIlaJlbHbtM PH.1\OM (CM. cpOpMyJly (12.21) npa m = 1/5, X= 1/16:
(I __!_)"/C, = I ~ __!_ +( + - I)
+ 16 + 5 16 + 2
I (6'+
+(+-1)(+-2) _1_ =1 __!_ __ I_ =
+ 3! 16' + '" + 80 3200 + ...
= I + 0,0125 - 0,0003 + ... ~ 1,012,
nOCKOJlbKY Y}Ke rperu H 4J1eH MO}KHO orripocurt, B CIl.1Y roro, 'iTO OH MeHbUle 6 = 10-3 (CM. CJleJJ:CTBHe H3 npuau axa J1eH6HHua). CJlC.1\OBaTeJlbHO,
.y34 = 2(1 + 1/16) "I" ~ 2,024. <III
BbI'fHCneHHe HHTerpanoB. TaK KaK crencuuue pH.1\bI CXOJJ:HTCH paauoMepHo aa Jl1060M orpeaxe. Jle}Kaw.eM BHYTpH HX HHTepBaJlOB CXO.1\HMOCTH, TO C nououu.io pa3J10}KeHIlH cpyHKUHH B creneuuue pH.1\bl MO}KHO HaXO.1\HTb aeonpeaeneuaue HHTerpaJlbl B BH.1\e creneuaux PH.1\OB H npH6J1H}KCHHO Bbt4HCJlHTb COOTBCTCTBylOW.He onpeneneuuue HHTerpaJlbl.
I
npHMep 5. Bbl4HCJlHTb I sin (x2)dx C T04HOCTblO 6 = 10-3• o
~ Bocnonsayeaca cpOpMyJlOH (12.19). 3aMeHHB B HCH x ua x', nony- 4HM pH.1\
. 2 .2 xG xlO 'l~[ X411-2
sm(x)=x -31+T!-···+(-I) (21l-1)! + ...
011 CXO.1\HTCH ua BceH 4HCJlOBOH npHMOH, n03TOMY ero MOIKHO BCIO.1\y n04J1CHItO HHTcrpHpOBaTb. CJlC.1\OBaTeJlbHO,
30
I I
~Sin(X2)dx=~(i'- ;~ + ~!o - ... +(-11'-1
o 0
( X3 x7 X" X',,-I )11
= T-T3!+IT5!-···+(-Jrl (4n-I)(2n-I)! + ... 10=
I 1 + I +( 1),,-1 1 +
= 3 - T3! IT5! -... - (4n-I)(2n- I)! ... ;:::;
I I
;:::; 3 - 7.3! = 0,3333 - 0,0381 = 0,295,
X4n-2 )
(2n _ I)! + ... dx=
nocxo.nsxy Y}Ke TpCTHii 'IJH'H no.nyueanorc anaxouepenyiouieroca DH.Da Mellbille 6 = 10-3 .....
f sin x
npHMep 6. Hajiru HHTCrpaJl J -x-dx B aune creneunoro psna H
YKa3aTb 06naCTb ero CXOl(HMOCTH.
~ Bocuonssoaaaunrci, cpopMynoH (12. I 9), 1l0JIy'lHM pSll( l(JlSl nO,l[hIHTC'rpilJlbHOII cpyHKllIlH
I x2 X4 X~I1-2
-sin X= I - -3' + -5' - ... +(-Ir-I (2 _1)1 + ..
x .' n .
OH CXOl(HTCH ua !JCCH 'IHcnoBoH npllMoH, H, c.nenonarensuo, ero MOMHO n04JIeHHO HHTerpnpoBaTb:
( sin x x' XO
J-x-dx=C+x- ~+ 5:5! - ... +
')11-1
n .r
+(-1) (2n-I)(2n-I)! + ...
TaK KaK npn HHTcrpHpoBaHHH creneuuoro pnna ero HHTepBaJI cxol(HMOCTH lie H3MeHHCTCH, TO 1l0ny'lcllHblH pan CXOl(HTCH TaK}Ke ua BCCH 'IUCnOBOH npSlMoH .....
npH6J1H)I(eHHoe peureuae )lHljlljlepeHI.(HaJlbHblX ypaBHeHHH. B CJ1Y'lae, xorna TO'lHO nponurerpuponars ,l[HcpcpepeHUHanbHoe ypaauenue c nOMOWblO 3neMCHTapHblX cpyHKUHH He ynaerca, ero peureuue Yl(06HO HCKaTb B anne creneuuoro pxaa, uanpuvep pn aa Teunopa HnH MaKnopeHa.
Flpn peuiennn 3al(a'lH KOWH
y' = {(x, y), y(xo) = Yo, Hcnonb3yeTC51 PSl,l[ TeHJlOpa
(12.22)
y(x)= I
(")(x ) L_,_O_(x - Xo)", fl.
( 12.23)
n=O
rne y(xo) = Yo, y' (xo) = {(xo, Yo), a ocransusre nponaaoaaue y(n)(xo) (Il = 2, 3, ... ) HaXOl(HTCH nyrev nocnenoaare.auaoro ,l[HcpcpepcHI..lHpOBaHHSI ypanneHHH (12.22) H nOl(CTaHOIlKH Ha'ianbllblX nauaux B nupaxceuua l(nH 3THX npOH3BO,l[HbIX.
npHMep 7. l-IaHTH nHTb nepnux 'I,leHOB pa3nO}KeHHH B creneuuoil pan pe uienaa ,l[HcpcpepeHUUaJlbHOrO ypaaueuua y' = x" + y2, eCJlH y( I) = I
31
~ yb nauuoro ypaBHeHHH H3XOAHM. 4TO y'(I) = I + I = 2.11HcpcpepeH-
QHpyeM HcxoAHoe ypaBHeHHe:
y"=2x+2yy'. y"(I)=6; y"'=2+2y" + 2yy" , y"'(I)=22;
s" = 4y'y" + 2y'y" + 2yy"'. u" (I) = 116
H T. A.
flOACTaBJlHSI HaHAeHHble 3Ha4eHHSI npOH3BOAHbiX B p sn (12.23). no,nY4aeM
6(x-I)2 22 116
y(x) = I +2(x-I)+ 2 + T(x-I)3 + --:24(x- I)' + ... =
II 29
= I +2(x- 1)+ 3(x-l? + 3(X- 1)3 + T(X- I)' + ......
npHMep 8. HaHTH urecrs nepnux 4JleHOB pa3JlO}KeHHH B CTeneHHOH pHil, peWeHHSI AHcpcpepeHUHaJlbHOrO ypaBHeHHH y" - (I + X')y = O. YAOBaereopsuouiero Ha4aJlbHbiM YCJlOBHHM yeO) = - 2. y' (0) = 2.
~ flOACTaBHB B ypasneuue Ha4aJlbHbie YCJlOBHH. nOJlY4HM
y"(O) = 1 . (-2) = -2.
llHcpcpepeHUHpySl ncxonnoe ypaaueune, nOCJleAOBaTeJlbHO HaxoAHM: y"'=2xY+(I +X2)y'. y"'(O) = 2;
ylV = 2y + 2xy' + 2xy' + (I + x")y". yIV(O) = -6; y v = 6y' + 6xy" + (I + X2)y"'. Y V (0) = 14.
flOACTaBJlHH HaHAeHHble 3Ha4eHHSI npouaeonuux B pHil, MaKJlOpCHa. nOJlY4aeM
PeWCHHe 3aAa4H KOWH y.= <pix) AJlH AHcpcpepeHQHaJlbHOrO ypaBHeHHH MO}KHO TaK}Ke HCKaTb B BHAe pa3JlO}KeHHSI B CTeneHIlOH pHil,
y = <pix) = aD +a, (x-xo) +a2(x-xo)2 + ... + a,,(x-xo)" + ... (12.24) C neonpencneuuuau K03cpcpHUHeHTaMH a, (i = O. I •...• n •... ).
npHMep 9. I1cnOJlb30B3B pHil, (12.24), 33nHC3Tb 4eTbipe nep nux HeIlYJICBblX 4JleHa p33JIO}KeIlHH peurcaaa 33A34H Kouru y' = X + y2 - I,
y(I)=2.
~ B pHAe (12.24) Xo = I. fl03TOMY. nOJIO}KHB x = I. C Y4eToM ua'13JIbHOrO YCJIOBIlH HaXOAIlM, 4TO aD = 2. flpo;J.HcpcpepeHllHpyeM pHil, (12.24) H no.nCTaBHM nOJIY4eHHYIO npoH3BoAHYIO u: a T3K}Ke y B anne pana (12.24) B naauoe .nHcpcpepeHUH3JlbHOe yp3BHeHHe. Tor na
y' = a, +2a,(x-xu) + 3aJ(x-xo)" + ... = = x- 1+ (ao+a,(x-xo) +a2(x-xO)' + .. .f.
Tenep s B npasoji H JIeBOH 43CTHX noc.icnner-o paBeHcTB3 npupanuaea K03cpcpHUHeHTbi npu o.nHHaKOBblX CTeneHHX paauocru x - I (T. e. npu (x - I )0, (x - I)' H (x - In [lOJIY4aeM npocrue ypaBHeHHH:
al = a6. 2a2 = I + 2aoal. 3a3 = aT + 2aOa2.
H3 KOTOPbIX. Y4HTblBaH. 4TO ao = 2. HaxOAHM: al = 4. a2 = 17/2. a3 = 50/3.
32
CJleIl.OBaTeJJbHO, HCKOMoe pa3JJO>KeHHe peureuaa HMeeT BHII.
17 2 50 3
y=2+4(x-I)+ T(x-I) + 3(x-l) + ... <III
A3-12.5
1. C rro aouu.io creneunux P5l).l.OB Bbl411CJII1Tb npI16JII1}!(eHHO C T04HOCTblO l'l = 0,001 yxasauuue BeJII14I1HbI:
_3 C _3 rr; [0 r-;;;;:;:;
a) -yt:; 6) -y 10; B) cos 10°; r) -y 1027; ).I.) In 3/2.
(OTBer: a) 1,396; 6) 2,154; B) 0,985; r) 2,001; ).I.) 0,405.)
2. C rrovouu.io crerreuusrx P5l).l.OB Bbl411CJII1Tb C T04HOCTblO l'l = 0,001 cnenyiouine onpene.neuaue nurerpaau:
1/2 1
a) ~ -VI +x3dx; 6) ~ cos -.J;dx;
0 0
4 1/4
B) ~ el/xdx; r) ~ e=rdx.
0 0 (OTBer: a) 0,508; 6) 0,764; B) 2,835; r) 0,245.)
3. Hajrrn aeonpeneneuaua I1HTerpaJI B Bl1).1.e crenennoro psna 11 YKa3aTb 06JIaCTb CXO).l.I1 MOCTI1 sroro pana:
a) ~ co; x dx;
6) ~ ; dx.
4. 3anl1CaTb n5lTb nepaux 4JIeHOB pa3JIO}!(eHI15l B CTeneHHOI1 p5l).l. peWeHI15l ).I.11<j:J<j:JepeHUl1aJIbHOrO ypaBHeHI15l, Y).I.OB.nernopmouiero 3a).l.aHHblM Ha4aJIbHblM yCJIOBI15lM:
a) y=eY+xy, y(O)=O;
6) y=l+x+x2-2y2, y(I)=I; B) y' = x2y - y', y(O) = 1, y'(O) = 0; r) y' = x + y2, y(O) = 0, y(O) = 1.
CaMOCTOSlTeJlbHaSl patiora
t. 1. C nououn,ro creneunoro psna Bbl411CJII1Tb sin 1 C T04HOCTblO l'l = 0,001. (OTBeT: 0,841.)
2. HaI1TI1 rpn nepnux 4JIeHa pa3JIO}!(eHI15l B cTeneHHOI1 pSl).l. peWeHI15l ).I.11<j:J<j:JepeHUl1aJIbHOrO ypaBHeHI15l y' = x2 - y, eCJII1 y(l) = 1.
2. 1. C noaouisio creneuuor-o pana .3bl4I1CJII1Tb .y7O C T04HOCTblO l'l=0,001. (OTBer: 4,125.)
2. Hm1TH xersrpe nepnux 4JIeH8 pa3JIO>KeHIHI B CTe-
2-357
neHHOH p51Jl. peWeHI151 Jl.l1cpcpepeHUl1aJIbHOrO ypaBHeHH51 y" = = X2 - y, eCJJI1 y(O) = I, y'(O) = I.
3. 1. C nowoun.to c'renennoro psna BblYHCJJI1Tb
0,5
~ Si~r2X dx C TOYHOCTblO l) = 0,001. (OTBer: 0,946.) ()
··2. HaHTI1 rpn nepnue YJIeHa pa3JIO)KeHI151 B crenennoii p51Jl. peWeHI151 Jl.l1cpcpepeHUl1aJIbHOrO ypaBHeHI151 y' = x'2y + y3, eCJJI1 y(O) = 1.
12.5. PSUl.bl q,YPbE
<PyHKUHoHaJlbHbJH pHA BHAa
~) + L (a;, cos n x + b ; sin flX),
11=(
(12.25)
rae K03<jJ<llHuHeHTbl an, b ; (n = 0, I, 2, ... ) onpeAeJlHIOTCH no <!>opMYJlaM:
1 ~ [(x) cos nxd x,
an= -
rt
-"
" (12.26)
1 ~
bn= - [(x) sin nxd x,
;n; Ha3bJBaeTCH PflOOM <PYPbe tjJYHKl{UU [(x). OTMeTHM, 'ITO acer-aa bo = 0.
<PyHKUHH [(x) Ha3blBaeTCH KYCO'lHO'MOHOTOHHOU Ita OTpe3Ke [a; bJ, eCJlH 3TOT OTpe30K MO}KHO pa36HTb na KOHe'lHOe '1HCJlO HHTepBaJlOB n (a; XI), (x,; X2), ... , (Xk~ I; b) TaKHM o6pa30M, '1To6bl B Ka}K,II,OM H3 HHX <jJYHKlI.Hfl 6bJJla MOHOTOIIHa.
Teopema 1. ECAU tjJYHKlI,UR [(x) nepuoduuecxan (nepuoo w = 2;n;), KY' CO'tHO-MOHOTOHHafl U 02paHU'IeHHaR na OTpe3Ke [ - JI; n], TO ee pRO <PYPbe CXOOUTCfl 8 AI060u ro-ace x E R U e20 CYMMa
S(x)= [(X-O)t[(x+O).
113 reopewu CJleAyeT, 'ITO S(x) = [(x) B T04Kax HenpepbJBHOCTH <jJYHKllHH [(x) H cyMMa S(x) panna cpennevy apH<jJMeTH4ecKoMy npenenos CJJeBa If cnpaaa <jJyHKUHH [(x) B TO'lKaX paapusa nepsoro pona.
npHMep 1. Pa3J10}KHTb B pH.D. <pYPbe nepHO)l.H'IeCKYIO cpyHKllHIO (c nepHOAOM 2JI):
[(X)={O, -;n;<x<O, x, O~x~;n;.
~ TaK KaK AaHHaH <jJYHKL\HH KYCO'lHO-MOHOTOHHaH H orpaunsenuas.
TO OHa paanaraerca B pH,!!, <pYPbe. HaXOAHM K03<jJ<jJHllHeHTbl pxna:
34
I
ao= - n
n
( {(x)dx= _!_ (xdx= _!_E._I" =..::_,
) n) n202
-Jt 0
I ~Jt I U = x, dv = cos n x d x; 1=
a" = - x cos n xd x = I .
rt du = d x v = - sin IlX
o ' Il
rt
I (X. lIT ~ I )
= - - Sin IlX - - sin n xdx =
rt n 0 fl
o
I I I" I
= - -, cos nx = --. ((-1)"- I),
rt n 0 nn2
rt
I ~ I (X I" I I")
b; = - X sin n xd x = - - - cos IlX + -, sin IlX =
n n n 0 n 0
o
rt (_1),,-1
= - --;;-:n cos nn = n in EN).
nO.1\CT3BJlHH H3fl.1\eHHble K03cpqJHUHeHTbi B pH.1\ (12.25), nOJlY43eM
n L (2 (-I ),,-1 )
{(x) = -4 + - 2 cos ((2n - I)x) + sin IlX .
n(21l - I) Il
11=1
3TOT pH.1\ CXOJl.HTCH K aanauuou nepHO!\114CCKOii CPYHKUI1H C nCpHO.1\OM 2f1 npa acex x*' (21l - I)n. B T04Kax x = (2n - l j n cyMMa pana panna (n+O)/2=n/2 (puc. 12.1) .....
A. A. A. :6.
-6rr -5rr -srr -JfT -277 -/7 0 :rr
6ff X
477 5,7:
P 11 c. 12.1
ECJlH cpyHKUllH Y = {(x) I1MeeT nepuon :Lt, TO ee pHD: q>ypbe sanucuBaeTCH B BHD:e
{(x)= ~o + L (anCoS(Il,n X)+bnsin(nt x)), (12.27)
n=1
I
a,,= + ~ {(X) cos ( :Jl,1l x)ax, -I
(12.:L8)
bn = + ~ {(x) sin (n,n X )dX. -I
35
Teopena 2. ECAU nepuoouuecxast ¢yHKI{UR C nepuooou 21 KyCO'tHOMOHOTOHHaR U oepanuuennan «a ot pesxe [-I; Ij, TO ee pRO <PYPIJe (12.28) CXOOUTCR OAR A/060i!O X E R K cyMMe
S(X) = (f(X - 0) + {(X + 0))/2
(cp. C TeOpeMOH I).
npHMep 2. HaHTH pa3JIO)KeHHe B psn <1>YPbe nepHO,ll,H4eCKOH <jJYHKl\HH C nepHQ.LIOM 4;
{-I npn - 2 < X < 0,
{(x)= 2 npn O---x---2
""" """
(pHC. 12.2).
y
2
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 x -1
PH c. 12.2
~ HaXO,ll,HM K03<jJ<jJHl\HeHTbI psna:
2 0 2
ao= -} ) {(x)dx= -}() (-I)dX+) 2dX) =
-2 -2 0
I (10 12) I
= - - X + 2x = - ( - 2 + 4) = I,
2 -2 0 2
o 2
an = -} ( ) (- I) COS (n2n X) dx + ) 2 cos ( n2n X) dX) =
-2 0
= ..!..(_ ~sin (!!!!...X) 10 + _4 sin (nn X) 12) = 0,
2 nn 2 -2 sui 2 0
o 2
bn=-}() (-I)Sin(n2n X)dX+ )2sin(n2n X)dX) =
-2 0
I (2 (nn) IQ 4 )
=---:-" -cos -x --(cosnn-I) =
'2 sen 2 -2 sin
3 3
= - (cos nn - I) = - (( - I)" - I).
nn nn
OO.ll,CTaBHB Haii.ll,eHHble K03cjJqlHl\HeHTbl B pan (12.28), nOJlY4HM
f(x) = _!_ - ~ \' -_I-sin ((2n - I)n x) ....
2 n L 2n -I 2 .
n=f
ECJlH nepHO.ll,H4eCKa51 cjJYHKl\H51 fIx) 4eTHa51, TO OHa pa3J1araeTC51 B pan <1>YPbe TOJlbKO no «ocn aycaa. npn 3TOM
I
an = f~ fIx) COS ( nt X )dX;
o
eCJlH »ce nepHO.ll,H4eCKa51 cjJYHKl\H51 fIx) HC4CTH351, TO OHa paanar aercn B psn <1>YPbe TOJlbKO no cnxyca« H
I
b; = f~ fIX) sin ( nfn x )dX. o
TaK KaK .lI,Jl51 BC51KOii nepuonnuecxoa cjJYHKl\IlH fIx) nepuona 21 H JlIO· 6oro 'A E R cnpa aeanaao paBeHCTBO
I A+I
~ f(x)dx = ~ f(x)dx,
-I
A-I
TO K03cjJcjJHl\HeHTbl psna <1>YPbe MO)KHO Bbl4HCJl51Tb no cjJopMYJlaM:
21
an = + ~ fIx) COS ( nt x)dX,
o
21
Ir .. (nn)
b; = T) I (X) Sin =r= d x,
o
rne n = 0, I, 2, ...
OYCTb cjJYHKl\HfI fIx) KYC04HO·MOHOTOHHa H orpanauena aa OTpe3Ke [a; bj c (-I; f). 4T06bl pa3J1Q)KHTb 3TY cjJYHK[(HIO B pan <1>ypbe, npono,a)KHM ee npOH3BOJlbHblM o6pa30M n a HHTCpBaJl (-I; I) TaK, 4T06bl OHa OCTaBaJlaCb KYC04HO·MOHOTOHHOii H orpann-rennoa B (-I; I). Haiineuuyro cjJYHKl\HIO pa3J10)KHM B pan <1>YPbe, KOTOPblH CXO.ll,HTC51 K 3a.ll,aHHOH cjJYllK· l\HH na OTpe3Ke [a; bj. ECJlH 3a.ll,aHHYIO cjJYHKl\HIO npononxorn, aa (-I; I) 4eTHbiM 06pa30M, TO nOJlY4HM ee pa3J10)KeHHe TOJlbKO no xocanyca a, eCJlH )Ke npononxorn, ee He4eTHblM 06pa30M, nOJlY4HM pa3J10)KeHHe TOJlbKO no cnuycax.
Hanpuacp, cjJYHKl\H51 f(x), onpene.netma s aa [a; bj c (-I; I) H npo.lI,OJl)KeHHa51 B (-I; I) B COOTBeTCTBHH C paBeHcTBaMH
{ 0 npn
-fIx) npn
fIx) = 0 npn
fIx) npn o npH
-l<x< -b,
-b :s:;;x:s:;; -a,
-a<x<a,
a:S:;; x:s:;; b, b < x< I,
37
paa.s ar acrc a TO.1bKO 110 cnnyca,«. CYMM3 5(x) PHJ(<l <pYPbe TalWii <jJYllHUIlI1 pa ana {(X) BHYTPII OTpC3Ka la; bJ, <l 5(a) = {(a)/2, 5(b)= f(b)/2 COr.1aCHO rcopeve 2 (puc. 12.3).
y
-L -b
x
PYlc.12.3
npHMep 3, Pa3JlO)KYlTb B pHJ( <PYPbe <jJYHKI.\HlO f(x)= [.r] (-2:;::;; :;::;; x:;::;; 2).
~ TaK KaK J(aHH<lH <jJYHKUIlH 4eTH3H, TO ona paa.a araercu B PHJ( <PYPbe TO.1bKO no xoc a ayca u, T. e. b ; = O. Ll,a,1ce naxonuv:
2
2 ~ " .,
x- -
ao =:2 xd x = 210 = 2,
I 2
2 r (JlTl) r (JIll)
a" = T) {(x) cos =r= dx = ) x cos -2- x dx =
u 0
2x . (Jln ) I " 4 (JIll) 12
= - Sin -2 x + -1-'-' COS -2-x =
tin 0 JI n: 0
= _4_((_1)"_1).
2 'J JI n-
OTClOJ(a CJleJ(YCT, 'ITO a" = 0 npn n 'lCTHOM, a" = - 8/ (JI~n2) npu n He'leTHOM.
YlCKOMblH pHJ( <PYPbC ,cl.3HHOH <jJYHKI.\I111
8 I 1 ( (2n - I)JI )
[(x) = 1 - -1 2 COS X .
JI (2rz - I) 2
n==1
Ero c)'MMa palma 3aJ(aHHoH <jJYHKI.\IIH aa orpease 1- 2; 2J, a Ha Beeii 'lHl'JlOBOH npHMoii 3Ta cYMMa onpe.aenner ncpaonnuecxyio <jJYHKI.\HIO c nePHOJ(OM W = 4 (puc. 12.4). <III
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4- 6 PH l'. 12.4
x
38
npHMep 4. P~t:lJIO)!(HTb Il pHIL no clillycaM ¢yIlKI\1I1O [(x) = 2 - x aa OTpe3K(, [0; 21·
~ rIpolLoMKII~1 lLilliHylo ¢YIIKUHKl ua oTpe:IOK [-2; 01 He4eTllbiM otipaaov (pHC. 12.5). T. c. IIOilOIKIlM
{"x npu -:2 ~ x < O.
{(x) = -; = x npn 0 ~ x ~ 2.
-2
-,
-,
, ,
-4
-,
,
,
, , -,
-,
x
,
-, , -,
Pill'. 12.5
Torna a; = 0 up« II = O. I. 2 ..... a I
2 ( . . (.'111) ( . (JIll )
b"=T)/(X)SIIl -I-x dx= ) (2-X)SlIl TX dx=
IJ
= I .: S~l X(" ~i,:1 ~)~:.iX:, = _ __3__ cos (~x) 1=
2 JIll 2
"
2(2-x) (;III )1' ~:2 (J1I1)
cos -,-x - --co~ -,-x dx=
nn 2 II JTII 2
o
4 4. (JIll ) I' 4
= - - -- Sin - \' = -
RIl rt'!.n'!. 2 - 0 nn
rIotJ.CTaBJlHH lIaHtJ.eHllbl(, K03¢¢HIJ,HeIlTbl B pHtJ. <PYPbe. nOJlY4aeM
4 {(x) =
rt
__!._ sill (_!!!!_ X). <III
II 2
1/=1
npHMep 5. Pa3JlOIKHTb B pHIL <PYPbe ¢yIlKUHIO. rpa¢HK xoropou 1130upa· IKell ua puc. 12.6 B BYllLe CnJlOUlHOfl JlYlIiHIl.
~ rIpolLOJIIKHM 1L3HHYlO ¢yIlKUYlIO na OTPC30K [-2; OJ '1eTllblM oop a- 30M H pa3JlOIKYIM ¢YHKUYlIO {(x) = x .. f E [0; 2J. 110 KocllHycaM. T. e.
ao \' (JIll)
{(x)=T+ L a"cos -2-x.
t1=1
39
2
at) = ~ ~ xdx = ; I: = 2,
()
2
an = ~ ( X COS (~X) dx = ~ sin (~ X) I" -
2 ) 2 nsi 2 0
o
2
- :n ~sin(n;1 x)dX= n;n2 cos(n2n X)\:=
o
y
/ -, 2 / "-
/ , / ,
/ , , / ,
, / , / ,
/ /
, / , / , /
, -, / , /
-4 -2 0 4 6 B X PHc.12.6
YlCKOMblH p51J]. <1>YPbe HMeCT Ilil/l
f(X)= I - :1 I
11=1
----cos ((2n -2 I)n X). (2n - I)'
Ha orpcsxe 10; 21 011 npcncr aunacr C060H 3aJ(aHHYIO cjJYHKUHIO, a aa BceH 4HCJIOBOH OCH - nepI10J(H'IecKYIO cjJYHKI(HIO C II('PIIOJ(OM W = 4 (CM. pHC. 12.6, UJTPHXOB<lH H CIIJlOllllla51 JlHIIHH) .....
nOCKOJlbKY p51J( <1>YPhC CXOJUl1Tf! K 3Ha'lCIIHIO COOTIll'TCTRYlolncH cjJYIIK' nHIl B TO'IKax, rne <PYHKI(1I51 ueupopsrsua. TO jl51/lbl <1>YPbe '1aCTO ucno.nsayIOTC51 J(Jl51 CYM Mil pona IIH51 4HC,1()llbIX PHJ(OIl. TaK, nan pn Mep, ec.nu B P51J(C <1>YPbe cjJYHKIlHH, onpcnc.reuuon B npuaepe 5, 1I0JIO)l\HTb X = 2, TO nOJIY'IIIM:
2 = I - ~ \' ., cos rt ,
rr: L (211 - It
n=l
n
(2n _ I)'
8
fl=.._J
npHMep 6. Pa3JlO)l(HTb B pHJ( <1>YPbe 110 KocHlIycaM xpa nmx nyr cjJyHKUHIO y = x' ua OTpC3Ke 10; n] H C nOMOU(bIO nOJlY4CIIHoro p a.aa 1lbi'IHCJlHTb CYMMbl 4HCJlOBbiX P51J].OB
~o
H
(_I)n-I_I_
2 • n
n=1
n=1
~ Pa3J10)KHM tJ,allHYIO cjJYHK1(HIO B pan no xocnu ycav, npOtJ,OJl)KHB ee na HHTepBaJl (- rr ; 0) 4eTHbiM 06pa30M H na BCIO 4HCJlOBYlO npaxyro nepuoan- 4eCKH, C nepHOtJ,OM 2n. Tor na:
n
2 ( 2
00 = -; ) x dx =
o
:1
2) 2(X2 I"
an = - x· cos n xdx = - - sin nx -
zt rt n 0
o
Jt Jt
~ 2x + sin flXdX) = - # - ~ cos n x I: - ~
o
cos n x ---dx= fI
4 In
-cos nx =
fl'2 0
f(x)= :rt" +4 \' (_I)" COS,flX.
3 ~ fI"
11=1
TaK KaK npoJ(OJl)KeIlH35l cjJYIIKl(H5l aenpepsiaaa, TO ee pan <1>YPbe CXO",HTC5l K 33Jl3HHOii cjJYHKl(HH npu JlI060M 31l34ellHH x. n03TOMy J(JI5l X = 0 HMeeM
0= :rt32 +4\'(-I)"~,
, ~ n
n=!
T. e.
I n2
(-Irl-, ~-.
n? 12
rJ;;-:c:1
npu X =:rt
2 fI
6
11=1 11=1
41
A3-12.6
t. P33J10)!01Tb B pan <PYPbe CPYHKlJ.HIO
f() {X npa - rt < x ~ 0, x = 2x npa 0 < x < :11,
I!MelO!ll.YIO nepnon 2:11.
00
(0 . rr 2 L cos(2n-l)x '3L ( «-I SiIlIlX)
T6eT. - - - , "l" -I) --.
4 rt (2n-l), /I
11=1
fl=!
2. P33J10iKHTb B pan <PYPbe cpyHKlJ.HIO f(X)={:I1+2X rtpa -:I1<x~O,
- J1 npn 0 < x ~ rt.
( OT6er:
00
JT + 2 \' ( 2 cos (2n - I)x- _I_ sin nx).)
2 L n(2/1-I)' /I
11=1
3. P33J10iKHTb B pH.ll. <PYPbe (c nepaonov W = 4). eCJlH
f(x) ={ 1 + X npH -I npa
( I 2 I( 2 COSn(2n-l)x-
OT6eT: - - +-
2 n rt (211 - I)' 2
11=1
1 . nnx))
--SJn--.
/I 2
4. H3HTH p33J10iKeHHe B pan <PYPbC CPYHKlJ.HH y = x2 H3 orpesxe [-:11; :11]. nOCTpOHTb rp3cpHKH CPYHKlJ.HH H CYMMbl PH-
00
zia. (OT6eT: ~2 + 4 I ( - 1 r CO~:IX .)
fl=l
CaMOCTOHTe~bHaH pa60Ta
1. H3HTH p33JIOiKeHHe B pH.ll. <PYPbe CPYHKlJ.HH f(x) = -x.
H3 orpesxe [- 2; 2]. nOCTpOHTb rpaqiaxa .ll.3HHOH CPYHKlJ.HH
H CYMMbI pa.aa. (OT6eT: 2 I (-;/l" sin nx.)
n=1
42
2. HaHTI1 pa3JlOJKeHI1e B pRJl. <PYPbe ¢YHKUI1M
f(x) ={ -2 rtpa -J[ < x ~ 0,
1 rtpu 0 < x ~ Jr.
DOCTPOI1Tb rpa¢I1KIl Jl.aHHOH ¢yHKUI1I1 11 CYMMbI pana,
(OT6eT: -I + ~ I -'- sin (2n - I)X.)
rr :!n - I
3. Pa3JIOJKHTb B pR,ll, <PYPbe ¢YHKUIlIO
f(x) ={ -x npll -n < x ~ 0,
o npu 0 < x ~ rt.
DOCTPOI1Tb rpa¢HKII Jl.aHHOH cpyHKLUlH H CYMMbl pa.na .
eo
(OT6eT.· ~ + I (( - ')" .: , ( - ')". ) )
cos nx + -'-I - Sill n x .
4 !11l-
Il~J
A3-12.7
1. Pa3JIOJKI1Tb B pRJl. <PYPbe no CI1HycaM CPYHKUI1IO f(x) = x2 B I1HTepBaJle (0; n). DOCTPOHTb rpacpl1KI1 Jl.aHHOH CPYHKUHI1
00
H CYMMbl ps.aa. (OT6eT: 2_ \' (_l)n--I(~ + ~((-I)"-
n ~ n n
n=t
-l))sin nx)
2. Pa3JlOJKI1Tb B pan <PYPbe no KOCI1HycaM xpar nux Jl.yr CPYHKUI1IO y = sin x aa orpesxe [0; n], (OTBeT: ~ +
+ \' cos 2nx .)
L 1- (2n)2
n=l
3. Pa3JlOJKHTb B pRJl. <lJYPbe no CI1HycaM xparnsix nyr
CPYHKUlllO f(x) = 1 - x/2 aa OTpe3Ke [0; 2]. (OT6eT:
2 II. nnx )
- -SIO--.
n n 2
tl=1
43
4. Pa3J1Q)I<HTb B pH.lI. <lJYPbe ITO xocaaycav xparuux zryr
<PYHKUHIO f(x) = 1 - 2x aa orpeaxe [0; 1]. (OT8eT:
~ \' cos n(2n - l)x .) n2 L (2n -1)2
n=l
5. OOJIb3YHCb pa3JIOlKeHHeM B pH.lI. <lJYPbe ITO cauycaa xparuux zryr <PYHKUHH f(x) = I aa orpeaxe [0; n], HaihH CyMMy
pazra 1 - --} + + - + + '" + ( - 1 t-I 2n ~ I + ... (OTBeT: n/4.)
CaMOCTOSlTeJlbHaSi pafio ra
1. Pa3JIOlKHTb B pH.lI. <lJYPbe ITO xocanycaa xparnux ziyr <PYHKUHIO f (x) = 1 - x aa OTpe3Ke [0; 2j. (OT8eT:
8 \' I -cos (2n-l)n x.)
n2 L (2n - II 2
n=l
2. Pa3JIOlKHTb B pazr <lJYPbe ITO cnuycav xparuux nyr
<PYHKUHIO f (x) = n - x aa orpeaxe [0; n], (OT8eT:
2 L sinn nx -)
n=1
3. Pa3JIOlKHTb B pan <lJYPbe ITO xocnayca M xparuux .lI.yr <PYHKUHIO f (x) = ; - ! aa OTpe3Ke [0; n], (OT8eT:
: f cos ((2n - I)x) .)
"L (2n - 1)2
n=l
12.6. HH.LI.HBH.LI.YAJIbHbIE .LI.0MAWHHE 3A.LI.AHH5I K rJI. 12
HlJ.3-12.1
I . .lloKa3aTb CXO.lI.HMOCTb pana H HaihH ero CyMMy.
1.1. L n(n~2)' (OT8eT: S= !)
Ii=I
44
1.2. L 3n I~n4n . (OTBeT: S = ~ .)
n=1
1.3. L (2n + S)\2n + 7) . (OTBeT: S = /0·)
n=O
1.4. L 2n I~nsn • (OTBn: S = ~ .)
n=1
1.5. L (n + S)\n + 6) . (OT6n: S = +.)
n=O
1.6. L S" l~n2n . (OTBn: S = ~.)
n=1
L 4" - 3" 1.8.
12"
(OTBeT: S = -if.)
n=1
1.9. L (n + 6/(n + 7) . (OT6eT: S = +.)
n=1
L 3" + S" t.10.
IS"
(OT6eT: S = ! .)
n=l
1.11. L (n + 9) ~n + 10) . (OT6n: S = /0.)
n=1
L S" -3" 1.12.
IS"
(OT6eT: S = +.)
n=l
1.13. L (n + 7)\n + 8) . (OT6eT: S = +)
n=1
4&
1.14. I 2" + 7" · (OT8eT: S = ~.)
14"
n=l
1.15. I (n + 2)\n + 3) . (OT8eT: S = +.)
n~O
1.16. I 7" - 2" · (OT8eT: S=~.)
14"
n~l
1.17. I (n + 3)\n + 4) . (OT8eT: S = +.)
fl=O
1.lB. I 4" + 5" · (OT8eT: S = 172.)
20"
tl=l
1.19. I (n+4)\n+5). (OT8eT: S= +.)
n~l
1.20. I 5" - 4" · (OT8eT: S = 1~ .)
20"
fl=[
1.21. I (2n + 1)\2n + 3) . (OT8eT: s= +.)
n~O
00
1.22. I 7"2~" 3" . (OT8eT: S = ~ .)
n~l
00
I 1 ( S=~)
1.23. (2n + 3) (2n + 5)· OT8eT:
fl=\!
1.24. I 7" - 3" · (OT8eT: S = +.)
21"
n~l
1.25. I (3n -1)\3n + 2) . (OT8eT: S = ~)
n~l
46 1.26. L 3" + 8" (OT8eT: S = -&-)
24"
11=1
1.27. L 1 • (OT8eT: S = ...!_ )
(3n + I) (:3,z + 4) 12
11=1
1.28. L 8" - 3" (OT8eT: S = 14.)
24"
n=l
1.29. L 1 • (OT8eT: S = /5 )
(3n + 2) (3n + 5)
n=1
1.30. L g" _ 2" (OT8eT: S = ~ -)
18n
ti=l HCCJIe,lJ.OB3Tb H3 CXO,lJ.HMOCTb YK333HHble P5l,lJ.bI C nOJIO)l{HTeJIbHbIMH '-IJIeH3MH.
2
2.1. L 3"(n + 2)! (OT8eT: P3CXO,lJ.HTC5I. )
n5
11=.
2.2. L 7n - 1 (OT8eT: CXO,lJ.HTC5I.)
5"{Ir+ I)!
rt=l 00
\' (78 )n(-;1 )7.
2.3. L (OT8eT: CXO,lJ.HTC5I.)
I!=l
2.4. L (2n + I) tg ; . (OT8eT: CXO,lJ.HTC5I.)
n=1
00
L n"/2.
2.5. (OT8eT: P3CXO,lJ.HTC5I.)
3"
n=1
00
2.6. \' 4.5.6···(n+3). (OT8eT: CXO,lJ.HTC5I.) L 5·7· 9···(2n + 3)
n=1
47
2.7. L ( (ofn7• (OT8eT: CXO,lJ.HTC5I.)
n~1
2.8. L 1·7·13···(6n-5) COT8eT: pac XO,lJ.H TC5I. )
2·3·4···(n+l)
n~1
2.9. L 3n(n + I) (OT8eT: CXO,lJ.HTC5I.)
5n
n~1
2.10. L (n + 2)! (OT8eT: CXO,lJ.HTC5I.)
nn
n~1
2.11. L . 2n (OT8eT: CXO,lJ.HTC5I.)
nSIn-.
3n
n~1
2.12. L (n + 1)"/2 (OT8eT: CXO,lJ.HTC5I.)
n!
n~1
2.13. L n! (OT8eT: CXO,lJ.HTC5I.)
5n(n + 3)!
n~1
2.14. L 1.6·11···(5n-4) (OT8eT: paCXO,lJ.HTC51. )
3·7·11···(4n-l) .
n~1
2.15. L nn (OT8eT: pa CXO,lJ.H TC5I. )
(n +3)! .
n~1
2.16. L n3 tg ~~ . (OT8eT: CXO,lJ.HTC5I.)
n~1
2.17. L (n2 + 3) (OT8eT: CXO,lJ.HTC5I.)
(n+ 1)1
n~1
2.18. L n (OT8eT: CXO,lJ.HTC5I.)
(2n+3)1·
n~1
41 2.19.
\' (n+l)" L n!
(OT8eT: paCXO.ll.HTC5I.)
2.20.
\' 2·5· S···(3n - I) (OT8eT: CXO.ll.HTC5I.)
L 3· 7 . II ... (4n - I) .
n=1
2.21. L (3n - 1) sin :n' (OT8eT: CXO.ll.HTC5I.)
n=1
2.22. \' n + 2. (OT8eT: CXO.ll.HTC5I.) L n!
n=1
2.23. \' 3n - I . (OT8eT: CXO.ll.HTC5I.)
L .,;;:::in
n=1
2.24.
\' 1·5· 9···(4n - 3) (OT8eT: paCXO.ll.HTC5I.)
L I· 4 . 7··· (3n - 2)
n=1
2.25.
L 5n
-. (OT8eT: CXO.ll.HTC5I.) 4n!
2.26.
\' 1·3·5 ···(2n - I) (OT8eT: CXO.ll.HTC5I.)
L 2·7·12···(5n-3)
1l=1
2.27.
\' nn (OT8eT: paCXO.ll.HTC5I.)
L (n+I)!'
n=1
2.28.
\' (2n - I)' L (2n)!
(OT8eT: CXO.ll.HTC5I.)
L 2n
2.29. ---
5n(2n - I)
n=1
(OT8eT: CXO.ll.HTC5I.)
,,=1
\' 2n+1
L.;;::2n
(OT8eT: CXO.ll.HTC5I.)
2.30.
49
3
3.1. ,01 (~r
3.2. I (5n5~ I)"' (OT8eT: CXO.LJ.HTC5I.)
(OT8eT: paCXO.LJ.HTC5I.)
n == I
00
3.3. I (arctg 2n ~ 1 ) ". (OT8eT: CXO.LJ.HTC5I.)
n=1
3.4. \' --L (In (/l + 2))"
(OT8eT: CXO.LJ.HTC5I.)
11=1
3.5. f ( arcsin --b- yn. (OT8eT: CXO.LJ.HTC5I.)
n~1
00
3.6. \' (n2 + 5/l + 8 )n. (OT8eT: CXO.LJ.HTC5I.) L 3n2-2
n=1
00
3.7. I (arctg --b-) ". (OT8eT: CXO.LJ.HTC5I.)
fl=1
I (/l/(n+ I))'" 3.B.
2"
(OT8eT: CXO.LJ.HTC5I.)
n=1
n~1
\' 1 (OT8eT: CXO.LJ.HTC5I.)
L (In (n + 1)/"
3.9.
3.10. f (tg ;.. )3n. (OT8eT: CXO.LJ.HTC5I.)
11=1
3.11. \' 1 (OT8eT: CXO.LJ.HTC5I.)
L (In (n +3))"
n=1
3.12. ~ (3n: + 4n + 5 )"2. (OT8eT: CXO.ll.HTC5I.) L 6n -3n-1
n~1
50
3.13. I (2n2~ It (OTBeT: CXO.ll.HTC5I.)
11=1
3.14. I (sin :3 fn. (OTBeT: CXO.ll.HTC5I.)
n -= I
3.15. I (n ~ I )3n. (OTBeT: CXO.ll.HTC5I.)
n=1
3.16. I 4n (OTBeT: paCXO.ll.HTC5I.)
((/l + 1)/n)"
f!=1
3.17. I (OTBeT: CXO.ll.HTC5I.)
(In(/l + I))'
fl=1
3. ts. I (3n3~ I t. (OTBeT: CXO.ll.HTC5I.)
11=1
3.19. I (arcsin +) n. (OTBeT: CXO.ll.HTC5I.)
11=1
3.20. I (niz It· (OTBeT: CXO.ll.HTC5I.)
n~1
3.21. I ( 3n2-n-1 r (OTBeT: CXO.ll.HTC5I.)
7n2+3n+4 .
n=1
3.22. I (3n~ Ir· (OTBeT: CXO.ll.HTC5I.)
n=1
00 I 2"
3.23. I (arcsin~) . (OTBeT: CXO.ll.HTC5I.)
n=1
00
3.24. I (/liz I yn. (OTBeT: CXO.ll.HTC5I.)
fl=1
bl n=1
3.25. I «n +5~)/n)n' (OTBer: CXOAHTC5I.)
n=1
n=1
3.28. f (arctg 2n ~ I ) ". (OT8eT: CXO.LJ.HTC5I.)
n=1
n=1
I IOn
(OT8eT: CXO.LJ.I1TC5I.) (In (n + 5»' .
3.29.
00
3.30. I (arcSin 2nn ~ 35) n. (OT8eT: CXO.LJ.HTC5I.)
n=1
4.1.
~ ( 2n + I )2
L 4n2 + I .
n=1
4.3. \' I
L (2n + I) In" (2n + I)
n=1
4.5. \' I
L (3n + 4) In' (3n + 4)
n=1
Ioo ( 7 + n )2
4.7. .
49 + n2
n=1
49 \' -I-In~ .
.. L _I n-I
n=2---yn
4.11.
n=1
4
4.2. \' I .
L: (3n + 2) In (3n + 2)
n=1
4.4.
4.6.
4.8.
I (3n - I) I ~ (3n - I) .
n=1
4.10. \' I .
L (5n - 2) In (5n - 2)
n=1
4.12.
4.13. I I 4.14. I I
V(3n _ 1)4 (n + 2) In (n + 2)
n=1 n=1
4.15. I I 4.16. I I
(IOn + 5) In (IOn + 5) V(2n + 3)7
n=1 n=1
4.17. I 5+n
25 + n2 •
n=1
4.18. I I
(n+3)ln (n+3)ln (In (n+3))
n=1
4.19. I I 4.20. I I
(3 + 2n) In 5(3 + 2n) V(4 + 9n)5
n=! n=1
4.21. I 4.22. I 3+n
(91l - 4) In2 (9n - 4) 9 + n2 - 2n
n=1 n=1
4.23. I I 4.24. I I
(5n + 8) In3 (5n + 8) V(7n - 5)3
n=1 n=1
4.25. I I
(n + 4) In (n + 4) In (In (n + 4))
n=1
4.26. I 4.27. I I
(3 + 8tl) Inl (3 + 8n) -V(4n - 3)l
n=1 11=1
4.28. I I 4.29. I 2+n
(IOn +3) In2 (IOn+3) 4 + n2 - n
n=1 n=1
4.30. I
(n+5) In (n+ 5) In (In (n+ 5))
n=1
5
5.1. I I (OT8er: CXO.LJ.HTC5I.)
-vn3+2
n=1
53 5.2. I .) r---;:- (OTSeT: CXO;UfTC51.)
11==1 -VI! d
5.3. I 51!~2' (OTseT: pacxo,UI1TC5I. )
h---=-=- I
5.4. I (OTseT: paCXO,UI1TC51. }
Il-=I 'vll'-+-31l
5.5. I (OTseT: pac.xO:I.I1TC51. )
\~Il
II-I
5.6. I (OTBeT: pac.xO,UHTC51. )
In (1l-+-2) .
11 =- I
5.7. II (OTseT: paCXO,UHTC51. )
J;- .
\il!
11=1
5.B. I 31l-1 ( OTseT: paCXO,UI1TC51. )
11=1
5.9. I t ~ (OTseT: CXO,UI1TC51. )
g 3" .
11=1
5.10. I 1!-+-3 (OTseT: paCXO,UHTC51. )
n (I! -+- 1)
11=1
5.11. I 31!-1 (OTseT: paCXO,UI1TC51. )
I!~ -+- I .
n=1
5.12. I I ( Oreer: pacxo,UI1TC51. )
In (I! -+- 3)
n=1
5.13. I 2n - I (OTseT: paCXO,UI1TC5I. )
31!" -+- 5
n~1
54 5.14. I
------. (OTBeT: CXO)l.I1TC51.) 3n' _ n + 1
I/=---I
5.15.
\' sin _Jl_. (OTBeT: CXO)l.I1TC51.) L 2"-1
ff=1
5.16. I n~n++24)' (OTBeT: paCXO)l.I1TC51.)
11=1
5 17 I . 2rr (0 )
" Sin -. TBeT: CXO)l.HTC51.
3"
fl::_[
5.18.
\' 1 (OTBeT: CXO)l.HTC51.)
L (n+I)(n+3)
Il=--!
5.19. I Il .13,,,, iOreer: CXO)l.HTC51.)
fI-=[
5.20~ \' 1 (OTBeT: CXO)l.I1TC51.)
/ L (2n + I). 3"
fI=1
5.21. \' n+2. (OTBeT: pacxo;J,I1TCH.)
LnY;;
N=I
5.22. I sin 2n:_ 1 . (OTBeT: paCXO)l.I1TCH.)
n=1
00
5.23. \' n' (OTBeT: paCXO)l.I1TCH.)
L n" + 2 .
11=1
5.24.
\' sin___::_. (OTBeT: paCXO)l.I1TC51.) L 4n
0-=-==1
5.25. \' __ 11_ (OTBeT: CXO)l.I1TCH.) L nl+1 .
fl=(
55
5.26. I 2n2 + 5 (OTBeT: CXO,UI1TC5I.)
"=1
5.27. I n21+4' (OTBeT: CXO,UI1TC5I.)
n=1
5.28. I 2n+ I (OTBeT: paCXO,UI1TC5I. )
n2+4 .
11=1
5.29. I (OTBeT: CXO,UI1TC51.)
5n" + 3
n=1
5.30. I I (OTBeT: CXO,UI1TC5I.)
(n + I)(n + 6)
n=1
6
6.1. I n 6.2. I I
(n+ If . -Vn(n-I)
n=1 n=1
6.3. I 2n - I 6.4. I n(n + I)
2n2 + I 3n
n=1 n=1
6.5. I 2n 6.6. I~'
I +22n
n=1 n=2
6.7. I n3 6.8. I n2: 3 .
(n+ 1)1
1l=1 n=1
6.9. I n! 6.10. I I
7' (5n - I) (6n + 3) .
n=1 n=l
I I I Inn'
6.11. -V3n+ I . 6.12. 5n(n+3)
n=O n=1
56 6.13. I I 6.14. I n+2
--- -n-2-
3" + n
11=1 n=1
00 00
6.15. I~· 6.16. I~
3" 5 •
n
11=1 fl=1
6.17. I I 6.18. I 2n-1
n-v;;+l' , .
n.
fi=l n=1
6.19. I n+1 6.20. I I
2n + 5 . -vn(n + 3)
1l=1 n=1
6.21. I I 6.22. I (n + I)!
~ (2n)!
0=1 n=1
6.23. I I 6.24. f ~C~I t·
(3n-2)(7n-l)
n=1 n=1
6.25. I I 6.26. I n(n + I)
-.j7n + I 9n
n=O ll=l
6.27. I n-7 6.28. I I
3n' + 5n - 2 (4n-I)(4n+5)
n=1 11=1
6.29. fez:7)'" 6.30. I 6n
(n-I)!
11=1 n=1
YIcCJlenOBaTb Ha CXOnl1MOCTb 11 a6COJllOTHYlO CXOnl1MOCTb
aaakouepenytouurecs p51nbI.
7
7.1. I(-I)"+I I (OT8eT: a6COJllOTHO CXOnI1TC51.)
(n+ 1).3n•
n=1
7.2. I (-I)" (OT8eT: YCJlOBHO CXOnI1TC51.)
~
n=O
57 7.3.
I (_1)"+1
-'----,,-'--. (OTBeT: YCJlOBHO CXO,LUfTCH.) In /l
7 4 I (_I)n+1 __ tl_. (0 )
. . TBeT: paCxO.uHTCH.
611 + 5
t! -= (
7.5. \' (-I)" 4 Ie' (OTBeT: a6COJllOTHO CXO.uHTCH.)
L '.In,
11=1 V
n =-1
\' (-It+I_I-. (OTBeT: YCJlOBHO CXO.uHTCH.)
L .;;;
7.6.
7.7. I (_1),,-17, (OTBeT: a6CO,1IOTHO CXO.uHTCH.)
rl=1
7.8. I (-1),,+1 (2n + I)/l (OTBer: a6COJllOTHO . cxo-
/1=:.:.::1
J].HTCH. )
7.9. I (-If+1 (Orser: YCJlOBHO CXO.uHTCH.)
-Fz+I
II -= I 7.10. I (_1)"-1 (OTBeT: a6COJllOTHO CXOJ.l.HTCH.)
V;;
tl=1 n
7.1t. I(-lt+1 2n + I (OTBeT: YCJlOBHO CXO.uHTCH.)
n(n + I)'
tZ=1 7.12. I (_I)" nt5. (OrBeT: a6COJllOTHO CXO.uHTCH.)
rl=1
7 13 \' (_I),,+I __ II_. (0 )
. . L 3n _ I TBeT: pacxonurcs.
11::....::.:1
7.14. \' J..=._!l_. (OTBeT: YCJlOBHO CXO.uI1TCH.) L 2n-1
u=1
58
7.15.
( I'"
'\ -) . (GT8eT: a6COJlIOTHO CXO,UI1TC51.)
L (2n-I)3"
11=1
7.16.
I (-1),,-1
-'---::-'-_. (GT8eT: YCJlOBHO CXO,UI1TC51.) 2fl
1/=-01
7.17. '\ (-I)"+I~. (GT8eT: pacxo,UI1TC51.)
L II
11=-1
7.18.
I (-I)"
---'-:--'---. (GT8eT: a6coJllOTHO CXO,UIlTC51.) 3fl" + I
Tl=1
I (-I)".
7.19. (GT8eT: aoco.norao CXO,UI1TC51.)
n,Fz
11=1
7.20.
'\ (-Irl L n·51T
(GT8eT: aoco.norno CXO,UI1TC51.)
,1=1
~I (-1)"-1
7.21. . (GT8eT: a6COJllOTHO CXO,UI1TC51.)
II!
11=1
7.22. '\ ( - It 3 . (GT8eT: YCJlOBHO CXO,UHTC51.)
L In (II + I)
~J = J
7.23.
'\ (_ I Y + 1 2fl + I . (GT8eT: YCJlOBHO CXO,UI1TC51.)
L 5n(fl+ I)
u=l
'\ (_1)0+1
7.24. L 2n + 1 . (GT8eT: YCJlOBHO CXO,ll.I1TC51.)
1l=1 00
7.25.
(-1)"+1.3" (2n + I)"
(GT8eT: a6COJllOTHO CXO,UI1TCH.)
I
11=1 00
I
n~1
( Irl
- . (GT8eT: YCJlOBHO CXO,UI1TC51.)
-Fz+5
7.26.
7.27. I (-I)" n ~ 5. (GT8eT: a6COJllOTHO CXO,ll,HTC51.)
n=1
59
00
7.28. I (_1),,+1(_1_)". (Oreer: a6COJIIOTHO CXO-
2n +7
n=1
AHTCH.)
7.29. I (_1)"-1 (OT8eT' a6COJIIOTHO CXOAHTCH.)
(3n- 2)1
n=1
7.30. I (-ltn In(1 + 7)' (OT8er: YCJIOBHO cxo-
n~1
AHTCH.)
8
8.t. I (-1)"+1 8.2. I (_1)"+1
(2n -I?' (2n + 1)1
n=1 n=1
8.3. I (_1)"+1 8.4. I (-Irl
n" + I In (n + I)
n=1 n=1
00
8.5. I _(-1)"-1 8.6. I (-1)"+1.2"
n ·2" n4
n=1 n=1
00
8.7. I (- 1 )n+ 1 2n 3~ I . 8.8. I (- 1 t n2 n~ I .
n=1 11=1
00
8.9. I (-I)" 8.10. I (_1)"+1
7+[' (In (n + I))"
tz=l n=-l
8.11. I ( -I)" 8.12. f (- 1 t ( 2n ~ I ) '.
n(ln n)2 .
n=2 n=1
8.13. I (_1)"+1 8.14. I (_l)n+ 1 (n: 1)1 .
n In n
n=2 n=1
p
8.15. I (-It I~n . 8.16. I (-1)"+1 I
(n + 1)'/' .
n=1 n=1
60 8.17. I (_I)"_n_. 8.18. I (_I)n+1 2n + I
9n -I n(n + I) .
n=1 n=1
8.19. I (-I)" 8.20. I (- I)n I~nn .
(5n + I)"
n=1 1l=1
00
8.21. I(-I)"n~l. 8.22. I (-It+I~.
n + I
n=1 fl=1
oo~
8.23. I ( - It + 1 sin __::_. 8.24. I n 3n
(- I) 2n + 2 .
8n
n=1 n=1
00
8.25. I (-1),,+1 8.26. I (-I)" sin" 6: .
(n+ 1)(n+4)'
n=l n=1 8.27. \' (-1)"-1 2n+l. 8.28. \' (-I)"~.
L n(n+2) L n'-I
n=1
n=4
00
I (-1)"-1
8.29. .
-Vn V(n + 1)3
n=1
8.30. f ( - 5n4~ I )n.
n=1
Petuenue Tun08020 eapuanra
1. ,IJ,oKa3aTb CXO.D,IIMOCTb pana
\' 2n+ I
L n'(n + I)'
II HaHTII
n=1
ero CyMMy.
O 2n + I
~ 6lll,H11 4JIeH an =, , .D,aHHOrO psna npeztcra-
n (n + I)
BIIM B BII.D,e CYMMbI npocrejiumx .D,po6eii:
an = 2n + I = ~ + !!.... + _c_ + D
n'(n+I)' n n' n+1 (n+I)"
2n + I = An(n + 1)2 + B(n + I? + Cn2(n + I) + Dn2,
~ n~ I g ~'~'C, } =>- A = 0, C = 0,
n 2=A +2B,
61
I I
no:nOMY an = -" - ---:-
n (n + I)' .
HaH.ll.eM CyMMy nepnux n 4JIeHOB pxna:
I I 1 1 1
Sf! = I - 4 + 4 - 9 + 9 -16 + ... +
1 I 1 1 =1- 1
+, --, +-., -., "
(n-I)" n : n : (11+1)- (11+1)-
,IJ,aJIee BbI4HCJIHM CyMMy pana:
S = lim Sf! = lim (I _ 1 ) = 1
11_00 11_00 (n + I)' '
T. e, pH.ll. CXO}l,HTCH n ero cyMMa S = I. ~
Hccnenoaa n, aa CXO.ll.llMOCTb yxaaauasre pH.ll.bI C nO.'lOIKHTeJIbHbIMI1 4JIeHaMH.
2. \'~, L n"
n=1
~ BOCnOJIb3yeMcH npH3HaKoM ,IJ,'AJIaM6epa. I1MeeM:
II!
Qn=-" , n
a - (n+I)1
,,+1-
(11 + 1)"+1
lim~=lim (n+I)'n"
1/ _ 00 art 11 _ 00 (n + I r + t n !
I· (n + 1)11" I ( ti )n
= 1m --'----'---'---- = im -- =
11-00 (n+ 1)"(11+ I) 11_00 n+1
= lim = _!_ < I,
11-00 (I + I/n)" e
T. e . .ll.aHHbIH pH.ll. CXO.ll.HTCH. ~
00
\' (n+I)'"
3. L «<, 3" .
n=3
~ COrJIaCHO pa.ll.HKaJIbHOMY npH3HaKY KOWH, HMeerVi:
a _(n+I)"' I' «r.: I' n (n+I)'" _
n - -w-' -n' Hfl ·Van= 1m Ttl n -
n·3 fl--+oo n---+oo n·3
= lim (n + I)" = _!_ lim (I + _!_)n = ~ < 1
n_oo nkl• 3 3 n-oo n 3 '
T. e, HCXO.ll.HbIH pan CXO.ll.HTCH. ~ 62
4. \' L 21/<
n
tl=)
~ BOCnOJIb3yeMcH HHTerpaJIbHblM npH3HaKOM KOWIl. ,IJ,JIH sroro HCCJle.ll,yeM Heco6cTBeHHblH HHTerpaJI:
B B
( x~x = lim ( X. 2~X2 dx = lim (-~ ( 2~X2 d( _X2)) =
) 2 ~-> 00 ) Ii-> 00 2 )
J J J
= lim (_ 1 2-x' )I~ = lim (_ 1 + _1_) =_1_
~~OO 2 1n2 I ~-.oo 2In2·2~- 41n2 41n2
nOCKOJIbKY .ll,aHHbIH HHTerpaJJ CXO.ll,HTCH, TO CXO.ll,HTCH H HCCJIe.ll,yeMblH pan. ~
5. \' tg2_:rt_.
L 4-.j;;
Il=1
~ Hccnenyev .ll,aHHbIH pazi C noaoun.ro rtpenem.soro npnsuaxa cpaBHeHHH, KOTOPbIH COCTOHT B CJIeJl,YIOlll.eM. ECJIH
lim !!::_ = k, k E R, k =1= 0, TO pH.ll,bl C TaKHMH 06lll.HMH 4JIe-
n-v eo b;
HaMH senyr ceos O.ll,HHaKOBO B CMbICJIe CXO.ll,HMOCTH: H.'1H o6a CXO.ll,HTCH, HJIH o6a paCXO.ll,HTCH. I1MeeM an = tg2 _::_. B xa-
4-.j;;
4eCTBe paaa, C KOTOPblM 6Y.ll,eM cpaaauaari, HCXO.ll,HbIH pan B03bMeM rapMOHH4eCKHH paCXO.ll,Hlll.HHCH pan C 06lll.HM 4JIeHOM b ; = lin. Torna
lim !!::_ = lim
"--+00 btl tl--+oo
( :rt') 16
16n '7
(3.ll,eCb Mbl HCnOJIb30BaJIH nepBbIH 3aMe4aTeJIbHbIH npenen.) Hrax, MCCJIe.ll,yeMbIH pan paCXO)l,HTCH. ~
6. L (I - sin ~ ).
Ti=)
• ,IJ,JIH sroro pazra Heo6xoJl.HMbIH npH3HaK CXOJl,HMOCTH PH.ll,OB (I im an = 0) He BbInOJIHHeTCH. ,UeHCTBHTeJIbHO,
n~oo
63
lim an= lim (I-sin_!_)= I *0,
Il--+OO n oo n
T. e. HCXO.ll,HblH pH.lI, paCXO.ll,HTCH. ~
Hccnenoaari, na CXO.ll,HMOCTb H a6COJIIOTHylO CXO.ll,HMOCTb 3HaK04epe.ll,YlOLUHecH pH.lI,bl.
00
I (_1)"+1 7.
n . I"
~ BOCnOJIb3yeMcH npH3HaKoM J1eH6HHua. I1MeeM:
I
an= --, n » I"
. r
lim -- =0,
tl_oo n » T"
T. e . .lI,aHHblH pH.lI, CXO.ll,HTCH.
Hccnenyeu pan COCTaBJIeHHblH H3 a6COJIIOTHblX BeJIH4HH 4JIeHOB HCXO.ll,HorO pH.lI,a:
In.?"
n=l
(I)
TIpHMeHHM npH3HaK .u'AJIaM6epa:
lim an+l = lim
n_oo an n_oc
n . 7n I I' nil
-----:n-:-:-I = - irn -- = - < ,
(n+I)·7 + 7 n~oo n+1 7
T. e. pH.lI, (1) CXO.ll,HTCH. CJIe.ll,OBaTeJIbHO, HCXO.ll,HblH pH.lI, a6COJIIOTHO CXO.ll,HTCH. ~
n=1
tl=l
n=1
I (-I)"
BbInOJIHHeTCH npasnax J1eH6- n
n=1
nnua. PH.lI, I -* - rapMOHH4eCKHH (paCXO.ll,HLUHHCH). To-
n=1
rna pH.lI, I (-nl)" CXO.ll,HTCH yCJIOBHO. CyMMa CXO.ll,HLUerOCH
n=1
H paCXO.ll,HLUerOCH PH.lI,OB npencrasnaer C060H paCXO.ll,HLUHHCH pH.lI,. 3Ha4HT, HCCJIe.ll,yeMblH pH.lI, paCXO.ll,HTCH. ~
64
H/1,3-12.2
HaHTH 06JIaCTb CXOAHMOCTH pnaa,
1
00
1.1. L )~I . (OTBer: [ - -4-; -4-].)
00
'\"' nxn-I
1.2. L.. 2n-l. 3" ' (OTBer: (-6; 6).)
n=l
00
1.3. L ~"n. (OrBer: (-2; 2).)
n=l
1.4. '\"'~. (OTBer: [-2; 2).) L.. n » 2"
n=l
00
'\"' X"n .
1.5. L.. tOreer: [-I; I).)
00
'\"'~
1.6. L.. 2n + 1 . iOreer: [ - I; I).)
n=l
1.7.
'\"' 2nx"
L.. 2n - 1
(OTBer: [ - -4-; -4-).)
n=l
1.8, L (In x)". (OrBer: (~; e).)
n=l
Lx"
1. 9. _..:.___
n(n+ I)
iOreet: [-I; I].)
fl=l
00
L x3n
1.10. 2' iOreet: [-2; 2].)
S"(n + I)
n=l .
1.11. L (n(n+ I)xn, (Oreer: (-I; I).)
n=l
3-357
65
l.i2. I x" tg ;n' (Oreer: (-2; 2).)
n=l
1. I 3.
00
\' IO"x" ( [I I 1)
L ';;;' Oreet: - TO; TO ...
n=l
1.14.
(Oreer: (-e, e).)
1. I 5.
(Orser: [:C_5; 5).)
1. I 6.
00
\' x" L7'
n=l
(Oreet: [-1; 1].)
00
l.l7. I (o,1~nx2n. i Oreer: (--flO; -flO).)
n=
1.18. I (Ig x)". (OrBer: C~; 10)-)
11=1
00
1.19. I ~:. (Oreer: (-5; 5).)
n=l
1 .20. ~ 5"x" (OrBer' [_ -Ii. -{3] )
n~l (2n + I f ~ . . 5' 5 .
00
1.21. n~l :J;. (Oreer: [-1; 1].)
1.23.
(OTBer: [-1; I].)
n=1
66
00
\' 3nx" ( [I I ) )
1.24. L --:;-;:. Orser: - 3"; 3" .
n=l V;
1.25.
\' x"
L 2n~· iOreet: [-2; 2).)
n=l
1.26.
00
\' 2" xn ( [I I ) )
L~· Orser: -2; 2·
n=l
\' (n + Ifxn •
1.27. L 2" (Oreer: (-2; 2).)
1.28.
00
\' 5nxn ( [6
L 6n V;;. Oreer; - 5;
n=l
~ ).)
1.29. \' xntg_l_. (Oreer: [-1; 1).) L fl
n=l
1.30. f (n: It::· (Orser: (-5e; 5e).)
n=l
2
00 -v;; xn
2.1. I 2.2. I nn/2 xn
n! (n+ I)! .
n=l rl=1
00
2.3. I; In"x . 2.4. I (nxt·
n"
n=l n=l
00
2.5. I (x - 3)" 2.6. I (x - I)"
n! (n + I)!
n=l n=l
00
2.7. I 1 n+l X2n-1
(-) (2n- 1)(2n - I)!·
fl=l
2.8. I . x 2.9. I -n'x
510-. e .
2"
n=l n=l 6.7
2.10. I tg 2..-. 2.11. I x"
2n nl
r1=1 n=1
00
2.12. I~' 2.13. ~IJ;;·
xn
n=1
2.14. I 2.15. I (-I)"
n (x - 2)" xn n In n
n=1 n=2
2.16. I (x + I)" 2.17. I xn
2n 3"~'
n=1 n=1
2.18. I (n~)"' 2.19. I I
-
¢
n=1 n=1
2.20. I sin (2n - I) x 2.21. I 2n sin 2..-.
(2n-l? 3"
Il=l n=O
2.22. I~' 2.23. I nixn.
xn
n=1 n=1
2.24. I n!xn. 2.25. I~'
n"
"=1 n=1
2.26. I sin nx 2.27. I e=r'':
2 •
n
n=1 n=1
2.28. I n x 2.29. I+'-·
-;;;--
n=1 n=1
2.30. I cos nx
n~ .
n=1
3
3.1. I (x - 4)2n-1 (Oreer: 3~x<5.)
2n -I
n=1
68 3.2.
00
~ (x-2)'
L n"ln(l+I/n)
n=1
(Orser: I < x < 3.)
3.3.
\' (x-2t (Oreer: O<x<4.)
L.. 2'
n=1
'l.4.
iOreet: 0 < X < 2.)
n=1
3.5.
(Oreer: -9::S:;; x::s:;; -7.)
n=1
3.6. L (2 + X)". iOreer: -3<x< -1.)
n=1
L (x-I)" 3.7.
2"(n + 3)
(Oreer: -I::S:;; X < 3.)
n=1
00
3.S. \' (x+5)" iOreet: -6::S:;;x::s:;; -4.)
n':::l Vn + I. -,,{n2+I .
3.9. L 2,,2 (X + 2t'. iOreer: -2,5 < X < -1,5.)
n=O
00
3.10. L (x-I)"
2" In (n + I)
n=l
00
3.11. L n'(x+ 10)"
n"
fl=l (Oreer: -I::S:;; X < 3.)
(Orser: -e-IO<x<e-IO.)
3.12.
\' (x+ 5)"' L.. (n+l)"
(Oreer: -6::S:;;x::s:;; -4.)
n=O
3.13. ~ -Vln3(n+ I) (x+ It. (Oreer: O::S:;;x<2.)
L.. n+ I
n=O
69
00
3.14. L (2 _x)n sin ;.. (OTBeT: 0 < x < 4.)
n=O
3.15.
00
L (3 - 2x)n (0 1 ---- 2 )
TBeT: <x:::::::;.
n _ln2 n
n=1
3.16.
00
\' (3n - 2) (x - 3)n (OTBeT: I ~ x < 5.)
L (n + If2n+1
n=O
00
3.17. L (x-;/)" (OTBeT: I ~x~3.)
n=1
3.1B.
00
\' (x- 2)" (OTBeT: 0 ~ x < 4.)
L (2n-I).2n
n=1
00 :J~
3.19. \' (-It -yn+2 (x-2t. (OTBeT: I <x~3.)
L n+1
n=O
3.20.
00
\' (x+5)2n-1
L 2n· 4"
(OT8eT: -7 < x < ~3.)
n=1
3.21.
00
\' (2n - I)n(x + I)"
L 2" Inn
(OTBeT: -2<x<O.)
n=1
3.22.
00
\' (x+3)n (OTBeT: -4 ~'x~ -2.)
L n2
n=1
3.23.
\' (x+ 2)"' L n"
(OTBeT: -3 ~ X ~ - 1.)
n=1
00
3 24 \' (- I)n - I (x -2n2)2n. (0 I ~ X ~ 3 )
.. L T8eT: -.::: -.::: .
n=1
3.25.
00
\' (x- 1)2n
L n·9n
(OTBeT: 2<x<4.)
1l=1
70
00
326 \'( 1)"+1 (x-2)" (G 1 -3)
.. L - (n+I)ln(n+I)' T8eT: <x",,=:::.
n=1
00
3.27.
\' (x-3)" L n·5"
(GT8eT: -2 ~ x < 8.)
n=1
00
3.28. \' (_ 1 )" + 1 (2n - I )2" (X - I)"
k- (3n -2fn
(GT8eT: - ~ <
n=l
13 ) <x<T'
L (x_3)2n 3.29.
(n + I) In (n + I)
(GT8eT: 2 < x < 4.)
n=1
00
3.30. \' (-1)"-1 (x-5)". (GT8eT: 2<x~8.)
L n·3'
n=1
4
Pa3J10>KHTb B pflJI, Matcnopena <PYHKUHIO f(x). YKa3aTb 06J1aCTb CXOJI,I1MOCTH nonysemroro pana K :noil <PYHKUHH.
00
( L (- I)" . 52. x2n )
4.1. f(x) = cos 5x. GT8eT: , I x] < 00.
(2n)!
1/=\1
00
3 ( \' (_I)n-'x2.+2 )
4.2. f(x) = x arctg x. GT8eT: L 2n _ I ,I xl ~ 1.
n=1
00
• 2 ( \' (-l)"-'x··-2 )
4.3. f(x)=slOx. GT8eT: L (2n-I)! ' Ixl< 00.
n=1
00
4.4. f(x) = _x2_. (GT8eT: \' (_I)"xn+2, l r] < 1.)
·I+x L
n=O
00
2x3 ( \' (_I)".22"x6n )
4.5. f(x) = cos -3-' GT8eT: L 32'(2n)! ,I x] < 00.
n=O
00
4.6. f(x) = 2 2. (GT8eT: 2 \' 3nx2n, Ixl < . 1m.)
1-3x L -v3
n=O
00
( \' 3nx" )
4.7. f(x) = e", GT8eT: L --;;I' Ixl < 00.
n=G
00
4.8. f(x)= I~X· (GT8eT: I (_l)nxn, I~< 1.)
00
3 ( \' 2nx6" )
4.9. f(x) = ch (2x). GT8eT: L -;;!' I x] < 00.
n=O
00
I ( I (-I)nx" )
4.10. f(x)= -{7. GT8eT: , l x] < 00.
e' 2nn!
n=O
4.11. f(x) = sh x. (GT8eT: I X2n-1 Ixl < 00.)
(2n - I)! '
n=1
00
4.12. f(x) = e-x'. (GT8eT: I (_I)"x4n Ixl < 00.)
n! ,
n=O 4.13. f(x) = 2-x'. (GT8eT: I (_I)::nn. 2 x2n, Ixl < 00.)
n=O
00
x ( \' x" Inn. 5 )
4.14·f(X)=5. GT8eT: L n! ,Ixl<oo.
_I.: ( \' (-I)"x"+1
4.15. f(x)=xcos-yx. GT8eT: L (2n)!
sin 3x (
4.16. f(x) = __:._~. GT8eT:
x
I (_1)"-1.32"-1 ~~_-=-_ X2n-2
(2n - I)!
n=1
Ixl < 00.)
72
Pa3J10>KHTb <PYHKUHIO f(x) B pan Teanopa B OKpeCTHOCTH YKa3aHHOH T04KH XO. HaHTH 06J1aCTb CXOJI.HMOCTH nOJlY4eHHOrO pflJI.a K 3TOH <PYHKUHH.
00
4.17. f(x) = +, Xo -2. (GT8eT: - + I (X~n2)n
n=O
00
4.18. f(x) = X~ 3 ' Xo = -2. (GT8eT: I (-It(x+ 2t,
n=O
-3<x< -1.)
00
4.19. f(x) =~, Xo = I. (GT8eT: e I (X;?, Ixl < 00.)
n=O
I
4.20. f(x) = 2x + 5 ' Xo = 3.
(GT8eT: IT I (-ltC21)n(X-3t, -~ <x<I;.)
n=O
4.21. f(x) = I 2' Xo = I. (GT8eT: -41 \' n+ I (x-It,
~-~ L ~
n=O
4.22. f(x) = sin 11: ' Xo = 2.
(GT8eT: f' (_lr(~)2n (x_2)2n Ixl< 00.)
L 4 (2n)!'
n=O
2 4.23. f(x) = In (5x + 3), Xo = "5'
( \' (_I)"-1.5n ( 2)n 7 3 )
GT8eT: L n x +"5 I -"5 < x ~ "5'
n=l
73
00
4.24. f(x) = In 2 I , Xo = I. (OT8eT: \' (-nIl" (x-
x -2x+2 L.
n=l
I
4.25. f(x) = .rrr:: Xo = -3.
y4 +x
00
( \' (-I)"(2n - 1)1 )
OT8eT: 1 + L. 2"n! . (x + 3t, -4 < x ~ -2.
n=l
4.26. f(x) = cos x, Xo = : .
(OT8eT: f cos(~:n'T) (x- :f, Ixl< 00-)
n=O
I
4.27. f(x) = _ r==:' Xo = 2.
yX-I
(0 1 \' (-I)"(2n-I)!! (x-2)n 1 ::;::::3)
teet: + L. 2"n! ' < x--=:::.
n=l
I
4.28. f(x) = X2 _ 4x+ 3 ' Xo = -2.
00
(OT8eT: L (( 6 .13" - 10 ~ 5") (x+ 2t), -5 < x < I.)
n=O
00 sin(a+ nJt)
4.29. f(x) = sin x, Xo = a. (OT8eT: L n! 2 (x -
n=O
- at, Ixl < 00-)
4.30. f (x) = In (5x + 3),
XO= I. (OT8eT: In 8 +
5. Bbl4HCJlHTb YKa3aHHylO BeJlH4HHY npH6J1H>KeHHO C 3a.ll.aHHOH crenensto T04HOCTH a, BOCnOJlb30BaBWHCb pa3J10>Ke-
74
HHeM B CTeneHHOH pan COOTBeTCTBYIOll.lHM 06pa30M nO.Do(ip8HHOll cj:lYHKUHH.
5.1. e, a. = 0,0001. (OT~T: 2,7183.)
5.2. V25Q, a. = 0,01. (OT8eT: 3,017.)
5.3. sin 1, a. =0,00001. (OT8eT: 0,84147.)
5.4. -{l:3, a. = 0,001. (OT8eT: 1,140.)
5.5. arctg I~' a. = 0,001. (OT8€T: 0,304.) 5.6. In 3, a. = 0,000 1. (OT8eT: 1,0986.)
5.7. ch 2, a. = 0,0001. (OT8eT: 3,7622.)
5.8. Ig e, a. = 0,000 I. (OT8eT: 0,4343.)
5.9. n, a. = 0,00001. (OT8eT: 3,14159.) 5.10. e2, a. = 0,001. (OT8eT: 7,389.)
5.11. cos 2°, a. = 0,001. (OT8eT: 0,999.)
5.12. VSo, a. =0,001. (OT8eT: 4,309.)
5.13. In 5, a. = 0,001. (OT8eT: 1,609.)
5.14. arctg T' a. = 0,001. (OT8eT: 0,464.)
5.15. V738. a. = 0,001. (OT8eT: 3,006.) 5.16. v;, a. = 0,0000 I. (OT8eT: 1,3956.) 5.17. sin 1°, a. =0,0001. (OT8eT: 0,0175.)
5.18. J,j8,36, ex = 0,001. (OT8eT: 2,030.) 5.19. In 10, ex = 0,0001. (OT8eT: 2,3026.)
5.20. arcsin +, ex = 0,001. (OT8eT: 0,340.) 5.21. Ig7, ex = 0,001. (OTBeT: 0,8451.) 5.22. -..r;, a = 0,0001. (OT8eT: 1,6487.) 5.23. cos 10°, ex = 0,0001. (OT8eT: 0,9848.)
1
5.24. --, ex = 0,001. (OT8eT: 0,302.)
VW
1_iJ rtz:
5.25. V 1080, ex = 0,001. (OT8eT: 2,031.)
1
6.26. -, a. = 0,0001. (OT8eT: 0,3679.)
e
5.27. sin I~' ex = 0,0001. (OT8eT: 0,0314.) 5.28. ij9o, ex = 0,001. (OT8eT: 3,079.)
5.29. 1 ~, ex = O,OQI. (OTBeT: 0,496.)
7V 136
75
I
5.30. -, ex. = 0,00 I. (OTBeT: 0,716.)
V;
6. Hcnoasays pa3J10)f{eHHe nonenrrerpansnof <pyHKLJ.HH B CTeneHHOH pan, BbI4HCJlHTb YKa3aHHblH onpe.aenenuujl mrrerpan C T04HOCTbIO no 0,001.
0.25
'6.1. ~ In (I +-j;)dx. (OTBeT: 0,070.)
o I
6.2. ~ arctg (~ )dx. (OTBeT: 0,162.)
o 0.2
6.3. ~ -j;e-xdx. (OTBeT: 0,054.)
o 0.5
6.4. ~ arc~g x dx. (OTBeT: 0,48/.)
o
0.2
6.5. ~ -j; cos xdx. (OTBeT: 0,059.)
o 0,5
6.6. ~ In (I + x3)dx. (OTBeT: 0,015.)
o
I
6.7. ~ x2 sin xdx. (OTBeT: 0,223.)
o
I
6.B. ~ e-x'/2dx. (OTBeT: 0,855.) o
0,5
6.9. ~ ~dx. (OTBeT: 0,480.)
o
0,5
6.10. r =-. (OTBeT: 0,484,) J I +x
o
I
6.11. ~{/l+x2/4dx. (OTBeT: 1,027.)
o
0,5
6 r sinxx2 dx. 0
.12. J ( TBeT: 0,493.)
o
76
0,1
6.13. ~ e' -; I dx. (GT8eT: 0,103.)
o 0,5
6.14. ~ x2 cos 3xdx. (GT8eT: 0,018.)
o
0,5
6.15. ~ In (1 + x2)dx. (GT8eT: 0,385.)
o 0,4
6.16. ~ -r;e-x/4dx. (GT8eT: 0.159.)
o 0,5
6.17. ~ I +;20SX dx. (GT8eT: 2,568.)
0,3
0,5
~ arctg X2 d
6.18. 2 x.
X
(GT8eT: 0,498.)
o
0,8
6.19. ~ l-~OSX dx. (GT8eT: 0,156.) o
1
6.20. ~ sin x2 dx. (GT8eT: 0,310.)
o
0,1
6.21. ~ In (lx+ x) dx. (GT8eT: 0,098.)
o
1
6.22. ~ cos.v;dx. (GT8eT: 0,718.)
o
1
6.23. ~-r; sin xdx. (GT8eT: 0,364.)
o
25
6.24. ~ e-2x' dx. (GT8eT: 0,976.) o-Vx
1
6.25. ~ cos ~2 dx. (GT8eT: 0,994.) o
77
6.26. ~ arctgCf) dx. (GT8eT: 0,318.)
o
0,5
6.27. ~ x - ~ctg x dx. (GT8eT: 0,039.)
o
0,4
6.28. ~ -.J 1 x3 dx. (GT8eT: 0,397.) o
0,5
6.29. ~ e-x'dx. (GT8eT: 0,461.)
o
0,5 --
6.30. ~ --.fl+? dx. (GT8eT: 0,508.)
o
. 7. Haunt paanoxceuae B creneunoa pHJI. no creneuau x peureuaa JI.HCPCPepeHUHaJlbHOrO ypaaaenua (aanacars TpH nepsux, OTJlH4Hb[X OT HyJlfl, 4J1eHa sroro pa3J10}l{eHHfI).
7.1. y' = xy + e', Y (0) = 0. (GT8eT: y = x + + x2 +
+;X3+ .. )
7.2. Y'=x2y2+1, y(O} = I. (GT8eT: y= I-x+
+ +x3 + .. )
7.3. Y' -_ x2 _ y2, (0) 1 (G . I I
Y = 2"' T8eT. y = 2' - 4" x -
_ -FX2 + .. )
7.4. y' = x3 +y2, y(o) = T' (GT8eT: y= + + +x + + -FX2 + .. )
7.5. y' = x + y2, y(o) = -I. (GT8eT: y = -I + x + + 3x2 + ... )
7.6. y' = x + x2 + y2, Y (0) = I. (GT8eT: y = 1 + x +
+ ~ ~2 + .. )
76
7.7. II' = 2 cos x - Xy2, y(O) = 1. (GTeeT: y = 1 + 2x'-
I 2 '
-zx + .. )
7.8. y' = e' - y2, y(O) = O. (GTeeT: y = x+ +X2 _
_ ~X3 + .. .)
7.9. y'=X+y+y2, y(O) = 1. (GTeeT: y= 1+2x+
+ ~ X2~+ .. .)
7.10. y'=X2+y2,y(0)= 1. (GTeeT: y= 1 +x+x2+ ... ) 7.11. Y'=x2y2+ysinx, y(O)=+. (GTeeT: y=++
1 2 x3 )
+ TX + 12 + ...
7.12. y'=2y2+y~, y(O)=+.(GTeeT:y=++~ x+
26 2 )
+ 27x + ...
7.13. y'=e3x+2xy2, y(O) = I. (GTeeT: y= 1 +x+
+ ~X2+ ... )
7.14. y'=x+eY, y(O)=O. (GTeeT: y=x+x2+
++x3+ .. ')
~. 15. 1/ = y cos x + 2 cos y, y(O) = O. (GTeeT: y = 2x + +x-x+ ... )
7.16. if' = x2 + 2y2, y(o)= 0,2. (GTeeT: y=O,2+0,08x+ + 0,032x + ... )
7.17. y'=X2txy+y2, y(O) = 0,5. (GTeeT: y=O,5+ + O,25x + 0,375x + ... )
7.18. y' = e'inx + x, y(O) = O. (GTeeT: y = x + x2 +
+~~+ .. .)
7.19. !/ = xy - y2, y(O)= 0,2. (OTeeT: y = 0,2 - 0,04x+ +0,108x + ... )
7.20. y'=2x+l+~, y(O) = l. (GTeeT: y= 1 +2x+ + 3,5x2+ ... )
79
7.21. y' = x sin x - y2, y(O) = l. (OT8eT: y = 1 - x + +x2 + ... )
7.22. y' = 2X2 - xy, y(O) = O. (OT8eT: y = 4.0 _ 16x5 +
3! 5!
96x7 )
+71-···
7:23. y' = x - 2y2, y(O) = 0,5. (OT8eT: y = 0,5 - 0,5x + +x2 + ... )
7.24. y' = xe' + 2y2, y(O) = O. (OT8eT: y = +X2 +
I 3 I 4 )
+Tx +gX + ...
7.25. y'=xY+X2+y2, y(O) = I. (OT8eT: y= 1 +x+
+ ~ x2+ .. )
7.26. y' = xy +~, y(O) = O. (OT8eT: y = x + + x2 +
+.+X3+ .. )
7.27. y' = y~, y(O) = l. (OT8eT: y = 1 + x + x2 + ... )
7.28. y' = 2 sin x + xy, y(O) = O. (OT8eT: y = x2 +
I 4 II 6 )
+ 6x + 360 x + ...
7.29. y' = x2 + e", y(O) = O. (OT8eT: y = x + + x2 +
+ ~ x3+ .. )
7.30. y' = x2 + y, y(O) = I. ( OT8eT: y = 1 + x + ~~ + .. )
8. MeTo)].oM nOCJIe)].OBaTeJIbHOrO )].H<p<pepeHll,HpOBaHHH HaHTH nepaue k lJJIeHOB pa3JIO)!(eHHH B CTeneHHOH pan peureHHH )].H<p<pepeHUHaJIbHOrO ypaBHeHHH npu YKa3aHHbiX aasransHblX YCJIOBHHX.
8.1. y' = arcsin y + x, y(O) = +, k = 4. (OT8er: y = ++ + ~ + J..( 1 + _n_)x2 + J..(_2_ + ~ + _i__) x3 +
6 2 3';; 6 -V3 9 27-{i
+ .. )
89
8.2. y' = xy + In (y + x), y( 1) = 0, k = 5. (Or8er: y = = (X-; 1)2 + (X~ I? + (X~ 1)4 + .. )
8.3. y' = x + y2, y(O) = 1, k = 3. ( Oreet: y = x + ~! x2 +
+ :! x3 + .. )
8.4. y' = x + +, y(o) = 1, k = 5. (Or8er: y = 1 + x +
x3 X' )
+"3-"3+'"
8.5. ylV = xy -by' x2, y(o) = y' (0) = y" (0) = 1, y'" (0) = 1,
( X2 X3 X5 4X6 )
k = 7. Orser: y = 1 + x + 2T + 3T + 51 + 6! + ...
8.S. y' = 2x - 0,1y2, y(O) = 1, k = 3. (Orser: y = 1 - - O,lx + 0,01x2 + ... )
8.7. y'" = y" + y,2 + y3 + X, y(O) = 1, y'(O) = 2, y"(O) =
5 k (0' 2 X2 1 1 3 + 29 4 +
= 0" = 6. reet: y = 1 + x + 4 + T2 x 48 x
25 5 + )
+ 48 x ...
8.8. y'=x2_xy, y(O)=O,I, k=3. (Oreet: y=O,I- 0,05x2 + 0,333x3 + ... )
8.9. y" = 2yy',y(0) = 0, y'(O) = 1, k = 3.( Orser: y = x +
2x3 12x5 )
+ 3! +-5!- + ...
8.10. y' = 2x + cos y, y(O) = 0, k = 5. ( Oreet: y = x2 -
X3 X, )
-6-4+'"
8.11. y'" = y~ - xy,2, y(O) = 1, y'(O) = y"(O) = 1, k = 6. (Or8er: y= l+x+ ~; + ~: + :: +0.x5+ .. )
8.12. y' = 3x - y2, y(O) = 2, k = 3. (Or8er: y=2-4x- 123 x2 - .• )
81
8.13. y" = xyy', y(o) = y' (0) = I, k = 6. ( OTeeT: y = I +
_il 2x· 3x5 )
+x+3!" +T! +-s!+ ...
8.14. y' = x2 - 2y, y(o) = I, k = 3. (OT8eT: y = 1 - 2x + + 2X2 + ... )
, I
8~15. y" = J!...._ - -, y(l) = I, y' (I) = 0, k = 4.
y x
(OT8eT' y= 1 (x-I? _ (x_I)4 + 4(x-I)5 + )' . 2! 4! 51 ... /
8.16. y'=x2+O,2y2,y(0)=0,I,k=3. (OT8eT:y=0,1 + + 0,002x + 0,00004x2 + ... )
8.17. y" = y,2 + xy, y(0)=4, y'(O) = -2, k = 5.
(OT8eT: y = 4 - 2x + 2X2 - 2_x3 + 169 X4 + .. )
8.18. y'=xyty2, y(O)=O,I, k=3. (OT8eT: y=O,1 + + O,Olx + 0,051x + ... )
8.19. y" = eY sin y', y(n) = I, y'(n) = ;, k = 3. (OT8eT: y = 1 + ; (x - n) + ; (x - n? + .. )
8.20. y' = 0,2x + y2,y(O) = 1 ,k = 3. (OT8eT: y = 1 + x +
+ 1,lx2 + ... ) ,
8.21. y" = x2 + y2, y( -I) = 2, y' (- I) = 0,5, k = 4.
(OT8eT: y=2++(x+I)+ ~ (x+I?+ !~(x+ It+ .. )
8.22. y' = x2 +xy+e-x, y(O) = 0, k = 3. (OT8eT: y = x-
x2 5x3 )
-21+31+'"
8.23., y' = 1 ~ x2 + I, y(O) = I, k = 5. ( OT8eT: y = I +
+ 2 2 4 3 17 4 )
x-x + 3"x - gX + ...
8.24. y" + y = 0, y(O) = 0, y' (0) = I, k = 3. (OT8eT Y =
x3 x5 )
=x-3!"-T!+'"
8.25. y" = Y cos y' + x, y(O) = 1, y'(O) = ;, k = 3. (OTeeT: y = 1 + ; x + + x2 + .. -)
~2
8.26. y' = cos x + x2, y(O) = 0, k = 3. (OT8eT: y = x +
x3 x' )
+ '+-51 ...
3. .
8.27. y' - 4y + 2xy2 - e3x, y(O) = 2, k = 4. ( OT8eT: y =
9 31 2 II 3 )
=2+ x+"2x -fix + ...
8.28. (I - x) y" + y = 0, y (0) = y' (0) = I, k = 3.
(OT8eT: u= I +xL ~ + .. -)
8.29. 4x2y" + y = 0, y(l) = I, y'(I) = t, k = 3.
(OT8eT: y= I + t(x- I) - ~(X- 1)2 + .. -)
8.30. y'=2x2+y3, y(I)=I, k=3. (OT8eT: y=l+ +3(x-I)+ 1:(X_I)2+ .. -)
PeweHue Tun080cO 8apuaHTa HauTH 06JIaCTb CXO.lI.HMOCTH paaa.
1. ~ -~.
L .. V7+T
• BOCnOJIt,3yeMcH npH3HaKoM .lJ.'AJIaM6epa:
u IUn+11 n 1-1;;+1 ~ I
1m - = 1m =
"~OO u; tl~OO .j(1I + 1)2 + I.r;:
=-Vx lim - /2 112 + I =-Vx.
n~oo V II +211+2
I1HTepB,aJI CXQ.lI.HMOCTH onpenenaercs HepaBeHcTBoM-Vx < < I, orxyaa 0 < x < I. I1cCJIe.lI.yeM rpaaususre TO'lKH3TOrO HHTepBaJIa. OPH x _ 0 nOJIYlJHM lJHCJIOBOU pan, lJJIeHaMH KOTOporo HBJIRIOTCH HyJIH. 3TOT pHA CXOJ4HTCH, TOlJKa x = 0 BXO,B,Hr
63
B ero 06JIaCTb CXO)],HMOCTH. Ilpn x = I nOJIYlJHM lJHCJlOBOH PH)],
00
'\' I . BOCnOJIb30BaBWHCb npenensnuv npH3HaKOM
n'=l .;;;z+I
cpaBHeHHH PH)],OB C nOJIO)KHTeJIbHbIMH lJJIeHaMH, cpaBHHM 3TOT PH)], crapMOHHlJeCKHM paCXO)],Hlll.HMCH PH)],OM, 06lll.HHlJJIeH KOTOporo Vn = lin:
lim ~ = lim n = I = k =1= O.
n---?oo Vn 11--+-00 ~
CJIe)]'OBaTeJIbHO, lJHCJIOBOH PH)], '\' I paCXO)],HTCH H
n~ -Vn2+I
TO'lKa x = I He BXO)],HT B 06JIaCTb CXO)],HMOCTH.
TaKHM 06pa30M, 06JIaCTb CXO)],HMOCTH nccnenyevoro PH,D.a - 0:::::;; X< I. ~
2. ~ ~(X2_3X+2)n.
L n2 X2 +3x+2
n~1
=1
• no npH3HaKY lI.'AJIaM6epa HMeeM:
n2+2n+2Ix2_3X+2In+1
I· 1 u; + I 1 I' n2 + 2n + 1 x2 + 3x + 2
l l'H -- = l l'H 2 2 n
n~oo u; n~oo ~IX-3X+21
n? X2 + 3x+ 2
x2-3X+21Iim n2(n2+2n+2) =IX2-3X+21<1,
X2 + 3x+ 2 Il~OO (n" + 1)(n2 + 2n + I) X2 + 3x+ 2
_I < x2-3x+2 < I.
x2+3x+2
Peuraex nOJIYlJeHHbie HepaBeHCTBa:
_ I < x2 - 3x + 2, x2 - 3x + 2 + I > 0, 2X2 + 4 > O.
x2 + 3x + 2 r + 3x + 2 x2 + 3x + 2
OTCIO)]'a
X2 + 3x + 2 > 0, X E ( - 00; - 2) U ( - I; 00).
JlaJIee,
x2 - 3x + 2 < I, x2 - 3x + 2 _ I < 0, - 6x < 0,
x2 + 3x + 2 x2 + 3x + 2 x2 + 3x + 2
84
X
2 >0.
x +3x+ 2
CJleJI.OBaTeJlbHO, X E ( - 2; - I) U (0; 00). Ilpn x = ° no-
00
< U \' n2+ I
JIyllHM lIHCJIOBOH pHJI. L -n-2-' JI.JlH xoroporo
n=1
I. I· n2+ I
rrn u; = rm --2- = I * 0,
n oo n-+-oo n
T. e. Heo6xoJI.HMb1l1 npH3HaK CXOJI.HMOCTH He BbInOJlHHeTCH, CJleJI.OBaTeJlbHO, 3TOT lIHCJlOBOH pHJI. paCXOJI.HTCH. 06J1aCTb CXOJI.HMOCTH uccnenyeaoro pHJI.a: ° < x < 00. ~
00
3. ~ (3-x2r.
n=1
• Bocnoneayeacs paJI.HKaJlbHblM npH3HaKOM i\OWH. Ha-
X0JI.HM: .
Un = (3 - x2t, lim -v 13 - x21 n = 13 - x21 < I,
n-e-oo
Peuraex noayueuasre aepaseacrea:
3-X2> -I, x2-4<0, xE(-2; 2);
3 - x2 < I, x2 - 2 > 0, x E ( - 00; - -{2) U (-{2; 00).
Flepecexeaae HaHJI.eHHbIX peureana JI.aeT uarepaansr cxoJI.HMOCTH HCCJIeJI.yeMoro pHJI.a xE(-2; --/2)U(-{2; 2).
HCCJIeJI.yeM CXOJI.HMOCTb pHJI.a Ha KOHuax 3THX HHTepBa-
00
JIOB. Il pa X = + 2 nOJIYlJH M lJH CJIOBOH pHJI. ~ (- It. 3TOT
n=1
3HaKOlJepeJI.YIOw,HHCH lJHCJIOBOH pHJI. paCXOJI.HTCH, TaK KaK He BbInOJIHHeTCH He06xoJI.HMb1H npH3HaK CX0JI.HMOCTH lJHCJIOBOrO
pHJI.a (lim u.; = 0). Ilpn X = + -{2 nOJIYlJaeM lJHCJIOBOH pHJI.
n-e-cc
~ In, KOTOPblH paCXOJI.HTCH, nOCKOJIbKY He06xoJI.HMb1H npn-
n=1
3HaK CXOJI.HMOCTH TaK)Ke He BbInOJIHHeTCH. 3HalJHT, 06-
85
.nacrs CXO.ll.HMOCTH accnenyeuoro pana: (- 2; --{2) U
U(-{2; 2). ~
4. Pa3JIO)!(HTb <l>YHKUHIO y = cos" X B pHJI. TeHJIOpa B oxpecruocrn TOlJKH Xo = n/3. HaihH 06JIaCTb CXO.ll.HMOCTH nOJIYlJeHHOrO PH.lI.a K 3TOH <l>YHKUHH.
'. ~ Ilpeoopasyea .lI.aHHYIO <l>YHKUHIO:
2 1 + 1 2
y=cos X= T TCOS x.
Pa3JIO)!(HM nOJlYlJeHHYIO <l>YHKUHIO B pH.lI. TeHJIOpa. )lJlH sroro HaH.lI.eM 3HalJeHHH .lI.aHHOH <l>YHKUHH H ee-JJpoH3BO.ll.HbIX .lI.O n-ro nopnnxa BKJIIOlJHTeJIbHo B rosxe Xo = n/3:
1 1
f(x) = T + TCOS 2x,
f(xo) = f(~) = __!_ + __!_COS 211 =
3 2 2 3
__!_ - _!_ = _!_.
2 4 4 '
f,(~) = - sin 211 = _ -13. 3 3 2 '
f' (x) = - sin 2x,
f" (x) = - 2 cos 2x,
f,,(1I) 2 2Jt 1
T = - cosT = ;
flll( ~) = 4 sin 23Jt = 2-{3;
fill (x) = 4 sin 2x,
f(n)(x)= _2n-1 sin(2x+(n-1) ;), f(n)(~)= = _2n-1 sine; + (n -1) ~).
nOJIYlJeHHbie lIHCJIOBble 3HalJeHHH npoaaaoaasrx nO.ll.CT.8BJlHeM B pH.lI. Teanopa npa Xo = n/3:
cos2 X= _!_ __ I_ -/:3(x_~) + _I_(x- ..:!...)2 +
4 I! 2 3 2! 3
3
+-F2-V3(x- ;) + ... +*(-2n-lsin(2; +(n-
:n ))( 1I)n 1 f 2"-1 . (2:n
-1)2 x-T +···=4- L ntsm 3+
n=!
n
+ (n - 1) ;) ( x - ~) .
86
.lI.JlH HaXmK.lI.eHHH 06J1aCTH CXO.lI.HMOCTIf nonyxeanoro PH.lI.a Heo6x:o.lI.ltMO BbIHCHltTb, npa KaKHX 3HalJeHHHX x OCTaTOlJHbIH lJJleH pana Tennopa CTpeMHTCH K HYJlIO. OH HMeeT BH.lI.
Rn(X)= (n~2~)! sin(2~+n ;)(X- ~f+',
rne 1; E (x; xo). nOCKOJlbKY 1 sin( 2~ + n ;) 1 :::::;; I, .lI.OCTaT04HO
HaHTH 06J1aCTb CXO.lI.HMOCTH pnaa C 06lll.HM lJJleHOM
( 2" 1 (X - :rt3 )n+ I. COrJlaCHO npH3HaKY .lI.'AJlaM6epa,
n+ )!
lim 12"+1 (x - rr/3)" +2 (n + I)! 1 = lim 21x - :rt/31 = 0 < I.
n-+-oo (n+2)!·2"(x-:rt/3)"+1 n-+-oo n+2
nOJlYlJeHHbIH pan CXO.lI.HTCH npa JlI060M x. 3HalJHT" 06J1aCTb ero CXO.lI.HMOCTH K q,YH-KUHH f(x) = cos" x TaKOBa: - 00 < <x<00.4lIII
5. BbIlJHCJlHTb I/-V; npH6J1H)KeHHO C TOlJHOCTblO IX = = 0,000 I, BOCnOJlb30BaBWHCb pa3J10)KeHHeM q,YHKUHH y = eX B CTeneHHOH pH.lI. .
• BOCnOJlb3yeMcH PH.lI.OM (12.17). TaK KaK I/-V;= =e-I/2, TO
e-I/2= I-_I_ + _1- __ 1_ + _1 1_ + ...
2 4·2! 8·3! 16·4! 32·5!
nOJlYlJHJlH 3HaKOlJepe.lI.YIOlll.HHCH lJHCJlOBOH pan. .lI.JlH roro lJTo6bI BbI4HCJlHTb 3HalJeHHH q,YHKUHH C TOlJHOCTblO IX = = 0,000 I, Heo6xo.lI.HMO, lJTo6bI nepBbIH oropacsreaeaua 4J1eH 6blJl MeHbwe 0,0001 (no CJle.lI.CTBHIO H3 npaauaxa JIeH6- HHlI,a). I1MeeM
1 1
a7 = 64. 6! = 64.720 = 46080 < 0,0001.
C 3a.lI.aHflOH crenensto TOlJHOCTH:
e-I/2", I 1 + 1 1 + 1 1
'" -"2 "8 - 48 384 - 3840 '
1 I - 0,5 + 0,125 - 0,02083 + 0,00260 - 0,00026 ~
-Fe'"
~ 0,6065. 4lIII
87
6. Hcnonsays paanoxceuae nonuarerpam.aoti <PYHKUlHi B CTeneHHOH pan, BbIlJHC.nHTb onpeaeneaaua aarerpan G
~ dx
-== C TOlJHOCTblO no 0,001.
~
-I
~. Bocnonsayexca 6HHOMHa.nbHbIM Pfl.uOM (CM. rpopvyny (12.21)). Torna
_I = J_(1_(~)3)-1/3.
V8-X3 2 2
o 0
(dx 1 (( x3 x6 7x9 ) d
J V8-x3 ~ 2 11 1+24 + 288 + 18176 +... x=
1 ( 4 X7 7x'O ) 10
=2 x+ /24 + 7·288 + 10·18176 + ... -,=
1 ( 1 1 7 )
= 2 1-96 + 2016 - 181760 + ... ,
1
2016 < 0,001.
C TOlJHOCTblO no 0,001 o
(dx 1 1
J V8-x3 ~ 2 - 192 ~ 0,5 - 0,0052 ~ 0,495. ~
-I
7. HaHTH paanosceuae B CTeneHHOH pan no creneuav x - I peureaaa .uH<p<pepeHUHa.nbHoro ypasuenaa y' = 2x + l. y(l) -:- I (s anacars TpH nepaux, OT.nHlJHbIX OT ayns, lJ.neHa aroro paanoxceaaa.)
~ TOlJKa x = I He flB.nfleTCfI OC060H .u.nfl nanaoro ypaaaeuaa, n03TOMY ero peureaae MO)!(HO HCKaTb B anne pnna:
y=f(I)+ I'I(!I) (x-I)+ f'~\I) (x-I?+ f"~;I) (X_I)3+ ... 88
I1MeeM: 1(1)= I, /,(1)=2+ 13=3, f"(x)=2+3y2y', t"(I) = 2 + 3· 12·3 = II. Iloncr aanaa HaU.lI.eHHble 3HalJeHHfI npOH3BO.lI.HbIX B HCKOMblH pan, noaysaex peureuae .lI.aHHOrO ypasaeaua:
y=I+-A-(X-I)+-hl-(x-I)2+ ... ~
8. MeTO.lI.OM nocnenoaare.nsaoro .H.H<p<pepeHUHpOBaHHfI HaUTH nepssre 5 lJ.neHOB pa3.nO)KeHHfI B creneaaoa pan peureHHfI .lI.H<p<pepeHUHa.nbHoro ypaaaeans 4x2y" + y = 0 npa cne.l.YIOllI.HX YC.nOBHflX: y(l) = I, y'(I) = 1/2.
~ l1llI.eM peureaae naaaoro ypaaaeuns B BH.lI.e pa.aa:
y=t(I)+ f'i!l) (x-I)+ f'~\I) (X_I)2+ f"~;I) (X_I)3+
f IV (I) 4
+ -4!- (x- I) + ... ,
1(1)= I, /,(1)= +; f"(x)=- ~X2' f"(I)=-+;
t",(x) = - yIX2:;;42XY, t"'(I)= _ (J/2).~ -2·1 = ~; tH' (x) = - ((y" x2 + 2xy' - 2y - 2xY')x4 - 4x3(y' x2 -
-2xy))/(4x8); f'V(I)= - :~.
Iloncraanss aarineaaue 3Ha4eHHfI npOH3BO.lI.HbIX B pan, nOJIYlJaeM HCKOMoe peureune .lI.H<p<pepeHUHaJIbHOrO ypanHeHHfI:
y = I + _!_ (x - I) - _I _ (x _ 1)2 + _3 _ (x _ 1)3 _
2 4· 2! 8· 3!
- 161~4! (x- 1)4 + ... ,
I x-I (x - 1)2 (x _ 1)3
u= +-2-- 8 + 16
5(x- I)'
128 + ... ~
H11.3-12.3
1. Pa3.nO)KHTb B pan <PYPbe nepHO.lI.HlJecKYIO (c nepHO.lI.OM (() = 2n) <PYHKUHIO t(x), 3a.lI.aHHYIO aa orpesxe [-n; n],
89
II f() {O, -n~x<O,(O 'f()_n-2
.• x = x-I, ° ~ x ~ n, TBeT. x - -4- -
00 00
_.!. '\ cos ((2k - I)x) + Jt - 2 '\ sin ((2k - I)x)
rt L (2k-I)' rt L 2k-1
k=1 k= I
00
'\ Sin(2kx) )
L 2k •
k=1
12 f( )_{2X-I, -n~x~O, (0 . f(x)=
. . ,x - ° ° < TBeT.
, x",:::: rt.
co
= _ ~ + i. '\ cos ((2k - I )x) +
2 rt L (2k _ 1)2
k=1
00 =
+ 2(~ + I) '\ sin ((2k - I)x) _ 2 '\ sin (2kx) .)
rt L 2k -I L 2k
k=1 k=1
I 3 f() {O, -n ~ X < 0, (OTBeT.· f(x) = Jt+4 _
•• X = X + 2, ° --- ---
"':::: X "'=::: rt, 4
co
_.!. '\ cos ((2k - I)x) + rt L (2k _ I)'
k=1
k=1
k=1
1.4. f(x) _-{ -x + 1/2, -n ~ X ~ 0, (0 f( )
° ° TBeT: X =
, < X "'=::: n.
co
=~-.!. '\
4 rt L
oa k=1
+ I sin ~~kX) .)
k=1
00
cos((2k-l)x) _ Jt~1 '\ sin ((2k-l)x) +
(2k - If "L 2k - I
k=1
15 f() {O, -n~x<O'(OTBeT:f(x)=0-
" X = x/2 + I, ° --- --- 8
",=:::X ",=:::n.
00
_ _!_ '\ cos ((2k - I)x) + :t - 4 '\ sin ((2k - Ilx)
rt L (2k - I)" 2Jt L 2k - I
k= I k=1
00
_ '\ sin(2kx) )
L 2k .
k=I'
96
1.6. f(x)={2x+3, -n~x~O, (OTBer: f(x) = 3-.11 +
0, O<x~n. 2
co
+ ~ \' cos ((2k - I)x) + 2(1t:- 3) \' sin ((2k - I)x)
rt L.. (2k - 1)2 L.. 2k - I
k=1 k=1
co
_ 2 \' sin (2kx) )
L.. 2k .
k=1
17/() to, -n~x<O,(O ./()_6-.11+
.. X = 3 _ X, ° ~ X ~ n. TBeT. X - -4-
+ 2. \' cos ((2k - I)x) + 6 -It It \' sin ((2k - I)x) +
.11 L.. (2k - I? L.. 2k - I
k= I k=1
00
+ I sin J~kx) -)
k=1
I.B. /(x)={XO,-2, -n~x~O, (OTBeT: /(x)= O<x~n.
00 00
= _ .11+4 + ~ \' cos ((2k - I)x) + 4 + It \' sin (~2k-l)x) _
2 It L.. (2k - I f It L.. 2k - I
k=1 k=J
- I sin ~~kX) .)
k=1
{o -n ~ X < 0, (
1.9. f(x) = 4~ _ 3, ° ~ X ~ n. OTBeT: f (x) =
00
= 21t -:- 3 _ ~ \' cos ((2k - I )x) +
, 2 rt L.. (2k _ 1)2
k=1
00 00
+ 2(21t - 3) \' sin ((2k - I)x) -4 \' sin (2kx) )
.11 L.. 2k - I L.. 2k .
k=1 k=1
1.10. f(x) = {05,-X, -n~x~O, (OT8eT: /(x)= n+1O _
O<x~n. 4
t)l
00 00
_ : '\ COS ((2k - I)x) _ n~ 10 '\ sin ((2k - I)x) +
,. L.. (2k - 1 f ,. L.. 2k - 1
k=1 k=1
00
+ I sin ~~kX) .)
k=1
1 11 f () { 0, -11 ~ X < 0, (0 f ( )
• • X = 3x _ I, 0 ~ X ~ 11. TBeT: X =
00 00
= 3n-2 _~ '\ cos((2k-l)x) + 3n-2 '\ sin((2k-l)x)_
4 rt L.. (2k - 1 f rt L.. 2k - 1
k=1 k=1
00
-3 '\ sin (2kx) )
L.. 2k .
k=1
f() {3-2x -l1~X~O, (0 . f(x)- n+3_
1.12. X = 0, ' O<X~l1. TBeT. - 2
co
_ .i_ '\ cos ((2k - I )x)
rt L.. (2k - If
k=1
""
2(n: 3) '\ sin {(2k - I)x) +
L.. 2k-1
k=1
co
+ 2 I sin J~kX) -)
k=1
I I 3 f () { 0, - 11 ~ X < 0, (OTBeT.· f (x) =
• • X = (11-x)/2, O~X~l1.
co co
= ..::. + .l. '\ cos ((2k - I)x) + -21 '\ sinkkx.)
8 rt L.. (2k - 1)2 L..
~_I / k=1
1.14. f(x)={g:+ 1, -g~;~~: (OTBeT: f(x)=
co
= 2 - 5x + _l_Q_ '\ cos ((2k - I)x) +
4 rt L.. (2k - 1)2
k=1
co
+ 5n:: 2 '\ sin ((2k - I)x) 5 '\ sin (2kx) )
" L.. 2k - 1 - L.. 2k .
k=1
k=1
92
1.15. f(x)={O, -n~x<O,
1 - 4x, ° ~ x ~ n,
00
(OTBer: f(x) = 1-211: + ~ \' cos ((2k - l)x) +
• 2 11: L- (2k - I f
k=1
00 00
+ 2 - 4n \' sin ((2k - l)x) + 4 \' sin (2kx) .)
rt L- 2k - I L- 2k
k=1 k=1
1.16. f(x) ={3x + 2, -':"n ~ X ~ 0,
0, O<x~ rt.
00
(OTBer: f(x)= 4-3n + ~ \' cos((2k-l)x) +
4 11: L- (2k _ 1)2
k=1
00 00
+ 3n- 4 \' sin ((2k - l)x) _ 3 \' sin (2kx) .)
rt L- 2k - I L- 2k
k=1 k=1
1.17. f(x)={O, -n~x<O,
4 - 2x, ° ~ X ~ n,
00
(OTBer: f(x)= 4-n +.±. \' cos((2k-l)x) +
2 rt L- (2k - If
k=1
00 00
+ 2(4 - n) \' sin ((2k - l)x) + 2 \' sin (2kx) .)
rt L- 2k - I L- 2k
k= I k= I
];l8. f(x)={x+n/2, -n~ x~O, (OTBer: f{x) =
0, ° < X ~ n,
00 00
= ~ \' cos ((2k - l)x) _ \' sin (2kx) .)
rt L- (2k-lf L- 2k
k=1 k=1
1.19. f(x)={O, -n ~ x<O,
6x - 5, ° ~ X ~ n,
00
(OTBer: f(x) = 3n- 5 _...!!_ \' cos ((2k - l)x) +
2 rt L- (2k _ 1)2
k=1
00
+ 2 (3nn- 5) \' sin ((2k - l)x) _ 6 \' sin (2kx) )
L- 2k - I L- 2k .
k=1
k=1
93
1.20. f(X)={7-3X. -J1~X~O.
0. 0< X~J1.
00
(OTBer: f(x) = 3I1 + 14 _.!?_ \' cos ((2k - I)x)
4 II L- (2k - I)'
k=1
k=1
1.21. f(x) = {O.
II x
4-"2'
-J1 ~ x < 0. (0 f( )
TBeT: x =
° ~ x ~ J1.
00 00
= ~ \' cos ((2k - I)x) +...!_ \' sin (2kx) .)
"L- (2k - If 2 L- 2k
~I k=1
1.22. f(x)={6x-2. -J1 ~x~O,
0, O<x~ J1.
00
(OT . f(x) = _ 3I1 + 2 + ~ \' cos ((2k - I)x) +
BeT. 2 II L- (2k _ 1)2
k=1
00 00
+ 2(3I1 + 2) \' sin ((2k - I)x) _ 6 \' sin (2kx) .)
II L- 2k - I L- 2k
k=1 k=1
1.23. f(x)={O. -J1 ~x<O.
4 - 9x. 0 ~ X ~ J1.
00
(OTBeT: f(x) = 8 - 9I1 + ~ \' cos ((2k - I)x) +
. 4 II L- (2k - 1)2
k=1
00 00
+ 8 - 9I1 \' sin ((2k - I)x) + 9 \' sin (2kx) .)
II L- 2k - I L- 2k
k=1 k=1
1.24. f(x) ={X/3 - 3. -J1 ~ X ~ O.
0. 0< X~J1.
(OTBer: f(x) = _ II + 18 + ~ \' cos ((2k- I)x) +
12 3I1 L- (2k - I)'
k=1
00
+ 18 + II \' sin ((2k - I)x) _ ..!_ \' sin (2kx) )
9I1 L- 2k - I 9 L- 2k .
k=1 k=1
1.25. f(x)={O, -n~x<O,
IOx-3, O~x~n.
00
(OrBer: f(x) = 5n - 3 _ ~ \' cos ((2k - I)x) +
2 rt L- (2k-l?
k=!
00 co
+ 2(5n - 3) \' sin (2k - I)x) _ 10 \' sin (2kx) .)
rt L- 2k - I L- 2k
k=1 k= I
1.26. f(x)={I-x/4, -n~x~O,
0, O<x~n.
00
(0 . f( ) - rt + 8 I I cos «2k - I)x)
rBer. X - -- - -
16 2n (2k - 1j2
k=1
_ 11 ~ 8 I sin ~!k_-II)X) + + I sin ~!kX) .)
k=! k=1
1.27. f(x) = {O, -n ~ X < 0,
x/5-2, O~x~n.
00
(OrBeT: f(x) = n - 20 + _2_ \' cos (2k - I)x) +
20 5n L- (2k-l?
k=1
co 00
+ n - 20 \' sin ((2k - I)x) _ _!_ \' sin (2kx) .)
5n L- 2k - I 5 L- 2k
k=1 k=1
1.28. f(x) ={2x - II, -n ~ X ~ 0,
0, O<x~n.
00
(OrBeT: f(x) = _ n -b---ll + i_ \' cos ((2k - I)x) +
2 .n L (2k -11
k=1
00 00
+ 2(n+ II) \' sin ((2k - I)x) _ 2 \' sin (2kx) .)
rt L- 2k - I L- 2k .
k=1
k=1
1.29. f(x)={O, -n~x<O,
3 - 8x, ° ~ X ~ n.
00
(OrBer: f(x)= 3-24n + 1,,6 \' cos«(2k-l)x) +
,. L- (2k-ll
k=1
95
1.30. f(x)={7x-l, -n~x~O,
0, O<x~n.
(OT8eT: f(x) = _ 7it + 2 + _!.!. \' cos ((2k - I)x) +
4 it L- (2k - 1)2
k=1
00 00
+ 7it + 2 \' sin ((2k - I)x) _ 7 \' sin (2kx) .)
it L- 2k - I L- 2k
k=1 k=1
2. Pa3JIO}KHTb B pan <1>YPbe <PYHKLI,HIO f(x), 3a.lI.aHHYIO B HHTepBaJIe (0; n), np0.lI.OJI}KHB (noonpenenua) ee 4eTHbIM H He4eTHbIM o6pa30M. nOCTpOHTb rpadiaxn .lI.JIH xaxcnore np0.lI.OJI}KeHHH.
( e' I
2. J. f(x) =~. OT8eT: e' = -;:- +
n=1
n=1
00
2 ( 2 it' \' (-1)"+ 1 cos n x
2.2. f(x)=x. OT8eT: X ="""3" +4 L- n'
n=1
x2 =.3._ \' it2 - 4(2k - 1)2 sin ((2k _ l)x) _ 2n \' sin 2~kX) .)
it L- (2k - 1)3 L-
( 2" - I
2.3. f(x) = 2x. OT8eT: 2x = ~ +
00
2 I ') I 2"( I)n I
+ ~ - ,- cosnx,
it n2 + In' 2
n=1
00
z- =.3._ \' (_1)"+1.2" + I n sin nx.)
it L- n2 + In' 2
n=1
2.4. f(x) = ch x. (OT8eT: ch X = s~ it (1 +
96
00
+2 L (-l)lI~o:nn~)' chx= ! L 1-\-;~2chn nSinnx)
11=1
n=1
2.5. f(x) = e-x• (OT8eT:
00
+ 2n L _1_-----'-( ----'I );:-' e_-_"
cos nx,
I +n2
n=1
00
e-x =~ \' 1- (_I)"e-n n sin nx.) rt L I +n2
n=1
2.i. f(x) = (x - 1 f (OT8eT: (x _ 1)2 = n2 -!it + 3 +
00 00
+.±. \' 2-n cos((2k-l)x)+4 \' cos (2kx) (x-l)2=
rt L (2k_I)2 L (2k)2 '
k=1 k= 1
00
= ~ \' (it2 - 2n + 2 + 4 3) sin ((2k - 1 )x) + 2(2 _
it L 2k - I (2k - I)
k=1
00
_ ) \' sin (2kx) )
j( L 2k .
k=1
( 2(1 _ 3-"/2)
2.7. f(x) = 3-x/2• OT8er: 3-x/2 = +
it In 3
00
+ 41~3 \' 1_(_1)"·3-"/2
,. L 4n2 + (In 3)2
n=1
3-x/2 8 L 1_(_I)".3-n/2 . )
----';:----''------,,-- n SIn nx.
it 4n2 + (In 3)2
n=1
/
2.8. f(x) = sh 2x. (Or8eT: sh 2x = c~!n +
00
+!L
ch2n·(-I)"-1 cosnx, 4 + n2
II~I
4-351
97
00
sh2x=2.. I (-I)"+I.sh2n . )
" 2 n sm nx
" n + 4
2 ( 2 e2n - 1
2.9. f(x) = e ". OT6eT: e x = +
2n
00
+ 4n I ....:.( I-"..)"_e2_, "...-_1
- 2 COS nx,
4+n
n=1
00
2x 2 I I-(-I)"en • )
e = - 2 n sm nx.
n 4+n
11=1
2 ( 2 n2 - 6n + 12
2.10. f(x)=(x-2). OT6eT: (x-2) = 3 +
00 00
+ 4(4 - n) \' cos (2k - I) x + 4 \' cos 2kx
n L (2k - If L (2k? '
k=1 k=1
00
(x - 2f = 2.. \' (4n2 - 2 + ( _ It 2 - n2(2 - nf ) sin nx.)
n L n3 n3
( 3 (4n/3 _ I)
2.11. f(x)=4x/3• OT6eT: 4X/3= +
n
00
6 In 4 I ( - I)" . 4"/3 - I
+-- cosnx,
n 9n2+(In4?
fl=1
00
4x/3 18 I 1_(_1)".4"/3 . )
= - n sm nx.
n 9n2 + (In 4?
n=1
2.12. f(x) = ch ~ . (OT6eT: ch ~ = 2 sh~n/2) + + 4 sin(n/2) \' (-I)" cos nx ,
n L I +4n2
n=1
00
ch~= 8ch(n/2) \' 1-(-1)" nsinnx.)
2 n L I +4n2
n=1
4 ( 4 e'n - I
.2.13. f(x)=ex• OT6eT: eX= +
4"
+ 8n I (-I)"e'n_ I --'---;!---- cos nx,
n2+ 16
n=1
98
I 1-(-I)"e4" . )
2 n Sin nx.
n + 16
n=l
( ) 2 ( 2 ,,2 + 3" + 3
2.14. f x =(x+ I). OT8eT: (x+ I) = 3
00 00
_ 4(,,+2) \' cos((2k-l)x) +4 \' cos (2kx) (x + 1)2 =
" L (2k - I? L (2k)2 '
k=l k=l
00
= ~ \' (2 - n2) + (-I)"((n - 1)2n2 - 2) sin nx.)
" L 113
n=l
( 1 - 5-"
2.15. f(x) = 5-x• OT8eT: 5-x = -n--:-ln-=5- +
00
+ 21"n5 I 1-5-"(-1)" -:;----7---.:-:-;;- cos nx,
nl +(In 5)2
n=l
2.16. f(x) = sh 3x. (OT8eT: sh 3x = ch 3n - 1 + 3"
00
+ 6" I (- I)" ch 3" - 1 -'--__:_n-~-- cos n x,
n2 +9
n=1
2 h 3 I ( 1)"+1 )
sh 3x = ~ - n sin nx.
" n2 + 9
n=l
( 4(1 - e-a(4)
2.17. f(x) = e=?", OT8eT: e-x/4 = +
"
00
8 I 1 - ( - l)"e-n(4
+ - 2 cos nx,
" 16n + I
n=1
00
e-x/4 = 3,,2 I I - (-lre-n(4 • )
2 n SIn nx.
161f + I
n=1
co
+ ~ \' (_I)n(2n_I)2+ I cos nx,
n L n2
n=)
( 4 (6n/4 _ I)
2.19. f(x) = 6X/4• Orser: 6X/4 = +
n In 6
00
81n6 I (_1)"6n/4_1
+ -- cos nx,
rt 16n2+(ln6)2
n=)
00
6X/4 = ~ \' 1_(_I)n6n/4 n sin nx.) rt L 16n2 + (In 6)2
n=)
2.20. f(x) = ch 4x. (Or8er: ch 4x = s~:n + + 8 sh 4n \' ( - I)" cos n x
n L n2+ 16 '
n=)
ch 4x = 2. \' _1_-__,_(-,..--I)'-n_ch_4n_ n sin nx.) rt L n2 + 16
n=)
2.21. f(x) = e-3x. (Or8er: e-3x =
1- e-3n + 3n
+~I
1- (_I)"e-3n
2 cos nx,
n +9
n=)
00
-3x 2 I 1-(-I)"e-3n . )
e = - n sm nx.
n n2 + 9
n=)
2.22. f(x)=x2+1. (Or8er: x2+1= n2j3 + +4 I ( __ ;}n cos nx,
n=)
GO
x2 + 1 = ~ I -"-(n_2_----'2)c._+'-"-(2_---,:3:f-?_,_(Jt_2_:+---<.I)...l..(-_IL_)" sin nx-)
n=)
100
( 7(1 - 7 -n/7)
2.23. f(x) = 7 =", OT8eT: 7 -x/7 = +
Jt In 7
00
14 In 7 I I - (-1)".7 -n/7
+ --- cos nx,
n 49n2 + (In 7)2
n=l
00
7-x/7 = 9"8 \' 1_(_1)"7-n/7 )
" L -4-9n""'2-+--'-(In-7)-::-2 - n sin nx.
n=l
5 (Ch ; - I) 2.24. f(x) = sh ~ . (OT8eT: sh ~ = ----'--Jt--'-- +
00 ( _ I)" ch ~ - I
+IJt0I 5
------,,--- cos nx,
25n2 + 1
n=l
50SJth; IDe ( 1)"+1 )
sh ~ = - n sin nx.
5 25n2 + I
n=l
( 3(1 _ e-2n/3)
2.25. f(x) = e-2X!3. OT8eT: e-2xj3 = +
2Jt
+ In2 I 1_(_I)"e-2n/3 ---'--,,-'---- cos nx,
9n2 +4
n=l
00
-2xj3 _ 18 I 1- (- l)"e-2n/3 )
e - - n sin nx.
Jt 9n2 + 4
n=l
2.26. f(x) = (x - Jlf (OT8eT: (x - Jll = ~2 +
00 00
+ 4 I cos nx ( )2 - 2 I (n2,,2+2)(_I)n_l. )
--, x-Jt - - sm nx.
n2 Jt n3
n=l n=l
( 1- iO-n
2.27. f(x) = lO-x. OT8eT: lO-x = Jt In 10 +
00
+ 21n,,10 I I -(-I)" iO-n ---,:-'----'-;:-- cos nx,
n2 + In2 10
n=1
IO-x= 2Jt I I-(-I)".IO-n )
2 + I 2 10 n sin nx.
n n
n=l
101
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