Correlation and Causation

After studying about a dozen or so individuals who needed glasses, and about a dozen
who didn’t, the only difference that I saw was that the people who wore tended to be
more readers. It is common to confuse correlation with causation. “An action or
occurrence can cause another (such as smoking causes lung cancer), or it can correlate
with another (such as smoking is correlated with alcoholism). If one action causes
another, then they are most certainly correlated.” But just because two things occur
together does not mean that one caused the other. So the patterns found in the people
who wore glasses was correlation because they probably wore glasses, not because they
were intelligent, but because they spend so much time reading or looking at a computer
screen, their eyesight became poor. And the correlation is that they are intelligent
because they read a lot and that causes the need for them to wear glasses.