nOTlOYIIIVVOK'l<;, To EH'lvonouAo.

Aool O&I'0U00l'0 (MouOt1o MneVOK'l )

H ~laJJOp<pwall TIlC; eeVIKrlC; TaUTOTIlTac;:

Ta aVaYVWOTIKO 616A1a OTIC; apxtc; TOU 200u alwva

H ovonr, CIT'lV rtc'tpldc. TO Ka8riKovTO TOU noxtrn KOt TOU OTPOTlc.iHIl rrooc OUTriV, KOt 'l YVWO'l TOU tOTOPLKOtJ T'l~ nopsxeovroc, elvm OL KUPLOL ci~OVEe; nove OTOUe; ortotouc KoBE xpcroc Em:VOUEL LOEOAUYIKO, npoKEqJ£VOU va KOTa~lWOEL T'lV unop~ri TOU OTllV OUVELOll" OT] TWV nOAITWV TOU. LTIlV nooortdaetc 5lanAQOIlC; KOl evioxuortc Tile; E8vlKriC; TOUTOTllTOC; Kat OUVEiO'lO'le;, 11 nOL5lKri 'lAlKio aUYKEVTpWV.sl Til Il.sYOAlJTEPTl noooovn. H yOAOUxnon rnc ertepvouevnc YEVLo.C; TWV noxrncv. OUlltpWVO IlE TO E8VtKO lOEWOll KOl TO OlOOY- 1l0TO TaU tv50~ou nopEA8oVTOe;, onoTEAEI TO npWTO O'lIlOVTlKO 6rillo vto Til oUYKPOT'lOl1 TllC: E8vlKTiC; TQUTOT'lTOe;. H n0l5lKri llAlKLO vOE1TOl KOTo. covenerc we; IlIlEAAOVTlKri YEV\{l TWV noxrrciv KOI TWV OTpaTtWTWV KOl OPL~8TOl we; 'lIlAlKtaKri EKe:LVll «cmvootu, rtou IlE rqv KOTo.AA'lAll olonOlooywy'lOTl O<.pEiAEt vo crtocrnocr ouvctonon rnc ncoouotcc Tile; KOt TWV unOXPEWOEWV rnc CITO OUYKEKPt)J£VO xwpo KOl XP6vo, va OlO<.pUAo.~El ~WVTOVtC; nc IlvTiIlEe; TOU napEA8oVTOe; Kat VO nvuivtorei vro TIlV uxonotnon TWV E8vlKWV 0POIlo.TWV. I H 5100lKoolo OUYKPOT'lOllC; .s9VlKriC; TOUTOTllTOC; OAAO KOt 11 oquuoto rtou anoOLOHUl 0' OUTriV, 6pioKOVTOl OE OIl£OTl OUVOPTIlOTl 11£ -nq eupurcpsc K01VWV1KtC;, rtoxrrucec KOl IO£OAOY1K£e; OUV8riK£C; nou EnLKPOTOUV oe urc xwpo ilIa 0PI0I.l£vIl XPOVIKri rteplcoo. LT'lV EAAooa, 01 npWTEC; OEKOe:rLEC; TOU 200u creve OIOKp[VOVTUl vto rqv napouoio ouv811KWV T£TOlWV nou Tono8£TOUV TO np66All1l0 Tile; £8VlKrie; TQUTOTIlTOe; OTO enlsevrpo TOU nextTlKOU. KOlVWVtKOU KOl lOEOAOytKOU EVOlo<p£pOVTOe;.

a~I.II1TpO MOKPUVUAlTI1

KOlvWV101l_OyO~ - Iuvepyonl~ TOU IOPUIlOTOC; Epeuvdrv vm TO nOloi

Me rnv OVOYVWPlOll TIlt: OVEf;OPTI1- ctoc TOU. TO ¢e6pou6plO 1QU 1830. TO ElIlIllVlKO Kp(hot: EXEI E(OlpETIKa m;plOplOIJEVO apia. H enEKTOm; TOU npoYfjOTOnOlEITOl OToolaKo KOI IJE coepc noxu opyo: TO 1863 nopoxwPOUVTOI TO IOVIO VnOIQ, npOOopTWVTOI TO 1881 1l0eooollio KOI !-lETa TOUC; 60i\KOVIKOUC; noxsuouc TOU 1913 n MOK£50vio. 11 KPtiTIl KOI TO Vilma TaU Arvutou, EVW TO 1918 TO euvooo Tilt:

E'\i\a5ao:; eneKTEivoVTOI lJe rrtv npooOPTT10ll TIlC: .6UT. Gpo Kilt:.

H 51051KOOIO ETOt cucrnetocoonc twv EMl']vUN oe EVO ev.oto noxmeo OUVolio «cauorcpet KOI 0 n680e; KOI TO cpcuc Tne; oUVEVWOIle; 80 cnorexcocr TO KUPIO I-lEi\IlIJO Tne; eN\IlVIKI'!e; noi\l1IKtie; EWe; TT1 MIKPOOlOTlKJi KOTOOTpOtpTi·2

ndvw o· OUTOUe; TOUt: 6f;ovee;, TO IOTOPIKO nccexacv npooeyyl~eTOl, anaKo8ioTOTOI KOi urtolvei OTnV urmpcolo TOU ncoovroc KOi TaU IJEMovroc. evw or e8VtKEe; npo050Klee; 8ewpOUVTOI De oovccrncn TOU IOTOPIKOU yiyveo801. 5IKOiOi\OyOUVTOi Kat svrOXUOVTOl IJEOO ana TTl 5100uv5eol'] TOUe; ue TO ncocxaov. H 8ewpio TOU ooxucpcuep, 11 OWfl106!']TIlOIl Tile; Ei\- 1IIlVIKOT'lTOe; Trle; MOK<:60vioe; Kat TO ortouocrorcoc 11 KUPIOPXia TI1t: OOTIKTie; Ta(ne; o-rqv 51lIJ6010 ~wti TOU T6- nau ana TO 1880 KOl uorepu KOI T] npow8llo'l Tilt: Meyoi\lle; toeoc ana TOUe; noxmeouc TIlC: exrrpooconouc K081OTOUV TT] 15loni\oOT] TT]e; e8vlKTit:

TOUTOTT]TOe; un08eoT] e~OlpeTlKO onunvnxn

IUfjtpwvo lJe TQ npOT]yoUI-lEVO, vtvsTOI tpcvepo OTi nvcuecn OTO rteptexoucvc nou Ouv8tTOUV Til 51051Kool0 «orvcovcconotqcnc. 8tIJOTQ oxeTlKo ue TT]V 516n'\aol1 TT]e; cavucnc rootoTT]lOC; TWV fjer\i\ovTIKwV nOAtTWV neenSI vn KOTtXOUV 0lljJOVTIKti 8EOll. To oxoi\elo we; enIOIl~.lQC; !popEae; KOIVWvrxortotnonc oUfjl-lelEXEI crqv cvcrcrxo Ol051Kooio TOOO ue TO nepleXOI-lEvo TWV OXOi\IKWV 6l6i\iwv ucrroplcc, oVOyvw01IKWV KOi yewypmpioe;) 600 KOI I-IE TnV anoooxl'] KOI uroacrncn E8vlKWV oUjJ86i\wv onec etvor 0 e:6VIKOe; EOpTOOIJOe;. 0 e8vlKoe; UIJvOC; 1<;01 11 onumc.

ITO ccecc OUTO 60 e~EToow TT]51051- Koala 50!-l1l0T)e; TaU nccexacvroc KOI TOV OPIOjJO 1I'1e; EVVOIOt: "nOTpI5a" EXOvTOe; we; I<;UP10 crjpcrc uvotpopnc TO neplEXOfjEVO TWV aVOYVWOllKWV Bl8i\iwv TT]e; neprobcu 1880-1919 KOl 8ewpwvToC; omoc 80 covet OTT] OUVExela Il 561-11l0T] TOU ncpcxaovrcc KOI 1] onocconvrcn TTlC; EVVOIOC; ncrptoc Y1VOVTOl or KUPIOI a~ovee; rrovro OTOUe; onoiouc Il 6lonlloon me E8vlKTie; TOUTOTT]TOe; rtpnvuoronorefrur

1. OpIClIJOe; Tile; nOTpilioe;: 'Elio(jlo,;; EaVIKC 'OPIO • "lliloiT£PrJ nOTpi1'io»

N'~oAoo~ :::uo,oo:;. 0 V'oo:; IOU ~oH"txv., (1S70). AOOI OE I'OUOOIH) (ouHoV'l KOU1A,Of])

LTIlV 01051Kooio ouvepornonc Tile; E8vIKJie; TOUTOTIlTOe; 11 cnoooonvron Tile; tVVOIOe; TI]e; norpfocc nai~el OT]- 1J0VTlKO poxo. H rtcrploo ETOI oev 8EWPElTOI we; EVO IOOVIKO oM6 onoKTa OUYK£KPl).lEVT] Un6OTOOT): Opi~ETal we; npoc TO Xwpo - e8VlKO OUVOco, e8V'KO EOOCpO';; - KOl we; ncoc TO Xpovo - noccxecvro. nopovro KOi fjE'\i\OVTO - KOI emOEXETOl OUVOIO- 81l1-l0TlKEC; ep).lllvEiee; 01 onolec OTIlpi~OV10i OTIlV uSloin;PIl KOI I-I0VOOIKti OXtOll nou K08e OTOI-IO Exel !-IE TnV ncrproc TOU.

D yewypotplKOO:_; nooootoorouoc Hle; naTpiooe; TnV evrcooci oe Eva ouo.ovevec ccvoxo aMwv ncrproccv KOi TOUTOXPOVO T1]V onouovovet KOi rqv 510xwpi~EI ana cutec. T600 11 npvrrnKTi 600 KOl 11 8eliKti TOOT], EKOT]i\Ee; OTIl yewypo<pIKti ovooooc OTT]V norploo. onorexouv TO loeoi\OYIKO unoBa8po nove oro ono!o. onwe; 60 tpcvel OTT] OUVEXElO, rl nOTpi50 80 onjJaiv!:1 ElIM.50, a ·ElIi\T]voo:_; KOi TO ElIi\IlVlI<;O 80 OlotpoponolouvTOl PI~IKa

uno TOV fjll ·Ei\i\T]vO KOi TO Illl EMIlVIKO, Il UnOKel).levlKr; OIQOTOon Tile; naTpiooe; 80 ortcamoea l-Ieydt..11 cturo- 0[0 Kat TEi\oe;. rl em8U!-IT]Tti fjOPqlTi 6p60T]C: 80 uncvoceuae! KOI OIKQ[Oi\oyT]8ei

ITT] OloOIKaoio 5Io!poponoinOIle; KOi OUOXEnoJ')e; nou npoovecepo. TO ouvopo rtozouv pO'\o K080PlOTlKO 0.11 unapXEI eV10e; TWV cuvoocov EVOrrorerrtn. I':~O).lOIWVeTQl KOI napdMT]i\a cutonpoccrookercu KOI pu8lJi~EI TI] 5p60T] TOU oe OXEollIJe 6.11 uncoxel EKTOe; TWV cuvopcov.>

Ai\i\wOle T] i510 J') unop~1l cuvooccv cev ouvcncvcrm an aUTO slvm 01-11':TOTomOlO KOI cruacoc

pl" Tla).,,, ''IV Tlo'pilja po<; fA,l,ooSa. MIKpal

r!~~v~t;;,' \,~~~:~T~~a;~:::1);~~~

( ... ). KOI 0 liI5cio~a~0<; ndElwv( 10 /JoBI)pO 1OU. 0'\01 01 /JIKpoi ~£<paAai OVlOI)~WB'I' 00" I" 'OU<; AopTlovro<; o~eaAjioV'" ·EKa· am" Tlalliiov UTlcpl)rpavwero, 510Tl flVOI '£~,\'1v ~al UrrEOXf:rrJ va uTI'Ipatjo'l rl)" 110' rpioa TOU £iU050, oaov 5';"0101 "a,\Uf(' pov~.

fA. Mo~pU\'O/ou. AA<pa81)raplo,' lila 'I)v A rwX0<;B. /9(l3./!IQ8, 1910-1915).

H tKTOOTl TWV ouvopov 6nwe; covepwvel Kat TO K£ij.levo, eev crtcerocror nOVTOT£ os Xpovo £VEOTWTO. To nocexecv KOI 0Xi TO ncpov ouxv6. unoKTo. npWToPXlKtl 0110UOat0TTlTO: elvrn o ncocvovruc nou OIKOIOAOVEi TT)V TWPlVI'j OUppiKVWOT) TWV £,uIlVU\WV optov, nccecxxcvrcc TT)V we; rtpooeplVn. M£ aUTO TOV rporto TO nopexecv yiv£fQI T) KlVT)TJipla 05UvOIlIl VIa TO lleAAOV KOI uncvooeuer IllO 6eATlWTIKT) KO! e~£AIKnKI'j rropetc nou eOTl6.~£TQl crnv anOKOTOOTOOT) Tile; £omplKtle; covexe.oc. Ta tlio<poe;, ,,0- TW ana TTlV omlKTl vwvia nou Ent60Axouv TO ccvccc. nclover &TOI £8VIKJi unoOTOOTl. yiV£TOI OlOXOe; ncxrnscc, OUYKPOT£i tva OP0j.lO KOI KoM;[ TO j.leA}.,oVTIKo OlPOTlWTIl va TO UT1T]penio£l, H 6ATl z.ecvccrc un06oTlSdTOl uno TO vevcvcc 011 Tl svvom TOU eSVlK00 e56.<poue; OEV oll~wvel nnePOiTIlTO TTlV npoVlloTiKIl OPlOSETTlOll TOU £,uTlVlKOU KpCITOUe;.· AVTi8£Ta, neplAOj.l6ovel neploxte; nou IiTOV OTO nopexeov EMTlVIKtc:. TWPO 6pioKOVTal E~W uno TO ouvopu OAM. OIOlTl' pouv TTl liUVaj.lIKl'\ nou TO VOj.llllonOld we; £MTlVIKo.. Me OUTIlV TTl ouMoVIDiIKl'\ 10 ocvccc peUOTonOloOVI0l, XavOUV 10 eecuccnso roue xapoKTl'\pO KOI j.l£TOI0nll;oVTOl "OTW cnc rnv ermpeio TOU nap£A86vwc: KOI TT)v e~e~lKTlKIl noperc ncoc TO IlEAAOV.S

TI ~Ivol nOTpic;

c. H rr(upi<; flVOI piO I'~y",\') ol"oyEvlla. (lVQl ro pipo<; Y'IS Y'l<;TO 0"010"" 01:0<; par; /:."OP' v' O)'O(lwl'£v '/lUX;' rt: "01 oWI'O'

.H rrorp'~, rral610 POO,liEVlIVOlpOva'l TIt· 510~ 'I a AO<pIOKO<; rou xwpiou OOS, I) 'I a"po rou KWOwvOCT10a;ou =<;, tj 01 KOpU'

~~~ l~~.li~:ra~~I~fJ, ~~~~~~~'t~'~:

Ao<; ncpltxfl (\,T6<; T(J)\' Ijlil) opiwv TI)<;, KOI irOl rr'\[ov 'I M!l~(liovia KOI 6'\0 TO £,\,I'I",,,d I'CP'I,.10 onoia riVal HoiTi '.mo5{)u~a. :' n01plS [IVOI 'I y~wooo 1'0<;' rc EoUIJWKOY i60rpCX;, IJ /iO{o f(J)\' TlPOYOv(J)V pa<;. ra "vopo f'\'\I),'c<;.HrraTPi~(illOloAOIoUpffO· '\11011'0<;' p'Kpoi "01 pCYO'\Ol, ".IoVOIOI"1lI rr("'1n<;, E" yi\'lIll1"iv, I) rr01pi~tivOIO,\OI 01 fiUl)vt<;O<;OIo"oljrrOT[pi'.pCX;KOIOviilo, ptvwO/, 10u.;orrOlOu<; xp£WI:JT(JTf.VO ayo· rrart. va Tlp&Tc "01 va u11cpoorril£o8£ 6,. O~~)V TWV liU"OfWV piawv, crcv l'£yaAWoc, rt, t07W "01 <'ila 1I0UI'0U tV ovdY"I)" ZljlW 'I rrolplC; 1'0<; £A.lciS! Zlj,w c BooI.\£..., lW\' EA.II)vwv.

(K. Mapou6ij. AVCVVlIlOiJCT6pIO~ 610 TTlV r' 1900-1905)

To KaeOpH]TIKO TWV srnonuccv ouvoPWV tpxeTOl O£ o£UT£PT) uolpc OTOV YlO TOV rlPOClilOPlOIlO TOU £eYlKOU £ooq>auc: KO! TIlC: £MIlVIKOTTlT0C: K~nome n£plOXtlc: um:loepXovTOl rtcpcvovrcc once TO KOlVO nccexaev, Il «own VAWOOO. 11 KOlvij urroolc. 01 npovovcr.

H cvcscccn 010 nccexaov o~M KOI 11 tll<PaOll nou cnoztaertn 0' aUTO, ruoronorouv TIlV EMTlVlKOTIlTa neproXWY nou 6pioKOVTOI £KTOC: TWV. £MI")YlKWV ouvopev KOeWe; ue curov TOV rpcrto onOKaSiOTOTOI 11 £omplKtl CUYtX£la KOI KOTOXUpWVETOl 11 ~£8VIKOTTlTO" TOU £li61jl0uc:. napoMnAO, IlE- 00 one OUTI'j TTl lil061Kooio, unovoPEOETOI tva nooruno eocene Ka! eEwpl")OllC; TT]e; npoYlloTlKOTIlTOe; nou 05T)y£i OTIl OUVTOVlOlltvl") cxxc rlOVW cnc cxc 15iKOlll noooneasrc YlO encVOKTllOll EOaljlWII nou lOTOPIKO unopXOUV uovo cc eMllvlKo

TI OVriK&t ~1C; TO EA.A'lVIKOV tiio'9OC:

fI' aura ro "d!1c"O YlVeral 1"0 IUTOplKI) ovalipopl] ptoo orro ''I\, oTioia TOvil,t:fOI ') .'\'\'1"'''01'110 rl)<; epOKI)S r'lS ""Ol<'OOVlO,> "(111)S Hrrupou). to KlJI'£VO ouv£X_if,Cl" .Torplj!,OroUWI)VlOpOU"OOIlOIOVarrO' ~op8ovcI 10 ayoOo II)S v,cu8£pio<; elval 10 p'''portpa\', 10 l'£yo~UT[pO" & OT[wiUI 6()QruXw<)llai:TlUrrOrOVTOUp"'KOV(U\'ov. To rBvIKO I)PUN 1&...,01) li£y dJ:"M,pw8'1' OOV' rc oi"olo '1!1w\, lic\' ovcyvwpio0'100v' IOU"OV1;0" 5c pcra'\UTCPOI I<i\'o""ol OTIU' ~ouo,,' 1)1'0<;' 01011 "01 ci,uOl CXOpoi, £I(10S rw" K010ltr'lrwv, oprpl08qTOOOl rrpcx; '11'0<; omfJol'ljv rrpo<; omOol'tj" '0 m:J.1plOv 'Ipwv i:50<pac;. 0 oyw" Tau 1821 Orv wcpr;nwfJ,), viOl aywvc,,- 1<01 V[OI Ouoim aV0f'tvouoIV I)J.'oC;,ovOD.opEvvo/owI'EVV,Weepou<;KOI TO"S Aomov<; a&AipOu<; I)pWY "or 1'0 em,u· xwpn' 'I)v cOW"" 'Il'w,' ("0'1)10».

1M. !uKeMoponoulI.ou. X. KUPIOK(ltOU ~UI poucccnccxoc EMI']VIKOV A"OY"WO)JOTC' PIOVriICfT]VE" 1918-1919)

r'm va ViV£1 WOTOOO «urovcqrn Tl enuootc TOU KOlVOO nopeA80vTOC: rtpoKEIj.lEVOU 1,10 npaaOloplo8£i II EVVOia nctcec. OAAO Kal vu yiVE! 11 ova"wyl') TTlC: O£ UAIKTi 600ll, EivOI cnopcrmro vc £~£Too8el Tl «noTpioo" KOTW uno "aVTlK[I~eVlKaH KO! KGTW cnc "unoKElIlEVlK6." xprmprc. EKI0C: ollAooli crro TO cuvocc. TO KOlV6 rmocxaov KOl TT) YAwooa, nou uovo VIa 0IEUKP1- VIOTIKOUC: ~oyouC; Sewpw [OW on OuvetTOUV tvov KOTO ouv81')KIl OVTIKell.leVlKO 0PlOj.lO TT)e; naTpilioc:, eev prroost va nap06Ati.llEl «cve« TT]V 10!OlTepll OXEOll rrou KoSe OTOIlO hel I-IE TTlV ncrploc TaU KOI TO KUPIO 01']uetc ovccoccc evoc rtcoouotou 6£- 01l00. rIO rlopooel"llo. a TO(j:lOC: TWV yovtwv, TO «cpncvopro TTlC: EII.KAnctcc. 0 KQllnOe;, I") OuM] TaU OXOAeiou, TO nOTplKO O11iTI. a! OVOj.lVijO£IC: IlETarpenovrcr O£ oUll60Aa eeoc 0110 TTlV

eVTEAWc; j.lOVQOlKI'j OXtOll nou KOSE OTOI.IO tX£1 ue Eva OUYKEKPllltvo xwpo, TT]v ncrctec TaU

o covcrcenccnecc li£oj.loc: TaU OT6- j.lOU j.l£ TTlV llilOiT£PTl ncrptzo TaU eK(j:IpOl;£1 ceevoc TIC: 1010~OUOEe; KO' ee (j:IOpO cuvarisec KOTW one TIC: onotec TO «cee 6.TO).lO -eeverc» IlE TOV reno nou y£vvJiSIlKE KOt lley6),.hlO£ KOI oeerepou "iveTol K080PIOlIKOC: VIO TTl OTIlPI~Tl Kal TT] OUVOIo8TlIlOTIKIl cccncn TOU 5t:Oj.lOU rtcu TO crouc 80 avomU~Et ue rnv nOTpioo uno rnv eupeln EVVOIa. Me Til Il£TO- 600ll uno rnv £lOIKI') OTT'! YEVIKI') OXEall, 000 OTolXeia K081OTOUOOV "j.l0- VO(jlKOH KOI .. npOOWntKOH TO O£OIlO ue TTlV ncrotec onOOIWrlOUVTO! we; liElioj.ltvo KOl napoxwpouv TTl aEOll TOUe; OE csetvc nou unovcouptcoov TOUe; KOlVOOe; OEOj.lOUc:, nov cuveeccv TO aUVOAO TWV OTOIlWV IlE TTlV rrcrprec. EiVQl XOPOKTTlPlOTIKO on Tl nopoj.ltplOll TWV npootornxrov 61Wj.lOTWV rtpavpc'rortmelrtn «m nOAl IlE TTlV KOTO(j:lUYl'\ ,,01 np060Arj j.lIOC: OTEvnc lil0npOOWnlKTic: OXtOllC: nou SEWoelrci 6TI £K(j:IpO~El 0 liEOj.lOe; OTOj.lOrrcrcrec. H norptoc KOTW one OUTO TO npicuo «etvc. 11 IlIlTTlP ncvnov llj.lwv» KOt .. 6!0 vc £uTuXTiOll nptnEl vc 0voflwllEV numv onwe; TTlV OIKOvcverov ucc-. oVO(j:lepEl 0 11. Ayy£A6- cou OTO EMIlVtKOY AVO"YWOj.lOTOprov 010 rnv S' 1910-1915. OE K£ij.levo ue TiTAO .. EMoc:".

H rcunon Tne; rmrptdcc ue TTlV OIKOVEVEIO KOI ~6.hIOTa I.IE TOV nupqvc l11C:, Til ).II")TtpO. rlEPlK~£i£1 KOTOPXi)V TOUC: Ol£VOUC: npOOWfllKOUC: 6£01l0U<:; nou XOPOKTTlpi~ouv rnv oraovevstcKl'\ ecnc. npoooiOOVTOe; crtn OTIl oxtail nrouo - nOTpioo TnV UnOKElj.levlKI'j 0100l00ll TWV olonpOOwntKwv OXEoecov. KOI nOpOMTlAO AEITOupyei e~looooonnncc KOI el;IOWTlKO KOellic: e~OI.lOAOvel TIC: aVTlBEO£IC; !\ol1510tpOpte; rtcu 151tnouv TTl oxtOll KOS£ oT6- uou pe rnv ncrpibc. npoocepovrcc cc OAOUC: KOIVIl TOUTOTIlTO, onwe; auni EK<ppO~£TOI )1E mv <PpoOll "TEKva TTle; aUT"'C: ncroteoc- l'\ "a6t~tpIQ" Oe; unorexeouc. TO Koel'\KOVTO KOI 01 unoXP£Woe!c: rtpoc TnV nOlploo OXI IlOVOV cev 610<pEpouv crto excfvc nooc rnv oucoveveru oMo urtcvoPEOOVTOI KOI cno TO iOIO KivIlTPO.

H· Ollj.looio KEl).lEVWV ue nocouorc nEpIEXOj.levO Ssv eVKElTol cnoxxcrOTIKO KOI uovo OlOV napoMTlAlOiJO TI")C: ncrpizcc ue Tr')V OIKO"tV£IO. oxAO 1"01 Olav j.lTlXOVlOj.lO J.1Eoa uno TOV cnoro 11 T00T10T] OUTl; EnlXElpeiTOi KOI OTIC: covene.ec nou Ent<ptP£I. KOTW one aUTO TO OK£nTIKO so npErl£1 vu rovloouue on TO UrlOKEIj.lEVlKO OTO!' xeio OTTl OXtOll OTOIlO - nOTpl60 EIlIrocner TI") e£WPTlOIl TaU IlEIlOVWIlEYOU aTOj.lOU nooc 0, n 11 tVVOIO rtcrctlio nEpIKA£iEl (cuvopc. cuvoroeruro-

TO, ncpccoon, yhWO'O'O. UnOXPEWOE!e;) KO! OOIlYEi 0'T1l O'UVtXEIO O'TT]v opvnoq turv mEVO OTOIlIKWV 8MtlJEwV YIO X6.PIl Tile; ncrptooc. npOKE!Tal xomcv. vrc j.!10 151015IKoO'io unOTOYt;e; TOU UnOKE!j.!EVlKOU aro!XEioU O'TO KOlV6 KaA6 Ita! ouuoepov, 151aj.!toou 1l1e; npo80hr]e; npoounuxdiv 6E- 0IlWV 11.0( TWV ouvol081lj.!OTWV nou TO cuvceeuouv.

H tllnpoKTIl on66El~1l cvcnnc npoc TIlV nOTpi150 EivOI OUV6PTIlO'Il Tile; cpvIlOl']e; OT6xwv j.!E npOOWniKO OI+lEhOe; Kat OVTiKPIOIlO rtpoxeiuevou VO' npo- 8h1l8~i TO y61lTPO Tile; norptocc. acexoe; pe cpeoec erurmocsrc o-ro ouvohO 10U nhll8uotJou TIlC;.

H oviin!) T!)c;nOTpioo"

~~(,. no(l<" "0 cU1UX'low. 6l" I1UOW V(J 00 ~ooQ("

Lo. cUm;. "0 wroX'/o'l". 0(1' va oo~oofJti" noe!>)

Nal. 11arpic:;. IJa .. ""OIJ" oou. O£ opvliw, TO )·AUKU.

Eoo tvl)o(CX;. Inyo.I'I ," 1:)'(0} ,,"on Op~EI 1.,,)MOKpl.lvaiou,E,UIlVII,;ovAvoyvWoIJOTOp,Ov I)IOTr!v,·I90S-1910j.

H rno TpOVr, j.!OhlO'TO OnoiSel~1l tplhOnorpiuc ClI.tppO~ETOI IlE TO rue cxocto OEiYtJo opvncnc TIlC: OTOj.!III.OTIlTm;: a 80VOTOe; v.c TIlV rmrptoo OU1l80hi~El KOTW one OUT6 TO nctccc. TOOO rnv mcrn OE eve Ut!JllhO 160VIKO 600 ItOI rqv npcrcpcncrqru nou OIVCTCI ere OUMOYlKO OUlJtptpov ce eccoc TOU OTOIJIItOU. H nccocccc TT]e; ~w;;e; ouvuonouevq tJC Til YEVVOl6TIlTO ere neolo Tile; lJomc:, TIlV oOloq.opio unpocrrc O"TOV Kivouvo, TIlV vncpoomen Tile; narpiooe;. E~aipcTol 1t01 npconorerrur. 6X( IJClVOV vier! onOTEAEi ElJnpaKTIl an66CI~1l ayoTTl']e; npoc rnv nrrtpicc. ohM «n VlOTi 11 IJCIJOVWIJEVIl npo~1l 8uo[0e; TaU K09E OTpaTlWTIl 8CWPEiTOI K080p(O'T!Kt; vrc TIlV TlI.H; Tile; ncrptzcc KOI 'lila TIlV ernTCUE,1l TOU KOlVOU (OUMOYIKOU) 011.0- nou. KOTW orro OUTO TO OKEmll(O a 80VOTOe; CE,IOOVII(EUCTOI: OOIlYEi O'TT]v cecvccro. OlIlV nOVTOTIVt; OVOtJvllUTl

TaU VEI(POU

AOlJiiTJOW

noaov y.\UK'_;~ 0 liavolV~ Imo fPXUW alw 110,1,

w,· OavOTO" ') 10" 11O~~pOV 111-'1j,m·"Xouvo,IOI.

fl. Kupo~.I'Ivo" /K. Mapoulilj, E~'\'1wKoV ,.o,vO)'VWOIJorOp1o" 6'01'1"( 1895).

2. KOlvo nap£A,6ov

MnopoUIJC xomov ouvormse va rrouI-'C on orov npoo610pI01-'0 tile; iv'101m; -ncrctec- IJtow lOU E150q.OUe;, KaBoplOTIKO POAO nai~EI '1 cruvEXt;e; nvotpopc OlO nopcA86v. cmv (OlOPlKt; nccceccn. Me ourqv OiPETOI TO rteptoptoruco TWV Enior1lJwv yEWYPO-

I.pIKWV opiwv Kalil EMIlVlKOTf)TO TOU eccoouc. on06COClVI-'tVIl iSlO IJEOOU TIl~ rcroctcc. ylVElOI a I(QTE~OXt;V coeiucneoc ncccvcvrcc aTOV npco- 1510PlO'IJ0 lWV Ouvopwv, ME cum trtv OIOOIKooio 11 cvo.o TOU IO"TOplmU ypovou, nou ClCOYC10lIJE mv cvncoco 01"0 eOOI.pOe; KOI rnv 1(0IVl'lIOlOpio, I(O(v6 nopEA86v KO( KO(vrj YhWoOO, A£ITOUpyEi EVOnOlf)TlKO 11.01 EE,EAlKTlKO. ME 0'\'\0 A6YlO TO ncccxaov. TO nopov 1(01 TO I-'t.lJo.ov 15EV etvcr OVEE,opTIlT!:e; XpOviKte; neptozor, oMo I.pUOlKt; o'\'\IlAouXio n urc Tile; liMlll:;, ).IC onOTEACclJa 11 IOTOPlK!') OVOOPOIJt; vo crvc. 11 1J£8060e; cKEivll nou vourtJOnOIEi E15Q(jHKte; iSlEK15IKr]OW:; 11.01 O'UyKP01Ci TIlI-'OPq.t; TWV E8vlKWV 0(TIll101WV rooc O'TO nocexaov 600 11.01 01"0 nccov.

KOTW cnc aUTO. TO nplcuc 11 ncoczoen. TO lCTOPll(O ncccaaov 15EV 8EWcerro. we; onllt; KOTaypOI+lt; 1(01 nocouorccn neocouevcv oUIJ66vTWV. Avri8ETO unoypal-'I-'i~ouv TTl cnuoclc nou TO OUYKEKpllJtva Y£YOV6TO Kalal 10TOplK£e; nccrcec, cnOKTOUV KOTW one TIC: emrcvec TaU rtopovroc 1(01 TOU j1eAAOVTOe;.

H napoooCl1l erot vtvercr tva KEVTPI- 11.0 OUIJ60AO: peen cnc QUTt;V TO con- 11.0 KpOTOe; OOlJci TO ncocxsov TaU. OTOlXCI08Elci rnv nOhITIK!') 1t01 OUIJ- 80A(KI') OUTOVOlJiO TaU. TEI(I-'IlPIWVEI TIlV onOKAEIO'TIKt; TOU TOUTOTT]TO KOI TEAOe; OIKOIOAOyt:i TO IJtMov TaU. To ncoexeov trCI liSEOAoYIKonolEiTol ocv OUAAOyIKt; KAIlPOVOI-'IO KOI npo- 610YPOI+IC( TO I-'tMov nou IOeoAOYI«cnorcrroi OOV OUMOVIKO nenocoue'10.6 H OVOOPOl-'tl tTOI 010 ncoexaov EflITUYXOVCI Tf)V OAUOWOI'] lWV yEyOV6TWV, Til OIOOOXt; TWV nEplOOWV I-'C onoTtACOIJO vc BEOIJ08ETEiTOl 11 (OTOPIKt1 OUVtXEIO ueoa OlO Xp6vo KOI IJC 6001'] autr'j vn KOTOOTpOTT]yciTOI Kalil ncpelc npoc TO IJtMov.' To j.leMov. 10000piKO 1101 C9VlKO. 011.10- YPOI+ICiTOI £TOI we; oE,lonOll'jO'lj.loc; xp6voe; K08we; eev CKtpp6.~EI rrcpc Tf)V nEnoiBIlOIl rrmv CE,CAlI(TlKt; KOI 6eAnWTlKt; OUVOIJIKt; TaU nopovroc. I:UlJtpWVO ).IE 600 npocvoeeperjscv 80 cE,eroow OTf) OUVtXElO TIe; crocrcoetc nou 10 -xorvc ncoexaov- noteVEl OA"O KOI ne; KOIVWVll(te; OVOYKOlOrrrtec nou E~unIlPCTCi. O"TO AvayvwOTIKO BIBMo. on6 to T£AIl TaU 190U twe; 'nc ncerec O5EKOCTice; TOU 200u OIWVO.

I:TO ncplEXOIJCvO TWV AVOyvWOTIKWV TO noceaaov OIOlpciTOl 01"1e; EE,t;e; IOTOplltte; nEp(005oUe;: rqv Apxoio EAA0050. TO Bu~6vTla, TTlV TOUpKOKpOrto. TIlV cnOVOOlOOT] TaU lB21 «crreAO~ TIlV EhEu8EPll Nto EMMo, H KOae pte ana coree onOTCAEi q.UOIKt; OUVtXCIO Tile; nccnvccuevnc. K08wc; £VOWIJOTWVCI T600 TO YEWypOq.IKO opm Tile; nponvoupevnc 000 KOI mv

BI13AiON nee ~;'!,P;'~:-;',r~~: ~n~A·~I.

II." l,..T ' .. ".'-",. ~ o~. (~0r~!,~T"J llrN.

T I-t N A 0 rll PIli :ilTIItI-fN.

K~n~~~:~i~1~1~£¥~;~¥f::'~~'

MANO'l'H'A r.'\"J'1.!lNI'01' TOT'" ['It XrOT.

N,.,I "'......., ....... ;. ......... ~.!~ .... r£et"oY u"n.Nr"UH r. 'u~~n'~~

B,6Mow np6xt'pOV ToiC; noo, ntp,txowniv T£ IlpO~T"""V. Ii 1'0..v..OV tin[iv Ti)V AoyoPIOOTIMi)V. 1765 (A9i)wo. rtvvo6&JoC; 9,· 6A,06i)MIl)·

nOAlTlOTIKt; KAIlPOVOtJlO tJC OTOXO VO TO IJtT081BOO£1 we; tXOUV t; 6CATlWIJ,£va OTf)V Ol-'towe; cnouevn. H OUVEVWTlKr'j curq Ol0051Kooio sev 610KOntETal OKOI-'Il KOl 6TOV npOI(EITOl vm IO'tOPIKt; ncofczc mWOTle; Ital nopeKIJ,t;e;: 11 TOUPI(OKPOTio. YIO nopa15clY- 110. OIOTIlPEi O"TO OKEPQ(O aXI IJOVOV TO nOAlTlO1"lK6 KAIlPo66TIl~O TaU Bu(cvrtou KO! TTlV EOOl.ptKt; TOU KUPIOPXio oMo TO nopooi15El OlIlV EAEUSEpwlJCVIl EMMo we; KiVf)TPO nepcnepw OpOOIle;.

Mt:: Oq.ETIlPio xcmcv Tf)V !:nOXt; Tile; oPxoioe; EMo15oe; 80 EnlXElPt;OW '10 cvrontcc TO npoc~eXOVTO cnuetc KOac 10000p(Kr'je; m;Pl050u KOI TIC: 010- OTaCCIC: nou npooxcueevcov, T600 OtO nccov 600 KOt OTO tJ£AAOV. ME tnv CVOWIJ,OTWOI'] OlO oVOYVW01"IKO KEIlJeVWV YlO mv opxoio EMooo. 01

r ----,AAc[>ABI-ITAPJON

,\1 I I, I' 0 ~l

AA.po8f)10p,O. B,nv'l1820(A8'lvO,rCV"Q' i5c,o~ BISJ.,olli)'Ul)

~u"po[ , . .108I1T£<: npQatyy[~ouv TOU<; ~aKpIVOUC; rrpovovouc TOUe; OIOIJEOOU TOU K01VCU cvcucrcc KOI TTl<:

KOIY1')e; vxccccc. yvwpi~ouv -rouc 51')l .. ncupvouc TOU apxoiou no1..lTlOTIK00 I-ItyaA£iou, TOUe; nocec TUIV eepuonuAwv Kat TOU Mopa8wva Kat TE'\O(;. HIV npoOWnIKOTT]TO KOI IT'16p601'] TOU M, AAef;6.vopou, To BtlJOTO cure vtvcvrcr KQl Ol KUPIO, 6~ovtc; 9twPIlone TaU opxaiou 1(001-i0U Ko8wC; unoVpolJ1J1~ouv T600 TO nOAITIOTll(O 600 KOI TO !lPWIKO OTolxeio, I-It roono nou «cvcvc on6 TO ecc vc npo66Mtl we; VtKPI') OVOI1VI101']. AVTi6CTQ. TO IlPWI- 1<6 KOTOp8wlloTO KQl TO nOhlTlCTILKO Il£yo,\t:io eivat IJVTH.ltC; ~WVTOvtC;. "'''T1povo!..IlG nou 6apaiv£1 TO ncpcv Kat cncrrer vo /5lorpuf..ox8ei IIOToMf]lie, 6Xl w~ vomcllyl'l.., CVO!-lVIlO1l CAM we; K(VIlTPO vm m:pOITtpw 6poOT).

AVIO!) 1"";\I\lOU10U 0toA6vou)

EivQI Il o(yllll, ercr. TaU nopcA96vTOe; CKC!vIl nou KoBIOTO unccecvcuc TOUe; cncvovocc TWV opxoiwv EMI')VWV KOI TOUe; «oxet vc OVTIIJCTWnieOUV TO nopCh80v TOUe; CVCPYIlTIKO

To EAJ..,VIKc)V 'Ellvo~

,,/./ apxoio nwxrj. ro [.UI)VIKOV favo<; t<p 800(KOf() 'f)\lOpXllIavrnoxrivw;u</J'010V 600I'0v 6i>l.ri~, 'oxum; KOI "OA,TI0I'0U, 16,W<; 'v A8ljvalS" Kal r'''lf''f), ,,,,brruu: 0- l'(yo"WI) TOS TEXVUS" Kal 10<; lmwrjJ'0S" Ko/ a;alOA/TID£ Tf)" avOpum61f)IO o,V)"v. O<rrc 0),0 .. ° ~()fJpo" £fJauJ'a(£Kal fJoUJ'0UI ooro KOI "(IV ~O/ CI<; roue; OlW"O .....

le.N. AtroOro,'I6110U,\O(J, v,,1f)VlKOV A,'o yvu)0J'0nip'ov 6,o T'l'" II 1901·/906 '0' 19"1.·18)

H A8rivo KOl Il Im'lpTIl yiVOVTOI 01 noIIele; ccccnuc. eKeivee; nou 6ivouv TO npWTO 6eiYIJoTQ Ij)IAonOTpioe;: T) evenil TWV A81lvoiwv Ylo TT)V no}o.Il TOUe; 6nwe; eE,loovlKC0cTOl I.IC rnv npoow- 11IKOTT)TO TaU AplOTei61l (Buoio TWV OTOIJIKWV <pIA060E,IWV YIO Xo.Pll Tile; naTpi6oe;). n OTPOTlWTlKri nelBopxia Tile; InopTIl~ KOI Il unepoOJ1IOT) Tile; nO}o.Ile; one TOUe; OTpOTIWTee: Tile: j..ItXPI BOVOTOU (~O A£wvii5oe; KOI 01 300». uH 1J0Xl1 TWV 0eplJonu'\wv,,) T) qllllonoTp(a me; Irmcndncccq j..IOvae; <ere optc Tile; oKIIIlPOTIlTOe;nou eev ecnvet TO OKOTWj..Itvo naloi rrjc, oAlla TO 6elllo, cnorexocv OVOI.jJOptc; nou Be!-lCAIWVOUV cno TTjV cnoxri TaU opxoiou pevcxetcc. TTj tplxortcrplc we; TIlV KaT' cE,oxriv cAIIT)VIKTi cccm. neo.coorecc cno olio TO O'\hO 610KplTlKa yvWpiOIJOTO ncu Q"TOOIOKO on06(60vTOI rrmv £MllvIK'; tpu,\.,. peoo one TO OVOYVWOTIKO ('\1- T6TI1TO, evapcrerc. tpl'\oE,cvlo. Tl!-l16- Tr)TO K'\n.) 11 ccem H)e; tpl'\onOTploe; nopau0l6(eTOl aPPIlKTO Oej..ltvll ue TOUe; 'EM'1vee; oveE,oPTT\TO an6 rcroPIK., nectczc. rive Tal TO KaT' E:E,oX!')V eVWI101'111KO XOpaKT'1PIOlIKO OVOIJE' 00 010 nope'\Bov. TO ncpov KOI TO !-ItMOv.

AI apnai T"~ EAA.,vllu'jC; lIIuAIic;. .AU'f)opnrj,'16,OKP'VOuoo lovt.uf)VI~O\' ~f.lC>v u"ip 110v,oa'\.Iov, (IV. 'I !pliluIIOlP'(J.. o filil'7vtX!1 "0/10 sco .10'111)<;'1"'\0"0 Tpio<;'oymraKollf)vI6,0I'"0Ip,aOKOITf)V ~o"'f)v, ~al T'IV "Oil,V, If)I' ~w,",o"QAIV 'I 1<) XWpIOV, o"oo,,&m'PUX;, KOI.oiOvo<;_' 1M. Io.·£A,\opo"ou'\ou, X. I(UP'OKO'oa, £,. PooOQo"ou'\ou, £,\,I'I"'KO\l AVOI'vWUJ'010- P,QV[ 1918-19)

Av611oyec; XpOVIKte; 6100uvotoele; KOI oh'\'1'\aUXiEC; EUVOEI " ncoouctc. '1 6pOOT) oAlla KUp(We; '1 MOKe6avIK!') KOTOYWYI') TaU M_ AhE~o.vOpau. H 010- 600T) HIe; eMT)VIKTie; Yhwaooe; KOI T) eE,6n'\wOTj TaU eM"vIKau ncxrnouou OUVUIj)OO).ltVO).lE TTl 6poOT) lOU. rovt~ouv crmv eucre TOV eKno'\mOl.lo KOI YIO TI1V oKpiBelO rev £~EAIII']VIO!-l6 TWV eccecccv. 01 KOTOKTI']TIKEe; cror Cl1!xeIPriOE:lI':; TaU M. Ahe~6v6pou, CKTOe; on6 TI'] yewypotplKt; OleupuvOT)

TWV CMI1VIKWV eeceev. onwe; ourec napouou::i(OVTQl cno TO AvoyvwcrnKO, ccvrcrvouv OTT] OUvelOI1TanoiT)OT) TI']e; 610qlOpeTlKrie; TaUTOTI1TOe; TaU "'E'\'\l']vo,, KOI TOU "IJI'] 'EAIII']VOM. XWpic; 11 y'\waoo KOI TO ovouc vc cnorexouv TO lJaV06lKO 610XWPIQ"TIKO KOITl')pla, To 600 OKPO 'EM'1vOe; - BcpBapoe; necrsxetcuv tva tp6:a!-lo BETI' KWV Kal OpV'1TIKWV 610KPlTlKWV yvwPIOIJOTWV OVTiOTOlXO, TO cnoic KOI xopo~auv 1<.01 TIe; I.lCTo~0 TOUe; OIOXw-pICfTIKte; ypo).l).lte;

o Mtyac;AAtl;avlipoc;

.oll." B~nl£Tc, 'pi~ol, OTi 01 fJ£v 8ap80pol, ovn<; 1'0,\UoKoi Ko.l civov6pOI, WK';).W<; VI' K!iWTOI. £vw f)p£i<; 01 Hilf)v£'<;, KO'1I0(OVT(~ Ko/ OK}.I)PO)'WYOUl'tVOI, "QQ' I)ptpo.v VI~W I'!V aulOo<;: .<1(\' £v8upuof1( "Ooov yAu~oe; pna 'OV ~O"OV £IVOI 0 UlTVos; eev OUYKPIV£' T£ lOV tA.\qvo pc .ov AOIavov, O/lWl) /1(10- 8'1.£,071 f) ,",01 'pU<pf) £"'OIOOU'\IK(;)10'0\l_ 0 & K,moSBOQlA,KW1O'0<;;'

.f'Xl lii~olOv 0 I'lyo~ AA£Covlipoe; W) 0' 'l'poVll'mouTQiAoyollOu'lliuvovWKOI0f)pcp""' va ow'ppoviowoi TlVOe;, oim'£<;, ,\f)' 0jJovoul'ne;w<; IlpO)'OVI~Ij<; ap"ci~. aOtTO~OV'OI '0 AOlovo U.OITWpOlO, w<; 1')1' OKVf)pIOV, ''Iv I'OilIk>Kof'l'a. "1" "oilu.i Anav. ''IV[J''(PO'lJII;rv, Ko/ wvcj'Wl0I'0v_,,, 1M. (>WII), £U'I\'II<OV AI'OYVUJOpOWP'ov 010 1')1'.<11914)

H eMl']vlKt; TQUTOTI")TO api(eTOI ertn peoc crto rnv OPV'1OT) I') on6pPIllJI") XOPOKTT)PIOlIKWV ~tvUJv npoc OUT", 0510- olKaoio 1610iTEPO O1li-l0VTIKri TO 190 creve, cnou 0 nOhITiOTIK6e; nccce.co.cucc TaU KOIVWVIKOU OWj.lOToc; unoTE'\ei BOOlK!') npounoacon vm rqv ovaywyri TaU O£ OUTOT£ATi noMnKI') OVTOTT\TO.8

Tcxoc. 11 OVOOpOIJ!') TWV OVOYVWOTIKWV OTO Xp6Vl0 TOU M. A'\£~6vopou vtvercr 10ioiTEPO EniKoIPIl Q"TOV 200 cucvc. cnaxl') nou oj..lqlla6l")TE:iTal '1 eMl")vIK6T'1TO TTle; Mcseoovrcc. H 1.10- K£6avIK!') KaTaywyl') TaU M. MeE,ovOpou KOl Il £MI")VIK!') Tau TQUTOTT\TO rtoooeepovrcr we; OKAOVI")TO emXelPrilJOTO KOt IJOVOOIKte; olaotpo,\icere npoxerpevcu va unaoTTlPIx8e( 11 eA'\llvIK" ouvtxetO TaU MaK£OOVIKOlJ eOOlj)aue; KOI VO Ko'\u~BeJ IOeo'\0Y1KO o MOK£OaV\K6e; Aywyoe;. To ncpex- 80y KOTW ana cure TO notcuc. KOTaE,IWVCI TT)V EOOtpIKr; TOUTOTI1Ta. yiv£Tal Il eyyu!']OT) TTle; 6100axl')c; KOI TIle; ouvtxeIOe;. xwp(C; vc snrrpenet q TOU' '\0XICfTOV vc OIKOIO'\oy£i TI'] l.Ieoa'\o, 611011 oUl.l66vTWY IKOVWV vc OJ1aOOUV TIlV oAuo(6a. H 01061Kooio OUTTi OEV XOpOKTl1pl~£1 !-I6VO T'1 MaKei5ovio. oM6: nEp\Oxte; onwe; '1 'Hncrooc. '1 MIKPO Aoio KOI cxxec.

TIQVI'jKtl EI"TO EU'lVIKOVthCX;.

.• .1ou,lf) £ival CIOtTI f) HII£IPoc;, f) 0"0 IWV OPXOIQTOfWV Xpovw~ (ililf)VlKIj miff) xwpo. cv If)olloio u"IjPX( wl'ovrciav 'f)e; llwliwVlI<;. lv 1u/V Sp'lo~",m~("v ~t.vrpwv IWV ['\~rjHI/V, f) H"EIPO<;, ')"<; rropipLlvcv (~"'7V1.·'7U"<i1f)Vpwl'0iKI}"KOfci~ff)OIV, 6,(,

H Bu~ovnvti OUTOKPOTOpio, ern OUVeX£lo, ncpcuorctarcr oro ouvcxo mc xwpiC; rc QVOYVWOTIKO 816A.io vc KOTOI.p£UyOUV YlO rnv KO'\UT£Pfl npooeyyloti rue o-m ~wti KOI Tfl OpOofl ueuovtouevccv rtpocdnuov, TOKTlKti nou OlOKpivEI rqv IOTOPlKti OVOOpOiJJi O"TI<; unoxomec nEpIOOOUe;. Oe; unorcxeouc. TO Bu~ov-rIO np066,\'\£l oupnovcc. xwplc; £~6pow:; <pl'\onoterce KO! f]pw"ioiJOue;.9 AKOl-ifl KOI OTOV noA.el-ll1';6 oUl-l66vTO IJ.VIlI-I0- veuovvcr. KOI aura vivercu ef;Olp<:TIKO cncvrc. a m6xoe; TOUe; OEV sivru vn nupuccrvunrtoouv. AVTi9Ero, J1 Bu~OVT!VJi OUTOKPOTOpio epX£Tol uecc uno TO ncccxaov va £f;UTTllPETJiael 6'\'\oue; oxonouc: oprofie tei TO vcwYPQ(PlKcl ouvopc TOU EMJ1Vlol-IoU, KOTOXUPWVOVTOe; nopaMJ1'\Q TIlV EMJ1- VIKOHITO Tile; M. Actcc. olaTunwvEl vrc npccrn coon TJ1V oA.'\I1A.el;apTTlOJ1 eevcoc ern op9000f;ioe; KOl <ppovTi<EI va HI aeopoacrnoer, K08we; Il e~on'\WOJ1 TOU eA.'\IlVlKOli nO'\lTIOI-iOU OEV cvotpspertn I-IOVO OTr) OIOOOOT) Tr)e; eMr)VIKJie; y,\woO'oe; oMo Kot mil 010- OOOT] me opeoi'5ol;ioe;. To I-IEyOA.Eio TaU Butovnou elver OUVIOTOiJtvll H1e; 8pl10KeuTIKrie; KUPlOpxioe; KOI TIle; no,\ITlKfJe; KOI nO'\ITIQTIKrie; loxOae;_ Me Tf]V rcnrnon rnc 8PJ1aKEioe; KOI TOU cavouc one TWPO KOI ere el;fte; 0\ r Bvtxol OTOXol 80 txouv nOVTOTe rnv £nIK6'\u~1l Tr)e; op8000f;ioe;: Il ovcoclc o-ro nezto TI1e; I-I0XIle;. oK61-11l KOI 0 80VOTOe; cnoaxenoov OTIlV unepdoruoq KOI Olol.pu'\ol;ll T600 TWV EOO<plKWV opiwv 000 KOI Tr)e; BpJ1- oKeuTIKri<; niOTI1<;, 6nwe; fl I.pp60T) «urtep nrcreoc KOI nOTpioae;" EVvoet."

ToUTOXPOVo 11 616XUOT) HIe; BPIlOKEio<; OTOV e'\'\llvlaI-l6 KOI OVTiOTpo<po rtpootpepet eve enmxeov enOlxeio nou i'5l0<poponOIEi TOV 'EMr)vo ana TOV Ilfl 'EMIlVO, TO 60p60po. Enoe; an6 TT) y'\wooo KOl,O 6Mo OIOKPITlKO yvWpiOIJ.OTO nou onooiooVTOI oe KoBE xuc. onw<; ftcll cvc-peperjxc, rtpoxeurevou va cvnncocexnaouv I-Ie OUTO TOU EMflVlKOU xcou. II EVOW--ll6TwOT) rnc BplloKeioe; OTOV KoTO'\Oyo TWV YVWPIOI-IOTWV nou urtccmct~OUV TO iSloxwplO'I-l0 KOI nop61V.IlAO olOIlOPI.pWVOUV TI1V ~exwplmri EMIlVIKri ToUTOTIlTo, tpxeTQl vo noil;E:1 KOBOPIOTIKO ccxo. 0 1-111 'E'\'\Ilvae;, tTOI, o 6op60poe; npo0610pi~e,01 tccc we; omoroc. 01 TOUpKOI, o' 0,\1'] TTl OIOPxetu Tile; TOUPKOK"POTioe: cvoceocvTal we; orne-rot. Ko8we: II uvctc KOlI-IOvo TOU epIlOKEUtJoToe; TOUe; elVOI unspopxern vro vn TOUe; oIOXWPIOE(

rtcpopotc neplypo<pJi Tr)e; KoBIlIJ.EPIVOTT)TOe; ouvcnovero. cuecsc Emrrnooe«; Via TO ncpcv. Koewe; ruqpcTO TOU E'\'\IlVl0IJ.0U El;oKO'\ouBouv va EivOI un600u)..,0 OTOUe; TOUpKOUe; KOI 11 one'\eu8tpwoi] TOUe; cncrexet TOV nupnvc Tile; MeyQAIle: IMoe;, TO KeiIJ.Evc eUVDOUV «cnoro nopo,\,\Il,\IOIJ.6. 01 nAIlPotpopiee; VlO TO nop£M6v tIJ.IJ.E- 00 tXOUV Til OOVOlJ.fl vo cne crcrvovTOI OTO ncpcv KOt VO OKIOYPOI.pOUv Tie; nopoucec 6OXlll-lee: OuvBr,Kee; 010- 61wOlle; ,WV un6i'iou'\wv E,\,\Jivwv. KO'\'\lepyeiTOI ercr 11 Ov6yKI1 MTPWaile; oocov uncoepouv KOI oncanxneTal tva oia8f]lJ.o EKOiKIlOT]e;, TO onoro vOEiTOI uovc OE oxtOT] 1lE: ToV cvcvo EnOVQKTIlOlle; TWV e'\'\llvlKWV Eool.pWV KOI unexeueepcoonc TWV KOTOiKWV TOUe;

AvoB1WVOVTOe; IJ.' 6,\'\0 MYlO Til tppl-

TO KIl KOI TIlV OOUVfl TaU nopE,\90VTOe;, TO KEtj.lEVO eupecc nopeyouv n'\IlPOI.popi£e; vrc 'nc rrcooccec ouvaneec olo8iwOT)e; TWV O'\UTPWTWV EMJivwv

Arro Til OTIYlJ.ft nou 11 eMIlVIK"OTI1TO H ay6nll vm TI1V ncrctcc, crucc

ei'50c:plKwV neploxwv KOI TWV KOTOLKWV EKl.pp6~eTOI I-Ie TI1V e'\nico TaU l;EOT]KWtJ0U KOI TOV nceo TIle; EMuBepioe; cuvae rouv 1.110 O,).,}"fl ovcvrtoonrn nTUxri TTle; npOVj.lOTIKOTflTOe; KOTa Tfl OlopKelO Tile; i'5ou'\Eioe; IJ.E OT]IJ.OVTIKte; 0I.lWe; rtpoexrccerc ere nupov 01 KM<pTEe; em 01 OPI-IOTw'\oi, TO LOU'\l KOI 01 LOU'\IWTee;, 0 AOlJ.npoe; T~06t'\oe; KOI 0 Pl'Iyoe; ococtoc yiVOVTDI TO KDT' el;axtiv OUiJBo'\o exeuecotcc KOI

crro TOUe; ·E,\AllvEe;. H apnocetc IJ.ETorcensrur OE eve OT]]..IoVTIKO OUOTOTlKO Tile; E'\}"IlV(Kf)e; TOUTOTT)Toe;."

H neploccc Tile; Bu~ovTlvfte; AUTaKPOTOpioe;, rexoc. npootpeper O'U1J.60- '\0 KOI 8pul>.oue; nau 80 010TIlPl180uv O'\o~wvTavol 0XI povcv ueoc UTIlV TOUPKOKPOTio 0'\A.6 Kat eo KOeOOflyouv TOUe; OTOXOUe; Kat TIe; rtpocooKiee: Tile: OUYXPOVIle; E,\Mooe;: .. 0 No6e; Tile; Ayioe; LO'-.piae;". ,,0 TOI.pOe; TOU no'\OIoMyou-", .. H Bou6ri KOJ.m6- va". "H KWVOTOVT!VoUno,\[e; ..... To ~OPOKIQ Tile; ZwoMxou nl1yrie;", .. 0 popucoepevoc Bom'\I0C;", covacTOUV ro ICEo'\0YIKO vnceoeco nou EI1lTptnEI tnv Ena,\ftgeuOT) TWV Bpu'\wv, uncvccecet Til op60T) vrc mv ennvuxrnon TWV XOJ.ltvwv oUl-I66,\wv !J.EV ctvur KOTO cuvcncrc Tuxaio TO vevovcc; on eve OMK'\IlPI1 Il Buzcvrtvf moxri np066Mei cnpocrorm. IJ.Ovo TO TE'\Oe: TT]e; OUYKeKpljJEvanOlE!TOI KOI TOUTi~eTQl j1E tva 6TOllO, TOV no'\0I01>.6yo 1'(01 tJIO nO'\11 TI1V KWVOTOVTlvoUnoJ..n.

LUiJl.pWVO ue TO e efuevo TWV AvovvwQT(KWV, TO oU1J.6o'\0 aUTO lJ.o~i I-IE TJ1 y'\wooo Kol rrl 8PIl0l'(eio OIOTIlPOUV rll OloXWPIOTIKr') ypaJ.lllti OVOtJEoO OTOUe; 'EMf]vee; KOl TOUe; TOUPKOUC:, KPOTOUV ~WVTOVI'] Tf] IJ.vrillll YIO TO Xouevc EOO!Pll KOI Ka'\'\IEpyOUV rtocooaKiEe; YlO TIlV EnovoKrll01'] TOUe; npooooKiEe; nou KaT' opxJiv EK<ppO' ~OVTOI]..le TIlV ertcvucrcoq rou 1821 KOI rtou aTll ouvtXElO cuvesroov TO OPOI-IO Tile; vtoe; I-IEy6.i\Ile; Ei\'\OOoe;.

TOUe; TeKIJ.IlPIWVETO( IOTOPIKO, OIIJ.EV 9EWPOUVTOI ootctoerc TlJ.ril-iOTo TaU yewyp0I.pIKO npooi5lop(~6I-1evou EA.'\IlVIKOU KpOTOUe;, or ec KOTOIKOI El;o· 1J.00WVOVTOl I-Ie 'OUTOUe; nle; E,\EuBepr)e; EMocoe;, Oc: cnorexcopc, uvrtKOUV OTIlV [010 l-Iey6A.Il OIKOytV£IO, crval -rexvc TIle; OUTtie; norpfocc tJE Til 6lol.pop6 an cev txouv OKOIJ.I1 cncn-

V6l;EI TOV TOUPKIKO ~uyo. ME curec Tie; aecerc Srcuopqxoverct 11 10EO'\0- vlc TaU O'\UTPWTl0I-I0U Kol urtcvooeucrc, II KOTO,\,\f],\r) OpaOll nau Be OCr)yriOEI mil J..UTPWOT]. Mtoa ana HIV lOTOPIKri oVOOP0lJ.ri TO iSil'(OIO cvoc rtopouorcu ovevc np06o'\'\el 0i'510tpl'\oviKIlTO.

H K6A.Uljlll Tile; TOUpKOKpOTioe; cno TO AvayvwOTIK6 nopouolo~el l;exwplOTo EVi'510cptpOV. VloTi ueoc 0'10 yevlK6 noxmsc K'\ilJ.o 010 Tt'\ll TaU 190U KOI 0PXWV TaU 200u cuovc un096'\nEI oIQO'uvi5toele; I-Ie etiJOTD ncu sotOKQVTOI 010 cnucevrpo TT)e; loeo'\0YIKrie; 1'(01 KOIVWVIKJie; EI1lKolpOTIlTOe; Tfle; EnOXJ1e:

H ncccrn rtxnpotpopju vru TIlV nepto- 00 Tile: ToUPKOKpOTioe; cvctpepcrcn OTf]V n010TIlTQ ~wfte; TWV unooou'\wv EMrivwv. Eow Tovi~OVTQl 01 OUQTUxiee; KOI 01 ronervcce«; TWV OKA06wv ana TOV KOToKTIlTI']

ov05pElo~ TOU cnozcoxco xcoc. H 05POOll KOI TI lo£o'\oyio TOU~ OIOXtOVrcr «n cvnnpooconeuouv Tll ~OTC.HJTI» OMK1-.TlPOU TaU EMI1VIOIJOU, Ko8<iK; Surrpnvdivouv ccerec 6nttX; TI ovopeio, 11 cpvnoq TI1~ unOTOyT)~ crov KOTOKTllTl'], 11 t::mAO'lT) TOU acvcTOU ana mv OKAOBIO Kal Tti\O~, mv oK1-.6vT']TI1 niOTT'] cc IJIO l05to KOI TOV aywvo ylo TI1V £~onAW01i Tll~. Eivot ecveco o-novo)..oYll ncpcuo.con TWV EMr')vwv Tll~ TOupKoKpaTia~ 05lalJtOOU TWV T']pWWv TT']~ necrozco emrpenn oIOOUVi5tOt::I~ IJt TO nopov K08W<:; cr l']PWE~ uetcrperrovrm OE OUI1BoAO 1Jt:: OlaXPovIKr'j erncccn 110U napaOtlYl-loTi~ouv oMo KOI KaBoo/Wouv nooc TT']V t::V05EOElYl-ltVT'] IJEMoVT!KI'j 110plpri OpOaTj<;.

TI KOIlv£IOP!iY0C;XOPIV fr'1<;naTpiOoc;.

Am "0j11&'1 0 60~p!}I"V On,,'1'>, 011 fa j10pjJopWO,\u\'1 IOU Pr,ya~I\tOuVTOI~o,,\i_ youo' PlP()~ 10u<;- vt(!u~; dl)l' j1C)'oAl)v "01 1I,100JOI1UWTI)I' ~,ll)povoJIj(1\' am; ,,·o,cXr.I" 'oup,:o~ OWl''!! nml;l IU~ jJcra,I[J"p(J~ ~(OPU~ ''1<;- wpO/a<~ jJu<; Il<npI60<;. Brw"'_"Il.tJ U'OIO}JJ1UpIO 0,10 o6r.,\opull' om;! napa· o~U!oo0'1n "0 ,laO, >L 'I)" bol.o,· JJOu. 0 1,lu~ultpo( fUJI' OOI'OI,,)V tH'C 0 u,np no IplooC;_.

(/. /-.uVllwp'1, r. "o.lope, !. >'OOlWfOU, I K0'P/Vjwluu IWI In. LloUKol<'1. £1.\'1'·I~OV AI'(r)'vIAlOj1owp,ovIT 1!J!u·I~I.jJ

TtAo<; Il ovorm '110 rnv rtcrotoc KOI TT']V EM:u8epia, OtOer'JI-IOlO evrcvc CTrT']v necrozc TTI<; TOUPKOKPOTiOt;, UnOOIlAwvOUv OKOI-ITI on 11 olaxwpIOTIKTi YPOI1J-lri OVOl-leOO OTOUt; uno- 05oUAou<; KOi TOV KOTOKTT']TTi ouoeno. rc e~oo9tvIOe. 0 OIOXWPI0J-l0t; -euetc- Kalal «OMOI" <510TT']PrieT']Ke 6nwC; convouv vc CVVOll9ci TO KeiJ-.lf:vc TWv OVOYVWOTIKWV. ue cnorexs- 0110 01 -EMIlVE<; J-ltow TIl<; YAwooo<; KOl Tilt: ePIlOKEiae; vn npOOTOTtUoouv rnv TOUTOTTlTO TOUC;_ LTI1V ncocnneetc cum ueuovcrpevo aTO- 110 npWTOOTQTf]OOV c)"M TO BenKO onOTtA£OIJO TWV evccve.ev TOUt; ocoee CAov TOV unozouxo EA/l.T']VlOJ-.lO

01 lI.(liao"oAoITOIJ rtvolJ':;- rl:vvCiIi(o<; K(I'O lou,>60pf.l'>>J)OI·OU~ ''1~liou.\cJO<; 10 10"1'0" <P/Xl"'1}JO 1<01 'I t·lu"uo '-'\"'< ('1<; ""01IVW10£U><; rrp; E.\.\06o~ {j'U'IfJt"O OJ<, (U.l"(i{010 nvp c'e; 10 0)0.1110. 01 lillioOl<o.\o, louiII'OV(. f}oujJomo,ovn<;,oujJEj'O'\UOU •. 0/ IWI' B'/)O[W~ XPOI'U'" If,,> ['\'\060<;, c~c "VWI' £/( rr.<, rpUl{Ilpo<; 'I!U~"(J" 'wI' I'CWV "1"OrO",)I' IIPO, 11/I'f),W(!Cp,ov KU' 101'" OU(MHO 'IJ<: IUPOI'I"O(.

T OIOu WI 6,500.;0,\01, fI~'1" 0.\'1"", 0PXOIO'" pW", on'1p[o-" 0 A6ollol'no.;- Kopolj<;. 0 Euycv-cc Bou.lropl)(. 0 ;l0/mpo, I/lOJ/loli'l(, (1 N(ol{lula<; lIou~o~, 0 KWV(lIOv"\tO~ OI~Ovopo<; 0 c[ OI':O''O}J''''', 0 0coo'l<; (J)uppmI6'1<: .. moA.IOIflQA.I()I_ 000l&1[ oUI(,",V awl' "ala 11)1' ("P'I~V "1<; ,novo· O")UHII~·. "PyooOlloal' Ufltp II)~CT"'UX/O<; c:wlIl~ ~Ol Iloioxov IOU oyw,·o<;:. EN "WI o\llipwv ruU·,WV. 'WI'OflOIWVI/Il"I/Il') 6'0 "ol'fO<;(1\'0I0[6oar'l"~"Ou<; E,\AIJI'o<;, fl·

"t "0' 0 fCwppo<; f(vv06,o<",

(AI. I'w'l), f'\'\'1"II<ovA"O)·"'.JIO}JClfOPIO,·/i(O II)V 1I 191~}.

H enaVOOTOaTj TaU 1821 elver r"J coeTI1P[O vm TT']V cvccuvspcmcn Tf]e; vecc E"1-.a<5o<;, TI apxri J-lIOC; OVOOtKTit; nccetcc nou ouvexi~t::TOI KOl nai~EI evecvo ocxc e-rn <5tOJ-lOPlpwOT) TOU nccovroc. Me TO '21 TO xcfuevc TWV AVOyVWOTIKWV U!loypal.iJ-li~ouv ocevee Tl1V tJ-lnpaKTIl oyonl1 TWV EMijVWV YlO TTlV ncrptoc TOUe; KOI otpeTEpou TTl OToOIOKri EnOvOKTI1OT) TWV EAAllvIKWV eoolpwv. nou 01' KOt OUyKpOTOUV TO cxeuaeoo KOI yewypotplKO npooolopt~oJ-levo KpOTOt;. oucrccnKO unevauuizouv rnv unop~1l TWV ntplOXwv exctvev nou nope TT]v IOTOPIKO onooeoelYl.itvll eMf]VIKOTllTO TOU<;. £~OKOAOueouv vc IJllv oneTt::1-.ouv yewypotplK6 TJ-lTiI.iO TOU Kp6- TOU<;. QC; cnorcxcouc, «cac cvccooc crnv cnOVQOTOOIl TaU '21 tXtl cpeon KOTOAll~1l OTO ncpov. KOeWe; np066.AACI TOUe; cvcxnxripcrrocc otOxout:

Tile; cnc TT'] 1-110 nlIt::up6 KOI nopOKlvei oe OpOOTl !lOU eo olKOlWoel 010 OUVO- 1-.6 TI1<; Tf]V OPXIKTi e~yepOTl ana TT']V 0""11.

1. J. Meynaud. nO>'<TI~E':; 6UVa)JE'~ OTIJv EAMoo.I964.00,_ 11

2 J. GilliS, Youth and Hlslory Tradition and Change in Europe Age Relalions, 1770 . Present. 1980. ~E<tl, 3

3, N. nou"ovll:.a~, To KpCtro~, n E~ouoio ~Ol c IOO(OAlO(JOt; 1984 oeA 152

4. r'rc TllOIWpu(JEvllyewYPO<tl1KOt':VVOlO TOU EMrjvloj.!ow 6>" O)(tTI~O e B£ptj.!1') (1983) -xccroc KO! 'e6vOt; O1(W EMOoo. 1821·1912~ mo 6_ rcccocn .• EMl")v,OJ-IO<;:

KOIEMI')VlKOTT]TO_

5. rio TI')V evvcm TOu ~OntTOAIOTIMOU xpovou KO(YIO TT] 0)(i:0ll ovCt).lCOO 010 tOO!l'oc; KOI tnv «rrcptc 6A. O)(HI~a N nOUIIOVT~a 11984) - To Kp<'not;, n E~auoio «m 0 1:00\0' I..lo,"6~" ~Q( K. rcoosoxc (1983): "nopcioo. O1)KOlE~ouYXpOV(0I-lo<;:MtpIK6rtVLKum:_ po EpWn;J-.l0m.omll TooouOI)-EMl"]VI- 01l0<;:~0IEMl)v!JIOTTJ10.otA 41

6 K ToouKoA!'i~. op C(1. otll 41

7 N. noullo\IT~6.:;. op_ en 01:>.. 158 8_6.ToaoUOll~,(£n.)EM"v'OIJO"KoIEMf1_ ~IKOTIlTO, 1983. oEIl. 21

9 H ovo<tlop6 ern BU~OVTIVI'] AUlO~paTOpia, OltuKp(vRnOl, e5w, OTI 6~v 6i:xno( nOTtTI)VIOEOlloY(K!i'<lOpT'OI)nOUr;'OKpi_ VEl H)~ rtcccncacc vc O,oouvOE6ci I") OUYXPOVT) EM61ia ue 1l)V APxolo np.v TOV ZOj.lntA(o 6Mware (1852) KO( TO~ ncnooPllyonoullo (I853J TO 8u~ovflO Ii(~ ececerlalon6TOu<;10T0pIKou<;nopCtj.lIOVcKpij IOTOPIKI'] nEpiooo

10. R. Miloband. The Slate In Capil~l;sl 50- crety, 1970.0E)... 188-189

II BA.O)(ET!KOK. Mooxw'<l (1972) .. H E6vI ~!iKaIKolvwvIKriOlJvcioT)Of\01TtvEI..M1'ia_

H 16&oAoy;0 Tau uercnpcnecu XwpOU. N I6opwvou (1982) -Avtl.AcK1o V£O&Mn"IKri<; .crccroc ~Ol IOTOpIOypa'<liOt;- ~al 8_ ¢li>.1U (1974)-1<0IvwvioKOlE~ouoioOlT]vEMooo - NOBoo01IKOnoil]OI) 1834-1860_

01 '<IWTOYPOIjlIE~ £IVOI ono TO 616Aio 11l~ A!JlpooiT'l~ KOUPLO:To nOIOiml") vto&M'lVl~ri TtXVf] 11833-1922) 'llSpu,"o Eptuvwv vrc ronOIISI, EK.llwowvl"]. 1985

. To IIl:yolluTtpoj.ltpo<; rco ocecco coroc npofpX&Tol ana 10 616)..10 rnc II MOKPU' "IWTn H nOlolK!i nA1Kio ere O~OVVU>OTL~a 6(6";0 1834·1919

The Formation of the National Identity

0, Makrynioli

The love 10 one's own country. Ihe concanons of the CIVilian and soldier to It as well as the k.nowledge 01 its tustcnc past. are the mam axes on which each slate invests Ideologically In order to Justify us esrsrance In the conscrousness of Its Citizens In the pursuit of creation and remtcrcerneru ortre national rdennty and consc.ousness childhood auracts the most attention. The eoucancn 01 each new generation of cruzens accorc.nc 10 the ettuuc «rears and the lessons of the glonous past IS the fust rrnponanr step towards the creauon 01 the ethruc (dentlly. Consequently. condhood IS conceived as lhe 1uture generanon 01 Civilians and soldiers and IS oetmec <IS the age category. which through tne proper ecucauon has 10 become aware of «s presence and obligations 111 the specmc place and lime, to keep alive tne memones hom tne past and to IIghl for the reahzaucn of the naiional VISions

The procedure of deveropmg a nanonatruerulty anu the anenuun pamto it are closely coorectec wuh Ihe social. pohucat and Ideological crrcumstancas prevailing In a country durmq a certain penod. In Greece, the tust decades of the twentretn century display such circumstances. which set the problem 01 the national identity on Ihe focal POUll of the pchuca., social and Ideological interest.