Preliminary - not for distribution

Chilled Beam
Design Guide

Trox USA, Inc. Telephone 770-569-1433

926 Curie Drive Facsimile 770-569-1435
Alpharetta
Georgia www.troxusa.com
USA 30005 e-mail trox@troxusa.com
Contents

CONTENTS
Introduction to Chilled Beams 3 Passive Beam Performance Data 27

Passive chilled beams 3 TCB-1 passive chilled beams 27

Active chilled beams 5 TCB-2 passive chilled beams 28
TCB correction factors 29
System Application Guidelines 9
Active Beam Performance Data 45
Benefits of chilled beams 9
Chilled beam applications 10 Cooling capacity data
DID300U (2 pipe) 46
System Design Guidelines 12 DID300U (4 pipe) 47
DID600U (4 pipe) 51
Comfort considerations 12 DID300BU (2 or 4 pipe) 54
Air side design considerations 12 DID600BU (2 or 4 pipe) 57
Water side design considerations 17
Control considerations 19 Heating capacity data
Installation and commissioning 22 DID300U (4 pipe) 48
DID600U (4 pipe) 52
Chilled Beam Selection 25 DID300BU (4 pipe) 55
DID600BU (4 pipe) 58
Passive beams performance 25
Passive beam selection 25 Room air velocity prediction 16
Passive beam selection examples 25
Active beam selection 30 Water flow rate determination 49
Active beam performance 32
Active beam selection examples 33 Water pressure loss determination

Chilled Beam Specifications 37 DID300U 50

DID600U 53
TCB passive chilled beams 37 DID300BU 56
DID300U active chilled beams 38 DID600BU 59
DID600U active chilled beams 40
DID300BU active chilled beams 42
DID600U active chilled beams 44

2
 Introduction

Chilled beams have been employed in European HVAC
sensible cooling only applications for over twenty years.
Within the past few years they have become a popular
alternative to VAV systems in North America. The
growing interest in chilled beams has been fueled by
their energy saving potential, ease of use as well as
their minimal space requirements.
Chilled beams were originally developed to supersede
the outputs achieved by passive radiant cooling ceiling
systems. Sensible cooling capacities of ―chilled‖ ceilings
are limited by the chilled water supply temperature
(must be maintained above dew point to prevent
condensation from forming on their surfaces) and the
total surface area available that can be ‗chilled‘.
Obviously, this area is limited as other services
(lighting, fire protection, air distribution & extract etc.)
limit the degree of employment of the active ceiling
surface such that their maximum space sensible cooling
capacity is very typically less than 25 BTUH per square
foot of floor area. As this is not sufficient for maintaining
comfort especially in perimeter areas, chilled beams
very quickly became the preferred solution in so much
as they occupied less space, had fewer connection and
most importantly offered sensible cooling outputs 2 to 3
times that of ‗chilled‘ ceilings.
There are two basic types of chilled beams (see figure
2). Passive chilled beams are simply finned tube heat
exchanger coil within a casing that provides primarily
convective cooling to the space. Passive beams do not
incorporate fans or any other components (ductwork,
nozzles, etc.) to affect air movement. Instead they rely
on natural buoyancy to recirculate air from the
conditioned space and therefore needs a high free area
passage to allow room air to get above the coil and
cooled air to be discharge from below the coil. As they
have no provisions for supplying primary air to the
space, a separate source must provide space
ventilation and/or humidity control, very typically
combined with, but not limited to, UFAD. The air source
commonly contributes to the sensible cooling of the
space as well as controlling the space latent gains.

INTRODUCTION TO CHILLED BEAMS

Passive Chilled Beam
Chilled beams feature finned chilled water heat (Exposed Beam Shown)
exchanger cooling coils, capable of providing 200 to
900 BTUH of sensible cooling per foot of length and are
designed to take advantage of the significantly higher
cooling efficiencies of water. Figure 1 illustrates that a
one inch diameter water pipe can transport the same
cooling energy as an 18 inch square air duct. The use
of chilled beams can thus dramatically reduce air
handler and ductwork sizes enabling more efficient use
of both horizontal and vertical building space.

18― x 18―
Air Duct

Active Chilled Beam

Figure 2: Basic Beam Types

1― diameter
Water Pipe
Active chilled beams utilize a ducted (primary) air
supply to induce secondary (room) air across their
Figure 1: Cooling Energy Transport integral heat transfer coil where it is reconditioned prior
to its mixing with the primary air stream and subsequent
Economies of Air and Water discharge into the space. The primary air supply is
typically pretreated to maintain ventilation and humidity
control of the space and usually contributes to the

3
Passive Chilled Beams

provides sensible cooling, it is not used to condense or
provide latent cooling.
Further discussion of the performance, capacities and
design considerations for each type of beam is provided
in the following sections of this document.
join and combine giving a much higher velocity back
into the occupied space, Air discharged across he face
of the beam should be avoided as this can reduce the
coiling output of the beam as it inhibits the passage of
warm air above the heat exchanger coil.

PASSIVE CHILLED BEAMS

Passive chilled beams are completely decoupled from

the space air supply and only intended remove sensible
heat from the space. They operate most efficiently when
used in thermally stratified spaces.

Figure 3 illustrates the operational principle of a passive

beam. Warm air plumes from heat sources rise
naturally and create a warm air pool in the upper portion
of the space (or ceiling cavity). As this air contacts the
coil surface, the heat is removed which causes it to drop
back into the space due to its negative buoyancy
relative to the air surrounding it. The heat is absorbed Passive Chilled Beam Variations
lifting the chilled water temperature and is removed
from the space via the return water circuit. About 85% Passive chilled beams may be located above or below
of the heat removal is by convective means, therefore the ceiling plane and do not include the ceiling tile or
the radiant cooling contribution of passive chilled beams any perforated face covering. When used with a
is minimal and typically ignored. suspended ceiling system recessed beams, TROX
TCB-RB, are located a few inches above the ceiling and
finished to minimize their visibility from below. Figure 4
illustrates such a recessed beam application.

Figure 4: Recessed Beam Installation

Figure 3: Passive Beam Operation

Recessed beams should also include a separation skirt

Passive chilled beams are capable of removing 200 to
650 BTUH of sensible heat per linear foot of length
depending upon their width and the temperature
difference between their entering air and chilled water
mean temperature. The output of the chilled beam is
usually limited to ensure that the velocity of the air
dropping out of the beam face and back into the
occupied zone does not exceed comfort levels
It should also be noted that the air descending out of a
passive beam ‗necks‘ rather like slow running water out
of a faucet . This slow discharge can be effected by
other air currents around it and should another passive
beams be installed side by side, the two airstreams will
(TCB-RB-Skirt) which assures that the cooled air does
not short circuit back to the warm air stream feeding the
beam, this skirt also increases the draw effect of the
beam casing increasing output.
Recessed beams (TROX series TCB) may be either
uncapped (standard) or capped (more commonly
known as shrouded) (see figure 5). Capped or
shrouded beams have a sheet metal casing which
maintains separation between the beam and the ceiling
air cavity which is often used for the space return air
passage. The use of this casing assures that the

4
 Active Chilled Beams

same as that within the space it services. This provides

acoustical separation between adjacent spaces.

Separation Skirt

Figure 5: Capped Passive Beam

Passive beams mounted flush with or below the ceiling
surface are referred to as exposed beams. Most
exposed beams (e.g., TROX TCB-EB and PKV series)
are furnished within cabinets designed to enhance the
aesthetics and architectural features of the space as
well as assure the necessary air passages for the
beam.
TROX Passive Chilled Beams
TROX USA offers 2 ranges of passive chilled beam as
the core engine behind the variants. Only metric
versions of the leaflets currently exist, however, the
TCB selection software is in imperial, which can be
downloaded from www.troxusa.com
TCBU series beams (leaflet To be advised) offers
the full range of 1 & 2 row TCB, TCB-
RB, TCB-RB-Skirt, TCB-RB-AIR & TCB-RB-
SHROUD passive beams
Figure 6: Exposed Beam Installation
ACTIVE CHILLED BEAMS
In addition to chilled water coil(s), active chilled beams
incorporate ducted air connections to receive pretreated
supply air from a central air handling unit. This air is
injected through a series of nozzles within the beam to
entrain room air. Figure 7 illustrates an active beam that
induces room air through a high free area section within
its face and through the integral heat transfer coil where
it is reconditioned in response to a space thermostat
demand. The reconditioned air then mixes with the
ducted (primary) air and is discharged into the space by
means of linear slots located along the outside edge of
the beam.

PKVU series beams (leaflet 2/24/EN/1) are 1 row Primary air

passive beams with and without exposed supply
cabinets.

MSCB series beams, see Multi-Service Chilled

Beams & Design Bureau brochures on the Suspended
web page. MSCB‘s are custom built and ceiling
therefore these are representative of the types
of finished beams that can be supplied.

Figure 6 illustrates an exposed passive beam in whose

cabinet other space services (lighting, smoke and
occupancy detectors, etc.) have been integrated. Such
integrated beams are referred to as integrated or multi-
service chilled beams (MSCB). As with recessed Figure 7: Active Chilled Beam Operation
beams, it is generally recommended that the cross
sectional free area of the passage into an exposed
Active beams mounted above the occupied zone
chilled beam be equal to at least one its width.
maintain a sufficient discharge velocity to maintain a
fully mixed room air distribution. As such, they employ a
dilution ventilation strategy to manage the level of
airborne gaseous and particulate contaminants. Certain
variants of active beams (see discussion of variants
below) may be mounted in low sidewall or floor level
discharge applications. In these cases, displacement

5
Active Chilled Beams

ventilation and conditioning will be used to produce a

thermally stratified room environment.
Active chilled beams usually operate with a constant air
volume flow rate, producing a variable temperature
discharge to the space determined by how much heat is
extracted from the recirculated air by the chilled water
circuit. As the water circuit can generally extract 50 to
70% of the space sensible heat generation, the required
supply airflow can usually be reduced proportionally,
resulting in drastically reduced air handling units as well
as proportionally smaller supply (and exhaust/return)
ductwork and risers.
Active chilled beams can provide sensible cooling rates
as high as 900 BTUH per linear foot, depending on their
induction capabilities, coil circuitry, and chilled water
supply temperature. Later in this guide, you will see that
careful selection of the beam must be made to ensure
that high terminal velocities are avoided to maintain
comfort., a beam is not just a method of providing
cooling, but also a terminal discharge device that has to
be selected to suit the location, the space and how the
space is being utilized.
• DID300BU series beams (leaflet T2.4/2/US/1)
are low profile beam whose face width is 12
(nominal) inches. They are also ideal for
applications that have limited ceiling plenum
voids.
• DID600U series beams (leaflet 2/19.2/US/1)
are also designed to allow their integration into
standard 24 (nominal) inch wide acoustical
ceiling grids. Though slightly taller than the
DID600BU, their construction allows easy
mod if icati on to spe cif i c cu sto mer
requirements.
• DID300U series beams (leaflet 2/19/US/1)
have a nominal face width of 12 inches and
utilize two vertical chilled water coils. As such
they can be furnished with condensate trays to
catch any moisture that might have
unexpectedly formed on the coil surfaces
during periods of unusual operation.

Active chilled beams can be used for heating as well,

provided the façade heat losses are relatively low.

Active Chilled Beam Variations

Active chilled beams come in a number of lengths and

widths allowing their use in exposed mounting or
integration into suspended acoustical ceilings systems,
although their weight requires they be independently
supported. They can be furnished with a variety of
nozzle types that affect the induction rate of room air.
Their discharge pattern can be supplied as either one or
two way while some active beams allow modification of
their discharge characteristics once installed. Finally,
some variants are available with condensate trays
designed to collect a limited amount of unexpected
condensation.

Like their passive counterparts, ceiling mounted active

beams can be configured to be supplied as Multi-
Service beams (MSCB).

TROX Active Chilled Beams

TROX USA offers a complete line of linear ceiling

mounted active chilled beams as illustrated in figure 8:

• DID600BU series beams (leaflet T2.4/3/US/1)

are a low profile beam designed to allow their
integration into standard 24 (nominal) inch
wide acoustical ceiling grids. They are ideal for
applications that have limited ceiling plenum
voids.

6
 Active Chilled Beams

DID600U

DID300BU

DID300U

DID600BU

Figure 8: TROX Ceiling Mounted Active Chilled Beams

7
Active Chilled Beams
TROX offers other air-water products (illustrated in
figure 9) that are designed for specific applications.
• DID-R series beams feature a round race and
coil and for either surface mounting or
integration into an acoustical ceiling tile.
• DID-E series beams (leaflet 1/7.2/EN/1) are
designed for high sidewall mounting in hotels
and other domiciliary applications.
• QLCI series beams (product leaflet
1/7.2/US/1) are integrated into low sidewall
mounted cabinets and to discharge
conditioned air to the space in a displacement
BID
QLCI
Figure 9: Other TROX Air-Water Products
8
fashion. They are most commonly used for
classroom HVAC as they offer significant air
quality and acoustical advantages. In fact,
they are the only available terminal capable of
maintaining classroom sound pressure levels
compliant with ANSI Standard S12.60.
• TROX BID series beams (product leaflet
T2.4/9/EN/1) condition perimeter areas in
UFAD applications. Conditioned air is
delivered by a dedicated perimeter area air
handling unit. This relieves the UFAD system
of the responsibility of providing sensible
cooling to the perimeter zones, resulting in
substantially reduced airflow requirements.
DID-E
DID-R
 Benefits of Chilled Beams

CHILLED BEAM SYSTEM APPLICATION • Operational efficiencies of pumps are

intrinsically higher than fans, leading to lower
GUIDELINES cooling and heating energy transport costs.
Chilled beams (both passive and active) posses certain
• The higher chilled water temperatures used by
inherent advantages over all-air systems. These
chilled beams allow chiller efficiencies to be
benefits can be divided into the three categories as
increased by as much as 35%.
follows:
• Chilled beam systems offer water side
First cost benefits of chilled beam systems
economizer opportunities that are especially
attractive in mild climates. Unlike the case with
Chilled beams afford the designer an opportunity to
air side economizers, these free cooling
replace large supply and return air ductwork with small
opportunities are not as restrictive in climates
chilled water pipes. This results in significant savings in
that are also humid.
terms of plenum space and increases usable floor
space.
• Maintenance costs are considerably lower
than all-air systems. Chilled beams do not
• Chilled beams can be mounted in ceiling
incorporate any moving parts (fans, motors,
spaces as small as 8 to 10 (vertical) inches
damper actuators, etc.) or complicated control
while all-air systems typically require to 2 to
devices. Most chilled beams do not require
2.5 times that. This vertical space savings can
filters (and thus regular filter changes) or
be used to either increase the space ceiling
condensate trays. As their coils operate ‗dry‘,
height or reduce the slab spacing and thus the
regular cleaning and disinfection of
overall building height requirements.
condensate trays is not necessary. Normal
maintenance history suggests that the coils be
• The low plenum depth requirements of chilled
vacuumed every five years (more frequently in
beam systems make them ideal choices for
applications such as hospital patient rooms
retrofit of buildings that have previously used
where linens are regularly changed). Figure
sidewall mounted unitary equipment such as
10 compares the lifetime maintenance and
induction units, vertical fan coils and other
replacement costs for active chilled beams to
unitary terminals.
fan coil units (FCU), based on an expected
FCU lifetime of 20 years. It assumes that a)
• Chilled beams contribute to horizontal space
each beam or FCU serves a perimeter floor
savings as their significantly lower supply
area of 150 square feet.
airflow rates result in smaller ductwork as well
as supply and return/exhaust air risers. The
Active Chilled
capacity of the air handling units providing Fan Coil Unit
Beam
conditioned air to the chilled beam system is Filter Changes:
also reduced, resulting in considerably smaller Frequency: Twice Yearly NA
equipment room foot prints. Cost per Change: $30.00
Cost over Lifetime (20 Years): $1,200.00 $0.00
• LEEDTM also requires that certified buildings
be purged for a period of time before Clean Coil and Condensate System:

occupancy in order to remove airborne Frequency: Twice Yearly Every four Years
Cost per Event: $30.00 $30.00
contaminants caused by the construction
Cost Over Lifetime: $1,200.00 $150.00
process. The significantly reduced airflow
requirement of chilled beam systems simplifies Fan Motor Replacement:
this and reduces the fan energy required to Frequency: Once during life NA
accomplish this task. Cost per Event: $400.00
Cost Over Lifetime: $400.00 $0.00
Operational cost benefits of chilled beam systems
Life Cycle (20 years) maintenance cost: $2,800.00 $150.00
The energy costs of operating chilled beam systems
Source: REHVA Chilled Beam Application Guidebook (2004)
are usually considerably less than that of an all-air
system. This is largely due to the following:
Figure 10: Life Cycle Maintenance Costs
• Reduced supply air flow rates result in lower Active Chilled Beams versus Fan Coils
fan energy consumption.

9
Applications
Comfort and IAQ benefits of chilled beam systems
Properly designed chilled beam systems generally
result in enhanced thermal comfort and indoor air
quality compared to all-air systems.
• Active chilled beams generally deliver a
constant air volume flow rate to the room. As
such, the variations in room air motion and
cold air dumping that is inherent to variable
volume all-air systems is eliminated. Instead,
slightly warmer air is supplied at a constant
volume flow rate maintaining a high degree of
room air entrainment leading to higher
occupant thermal comfort levels.
• The constant air volume delivery of primary air
to the active chilled beam helps assure that
the design space ventilation rates and relative
humidity levels are closely maintained.
Chilled beam application criteria
Although the advantages of using chilled beams are
numerous, there are restrictions and qualifications that
should be considered when determining their suitability
to a specific application. Chilled beams are suitable for
use where the following conditions exist:
• Mounting less than 20 feet. Ceiling heights
may be greater, but the beam should not be
more than 20 feet above the floor.
• The tightness of the building envelope is
adequate to prevent excessive moisture
transfer. Space moisture gains due to
occupancy and/or processes are moderate.
• Space humidity levels can be consistently
maintained such that the space dew point
temperature remains below the temperature of
the chilled water supply.
• Passive beams should not be used in areas
where considerable or widely variable air
velocities are expected.
• Passive beams should only be considered
when an adequate entry and discharge area
can be assured.
• Passive Chilled beams can not be used to
heat.
Applications best served by chilled beams
Chilled beams are ideal for applications with high space
sensible cooling loads, relative to the space ventilation
a ventilation (cooing and heating) load at the air
10
and latent cooling requirements. These applications
include, but are not limited to:
1) Brokerage trading areas
Trading areas consists of desks where a
single trader typically has access to multiple
computer terminals and monitors. This high
equipment density results in space sensible
cooling requirements six to eight times that of
a conventional interior spaces while the
ventilation and latent cooling requirements are
essentially the same. Active chilled beams
remove 60 to 70% of the sensible heat by
means of their water circuit, reducing the
ducted airflow requirement proportionally.
2) Broadcast and recording studios
Broadcast and recording studios typically
have high sensible heat ratios due to their
large electronic equipment and lighting loads.
In addition, space acoustics and room air
velocity control are critical in these spaces.
Passive chilled beams are silent and capable
of removing large amounts of sensible heat,
enabling the use of a low velocity supply air
discharge.
3) Heat driven laboratory spaces
Designers often classify laboratories according
to their required supply airflow rate. In
laboratories that are densely populated by
fume hoods, the make up air requirement is
typically 12 air changes per hour or more.
These laboratory spaces are classified as air
driven. Laboratories whose make up air
requirement is less than that are typically
considered heat driven. This category includes
most biological, pharmaceutical, electronic
and forensic laboratories. The ventilation re-
quirement in these laboratories is commonly 6
air changes per hour, however, the processes
and equipment in the laboratory can often
result in sensible heat gains that require 18 to
22 air changes with an all-air system. To
make matters worse, recirculation of air
exhausted from these laboratories is not
allowed if their activities involve the use of
gases or chemicals.
Active chilled beams remove the majority (60
to 70%) of the sensible heat by means of their
chilled water coil, enabling ducted airflow rates
to be reduced accordingly. Not only is the
space more efficiently conditioned, but the
 Applications

handler is substantially reduced as far less requirements and occupier disruption, d)

outdoor air is required. improved space acoustics and air quality.

4) High outdoor air percentage applications Blind Box

Applications such as patient rooms in hospitals

typically demand higher ventilation rates as
well as accurate control of those rates. Chilled
beam systems are ideal for these applications Passive Return Air
as their hydronic sensible cooling regulates the Chilled Beam Grille
space temperature while allowing a constant
volume delivery of supply and ventilation air to
the space. Displacement chilled beams such
as the ‗TROX QLCI‘ also offer opportunities for
improved contaminant removal efficiencies,
reducing the likelihood of communicable
diseases spreading to health care staff
members.

5) Perimeter treatment for UFAD systems

As cool airflow passes through the open floor

plenum in UFAD systems, it picks up heat that
is transferred through the structural slab from
the return plenum of the floor below. The
amount of heat transfer that is likely to occur is
very hard to predict as many factors influence
it. However, the resultant temperature rise in
the conditioned air can often lead to discharge
temperatures 4 to 5˚F higher than those
encountered in interior zones nearer the point
of entry into the supply air plenum. Such
higher temperatures contribute to perimeter
zone airflow requirements that are typically 35
to 40% higher than that of conventional
(ducted) all-air systems.
Passive chilled beams such as the TROX TCB
series provide effective and reliable cooling of
perimeter spaces in UFAD applications. Figure
11 illustrates such an application where the
passive beam is mounted above the acoustical
ceiling and adjacent to the blind box above an
exterior window. Floor diffusers fed directly
from the pressurized supply plenum continue
to provide space ventilation and humidity
control. Heating cannot be effectively
accomplished by passive beams, so an
underfloor finned tube heating system or
radiant panel heating system typically
compliments the chilled beams.
Finned Tube Swirl Type
Heating Coil Floor Diffuser
Figure 11: Passive Chilled Beams for
Perimeter Treatment in a UFAD System
Chilled beams are also an excellent choice where the
vertical height of the ceiling cavity is limited. These in-
clude applications involving:
1) Building height restrictions
Building codes may restrict the overall height
of buildings in certain locales. This commonly
promotes the use of tighter slab spacing which
reduces the depth of the ceiling cavity. Passive
chilled beams can often be fit between
structural beams in these applications. Active
chilled beam systems can easily be designed
to require 10 inches or less clearance when
integrated into the ceiling grid system.
2) Raised access floor applications

Use of passive beams for perimeter area
sensible cooling can reduce overall supply
airflow rates in UFAD systems by as much as
50%. This also results in a) smaller air
handling units and ductwork, smaller supply
and return air risers, c) reduced maintenance
a
Although more and more applications involving
raised access flooring systems integrate an
underfloor air distribution system, many do not.
The vertical space requirement for the access
floor system is often accommodated by
a

11
Comfort Considerations
reducing the depth of the ceiling cavity. Chilled
beam systems allow such reductions without
compromising the air distribution design.
4) Retrofits involving reduced slab spacing
Many buildings that are candidates for HVAC
system retrofits utilize packaged terminal units
(induction units, vertical fan coil units, etc.)
that are installed below the ceiling level. As
such, many of these structures have ceiling
cavities with limited depth. Chilled beams are
ideal for such retrofits.
CHILLED BEAM SYSTEM DESIGN
GUIDELINES
The HVAC system is responsible for three important
tasks that help assure occupant comfort and a healthy
indoor environment:
1) Removal of the space sensible heat gains.
2) Delivery of a prescribed volume flow rate of
outdoor air to properly ventilate the space.
3) Sufficient dehumidification to offset the space
latent heat gains.
As the water circuit in chilled beams is designed only to
assist in achieving the sensible cooling objective, the air
supply to the space must be properly maintained to
accomplish the ventilation and dehumidification goals.
In order to achieve efficient chilled beam system
operation, certain considerations should be factored into
the development of the system design and operational
objectives. The following sections identify and briefly
discuss such considerations that apply to the design,
selection and specification of the equipment that
supplies and controls the chilled beams.
• General design objectives.
• Air-side design goals and considerations.
• Water-side design goals and considerations.
• Control and operational considerations.
The following sections discuss design decisions that
affect the sizing and selection of the air and water
system equipment and accessories.
Designing for occupant thermal comfort
The maintenance of a high level of occupant thermal
comfort is the primary objective of most chilled beam
applications. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 Thermal
Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy 2
identifies key factors that contribute to thermal comfort
and defines environmental conditions that are likely to
produce such. The Standard generally states that
a a
12
during cooling operation, the space (operative) dry bulb
temperature should be maintained between 68 and
77˚F and the space dew point temperature should not
exceed 60.5˚F. If the space operative temperature is
75˚F, this maximum dew point temperature corresponds
to a relative humidity of 60%.
The Standard also defines the occupied zone as the
portion of the bounded by the floor and the head level of
the predominant stationary space occupants (42 inches
if seated, 72‖ if standing) and no closer than 3 feet from
outside walls/windows or 1 foot from internal walls. It is
generally accepted that velocities within the occupied
zone should not exceed 50 to 70 feet per minute.
Designing for acceptable space acoustical levels
The space acoustical requirements are usually dictated
by its intended use. The 2007 ASHRAE Handbook
(Applications)3 prescribes design guidance (including
recommended space acoustical levels) for various types
of facilities and their use.
AIR SIDE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Room and primary air design considerations
When chilled beam systems are being contemplated,
the relationship between the room design conditions
and the primary air requirements should be closely
evaluated.
As previously stated, the chilled water circuit within
chilled beams is capable of considerably higher
sensible heat removal efficiencies than does
conditioned air supplied to the space. As such, it is
advantageous to remove as much sensible heat as
possible by means of the chilled water circuit. In theory,
this practice would allow the supply airflow rate to the
space to be reduced significantly and result in both
energy savings and reduced HVAC service space
requirements. However, the airflow supply to the space
is often also the sole source of space ventilation and
dehumidification so consideration of these functions is
imperative in the design of chilled beam systems. The
primary (conditioned) airflow rate to the beam must be
sufficient to provide space humidity control, ventilation
and supplement the chilled water circuit in satisfying the
space sensible heat gains. The space primary airflow
rate must, thus be the maximum of that needed to
accomplish each of those individual tasks.
Space ventilation requirements are usually based on
the number of space occupants and the floor area in
which they reside. ASHRAE Standard 62-2004
provides guidance in the calculation of these
requirements. Some spaces (laboratories, healthcare
facilities, etc.) may require higher ventilation rates due
 Airside Design Consideration

to the processes they support. Identification of the constant volume flow rate of primary air, the room
required space ventilation rate should be the first step in relative humidity levels will remain constant during
the design process. occupied periods.

In order to maintain specified room humidity levels, the 4.5

primary airflow must remove moisture (latent) heat at
the rate at which it is generated. The supply airflow rate
4.0
required to do this is determined by the equation:

Latent Airflow Factor, FLATENT

CFMLATENT = qLATENT / 4840 x HROOM - HSUPPLY 3.5 Space Relative
50%
Humidity
51%
where, qLATENT is the space latent heat gain and HROOM 3.0
and HSUPPLY is the humidity ratio (LBS H 2O per LB Dry 52%

Air) of the room and supply air, respectively. 53%

2.5
54%
When chilled beam systems are used, the chilled water 55%
extraction of space sensible heat allows reduction of 2.0 Optimized Design
56%
Range
design supply airflow rates by 50 to 60% over 57%
conventional all-air systems. Reductions of this 1.5
magnitude may, however, compromise space
ventilation and dehumidification. When chilled beams
1.0
are used in applications where a) the design outdoor 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56
dew point temperature is above 50˚F and b)
preconditioning the outdoor air to a dew point Primary Air Dewpoint Termperature, ˚F
temperature below that (50˚F) is not feasible, careful
consideration should be given to the determination of
design room air humidity levels.

Chilled beams used in humid environments require that

building infiltration rates be minimized. As such, the
maintenance of acceptable room humidity conditions is Perimeter airflow requirements in chilled beam systems
generally most critical in interior spaces where the are generally driven by space sensible heat gains,
sensible loads are less, and thus less primary air is therefore, space relative humidity levels in those areas
generally required. Figure 12 illustrates relationships will typically remain lower than in interior spaces.
between the primary air requirement and the space
design conditions for a typical interior space. This figure Variable volume all-air systems only provide design
uses the specified room relative humidity and the humidity levels when operating at full flow conditions
primary air dew point temperature to establish a factor and RH levels may increase by as much as 10% when
(FLATENT) that relates the primary airflow requirement to they are operating at reduced airflow. Consider a zone
maintain the desired room relative humidity as a ratio of (see table 1) whose design conditions are 75˚F/50% RH
the space ventilation requirement (in this case being supplied air at a 52˚F dew point temperature by a
assuming 20 CFM per person). variable air volume (VAV) system. The VAV air handling
unit provides 20% outside air at its design condition, but
The primary airflow rate required to accomplish the is currently operating at 80% of its design flow. As the
desired space ventilation and dehumidification can be
calculated as: Design Operation at
Operation 40% of Design
Sensible Heat Gain, BTUH 6,000 2,400
CFMLATENT = FLATENT x CFMVENT
Sensible Heat Ratio 0.80 0.62
Latent Heat Gain, BTUH 1,500 1,500
Note that maintenance of 50% relative humidity with
primary air supplied at a 52˚F dew point temperature Room Dry Bulb Temperature, ˚F 75 75

will require that the primary airflow rate to the space be Supply Airflow Rate, CFM 275 110
some 2.3 times the space ventilation rate. If the design Space Ventilation Rate, CFM 55 28
relative humidity of the space were 55% (well within Supply Air Dry BulbTemperature, ˚F 52 52
ASHRAE recommendations), the primary airflow Supply Air Dew Point, ˚F 52 52

requirement could be halved! Alternatively, the primary Supply Air Humidity Ratio, Lbs H2O per Lb DA 0.0082 0.0082

air could be conditioned to a 48˚F dew point in order to Room Relative Humidity, ˚F 50% 60%
maintain 50% relative humidity with a similar primary Room Air Humidity Ratio, Lbs H2O per Lb DA 0.0093 0.0110
airflow rate. As the beams are usually operated with a
Assumes central AHU is designed to supply 20% outside air at design, but is
A operating at 80% capacity, therefore outdoor air is 25% of total airflow delivery.

13
Airside Design Considerations
Table 1: Actual Operating Conditions for
a VAV System
under this condition will be only half that at design. In
addition, the amount of dehumidification accomplished
by the supply air is only 40% of that at design
conditions and an actual space relative humidity of 60%
will result.
In summary, designing for slightly higher relative
humidity levels can result in significant reductions
in space primary airflow requirements!
Room air distribution in passive beam applications
As passive beams rely only upon natural forces to
recirculate the air to and from the space, it is critical that
excessive restrictions in the air passages to and from
the beams be avoided. As such, passive beams utilize
very wide fin spacing (typically 3 to 4 fins per inch) as
opposed to conventional cooling coils. Research
indicates that the performance of these beams can also
be significantly compromised if an adequate entry and
discharge path is not maintained.
It is generally recommended that the return and
discharge passage of air through the ceiling perforated
tile be equal to 2 times the width of the beam coil,
normally split 50-50, down the long sides of the beam.
Figure 13 illustrates the recommended entry and
discharge area relationships for recessed passive
beams mounted above a ceiling tile with a 50% free
area. The free area of the perforated ceiling has a direct
result on performance of the beam., as the free are
decreases, the output also decreases. The minimum
free area of the tile should not be lower than 28%,
however, no increase in output is gained beyond 50%
free area. When passive beams are mounted very near
a perimeter wall or window, the required return air
passage may be reduced as the warm air entering the
beam has more momentum (contact TROX USA for
Min. 0.33 x B
Minimum
20% Free
Area Panel Separation Skirt
W = 2.0 x B
Figure 13: Entry Area Requirements for
Passive Chilled Beams
14
further application assistance). Exposed beams must
also be located such that the entering air passage
requirements are observed.
Passive chilled beams operate most efficiently in a
stratified or partially stratified room environment. As
such, displacement ventilation or underfloor air
distribution (UFAD) outlets with limited vertical
projection (throw to a terminal velocity of 50 FPM is no
more than 40% of the mounting height of the beams).
For design purposes, the beam entering air temperature
should be assumed 2˚F warmer than that at the control
level of the room under the described installation and
operating conditions.
When passive beams are mounted adjacent to an
outside window (and the room is thermally stratified),
the momentum of the warm air rising along the
perimeter surface will likely result in entering air
temperatures 4 to 6˚F warmer than the room control
temperature, dependent on the surface temperature of
the façade.
Ceiling or high sidewall outlets can be used (with a
lesser heat transfer efficiency) provided their horizontal
throw to 50 FPM does not extend to within four feet of
the passive beam.
In order to maintain a high level of thermal comfort,
passive beams should be located such that the veloci-
ties of the falling cool air do not cause discomfort. As a
general rule, the velocity at the head level of a station-
ary occupant should not exceed 50 FPM. Figure 14
illustrates typical velocities directly below passive
beams as a function of the sensible cooling they
provide.
Figure 14: Velocities Below Passive Beams
 Airside Design Considerations
Space temperature control in passive beam systems is
accomplished by varying the amount of sensible heat
removed by the chilled water. The chilled water supply
to several beams within a single zone is generally
controlled by a single chilled water valve. Although the
zone may consist of multiple spaces, a certain degree
of temperature compensation for each space will be
affected by the passive beam itself. As the cooling
requirement of the space is reduced, the temperature of
the air entering the beam will also be reduced. This will
result in less heat transfer to the water circuit and the
return water temperature will be reduced.
Passive chilled beams cannot be used for heating as its
airflow would be reversed. They are typically applied
with some type of separate heating system such as low
level finned tube heaters. Radiant (ceiling or wall
mounted) heating panels can also be used depending
on the façade heat losses expected.
Air handler and ductwork design considerations
The reduction in primary airflow rates when chilled
beam systems are used results in considerably reduced
air handling unit (AHU) capacities and ductwork sizing.
The air handling unit operational sequence is often
affected by the following chilled beam attributes:
• As most of the modulation in response to
space load variation is accomplished by the
hydronic system, air side diversity factors and
thus supply and return airflow variations are
much less. This allows either DX or chilled
water cooling coils to be used.
• As the AHU in chilled beam systems supplies
a much higher percentage of outside air,
periods of free cooling are often extended.
Thermal comfort considerations
While the primary (conditioned) airflow rate for active
chilled beams can be greatly reduced, their induction
ratios (2 to 5 CFM of room air per CFM primary air)
result in discharge airflow rates that are slightly higher
than those of conventional all-air systems. As such,
attention should be exercised in the beam placement to
avoid drafty conditions and maximize occupant thermal
comfort. Figure 15 predicts maximum occupied zone
velocities for various combinations of primary airflow
rates and active beam spacing. This nomograph
suggests local velocities which will maintain acceptable
levels of occupant comfort per ASHRAE.
As the room air distribution provided by active
beams is identical to that provided by ceiling slot
diffusers, their selection for (total) discharge airflow
rates greater than 40 CFM per linear foot of slot is
a
15
not recommended when high levels of occupant
thermal comfort are required!
The vL velocities shown in figure 15 are those predicted
within 40 mm (just over 1½ inches) from the window or
wall surface during cooling operation. It is
recommended that beams which are configured for both
heating and cooling of perimeter spaces be selected
such that vL (selected for cooling operation) is between
120 and 150 FPM in order to assure that the warm air is
adequately projected down the perimeter surface.
Velocities taken 6 inches away from the surface can be
expected to be about half those values.
Heating in chilled beam applications
Ceiling or high sidewall mounted passive chilled beams
exert no motive force on their discharge airflow, and
cannot be used for overhead heating. Heating must be
provided by a separate source, either the primary air
supply or a separate heating system (finned tube,
radiant panel, etc.).
Active beams can be for heat in relatively mild climates.
Hot water can either be delivered to each perimeter
area beam or to a hot water heating coil in the duct
supplying a number of beams within the same thermal
control zone. The use of a zone hot water heating coil
feeing multiple chilled beams is a generally more
economic option than piping each chilled beam for
heating as it may save considerable labor and piping
material costs. If active chilled beams are used for
heating, the following recommendations should be
observed:
• Chilled beam discharge temperatures should
be maintained within 15˚F of the room
temperature.
• Velocities at the mid-level of outside walls and
windows should be maintained within the
region indicated in figure 15.
Unoccupied periods demanding heating via the chilled
beams or primary air system will require that the AHU
remain operational.
Variable air volume operation using active beams
Although usually operated as constant air volume
delivery devices, active chilled beams can also be used
as variable air volume (VAV) devices. VAV operation
may be advantageous when space occupancy and/or
ventilation demands vary widely. Recommendations for
the control of chilled beams in VAV applications can be
found in the control section of this document.
Airside Design Considerations

Velocity exceeds that recommended for high

occupant comfort levels.
H - H1 (feet) Ceiling Height (H), ft.
ASHRAE recommended selection for perimeter
3 4 5 6 beams doing both heating and cooling. 9 10 11 12

Velocities VH1 and VL are based on a 15˚F

(cooling) temperature differential
100 FPM between the room and the supply Local
airstream. Velocity VL ,
Type C Nozzle: QTOTAL = 3.2 x QPRIMARY FPM
BEAM
90 FPM TOTAL Type B Nozzle: QTOTAL = 4.2 x QPRIMARY
AIRFLOW Type A Nozzle: QTOTAL = 5.3 x QPRIMARY
RATE Type G Nozzle: QTOTAL = 5.3 x QPRIMARY
Type M Nozzle: QTOTAL = 6.1 x QPRIMARY 150 FPM
Local Velocity V H1 , FPM

80 FPM

80 CFM/LF

70 FPM
140 FPM

60 FPM 70 CFM/LF

130 FPM

50 FPM
60 CFM/LF
120 FPM
40 FPM

50 CFM/LF 110 FPM

30 FPM 100 FPM

40 CFM/LF
90 FPM

4 6 8 10 12 14

Distance A/2 or L (feet)

L A

0.5 QSUPPLY 0.5 QSUPPLY 0.5 QSUPPLY

40 mm
0.5 H H - H1

VL VH1

NOTES:
1) V L values in chart are measured 6" from wall. Velocites 12" from wall will be 40% lower.
2) Selection and velocity recommendations are per 2007 ASHRAE Handbook (HVAC Applications) .

Figure 15: Local Velocity Predictions for TROX Series 300U, 600U, 300BU and 600BU
Active Chilled Beams

16
 Water side Design Considerations
WATER SIDE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Once the room air conditions have been established,
the water side design objectives and requirements can
be identified. Certain factors must be considered in
arriving at the chilled water system design. The
following sections discuss these.
Chilled water supply source
There are several possible sources of adequately
conditioned chilled water for the supply of chilled beam
systems. Among these are several sources discussed
below:
• Return water from AHU chilled water coil
• Dedicated chilled water supply system
• District chilled water supply
• Geothermal wells
When air handling units associated with chilled beam
systems utilize chilled water evaporator coils, their
return water can often be used to remove heat from the
chilled beam circuit. Figure 16 illustrates a chilled water
loop whose heat is extracted through a heat exchanger
to the AHU return water loop. The chilled water supply
is a closed loop which includes a bypass by which
return water can be bypassed around the heat
exchanger to maintain the desired chilled water supply
temperature to the beams. Although it is possible that
the AHU return water could be piped directly to the
beams, it is unlikely that the AHU and the beam circuits
will always demand the same chilled water flow rate.
Figure 17 illustrates a chilled beam system where the
beams are supplied by a dedicated chiller. The chilled
water loop allows the chiller to operate at a higher
efficiency due to the higher return water temperatures
associated with the chilled beam system. The chiller‘s
COP can often be increased by 25 to 30% by doing so.
In some cases, water from district chilled water supplies
or geothermal wells may replace the return water from
the AHU and serve as the primary loop in the heat
exchanger shown in figure 16.
Chilled water supply and return temperatures
The most important decision regarding the chilled water
system involves the specification of a chilled water
supply temperature. In order to prevent condensation
from forming on the beams, the chilled water supply
temperature must be sufficiently maintained. The
REHVA Chilled Beam Applications Guidebook1
suggests that condensation will first occur on the supply
piping entering the beam. As such, it is very important
to insulate the chilled water supply piping to the beams.
Reference 4 suggests that condensation will not likely
form when the active chilled water supply temperature
is maintained no lower than 3˚F below the room air dew
a a
17
point and at least 1˚F above the space dew point
temperature in the case of passive beams. TROX USA
recommends that the chilled water supply
temperature for Passive chilled beams is at least
1˚F above the maximum room dew point that can be
controlled to whilst active beams are kept at or
above the room dew point as an operational safety
margin. In general, most beams selected to date have
a supply temperature 1.5˚F or more above room dew
point.
The return water temperature leaving chilled beams is
typically 4 to 6˚F higher than the chilled water supply.
As such, the chilled water return piping does not
normally need to be insulated.
Hot water supply and return temperatures
Active chilled beams can be used for perimeter heating
and cooling in mild climates. It is recommended that the
hot water supply be maintained at a temperature that
will result in a beam discharge temperature no more
than15˚F warmer than the ambient room temperature.
Water flow rates
There are factors that affect the minimum and maximum
water flow rates within the chilled beam system.
Maximum flow rates are limited by the pressure loss
within the beam. Minimum flow rates are based on the
maintenance of turbulent flow to assure proper heat
transfer. The following recommendations apply to the
chilled water system design:
• Water head loss through the beams should be
generally limited to 10 feet H2O or less.
• Pressures exceeding 10 feet H 2O at the water
control valve may cause noise when the valve
begins opening.
• The 2005 ASHRAE Handbook
(Fundamentals)5 limits water flow rates in
pipes that are two (2) inches in diameter or
less to that which results in maximum
velocities of 4 FPS.
• Chilled beam water flow rates below 0.15
GPM may result in non-turbulent flow. Selec-
tion below this flow rate should not be made
as the coil performance cannot be assured.
Water treatment recommendations
As most of the elements within the chilled (and hot)
water piping systems are typically copper or brass, it is
important that the water circuit is treated to assure that
there are no corrosive elements in the water. The water
circuits feeding the chilled beams should also be treated
with a sodium nitrite and biocide solutions to prevent
bacterial growth. Glycol should not be added except
where absolutely necessary as it changes the
Water side Design Considerations

specific capacity of the chilled water and its effect on

the chilled beam performance must be estimated and
accounted for. Prior to start up and commissioning, all
chilled and hot water piping should be flushed for
contaminants.

Primary Chilled Water Primary Chilled Water

Supply Return

HEAT EXCHANGER

3-way
Moduating Supply
Valve Temperature
T
Controller

Chilled Water
Pump
Return Water Bypass

Secondary Secondary (Tempered)

Chilled Water Chilled Water Supply to
Return Beams

Pressure
R
Regulator

2-way Chilled
Water Valve
(one per zone)

To Chilled Beam Zones

Figure 16: Tempered Chilled Water

Dedicated
Chiller Supply Using a Heat Exchanger

3-way
Moduating Supply
Valve Temperature
T
Storage Controller
Vessel
Chilled Water
Pump
Return Water Bypass

Secondary Secondary (Tempered)

Chilled Water Chilled Water Supply to
Return Beams

Pressure
R
Figure 17: Beam Chilled Regulator

Water Supply from a Dedicated Chiller

To Chilled Beam Zones

18

CHILLED BEAM CONTROL CONSIDERATIONS
This section discusses the control of both the air and
the water supply in chilled beam systems. It also
presents and discusses strategies for condensation
prevention.
Temperature control and zoning with chilled beams
Room temperature control is primarily accomplished by
varying the water flow rate or its supply temperature to
the chilled beam coils in response to a zone thermostat
signal. Modulation of the chilled water flow rate typically
produces a 7 to 8˚F swing in the beam‘s supply air
temperature, which affects a 2:1 to 2.5:1 turndown in
the beam‘s sensible cooling rate. This is usually
sufficient for the control of interior spaces (except
conference areas) where sensible loads do not tend to
vary significantly. If additional reduction of the space
cooling is required, the primary air supply to the beam
can be reduced. In any case, modulation of the chilled
water flow rate or temperature should be the primary
means for controlling room temperature as it has little or
no effect on space ventilation and/or dehumidification.
Only after the chilled water flow has been discontinued
should the primary airflow rate be reduced.
Thermal control zones for chilled beam applications
should be establish in precisely the same manner they
are defined for all air systems. These zones should
consist of adjacent spaces whose sensible cooling
requirements are similar, and several beams should be
controlled from a single space thermostat. For example,
the beams serving several perimeter spaces with the
same solar exposure can be controlled by a single
thermostat to create a zone of similar size to that which
might be served by a single fan terminal in an all air
system. Conference rooms and other areas with widely
varying occupancy should be controlled separately.
Control of the primary airflow rate
TROX active chilled beams can be provided with
volume flow rate controllers that can either a) maintain a
constant volume airflow rate to the beam or b) act as a
maximum air volume limiter for beams that are operated
in a variable volume mode. Figure 18 illustrates a TROX
model VFL flow limiter which can be fitted directly to the
inlet side of the active beam. This limiter is fully
self-contained and requires no power or control
connections. It may be field set to maintain a constant
primary air volume flow rate as long as the inlet static
pressure is sufficient to provide that airflow. If a variable
volume terminal upstream throttles to reduce the
volume flow rate, the flow limiter opens fully to accept
the regulation. More information on VFL flow limiters
may be found in TROX leaflet 5/9.2/EN/3. The VFL flow
limiters require a minimum of 0.15 inches H2O
differential static pressure to operate. This must be
a
19
Control Strategies
Figure 18: TROX VFL Flow Controller
added to the pressure loss of the beam to arrive at an
appropriate inlet static pressure requirement. For
acoustical reasons, the inlet static pressure should not
exceed 1.0 inches H2O.
Chilled (and hot) water flow control strategies
The most economical way to control the output of the
chilled beam is to modulate the water flow rate through
the coil. This may be accomplished in either of two
ways. Figure 19 illustrates a typical piping and hydronic
control schematic for a single thermal zone utilizing
chilled beams. There are isolation valves within each
zone which allow the chilled beam coils within the zone
to be isolated from the chilled water system. This
enables beams to be relocated or removed without
disturbing the water flow in other zones. The coils‘ water
flow rate is throttled by a 2-way chilled water valve
actuated by the zone thermostat. Most chilled beam
systems utilize floating point valve actuators that
provide on-off control of the beam water flow. Throttling
the water flow rate results in variable volume flow
through the main water loop while its supply and return
water temperatures tend to remain relatively constant.
Figure 20 shows a zone within a chilled beam system
that is controlled by a 3-way valve. Such a schematic
will allow modulation of the chilled water flow to the
beams within the zone while maintaining a constant
volume flow rate within the main distribution system.
Such control may be advantageous in cases where a
dedicated chiller is used and significant variations in the
water flow rate can result in danger of freezing within
the chiller itself. Three way valves are also frequently
used when condensation prevention controls are
employed.
The piping illustrated in figure 19 is reverse-return. The
first unit supplied with chilled water is the farthest from
the main chilled water return. Using reverse-return
Control Strategies

Chilled Chilled
water water
supply return

Isolation
Isolation
valve valve

2 way
on-off
control
valve

T Zone thermostat

Chilled beams within a single thermal zone

Figure 19: Chilled Beam Zone Control by Means of a Throttling (On/Off) 2 Way Valve

Chilled Chilled
water water
supply return

Isolation
valves (2)
Flow
Measurement
and Balancing
Valves 3 way
proportional
control
valve

T Zone thermostat

Chilled beams within a single thermal zone

Figure 20: Chilled Beam Zone Control by Means of a Diverting 3 Way Valve

Chilled Chilled
Zone thermostat T water water
supply return
3 way proportional
control valve

Isolation
Pump valves (2)

Chilled beams within a single thermal zone

Figure 21: Chilled Beam Zone Control by Water Temperature Modulation

20
 Control Strategies

Outdoor Air
piping tends to adequately balance the water flow to Dew Point
multiple beams within a single zone. Sensor

F
The chilled beam output may also be controlled by
HEAT
maintaining the water flow rate constant and modulating EXCHANGER
its temperature. In these cases, the water flow rate Supply Water
throughout both the main and zone circuits remains Temperature
constant. This is a more expensive alternative which is Controller

generally only used where space humidity levels are

unpredictable yet condensation must be prevented T
without compromising the space thermal conditions.
Figure 21 illustrates such a zone using a mixing Chilled
Return Water Bypass
strategy where return water is recirculated to raise the Water
Pump
chilled water supply temperature to the beams. A pump
must be supplied within the zone piping circuit to
Secondary Chilled Secondary (Tempered) Chilled
produce a sufficient head to pump the Water Return Water Supply to Beams
supply/recirculated water mixture to the beams.
Pressure
R
Regulator
Condensation prevention strategies
2-way Chilled
Water Valve
As long as the space dew point temperature can be (one per zone)
maintained within a reasonable (+/- 2˚F) range and the To Chilled Beam
chilled water supply temperature is at (or above) the Zones
design value, there should be little concern regarding
condensation on the surfaces of the chilled beams. The Figure 22: Chilled Water Temperature
beam surfaces will never be as cold as the entering
chilled water temperature. In the case of active beams,
Reset Based on Outdoor Dew Point
the constant room airflow across the coil surface will
also provide a drying effect.
Some applications may, however, be subject to periods Chilled Chilled
where room humidity conditions drift or rise due to water
supply T Zone thermostat
water
return
infiltration or other processes that may add significant
unaccounted for moisture to the space. In these cases, Moisture Sensor

the employment of some type of condensation control Isolation

Isolation
valve
strategy may be warranted. There are several methods valve

of condensation prevention control that include the 2 way

on-off
following (and combinations of such): control
valve

• Central monitoring and control

• Zonal monitoring with on/off control
• Zonal monitoring with modulating control
Central dew point monitoring and control involves the
measurement of the outdoor dew point temperature and
control of the chilled water supply temperature in
relation to that. This is an effective method of control for
relatively mild climate applications where operable
windows and/or other sources contribute to excessive
infiltration of outdoor air. The central supply water
temperature can be modulated to remain at (or some
amount above) the outdoor air dew point. Figure 22
illustrates such a method of condensation control.
An alternative method of condensation prevention is the
use of zonal on/off control signaled by moisture sensors
on the zone chilled water connection (see figure 23) .
When moisture forms on the supply water pipe next to
the zone water valve, the zone water flow is shut off
and will not be restored until the moisture has been
Chilled beams within a single thermal zone
Figure 23: Throttling Chilled Water Control
with Moisture Sensor Override
evaporated. Conditioning of the space will be limited to
that provided by the primary airflow until acceptable
humidity conditions allow the chilled water flow to be
resumed. This is an economic and effective method of
condensation control in spaces where such conditions
are not expected to occur frequently. The sensor may
also be used as a signal to increase the flow of primary
air to further dehumidify the space, reducing the time
that the chilled water flow is shut off.

21
Installation and Commissioning

If the maintenance of local thermal conditions is critical, • Conventional (1” wide) inverted tee bar
a zone humidistat may be used to modulate the zone • Narrow (9/16” wide) inverted tee bar
chilled water supply temperature as shown in figure 24.
This requires that each zone fitted for such control be Uni-strut Channels
fitted with a pump capable of recirculating return water bolted to structure
above allows
into the supply circuit of the chilled beam. adjustment along
beam width
Temperature T Chilled Chilled
Sensor
water water
Beam suspended
supply return
Dew Point F Zone Temperature 3 way from channels by
Sensor and Humidity proportional threaded rods
Controller control valve
Factory furnished
Isolation mounting brackets
Pump valves allow adjustment
(2) along beam length

Figure 25: Installation of an Active Beam

• Tubular (9/16” wide) tee bar members

When active beams are intended for mounting in

Chilled beams within a single thermal zone drywall ceiling applications, it is recommended that a
plaster frame (also shown in figure 26) be utilized to
Figure 24: Condensation Protection Using assure a clean transition from the beam to the ceiling
Temperature/Humidity Sensing to Modulate surface.
the Zone Chilled Water Temperature
Integration with
standard 1" wide
INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING (inverted) tee bar grid

Mounting considerations 1"

The weight of chilled beams requires that they be

separately supported, independent of any integrated Integration with narrow
ceiling grid or drywall surface. They are usually 9/16" wide (inverted)
suspended from the structure above by means of tee bar grid
threaded rods or other sufficiently strong support means
that allow the beam‘s position to be vertically adjusted. 9/16"
The beams are usually mounted and connected prior to
the installation of the ceiling grid or drywall. TROX
chilled beams are furnished with a minimum of four (4)
attachment angles whose position can be adjusted Integration with narrow
along the beam length to allow the beam to be
5/16" 9/16" wide tubular type
―dropped‖ into the suspended ceiling grid with which it is
integrated. When integrated with a ceiling grid system grid
or drywall, it is recommended that the beams be
suspended from linear channels (such as uni-strut) that 9/16"
run perpendicular to the beam‘s length, so there is
some adjustability in every direction. Figure 25
illustrates the mounting of active and passive beams.
Integration into dry wall
TROX offers various borders to coordinate DID600 and ceiling using plaster
DID300 series beams with three types of acoustical frame
ceiling grids (illustrated in figure 26):
1"

Figure 26: Integration of Active Beams into

Common Ceiling System Applications

22
 Installation and Commissioning
When active beams are to be used without an adjacent
ceiling surface, TROX recommends that an extended
outer surface be furnished which allows formation of a
Coanda effect that helps direct the discharge air
horizontally and prevent dumping.
Recessed passive chilled beams may also be
integrated with suspension grid systems, but they are
usually mounted above the grid and have no direct
interaction with it. It is recommended that a separation
skirt (see figure 13) be used to separate the two air
streams (warm entering air from cool discharge air) of
the beam. Exposed passive beams are almost always
pendant mounted to the structural slab above and used
without a false ceiling system.
Air and water connections
Connection of the chilled water (and hot water where
applicable) supplies to chilled beams are the
responsibility of the installing contractor. Chilled beams
may be furnished with either ½‖ NPT (threaded) male
connections or with straight pipe (1/2‖ O.D.) ends
appropriate for field soldering. While each coil is factory
tested for leakage, it is important that the beams are at
no time subjected to installation or handling that might
result in bending or otherwise damaging the pipe
connections in any way. All control, balancing and shut
–off valves that may be necessary are also to be
provided and installed by others. Do not over tighten
any threaded connections to the beams.
All chilled water supply piping should be adequately
insulated. Return water piping may be left un-insulated
provided the return water temperature remains above
the dew point of the spaces over which it passes.
Flexible hoses may be used for chilled beam water
connections. These hoses may employ either threaded
or snap lock connectors. TROX USA offers such
threaded connectors as an option. These connectors
are 100% tested and marked with individual
identification numbers. In the event of a failure, the
batch within which they were manufactured can be
readily identified and preemptive remediation can be
performed without concern that all hoses on the job are
subject to failure soon. The normal life of flexible hoses
exceeds fifteen year but can be affected by (among
other things) swings in their operational temperature
and lack of sufficient water treatment.
The connection of the primary air supply duct to active
chilled beams is also the responsibility of the installing
contractor. This connection should include the provision
of at least eight (8) inches of straight sheet metal duct
connected directly to the beam‘s primary air inlet. No
more than five (5) feet of flexible duct should be used to
a
23
connect the beam to the supply air duct and this flexible
duct should not have any excess bends or radius.
Water treatment
It is imperative that there are no corrosive elements in
the secondary water supply to the beams as there are
brass fittings on the coils and/or connection hoses.
Periodic testing of the secondary water circuit on each
floor should be performed to assure that none of these
corrosive elements are present.
Prior to connection to the beams and the chiller plant,
the water pipes should be thoroughly flushed to remove
any impurities that may reside within them. Only after
this purging has occurred should the connections to the
coils and the chiller plant be performed. Additional
information regarding system cleaning may be found in
reference 6.
Once filled by the mechanical contractor, the system
should be dosed with chemicals that prevent bacterial
growth. Typical additives would be a sodium nitrate
inhibitor solution of 1000 parts per million (e.g. Nalcol
90) and a biocide solution of 200 parts per million (e.g.
Nalcol). Reference 6 provides additional information
regarding water treatment.
System Commissioning
TROX provides each beam with vents that are used to
purge air from the water circuit. These vents are located
on the coil‘s intended return header. Prior to
commissioning any air trapped in the pipe work should
be purged from the water circuit through these vents.
A flow measuring device and suitable balancing valve
should be provided for each beam which will enable
adjustment of the chilled water flow rate to each beam
within the thermal zone to its design value. This is
illustrated in figure 20. Where five to six beams are
installed in a reverse-return piping circuit (per figure 19),
there will likely be no need for such measuring devices
and balancing valves.
The primary airflow rate to an active chilled beam can
best be determined by measuring the static pressure
within the pressurized entry plenum and referring to the
calibration chart provided with the beam. TROX
provides an inlet pressure tap (or via the discharge
nozzle) to which a measuring gauge can be connected.
Do not attempt to read the total discharge airflow rate
using a hood or any other device that adds downstream
pressure to the beam as it will reduce the amount of
induction and as such give false readings.
Maintenance

SYSTEM OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE REFERENCES

There are certain operational requirements that must 1. REHVA. 2004. Chilled Beam Application
observed when chilled beam systems are employed in Guidebook.
humid climates. In the event the HVAC system is 2. ASHRAE. 2004 Thermal environmental
disabled on nights and/or weekends, the chilled water con di tio ns for h u man oc cu pa nc y.
supply must remain suspended until the primary air ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2004.
supply has properly dehumidified the space. It is 3. ASHRAE. 2007. ASHRAE Handbook-
recommended that some type of space humidity Applications.
sensing be used to assure that a proper space dew 4. Energie. 2001. Climatic ceilings technical note:
point temperature has been established prior to starting design calculations.
the delivery of chilled water to the space. 5. ASHRAE. 2005. ASHRAE Handbook-
Fundamentals.
If chilled beams are to be used in traffic or lobby areas, 6. BSRIA. 1991. Pre-commission cleaning of
it is important that the space be maintained at a positive water systems. BSRIA Application Guide 8/91.
pressure in order to minimize the infiltration of outdoor 7. ASHRAE. 2004 Ventilation for acceptable
air. In the case of lobby areas, the use of revolving indoor air quality. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard
doors may be warranted. It is also recommended that 62.1-2004.
the beams not be located near any opening doors or
windows in these areas.

Maintenance requirements

Due to their simplicity and lack of moving parts, chilled

beams require little maintenance. In fact, the only
scheduled maintenance with chilled beams involves the
periodic vacuuming of their coil surfaces. Passive
beams generally require that this be done every four to
five years. In the case of active beams, such cleaning is
only required when the face of the unit return section
shows visible dirt. At this time, the primary air nozzles
should be visually inspected and any debris or lint
removed. In all cases, it is recommended that good
filtration be maintained within the air handling unit.

24

CHILLED BEAM SELECTION
PASSIVE BEAM SELECTION AND LOCATION
Selection and location of passive chilled beams is pri-
marily affected by the following parameters:
• Required sensible heat removal
• Allowable chilled water supply temperature
• Horizontal and vertical space restrictions
• Occupant thermal comfort considerations
• Architectural considerations
Chilled water supply and return temperatures
Before a passive beam selection can be made, it is
necessary that an appropriate chilled water supply
temperature be identified. TROX USA recommends that
the chilled water supply temperature to passive beams
be maintained at least 1˚F above the space dew point
temperature in order to assure that condensation does
not occur.
Figure 27 illustrates the ASHRAE psychrometric chart
for moist air at sea level conditions.
Return water temperatures will generally be 3 to 6˚F
higher than the supply water temperature.
Water flow rate and pressure loss considerations
Water flow velocities in excess of 4 feet per second
should be avoided in order to prevent unwanted noise.
Design water flow rates below 0.25 gallons per minute
are not recommended as laminar flow begins to occur
below this flow rate and coil performance may be
reduced. Passive chilled beams should also be selected
such that their water side head loss does not exceed 10
feet of water.
Passive chilled beam performance data
The amount of sensible cooling that can be provided by
an active chilled beam is dependent on all of the factors
listed above. Tables 2 and 3 illustrate the performance
of TROX TCB-1 and TCB-2 series passive chilled
beams. The available beam widths are listed in the
table. The water side pressure loss is illustrated for 4, 6,
8 and 10 foot versions of each beam. The sensible
cooling capacity of each beam is expressed in BTUH
per linear foot of length for various temperature
differentials between entering air and the entering
chilled water supply. This capacity is based on a 6 foot
beam length, a discharge free area of 50% and an
equal inlet free area. It also assumes that the distance
between the beam and any obstacle above it is at least
40% the width of the beam. Table 4 presents correction
a temperature,
25
Passive Beam Selection
factors for other beam lengths and inlet/discharge
conditions.
Passive beam selection procedures
Selection of passive chilled beams should be performed
as follows:
1. Estimate the beam entering air temperature
• If a fully mixed room air distribution
system is being used, the entering air
temperature will equal the room control
temperature.
• If a stratified system is being used, the
entering air temperature may be assumed
to be 2˚F warmer than the room control
temperature.
• When mounted directly above a perimeter
window, the entering air temperature can
be assumed to be 6˚F warmer than the
room temperature.
2. Specify the chilled water supply temperature.
3. Using the temperature difference between the
entering air and chilled water, select a beam
whose width and length will remove the
required amount of sensible heat.
4. Identify the required water flow rate and
pressure loss for the selected beam.
Passive chilled beam selection examples
EXAMPLE 1:
TCB-1 series passive (recessed type) chilled beams are
being used to condition an interior office space that is
120 feet long by 60 feet wide with a sensible heat gain
12 BTUH per square foot. The space is controlled by a
thermostat (at the mid-level of the room) for a dry bulb
temperature of 76˚F and space RH of 50%. A thermal
displacement ventilation system supplies 0.2 CFM per
square foot of pretreated ventilation air at 65˚F.
SOLUTION:
The total sensible heat gain of the space is 8,640
BTUH. The room dew point temperature is 57˚F
therefore a chilled water supply temperature of 58˚F will
be used.
As the displacement ventilation system being used in
conjunction with the beams will crate a stratified room
environment, the beam entering air temperature (and
the return air temperature leaving the space) may be
assumed to be 2˚F warmer than the room control
or in this case 78˚F.
a
Psychrometric Chart

Figure 27: ASHRAE Psychrometric Chart

26
 Passive Beam Performance

ΔPWATER, ft. H2O Sensible Cooling Capacity, (BTUH/LF)

Beam Width (B) Water Flow Rate
(inches) (GPM) Chilled Beam Length, Ft. TROOM - TCWS
4 5 6 8 10 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
0.75 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 216 236 257 278 299 319 340 361
1.00 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.9 243 264 285 305 326 347 367 388
1.25 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.5 2.9 259 280 301 321 342 363 383 404
1.50 2.3 2.5 2.9 3.6 4.2 270 291 301 332 353 374 394 415
1.75 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 278 299 319 340 361 381 402 423
24
2.00 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 284 304 325 346 366 387 408 428
2.25 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 288 309 329 350 371 391 412 433
2.50 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.5 292 312 333 354 374 395 416 437
2.75 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.8 295 315 336 357 377 398 419 439
3.00 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.8 2.1 297 318 338 359 380 400 421 442
0.75 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 211 229 247 264 278 296 315 334
1.00 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.6 232 249 267 284 299 318 337 355
1.25 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.4 244 262 279 297 312 331 350 368
1.50 1.7 2.1 2.3 2.8 3.5 252 270 287 305 321 346 359 377
1.75 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 270 276 293 311 327 216 365 383
20
2.00 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 262 280 298 315 332 351 369 388
2.25 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 266 284 301 319 336 354 373 392
2.50 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 269 286 304 321 339 357 376 395
2.75 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.5 271 288 306 324 341 360 378 397
3.00 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.8 273 290 308 325 343 362 380 399
0.75 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 183 197 212 227 241 256 270 285
1.00 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 197 211 226 240 255 270 284 299
1.25 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.1 2.5 205 220 234 249 263 278 293 307
1.50 1.9 2.2 2.4 3.0 3.6 210 225 240 254 269 283 298 313
1.75 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 214 229 244 258 273 287 302 317
16
2.00 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 217 232 247 261 276 290 305 320
2.25 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 220 234 249 264 278 293 307 322
2.50 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 222 236 251 265 280 295 309 324
2.75 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 223 238 252 267 281 296 311 325
3.00 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 224 239 254 268 283 297 312 327
0.75 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 164 174 185 195 206 217 227 238
1.00 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 172 182 193 204 214 225 235 246
1.25 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.5 177 187 198 208 219 230 240 251
1.50 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.8 2.1 180 191 201 212 222 233 244 254
1.75 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 182 193 203 214 225 235 246 256
12
2.00 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 184 195 205 216 226 237 248 258
2.25 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 185 196 207 217 228 238 249 260
2.50 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 186 197 208 218 229 239 250 261
2.75 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 187 198 209 219 230 240 251 262
3.00 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 188 199 209 220 230 241 252 262

NOTES REGARDING PERFORMANCE DATA:

1. Sensible cooling data is based on a six (6) foot long uncapped beam with a 12" stack height (H), a ceiling free area of 50%
and an air passage width (W) twice the beam width (B) per figure 13.
2. For other beam lengths, ceiling free areas and/or air passage widths see table 4 for correction factors.

Table 2: TCB-1 Passive Beam (One Row Coil) Cooling Performance Data

27
Passive Beam Performance

ΔPWATER, ft. H2O Sensible Cooling Capacity, (BTUH/LF)

Beam Width (B) Water Flow Rate
(inches) (GPM) Chilled Beam Length, Ft. TROOM - TCWS
4 5 6 8 10 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
0.75 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.1 153 194 236 277 318 360 401 442
1.00 3.2 2.3 2.6 3.1 3.7 242 283 324 366 407 448 490 531
1.25 5.0 3.6 4.1 4.8 5.8 295 336 377 418 460 501 542 584
1.50 7.2 5.2 5.9 6.9 8.3 330 371 412 454 495 536 577 619
1.75 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 354 396 437 478 520 561 602 643
24
2.00 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.9 373 415 456 497 539 580 621 662
2.25 1.3 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.4 387 429 470 511 553 594 635 677
2.50 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.5 2.9 399 440 482 523 564 606 647 688
2.75 1.9 2.2 2.4 3.0 3.5 409 450 491 533 574 615 656 698
3.00 2.3 2.6 2.9 3.6 4.2 417 458 499 541 582 623 665 706
0.75 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.7 169 204 239 273 308 343 378 413
1.00 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.7 3.1 232 266 301 336 371 406 440 475
1.25 2.6 3.0 3.4 4.2 4.8 267 302 337 372 407 441 476 511
1.50 3.8 4.3 4.9 6.0 6.9 292 326 361 396 431 466 500 535
1.75 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 309 343 378 413 448 483 517 552
20
2.00 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 322 356 391 426 461 496 530 565
2.25 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.8 332 366 401 436 471 506 540 575
2.50 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.2 340 375 409 444 479 514 549 583
2.75 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.5 2.7 346 381 416 451 486 520 555 590
3.00 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.9 3.2 352 387 422 456 491 526 561 596
0.75 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 168 195 221 247 274 300 326 352
1.00 1.4 1.5 1.7 2.2 2.5 202 228 254 281 307 333 360 386
1.25 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.4 3.9 222 249 275 301 327 354 380 406
1.50 3.0 3.4 3.9 4.9 5.7 235 262 288 314 341 367 393 419
1.75 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 245 272 298 324 350 377 403 429
16
2.00 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.2 252 279 305 331 358 384 410 437
2.25 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 258 284 311 337 363 389 416 442
2.50 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.6 2.0 262 289 315 341 368 394 420 447
2.75 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.4 266 292 319 345 371 398 424 450
3.00 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.4 2.8 269 296 322 348 375 401 427 453
0.75 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.3 153 176 198 221 244 266 289 311
1.00 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.9 2.2 177 199 222 245 267 290 312 335
1.25 1.8 2.0 2.3 3.0 3.5 191 214 237 259 282 304 327 350
1.50 2.5 2.9 3.3 4.3 5.0 201 224 246 269 291 314 337 359
1.75 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 208 231 253 276 298 321 344 366
14
2.00 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.1 213 236 258 281 303 326 349 371
2.25 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.3 217 240 262 285 308 330 353 375
2.50 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.7 220 243 265 288 311 333 356 378
2.75 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.0 223 245 268 291 313 336 358 381
3.00 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.1 2.4 225 248 270 293 315 338 361 383

NOTES REGARDING PERFORMANCE DATA:

1. Sensible cooling data is based on a six (6) foot long uncapped beam with a 12" stack height (H), a ceiling free area of 50%
and an air passage width (W) twice the beam width (B) per figure 13.
2. For other beam lengths, ceiling free areas and/or air passage widths see table 4 for correction factors.

Table 3: TCB-2 Passive Beam (Two Row Coil) Cooling Performance Data

28
 Passive Beam Performance

Beam Length Stack Height Ceiling Panel Free Area Cooling Performance Factor (FC)
(linear ft.) (inches) (%) W = 1.5 x B W = 1.6 x B W = 1.7 x B W = 1.8 x B W = 1.9 x B W = 2.0 x B
30.0% 0.66 0.71 0.75 0.79 0.83 0.83
40.0% 0.72 0.79 0.82 0.87 0.91 0.92
8
50.0% 0.76 0.83 0.87 0.92 0.96 0.96
100.0% 0.80 0.87 0.91 0.96 1.01 1.01
30.0% 0.68 0.74 0.78 0.82 0.86 0.87
40.0% 0.76 0.82 0.86 0.91 0.95 0.96
4 10
50.0% 0.80 0.87 0.91 0.96 1.00 1.01
100.0% 0.84 0.91 0.95 1.00 1.06 1.06
30.0% 0.72 0.78 0.82 0.87 0.91 0.91
40.0% 0.80 0.87 0.91 0.96 1.00 1.01
12
50.0% 0.84 0.91 0.95 1.01 1.06 1.06
100.0% 0.88 0.96 1.00 1.06 1.11 1.11
30.0% 0.62 0.67 0.70 0.74 0.78 0.78
40.0% 0.68 0.74 0.78 0.82 0.86 0.86
8
50.0% 0.72 0.78 0.82 0.86 0.91 0.91
100.0% 0.75 0.82 0.86 0.91 0.95 0.96
30.0% 0.65 0.70 0.74 0.78 0.82 0.82
40.0% 0.71 0.78 0.81 0.86 0.90 0.90
6 10
50.0% 0.75 0.82 0.86 0.90 0.95 0.95
100.0% 0.79 0.86 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.00
30.0% 0.68 0.74 0.77 0.82 0.86 0.86
40.0% 0.75 0.82 0.86 0.90 0.95 0.95
12
50.0% 0.79 0.86 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.00
100.0% 0.83 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.05
30.0% 0.59 0.65 0.68 0.71 0.75 0.75
40.0% 0.66 0.71 0.75 0.79 0.83 0.83
8
50.0% 0.69 0.75 0.79 0.83 0.87 0.87
100.0% 0.72 0.79 0.83 0.87 0.92 0.92
30.0% 0.62 0.67 0.71 0.75 0.78 0.78
40.0% 0.68 0.75 0.78 0.82 0.86 0.87
8 10
50.0% 0.72 0.78 0.82 0.87 0.91 0.91
100.0% 0.76 0.82 0.86 0.91 0.96 0.96
30.0% 0.65 0.71 0.74 0.78 0.82 0.83
40.0% 0.72 0.78 0.82 0.87 0.91 0.91
12
50.0% 0.76 0.83 0.86 0.91 0.96 0.96
100.0% 0.80 0.87 0.91 0.96 1.01 1.01
30.0% 0.57 0.63 0.66 0.69 0.73 0.73
40.0% 0.64 0.69 0.72 0.76 0.80 0.80
8
50.0% 0.67 0.73 0.76 0.80 0.84 0.85
100.0% 0.70 0.76 0.80 0.84 0.89 0.89
30.0% 0.60 0.65 0.68 0.72 0.76 0.76
40.0% 0.66 0.72 0.76 0.80 0.84 0.84
10 10
50.0% 0.70 0.76 0.80 0.84 0.88 0.88
100.0% 0.73 0.80 0.83 0.88 0.93 0.93
30.0% 0.63 0.69 0.72 0.76 0.80 0.80
40.0% 0.70 0.76 0.80 0.84 0.88 0.88
12
50.0% 0.73 0.80 0.84 0.88 0.93 0.93
100.0% 0.77 0.84 0.88 0.93 0.97 0.98

NOTES:
1. Performance tables 2 and 3 are based on a beam stack height of 12‖ and an air passage width of W = 2.0 x B
2. See figure 13 for explanation of air passage widths (W) and heights (Z).

Table 4: Correction Factors for Other Beam Configurations

29
Passive Beam Selection Examples

The sensible heat removal of the ventilation air can then

be calculated as follows:
Blind Box
qVENT = 1.08 x CFMVENT x (TRETURN – TSUPPLY) 8 to 10"
= 1.08 x (0.2 x 720) x (78 – 65)
= 2,021 BTUH

The required sensible heat removal of the beams is the

total sensible heat gain of the space (8,640 BTUH) less
that removed by the air supply (2,021 BTUH) or 6,618
BTUH. 10"
In order to contain the beam and its required inlet area 30"
within a single 2 foot wide ceiling module, it is desired
that 12‖ wide beams be used. Table 2 indicates that
(with a 20˚F temperature differential between the
entering air and chilled water) four 8 foot long beams
with chilled water flow rates of 0.75 GPM could remove Figure 28: Passive Beam Installation for
the required sensible heat. These would be located
uniformly within the space. Example 2

EXAMPLE 2:
A TCB-2 (recessed type) passive beam is to be used
for conditioning a 120 square foot perimeter space
served by a UFAD system. The space design conditions
are 74˚F/55% RH. The space sensible heat gain is 45
BTUH per square foot, 10 BTUH per square foot of
which will be removed by the pretreated air in the UFAD
system. The perimeter exposure is 10 feet long.
SOLUTION:
The beam entering air temperature can be assumed to
be 80˚F. A chilled water supply temperature of 59˚F
(1˚F above the space dew point) has been chosen,
therefore the temperature difference between the
entering air and entering water is 21˚F. The passive
beam selected must be capable of removing 4,200
BTUH (35 BTUH per square foot) of sensible heat. If an
8 foot long beam is to be used, it must remove 525
BTUH per linear foot. According to table 3 (modified per
table 4), either a 24 inch wide beam (at 1.25 GPM) or a
20 inch wide beam (at 2.0 GPM) could be used. The 20
inch beam will be selected as it requires slightly less
space and installed per figure 28.
ACTIVE BEAM SELECTION AND LOCATION
In addition to sensible heat removal and water side
pressure loss effects, active chilled beam selection and
location should also consider acoustical and air side
pressure effects as well as room air distribution
performance and its effect on occupant thermal comfort.
three nozzle sizes. Types A nozzles are the smallest in
diameter, create the highest induction ratios and thus
provide the greatest sensible cooling per CFM of
primary air. Their small diameter however also results in
higher air side pressure losses which limit the primary
airflow rates through the beam. These beams are
commonly used for interior spaces where ventilation
rates are very low compared to the sensible load.
Type C nozzles are the largest in diameter and allow
considerably higher primary airflow rates. Use of type C
nozzles will allow the most sensible cooling per linear
foot of beam of all the nozzles. These beams are most
often used when reasonably high primary airflow rates
are necessary.
Type B nozzles are considerably larger than type A but
still smaller than type C nozzles. Their performance is
thus a compromise between the other two nozzle types.
DID300BU and 600BU series beams offer two nozzle
types. The type G nozzle produces induction ratios
similar to the type A nozzles previously discussed but
with lower pressure drops and noise levels. This is
because the number of nozzles is considerably
increased on the DID300BU and DID600BU beams.
Type M nozzles produce induction ratios that are some
15% higher, but at an additional pressure drop and
noise level.
Table 5 presents a brief comparison of nozzle types.

TROX DID active chilled beams offer a range of air

nozzles that afford the designer to tailor the beam
selection to the space cooling and air distribution
requirements. DID300U and 600U series beams offer

30
 Active Beam Selection

Active Beam Induction Primary Airflow ΔPAIR Secondary Cooling 2 Total Cooling 3
Nozzle Type Nozzle Area in2 1 NC
Series Ratio CFM/LF inches H2O BTUH/LF BTUH/CFM BTUH/LF BTUH/CFM
6.0 0.34 16 265 44.2 396 66.0
7.0 0.47 20 296 42.3 449 64.0
A 0.044 5.3 8.0 0.61 24 324 40.5 498 62.3
9.0 0.77 27 349 38.8 545 60.6
10.0 0.95 30 373 37.3 591 59.1
8.0 0.23 17 284 35.5 458 57.3
10.0 0.35 23 327 32.7 545 54.5
DID-300U B 0.078 4.1 12.0 0.51 28 366 30.5 628 52.3
14.0 0.69 33 402 28.7 707 50.5
16.0 0.90 36 434 27.1 783 48.9
12.0 0.24 23 293 24.4 555 46.3
15.0 0.37 29 338 22.5 665 44.3
C 0.122 3.2 18.0 0.53 34 378 21.0 770 42.8
21.0 0.72 38 414 19.7 871 41.5
24.0 0.94 42 448 18.7 971 40.5
5.0 0.30 <15 330 66.0 438 87.6
6.0 0.43 16 373 62.2 503 83.8
A 0.044 5.3 7.0 0.58 20 414 59.1 565 80.7
8.0 0.76 23 453 56.6 626 78.2
9.0 0.97 26 489 54.3 683 75.9
8.0 0.25 16 385 48.1 558 69.7
10.0 0.40 21 447 44.7 663 66.3
DID-600U B 0.078 4.1 12.0 0.57 26 504 42.0 763 63.6
14.0 0.78 30 557 39.8 859 61.4
16.0 1.01 34 582 36.4 928 58.0
12.0 0.26 21 406 33.8 665 55.4
15.0 0.38 26 463 30.9 787 52.5
C 0.122 3.3 18.0 0.55 31 521 28.9 910 50.5
21.0 0.74 35 576 27.4 1030 49.0
24.0 0.97 38 627 26.1 1145 47.7
5.0 0.30 <15 330 66.0 438 87.6
6.0 0.43 16 373 62.2 503 83.8
M 0.044 5.3 7.0 0.58 20 414 59.1 565 80.7
8.0 0.76 23 453 56.6 626 78.2
9.0 0.97 26 489 54.3 683 75.9
DID-300BU
8.0 0.25 16 385 48.1 558 69.7
10.0 0.40 21 447 44.7 663 66.3
G 0.078 6.1 12.0 0.57 26 504 42.0 763 63.6
14.0 0.78 30 557 39.8 859 61.4
16.0 1.01 34 582 36.4 928 58.0
5.0 0.30 <15 330 66.0 438 87.6
6.0 0.43 16 373 62.2 503 83.8
M 0.044 5.3 7.0 0.58 20 414 59.1 565 80.7
8.0 0.76 23 453 56.6 626 78.2
9.0 0.97 26 489 54.3 683 75.9
DID-600BU
8.0 0.25 16 385 48.1 558 69.7
10.0 0.40 21 447 44.7 663 66.3
G 0.078 6.1 12.0 0.57 26 504 42.0 763 63.6
14.0 0.78 30 557 39.8 859 61.4
16.0 1.01 34 582 36.4 928 58.0

NOTES:
1. Induction ratio is volumetric measure of total supply airflow rate divided by the ducted (primary) airflow rate.
2. Secondary (sensible) cooling is based on a 17?F temperature differential between the room and the entering chilled water (at a 1.5 GPM flow rate).
3. Total (sensible) cooling is the sum of the secondary cooling (defined in note 2) and the primary air contribution based on a 20?F temperature
differential between the room and the entering primary air.

Table 5: Active Beam Nozzle Effects on Primary Airflow Rates and Cooling Capacities

Chilled water supply and return temperatures
Before an active chilled beam selection can be made, it
is necessary that an appropriate chilled water supply
temperature be identified. TROX USA recommends that
the chilled water supply temperature to active beams be
selected and maintained at or above the space dew
point temperature in order to assure that condensation
does not occur.
Return water temperatures will generally be 3 to 6˚F
higher than the supply water temperature.
Water flow rate and pressure loss considerations
Water flow velocities in excess of 4 feet per second
should be avoided in order to prevent unwanted noise.
Design water flow rates below 0.25 gallons per minute
are not recommended as laminar flow begins to occur

31
Active Beam Selection

below this flow rate and coil performance may be
reduced. Passive chilled beams should also be selected
such that their water side head loss does not exceed 10
feet of water.
Air side design considerations
The primary airflow rate to active chilled beams must be
sufficient to maintain proper ventilation of the space7. In
addition, the preconditioning of the primary air delivery
must also enable the primary air to provide adequate
space dehumidification without assistance from the
sensible cooling coil within the beam. When active
beams are applied in humid climates, designing for a
space relative humidity level near 55% will often result
in a more effective application of the chilled beam
system. This is particularly true when the dew point
temperature of the primary air cannot be suppressed
below about 53˚F.
Figure 12 illustrates the relationship between the room
design relative humidity and the primary air dew point
temperature and its effect on the space primary air
requirements.
Another important consideration in the selection and
location of active chilled beams involves the room air
distribution. Figure 15 can be used to predict local
velocities for active chilled beams. In order to prevent
excessive velocities in the occupied zone, it is
recommended that the supply airflow rate (primary plus
induced room air) not be greater than 80 CFM per linear
foot of beam. If the beam being used is a one way
version (also available, call factory for application
information), the supply airflow rate should not exceed
40 CFM per linear foot.
Active beam performance data
Performance data for DID300U, DID600U, DID300BU
and DID600BU active chilled beams are presented in
figures 28 through 46. Table 6 may be used as a
reference to that data.
The cooling capacity nomographs (presented in figures
28, 29, 35, 39 and 43) are all based on beams of six (6)
foot length supplied by primary air whose dry bulb
temperature is 20˚F cooler than the room being
supplies. The chilled water flow rate to the beam is
limited to that (referenced in the nomographs) which will
not exceed a water side pressure loss of ten (10) feet of
water. Cooling performance for each nozzle type is
presented. The primary airflow range for each nozzle is
limited to that which results in primary air side pressure
losses below one (1) inch of water and NC levels below
40 (based on 10dB per octave band room attenuation.
The minimum cooling capacities shown are with no
chilled water contribution and represent the sensible

Beam Type and Piping Configuration

Performance Data Parameter DID300B DID300B DID600U DID300BU DID600BU

(2 Pipe) (4 Pipe) (4 Pipe) ( 2 or 4 Pipe) (2 or 4 Pipe)

Cooling Performance Data

- Sensible Cooling Capacities Figure 32 Figure 33 Figure 39 Figure 43 Figure 47
- Air Side Pressure Loss
- Noise Criterion
Chilled Water Flow Rate Determination Figure 35

Chilled Water Pressure Loss Data Figure 37 Figure 41 Figure 45 Figure 49

Heating Performance Data

- Sensible Heating Capacities NA Figure 34 Figure 40 Figure 44 Figure 48

- Air Side Pressure Loss
- Noise Criterion
Hot Water Flow Rate Determination Figure 36

Hot Water Pressure Loss Data Figure 38 Figure 42 Figure 46 Figure 50

Table 6: Reference to Active Beam Performance Data

32
 Active Beam Selection Examples
cooling provided by the preconditioned primary air
supply.
Use of these nomographs will facilitate the selection of
a nozzle type as well as identify the cooling capacities
of the beam for various differentials between the room
and entering chilled water temperatures.
Similar nomographs (figures 30, 36, 40, and 44) are
provided for heating. For heating applications, it is
assumed that the primary air delivery temperature is
15˚F below that of the room. Again the primary air
ranges for the various nozzles are limited by the air side
pressure loss (less than 1‖ H2O.) and space NC (40)
level. In the case of the heating nomographs, the
shaded are labeled ―Primary Air Cooling‖ represents the
cooling effect of the primary air during periods when the
hot water supply is off.
Both the cooling and heating nomographs include
correction factor tables for other beam lengths.
Corrections should also be made if the room to primary
air temperature differential varies from that assumed by
the nomographs.
The cooling and heating capacities in the nomographs
assume a maximum chilled or hot water flow rate.
Figure 31 may be used to estimate the actual chilled
water flow rate for a given sensible cooling requirement.
Similarly figure 32 may be used to determine actual hot
water flow rates. The use of these tables is illustrated in
the selection examples that follow.
Once the required chilled water flow rate has been
determined, figures 33, 37, 41 and 45 may be used to
estimate the chilled water side pressure loss associated
with the selected flow rate. Figures 34, 38, 42 and 46
can be used to estimate the hot water side pressure
loss for the determined flow rate.
Finally, figure 15 is used to estimate local velocities
associated with the chilled beam selection and
placement.
Active beam selection examples
EXAMPLE 3:
Select and locate DID300U active to condition a large
open office area in a call center. The area considered is
120 feet by 60 feet and houses 72 occupants. The
space sensible load (12.5 BTUH/ft2 or a total of 90,000
BTUH) is comprised as follows:
Occupants: 2.5 BTUH/ ft2
Lighting: 1.5 W/ft2 (5 BTUH/ ft2)
Equipment: 1.5 W/ft2 (5 BTUH/ft2)
33
The space should be designed for a 75˚F dry bulb
temperature and a maximum relative humidity of 55%
corresponding to a dew point temperature of 57.9˚F and
a humidity ratio (W ROOM)of 0.0102 Lbs H2O per Lb DA.
The primary air will be conditioned to a dew point
temperature of 52˚F (corresponding to a humidity ratio
W PRIMARY of 0.0082 Lbs H2O per Lb DA) and delivered at
54˚F. The ceilings are ten (10) feet high.
SOLUTION:
As there are 72 occupants, the chilled beams must not
only remove the space sensible gain, but must also
treat the space latent gain (200 BTUH per person or a
total of 14,400 BTUH) and provide proper space
ventilation. If a ventilation rate of 15 CFM per person is
to be maintained this amounts to a space ventilation
rate of 1,080 CFM.
In order to satisfy the space latent gain, the required
primary airflow rate would be calculated as:
CFMLATENT = qLATENT / 4840 x (W ROOM – W PRIMARY)
= 14,400 / 4840 x (0.0102 – 0.0082)
= 1,488 CFM
The ratio of the sensible heat gain to the primary airflow
rate is therefore 60.5 (90,000 BTUH/1,488 CFM).
Referring to table 5, it would appear that type A nozzles
provide the closest match to this ratio, so they will be
considered. The chilled water supply temperature will
be specified at 58˚F (17˚F below room temperature) in
order to maintain it above the space dew point
temperature.
The DID300U (2 pipe) cooling performance in figure 32
indicates that size 1800 DID300U type A nozzles can
supply 9 CFM of primary air per linear foot at an airside
pressure loss of about 0.75 inches H2O maintaining an
NC level below 30. With a 17˚F temperature difference
between the room and the entering chilled water this will
provide approximately 550 BTUH per linear foot of
sensible cooling.
As such the space could be conditioned by 28 type
DID300B/1800 beams (total length of 168 feet) using A
nozzles. The primary airflow rate would be equal to the
minimum airflow rate required to provide latent cooling
or 53 CFM per beam (8.8 CFM per linear foot). The
sensible cooling contribution would be 3,238 BTUH per
beam. As the required chilled water flow rate would be
near 1.4 GPM, the water side pressure drop would be
approximately 7.3 feet of water per figure 37.
Figure 29 illustrates the layout for the beams. The
beams are placed on 16 foot centers with respect to
their opposing blows. Referring to figure 15, this would
correspond to an A/2 of 8 feet. The supply (primary
plus induced) airflow rate would be approximately 47
Active Beam Selection Examples
(8.8 x 5.3) CFM per linear foot. At this supply airflow
rate and beam spacing, the velocity at the head level of
a seated occupant (4 feet) would be less than 30 FPM.
Alternatively, type B nozzles could have been chosen
for these beams. A DID300U/1800 beam can handle
up to 13 CFM of primary air per linear foot at an NC of
30 and an air side pressure drop of 0.60 inches H2O. At
this primary air flow rate (and a maximum chilled water
flow rate of 1.4 GPM), this beam is capable of providing
675 BTUH/LF of sensible cooling (see figure 32). The
space sensible cooling could therefore be accomplished
by 23 such beams, each handling 78 CFM each (a total
supply airflow to the space of 1,794 CFM). As this is an
odd number of beams, 24 (144 LF) would instead be
used with a primary air flow rate of 12.5 CFM per linear
foot and providing some 3,750 BTUH/LF of sensible
cooling each. While slightly reducing the number of
beams, this selection would result in a primary airflow
rate to the space that is some 20% above that required
for the space ventilation and dehumidification.
Had a conventional all air system delivering 55˚F air
been utilized, the primary (ducted) airflow requirement
would have been calculated as:
CFM = qSENSIBLE / 1.09 x (TROOM – TSUPPLY)
= 90,000 / (1.09 x 20)
= 4,128 CFM
The use of active chilled beams (with type A nozzles)
would therefore result in a 64% reduction in the ducted
airflow rate to the space!
18 feet
(Typ.)
Figure 29: Chilled Beam Layout for Selection Example 3
34
EXAMPLE 4:
DID600BU beams are to be used to condition (heat and
cool) a private (single occupant) perimeter office (12
feet by 10 feet) whose sensible cooling requirement is
45 BTUH per square foot. The latent gain includes 500
BTUH due to infiltration. The net sensible heating
requirement of the space is 20 BTUH per square foot.
The ceiling height is ten (10) feet. The summer design
conditions are 75˚F with a maximum RH of 55% (W =
0.0102 LBM H2O per pound dry air, dew point
temperature of 57.8˚F) Winter design conditions are
70˚F. Primary air will be delivered at 55˚F with a dew
point temperature of 52˚F (W = 0.0082 LBM H 2O per
pound dry air).
As the perimeter wall is only ten (10) feet long, the
beam length must not exceed eight (8) feet. The room
NC shall not exceed 30.
SOLUTION:
First, space dehumidification requirements must be
identified. The primary airflow rate required to
dehumidify the space is calculated as:
CFMLATENT = qLATENT / 4840 x (W ROOM – W PRIMARY)
= 700 / 4840 x (0.0102 – 0.0082)
= 72 CFM
This airflow rate will be higher than that required to
ventilate the space. As the space dew point
temperature is 57.8˚F, a chilled water supply
a
16 feet
(Typ.)
 Active Beam Selection Examples
temperature of 58˚F will be used, resulting in a 17˚F
differential between the room and entering chilled water
temperature.
The space sensible cooling load is 5,400 (120 x 45)
BTUH. Figure 47 illustrates the sensible cooling
performance of the DID600BU beams. If the room NC is
to be limited to 30, a size 1800 beam with type G
nozzles and a primary airflow rate of 16 CFM/LF will be
considered. With a 17˚F differential between the room
and entering chilled water temperatures, this beam is
capable of supplying 750 BTUH/LF of sensible cooling.
This results in a total sensible cooling of 4,500 BTUH,
less than the required amount.
A size 2400 beam can deliver 14 CFM/LF of primary air
at NC 30 (NC correction per the corrections table) and
an inlet static pressure of about 0.45 inches of H2O.
The sensible cooling provided will be 0.98 times that
shown in the nomograph for the size 1800 at the same
primary airflow rate (CFM/LF), or 686 (700 x 0.98)
BTUH/LF. The total sensible cooling provided by the
size 2400 beam is thus 5,488 BTUH at a primary airflow
rate of 112 CFM. The total (primary plus induced)
airflow rate to will be 594 (112 x 5.3) CFM, or 74
CFM/LF. The water side pressure drop is determined by
figure 46 is approximately 4.7 feet of H2O.
Sensible heating of the space should be accomplished
at the same airflow rate and a supply to room air
differential not to exceed 15˚F per ASHRAE
recommendations for overhead heating. The following
equation can be used to make a quick check of the
beams maximum net heating capacity:
qHEAT = 1.09 x CFMSUPPLY x (TROOM – TSUPPLY)
= 1.09 x 594 x 15
= 9,711 BTUH
The sensible heating requirement of the room is only
2,400 BTUH (120 x 20) or 300 BTUH/LF of beam. The
beam selection will be acceptable for heating as well.
Figure 48 is a nomograph illustrating the DID600BU
heating performance. The net heating capacity of the
beam (at a hot water flow rate of 1.5 GPM) using 110˚F
hot water is about 495 (510 x 0.97) BTUH/LF. Figure 32
indicates that this heating (FHWS = 0.61) could be
accomplished at a hot water flow rate of 1.37 (1.5 x
0.91) GPM.
As the beams are being used for both cooling and
heating, their placement in proximity to the outside wall
is imperative. The beam has been sized to supply 594
CFM (or about 75 CFM/LF) to the space. Referring to
figure 15, placement of the beams anywhere from five
to six feet from the perimeter will satisfy both modes.
35
EXAMPLE 5:
DID600U beams are to be used for a heat driven
laboratory application. The laboratory module is 30 by
20 feet (600 ft2) with ten (10) foot ceilings. The space
sensible cooling load is 70 BTUH/ft2 while the total
space latent load is 2,000 BTUH. Code requires that a
minimum air change rate of at least 6 ACH-1 be
maintained, but 8 ACH-1 will be required due to the
presence of fume hoods within the space. The velocity
at the top of the hood sash (6 foot level) cannot exceed
60 FPM in order to avoid the possible entrainment of
fumes from the hoods. The design conditions within the
laboratory are 75˚F/50% RH (W = 0.0092 LBM H2O per
pound dry air, dew point temperature of 55.2˚F). The
NC shall not exceed 40 nor shall the primary air
pressure drop exceed 1.0 inches H2O.
The primary air supply is delivered at 55˚F with a dew
point temperature of 52˚F (W = 0.0082 LBM H 2O per
pound dry air). The beams are to be located directly
above the work benches in order to capture the most
sensible heat. Figure 30 illustrates the bench layout for
the lab.
SOLUTION:
As the space dew point temperature is 55.2˚F, a 56˚F
chilled water supply temperature will be used, resulting
in a 19˚F temperature differential between the room air
and the entering chilled water.
The minimum primary air delivery to the space for
ventilation purposes is 8 ACH-1, or 800 CFM. The
amount of primary air required to satisfy the space
latent load may be calculated as:
CFMLATENT = qLATENT / 4840 x (W ROOM – W PRIMARY)
= 2,000 / 4840 x (0.0092 – 0.0082)
= 413 CFM
As this is less than the ventilation requirement, the
minimum primary airflow delivery will be 800 CFM.
The total space sensible load is 42,000 BTUH. Ideally,
the beam selected should provide 52.5 (42,000 / 800)
BTUH of sensible cooling per CFM of primary air.
The primary air requirement (800 CFM) could be met by
using 8 DID600U/1800 beams with C nozzles handling
100 CFM (16.7 CFM/LF) of primary air each. According
to figure 39, this would provide about 900 BTUH/LF (or
53.9 BTUH/CFM primary air) of sensible cooling with
entering chilled water 19˚F below the room air supplied
at a flow rate of 1.4 GPM. This sensible cooling (43,200
BTUH) is sufficient to offset the space requirement of
42,000 BTUH. Figure 31 shows a layout of the beam
selection.
Active Beam Selection Examples

LABORATORY BENCH LABORATORY BENCH

20 feet A 10 feet

LABORATORY BENCH LABORATORY BENCH

30 feet

Figure 30: Laboratory Used for Example 5

The beams are to be located directly above the
benches so the on center spacing (A) between the
beams will be ten (10) feet. The total supply (primary
plus induced) airflow delivery of the beams will be 2,560
(800 x 3.2) CFM or 53 CFM/LF of beam. Referring to
figure 15, such a placement (A/2 = 5 feet) would result
in a maximum velocity of about 47 FPM at the six foot
level of the space, less than the maximum of 60 FPM
prescribed for the fume hoods.
In order to satisfy the space sensible gain, an all air
system delivering 55˚F air would require the following:
CFM = qSENSIBLE / 1.09 x (TROOM – TSUPPLY)
= 42,000 / (1.09 x 20)
= 1,926 CFM or 19.26 ACH-1
This is 2.4 times that required by the chilled beam
solution!

T Space Thermostat

CWS

20 feet 10 feet
CWR

DID600U/1800C
typical of 8

30 feet

Figure 31: Chilled Beam Layout for Example 5

36
 Chilled Beam Specifications - TCB
CHILLED BEAM SPECIFICATIONS
The following specifications prepared in CSI format are
suggested for the recessed passive chilled beams and
the active chilled beams described in this design guide.
For specifications on other products mentioned, please
contact TROX USA.
TCB Series (Recessed) Passive Chilled Beam
PART 1- GENERAL
1.01 Summary
This section describes the passive chilled beams.
1.02 Submittals
Submit product data for all items complete with the
following information:
1) Operating weights and dimensions of
assembled units.
2) Performance data, including sensible
cooling capacities, water flow rates, and
water pressure losses.
3) Construction details including
manufacturers recommendations for
installation, mounting and connection.
PART 2- PRODUCTS
2.01 General
Materials and products required for the work of this
section shall not contain asbestos, polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCB) or other hazardous materials
identified by the engineer or owner.
Approved Manufacturers:
These specifications set forth the minimum
requirements for the passive chilled beams to be
accepted for this project. Products provided by the
following manufacturers will be deemed acceptable
provided they meet all of the construction and
performance requirements of this specification:
1. TROX
2.02 Design
1) Furnish and install TROX TCB series passive
chilled beams of sizes and capacities
indicated on the drawings and within the
mechanical equipment schedules. The beams
shall be constructed and delivered to the job
site as single units (unless specified
otherwise).
37
2) The beams shall consist of a 18 gauge
galvanized steel housing encasing the integral
sensible cooling coil. The casing and coil shall
have a matt black finish. The (stack) height of
housing shall be as indicated on the
equipment schedule and shall be made up of
a combination of the metal casing and fabric
skirt. A fabric skirt shall be factory attached to
the housing to prevent short circuiting of the
air streams entering and leaving the beam.
The skirt shall extend to within ¼‖ of the
suspended ceiling surface below it. The
separation skirt shall be constructed of
materials compliant with NFPA90A for both
smoke generation and flame spread. Skirts
that use a ‗Duct Connector‘ material, which as
duct connectors do not have to meet the
smoke generation requirements of the test,
are not acceptable in this application.
3) The chilled water coil shall be manufactured
with seamless copper tubing (⅝‖ outside
diameter) with minimum .02 inch wall
thickness mechanically fixed to aluminum fins.
The aluminum fins (minimum thickness of
.0095 inches) shall be spaced at least ¼‖ on
center and shall be drawn and affixed to the
copper tubes such that none of the tubing
surface is visible. The beam shall have a
working pressure of at least 300 PSI, be
factory tested for leakage at a minimum
pressure of 360 PSI. Each chilled beam shall
be provided with factory integrated drain and
vent fittings.
4) The chilled water coil shall be provided with ½‖
NPT male threaded fittings where specified.
These fittings must be suitable for field
connection to a similar (½‖ NPT) female
flexible hose. If not otherwise specified, coil
connections shall be bare copper for field
sweating to the water supply circuit.
Connections shall be furnished on the end of
the beam and shall be at least 1½‖ long to
facilitate field connection.
5) Beams shall be delivered clean, flushed and
capped to prevent ingress of dirt.
2.03 Performance
1) All performance shall be as listed in
mechanical schedule.
2) Sensible cooling capacities shall be
established by testing according to DIN
Standard 4715. Manufacturer shall submit
written documentation that testing has been
performed to this standard.
3) Chilled water flow rates to the beams shall be
limited to that which results in a ten (10) foot
A
Chilled Beam Specifications—DID300U
head loss. Water flow velocities through the
beam shall not exceed 4 FPS.
PART 3- EXECUTION
3.02 Installation
1) Coordinate the size, tagging and capacity of
the beams to their proper location.
2) The chilled beams shall be independently
suspended from the structure above by a six
(6) threaded rods of ⅜‖ diameter. The rods
shall be fixed to mounting holes in the beam
housing located 2¾‘ from each end and at the
center of the beam. Beam shall be leveled
horizontally.
3) An adequate free area (minimum 50%) shall
be assured beneath the beam as well as
adjacent to it. The ceiling surface for ½ the
beam width on each side shall also have a
free area of 50%.
4) Separation skirt shall be field cut by acoustical
ceiling contractor to assure that it covers the
vertical gap between the beam housing and
the ceiling to within ¼‖. It shall also be cut and
trimed around the celing support system to
minimize any air gaps.
5) Before connecting the beams, contractor shall
flush chilled water piping system to assure that
all debris and other matter have been
removed.
6) Contractor shall perform connection of beams
to the chilled water circuit by method specified
(hard connection using sweated connection or
connection using flexible hoses.
7) Flexible connector hoses shall be furnished by
others (optionally by the manufacturer). Hoses
shall be twenty four (24) inches in length and
suitable for operation with a bend radius as
small as five (5) inches. Such hoses shall be
100% tested and certified for no leakage at
500 PSI. Connector hoses shall consist of a
PFTE lined hose with a wire braided jacket.
The hoses shall be suitable for operation in an
environment between -40 and 200˚F and rated
for a minimum working pressure of 2000 PSI
and a bursting pressure of 8000 PSI.
8) Contractor shall assure that the chilled water
supplying the beams has been properly
a
38
treated in accordance to BSRIA publication
AG 2/93.
9) No power or direct control connections shall
be required for the operation of the chilled
beam.
3.03 Cleaning and Protection
1) Protect units before, during and after
installation. Damaged material due to
improper site protection shall be cause for
rejection.
2) Clean equipment, repair damaged finishes as
required to restore beams to as-new
appearance.
DID300U Active Chilled Beams
PART 1- GENERAL
1.01 Summary
This section describes the active chilled beams.
1.02 Submittals
Submit product data for all items complete with the
following information:
1) Operating weights and dimensions of all
unit assemblies.
2) Performance data, including sensible
cooling capacities, nozzle types, primary
and total supply (primary plus induced)
airflow rates, chilled (and where
applicable hot) water flow rates, noise
levels in octave bands, air and water side
pressure losses and supply air throw
values.
3) Construction details including
manufacturers recommendations for
installation, mounting and connection.
PART 2- PRODUCTS
2.01 General
Materials and products required for the work of this
section shall not contain asbestos, polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCB) or other hazardous materials
identified by the engineer or owner.
Approved Manufacturers:
 Chilled Beam Specifications - DID300U
These specifications set forth the minimum
requirements for the active chilled beams to be
accepted for this project. Products provided by the
following manufacturers will be deemed acceptable
provided they meet all of the construction and
performance requirements of this specification:
1. TROX
2.02 Design
1) Furnish and install TROX DID300U series
active chilled beams of sizes, capacities and
nozzle types as indicated on the drawings and
within the mechanical equipment schedules.
The beams shall be constructed and delivered
to the job site as single units.
2) The face of the beam shall consist of a room
air induction section of 50% free area
perforated steel flanked by two linear supply
slots bordered by aluminum extrusions. The
entire visible face section shall be finished in
white powder coat paint or as specified by the
architect.
3) Beams shall be provided with side and end
details which will allow its integration into the
applicable acoustical ceiling grid as specified
by the architect.
4) The beams shall consist of a minimum 22
gauge galvanized steel housing encasing the
2 vertical integral sensible cooling coils and a
plenum feeing a series of induction nozzles. A
side mounted connection spigot shall afford
the connection of a five (5) inch diameter
primary supply air duct to the beam. The
inside and outside surfaces of the housing and
inlet spigot shall be finished with black powder
coat paint.
5) Each beam shall be provided with a pressure
tap (or nozzle) that may be used to measure
the pressure differential between the primary
air plenum and the room. An airflow calibration
chart or data which relates this pressure
differential reading with the primary and beam
supply airflow rates shall also be provided by
the beam manufactuer
6) (OPTIONAL) Each beam shall be furnished
with a volume flow limiter for mounting in its
inlet connection. This device shall allow field
adjustment of a maximum primary air flow rate
independent of any static pressure changes in
the inlet ductwork. Volume flow limiter shall
add no more than 0.15 inches H2O pressure
drop to the primary air delivery system and
shall not require any control or power
connections.
7) When furnished in a 2 pipe configuration, the
assembly shall contain two (2) separate chilled
water coils are joined together via a manifold
a
39
arrangement on the coil ends such that they
have a single supply and return connections.
Four pipe connections shall require separate
connections for their chilled and hot water
supply. The coils shall be mounted vertically to
allow provision of condensate trays directly
beneath them. The coils shall be manufactured
with seamless copper tubing (½‖ outside
diameter) with minimum .016 inch wall
thickness mechanically fixed to aluminum fins.
The aluminum fins shall be limited to no more
than eight (8) fins per inch. The beam shall
have a working pressure of at least 300 PSI,
be factory tested for leakage at a minimum
pressure of 360 PSI. Each chilled beam shall
be provided with factory integrated drain and
vent fittings.
8) The chilled water coil shall be provided with ½‖
NPT male threaded fittings where specified.
These fittings must be suitable for field
connection to a similar (½‖ NPT) female
flexible hose. If not otherwise specified, coil
connections shall be bare copper for field
sweating to the water supply circuit.
Connections shall be furnished near the (left or
right) end of the beam on the side of the beam
where the air connection is located and shall
be at least 1½‖ long to facilitate field
connection (by others).
9) Beams shall be delivered clean, flushed and
capped to prevent ingress of dirt.
2.03 Performance
1) All performance shall be in compliance with
that shown on the equipment schedule.
Acoustical testing shall have been performed
in accordance with ANSI S12.51.
2) Hydronic cooling capacities shall be
established by testing according to DIN
Standard 4715. Manufacturer shall submit
documentation that testing has been
performed to this standard. Coils shall be
rated in accordance with ARI Standard 410.
3) Primary airflow rates shall not result in supply
(primary plus induced) airflow rates in excess
of 80 CFM per linear foot of beam.
4) Chilled water flow rates to the beams shall be
limited to that which results in a ten (10) foot
head loss. Water flow velocities through the
beam shall not exceed 4 FPS.
PART 3- EXECUTION
3.02 Installation
1) Coordinate the size, tagging and capacity of
the beams to their proper location.
Chilled Beam Specifications - DID600U

2) Chilled beams up to six feet in length shall be DID600U Active Chilled Beams
independently suspended from the structure
above by a four (4) threaded rods of ⅜‖
diameter. For beams beyond six feet in length,
PART 1- GENERAL
six (6) threaded rods of ⅜‖ diameter shall be
2.01 Summary
provided. The upper end of the rods shall be
suspended from uni-strut channels that are a)
This section describes the active chilled beams.
mounted perpendicular to the beam length and
b) at least four inches wider than the beam.
2.01 Submittals
The rods shall be fixed to factory furnished
mounting brackets on the beam such that the
Submit product data for all items complete with the
beam can be repositioned along its length. The
following information:
uni-strut channel shall allow adjustment
perpendicular to the beam length. The beam
1) Operating weights and dimensions of all
shall then be positioned into the acoustical
unit assemblies.
ceiling grid and leveled horizontally by
2) Performance data, including sensible
adjusting the nuts connecting the threaded
cooling capacities, nozzle types, primary
rods to the beam
and total supply (primary plus induced)
3) Before connecting the supply water system(s)
airflow rates, chilled (and where
to the beams, contractor shall flush the piping
applicable hot) water flow rates, noise
system(s) to assure that all debris and other
levels in octave bands, air and water side
matter have been removed.
pressure losses and supply air throw
4) Contractor shall perform connection of beams
values.
to the chilled water circuit by method specified
3) Construction details including
(hard connection using sweated connection or
manufacturers recommendations for
connection using flexible hoses.
installation, mounting and connection.
5) Flexible connector hoses shall be furnished by
others (optionally by the manufacturer). Hoses
shall be twenty four (24) inches in length and PART 2- PRODUCTS
suitable for operation with a bend radius as
small as five (5) inches. Such hoses shall be 2.01 General
100% tested and certified for no leakage at
500 PSI. Connector hoses shall consist of a Materials and products required for the work of this
PFTE lined hose with a wire braided jacket. section shall not contain asbestos, polychlorinated
The hoses shall be suitable for operation in an biphenyls (PCB) or other hazardous materials iden-
environment between -40 and 200˚F and rated tified by the engineer or owner.
for a minimum working pressure of 2000 PSI
and a bursting pressure of 8000 PSI. Approved Manufacturers:
6) Contractor shall assure that the chilled water
supplying the beams has been properly These specifications set forth the minimum re-
treated in accordance to BSRIA publication AG quirements for the active chilled beams to be ac-
2/93. cepted for this project. Products provided by the
7) No power or direct control connections shall be following manufacturers will be deemed acceptable
required for the operation of the chilled beam. provided they meet all of the construction and per-
formance requirements of this specification:
3.04 Cleaning and Protection
1. TROX
1) Protect units before, during and after
installation. Damaged material due to improper 2.02 Design
site protection shall be cause for rejection.
2) Clean equipment, repair damaged finishes as 1) Furnish and install TROX DID600U series
required to restore beams to as-new active chilled beams of sizes, capacities and
appearance. nozzle types as indicated on the drawings and
within the mechanical equipment schedules.
The beams shall be constructed and delivered
to the job site as single units.
2) The face of the beam shall consist of a room
air induction section of 50% free area
a

40
 Chilled Beam Specifications - DID600U
perforated steel flanked by two linear supply
slots bordered by aluminum extrusions. The
entire visible face section shall be finished in
white powder coat paint or as specified by the
architect.
3) Beams shall be provided with side and end
details which will allow its integration into the
applicable (24 inch wide) acoustical ceiling grid
as specified by the architect.
4) The beams shall consist of a minimum 22
gauge galvanized steel housing encasing the
integral sensible cooling coil and a plenum
feeing a series of induction nozzles. A side
mounted connection spigot shall afford the
connection of a five (5) inch diameter primary
supply air duct to the beam. The inside and
outside surfaces of the housing and inlet
spigot shall be finished with black powder coat
paint. The overall height of the beam shall not
exceed nine (9) inches.
5) Each beam shall be provided with a pressure
tap (or nozzle) that may be used to measure
the pressure differential between the primary
air plenum and the room. An airflow calibration
chart or data which relates this pressure
differential reading with the primary and beam
supply airflow rates shall also be provided by
the beam manufacturer
6) (OPTIONAL) Each beam shall be furnished
with a volume flow limiter for mounting in its
inlet connection. This device shall allow field
adjustment of a maximum primary air flow rate
independent of any static pressure changes in
the inlet ductwork. Volume flow limiter shall
add no more than 0.15 inches H2O pressure
drop to the primary air delivery system and
shall not require any control or power
connections.
7) Beams shall be provided with connections that
accommodate both 2 and 4 pipe operation.
Four pipe configurations shall require separate
supply and return connections for chilled and
hot water. The coils shall be mounted
horizontally and shall be manufactured with
seamless copper tubing (½‖ outside diameter)
with minimum .016 inch wall thickness
mechanically fixed to aluminum fins. The
aluminum fins shall be limited to no more than
eight (8) fins per inch. The beam shall have a
working pressure of at least 300 PSI, be
factory tested for leakage at a minimum
pressure of 360 PSI. Each chilled beam shall
be provided with factory integrated drain and
vent fittings.
9) The chilled water coil shall be provided with ½‖
NPT male threaded fittings where specified.
These fittings must be suitable for field
connection to a similar (½‖ NPT) female
flexible hose. If not otherwise specified, coil
a matter have been removed.
41
connections shall be bare copper for field
sweating to the water supply circuit.
Connections shall face upwards, be located
near the left end of the beam (when viewing
into the primary air connection spigot and shall
be at least 1½‖ long to facilitate field
connection (by others).
9) Beams shall be delivered clean, flushed and
capped to prevent ingress of dirt.
2.03 Performance
1) All performance shall be in compliance with
that shown on the equipment schedule.
Acoustical testing shall have been performed
in accordance with ANSI S12.51.
2) Hydronic cooling capacities shall be
established by testing according to DIN
Standard 4715. Manufacturer shall submit
documentation that testing has been
performed to this standard. Coils shall be rated
in accordance with ARI Standard 410.
3) Primary airflow rates shall not result in supply
(primary plus induced) airflow rates in excess
of 80 CFM per linear foot of beam.
4) Chilled water flow rates to the beams shall be
limited to that which results in a ten (10) foot
head loss. Water flow velocities through the
beam shall not exceed 4 FPS.
PART 3- EXECUTION
3.01 Installation
1) Coordinate the size, tagging and capacity of
the beams to their proper location.
2) Chilled beams up to six feet in length shall be
independently suspended from the structure
above by a four (4) threaded rods of ⅜‖
diameter. For beams beyond six feet in length,
six (6) threaded rods of ⅜‖ diameter shall be
provided. The upper end of the rods shall be
suspended from uni-strut channels that are a)
mounted perpendicular to the beam length and
b) at least four inches wider than the beam.
The rods shall be fixed to factory furnished
mounting brackets on the beam such that the
beam can be repositioned along its length. The
uni-strut channel shall allow adjustment
perpendicular to the beam length. The beam
shall then be positioned into the acoustical
ceiling grid and leveled horizontally by
adjusting the nuts connecting the threaded
rods to the beam
3) Before connecting the supply water system(s)
to the beams, contractor shall flush the piping
system(s) to assure that all debris and other
Chilled Beam Specifications - DID300BU
4) Contractor shall perform connection of beams
to the chilled water circuit by method specified
(hard connection using sweated connection or
connection using flexible hoses.
5) Flexible connector hoses shall be furnished by
others (optionally by the manufacturer). Hoses
shall be twenty four (24) inches in length and
suitable for operation with a bend radius as
small as five (5) inches. Such hoses shall be
100% tested and certified for no leakage at
500 PSI. Connector hoses shall consist of a
PFTE lined hose with a wire braided jacket.
The hoses shall be suitable for operation in an
environment between -40 and 200˚F and rated
for a minimum working pressure of 2000 PSI
and a bursting pressure of 8000 PSI.
6) Contractor shall assure that the chilled water
supplying the beams has been properly
treated in accordance to BSRIA publication AG
2/93.
7) No power or direct control connections shall be
required for the operation of the chilled beam.
3.05 Cleaning and Protection
1) Protect units before, during and after
installation. Damaged material due to improper
site protection shall be cause for rejection.
2) Clean equipment, repair damaged finishes as
required to restore beams to as-new
appearance.
DID300BU Active Chilled Beams
PART 1- GENERAL
1.05 Summary
This section describes the active chilled beams.
1.06 Submittals
Submit product data for all items complete with the
following information:
1) Operating weights and dimensions of all unit
assemblies.
2) Performance data, including sensible cooling
capacities, nozzle types, primary and total
supply (primary plus induced) airflow rates,
chilled (and where applicable hot) water flow
rates, noise levels in octave bands, air and
water side pressure losses and supply air
throw values.
42
3) Construction details including manufacturers
recommendations for installation, mounting
and connection.
PART 2- PRODUCTS
2.01 General
Materials and products required for the work of this
section shall not contain asbestos, polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCB) or other hazardous materials
identified by the engineer or owner.
Approved Manufacturers:
These specifications set forth the minimum
requirements for the active chilled beams to be
accepted for this project. Products provided by the
following manufacturers will be deemed acceptable
provided they meet all of the construction and
performance requirements of this specification:
1. TROX
2.02 Design
1) Furnish and install TROX DID300BU series
active chilled beams of sizes, capacities and
nozzle types as indicated on the drawings and
within the mechanical equipment schedules.
The beams shall be constructed and delivered
to the job site as single units.
2) The face of the beam shall consist of a room
air induction section of 50% free area
perforated steel flanked by two linear supply
slots. The entire visible face section shall be
finished in white powder coat paint or as
specified by the architect.
3) Beams shall be provided with side and end
details which will allow its integration into the
applicable (nominal 12 inch wide) acoustical
ceiling grid as specified by the architect.
4) The beams shall consist of a minimum 22
gauge galvanized steel housing encasing the
integral sensible cooling coil and a plenum
feeing a series of induction nozzles. A side
mounted connection spigot shall afford the
connection of a five (5) inch diameter primary
supply air duct to the beam. The inside and
outside surfaces of the housing and inlet
spigot shall be finished with black powder coat
paint. The overall height of the beam shall not
exceed 8½ inches.
5) Each beam shall be provided with a pressure
tap (or nozzle) that may be used to measure
the pressure differential between the primary
air plenum and the room. An airflow calibration
chart or data which relates this pressure
a
 Chilled Beam Specifications - DID300BU
differential reading with the primary and beam
supply airflow rates shall also be provided by
the beam manufacturer
6) (OPTIONAL) Each beam shall be furnished
with a volume flow limiter for mounting in its
inlet connection. This device shall allow field
adjustment of a maximum primary air flow rate
independent of any static pressure changes in
the inlet ductwork. Volume flow limiter shall
add no more than 0.15 inches H2O pressure
drop to the primary air delivery system and
shall not require any control or power
connections.
7) Beams shall be provided with connections for
either 2 or 4 pipe operation. Four pipe
configurations shall require separate supply
and return connections for chilled and hot
water. The coils shall be mounted horizontally
and shall be manufactured with seamless
copper tubing (½‖ outside diameter) with
minimum .016 inch wall thickness
mechanically fixed to aluminum fins. The
aluminum fins shall be limited to no more than
eight (8) fins per inch. The beam shall have a
working pressure of at least 300 PSI, be
factory tested for leakage at a minimum
pressure of 360 PSI. Each chilled beam shall
be provided with factory integrated drain and
vent fittings.
8) The chilled water coil shall be provided with ½‖
NPT male threaded fittings where specified.
These fittings must be suitable for field
connection to a similar (½‖ NPT) female
flexible hose. If not otherwise specified, coil
connections shall be bare copper for field
sweating to the water supply circuit.
Connections shall face upwards, be located
near the left end of the beam (when viewing
into the primary air connection spigot and shall
be at least 1½‖ long to facilitate field
connection (by others).
9) Beams shall be delivered clean, flushed and
capped to prevent ingress of dirt.
2.03 Performance
1) All performance shall be in compliance with
that shown on the equipment schedule.
Acoustical testing shall have been performed
in accordance with ANSI S12.51.
2) Hydronic cooling capacities shall be
established by testing according to DIN
Standard 4715. Manufacturer shall submit
documentation that testing has been
performed to this standard. Coils shall be
rated in accordance with ARI Standard 410.
43
3) Primary airflow rates shall not result in supply
(primary plus induced) airflow rates in excess
of 80 CFM per linear foot of beam.
4) Chilled water flow rates to the beams shall be
limited to that which results in a ten (10) foot
head loss. Water flow velocities through the
beam shall not exceed 4 FPS.
PART 3- EXECUTION
3.02 Installation
1) Coordinate the size, tagging and capacity of
the beams to their proper location.
2) Chilled beams up to six feet in length shall be
independently suspended from the structure
above by a four (4) threaded rods of ⅜‖
diameter. For beams beyond six feet in length,
six (6) threaded rods of ⅜‖ diameter shall be
provided. The upper end of the rods shall be
suspended from uni-strut channels that are a)
mounted perpendicular to the beam length
and b) at least four inches wider than the
beam. The rods shall be fixed to factory
furnished mounting brackets on the beam
such that the beam can be repositioned along
its length. The uni-strut channel shall allow
adjustment perpendicular to the beam length.
The beam shall then be positioned into the
acoustical ceiling grid and leveled horizontally
by adjusting the nuts connecting the threaded
rods to the beam
3) Before connecting the supply water system(s)
to the beams, contractor shall flush the piping
system(s) to assure that all debris and other
matter have been removed.
4) Contractor shall perform connection of beams
to the chilled water circuit by method specified
(hard connection using sweated connection or
connection using flexible hoses.
5) Flexible connector hoses shall be furnished by
others (optionally by the manufacturer). Hoses
shall be twenty four (24) inches in length and
suitable for operation with a bend radius as
small as five (5) inches. Such hoses shall be
100% tested and certified for no leakage at
500 PSI. Connector hoses shall consist of a
PFTE lined hose with a wire braided jacket.
The hoses shall be suitable for operation in an
environment between -40 and 200˚F and rated
for a minimum working pressure of 2000 PSI
and a bursting pressure of 8000 PSI.
6) Contractor shall assure that the chilled water
supplying the beams has been properly
treated in accordance to BSRIA publication
AG 2/93.
7) No power or direct control connections shall
be required for the operation of the chilled
beam.
3.06 Cleaning and Protection
Chilled Beam Specifications - DID600BU
1) Protect units before, during and after
installation. Damaged material due to
improper site protection shall be cause for
rejection.
1) Clean equipment, repair damaged finishes as
required to restore beams to as-new
appearance.
DID600BU Active Chilled Beams
PART 1- GENERAL
1.07 Summary
This section describes the active chilled beams.
1.08 Submittals
Submit product data for all items complete with the
following information:
1) Operating weights and dimensions of all
unit assemblies.
2) Performance data, including sensible and
latent cooling capacities, nozzle types,
primary and total supply (primary plus
induced) airflow rates, chilled (and where
applicable hot) water flow rates, noise
levels in octave bands, air and water side
pressure losses and supply air throw
values.
3) Construction details including
manufacturers recommendations for
installation, mounting and connection.
PART 2- PRODUCTS
2.01 General
Materials and products required for the work of this
section shall not contain asbestos, polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCB) or other hazardous materials
identified by the engineer or owner.
Approved Manufacturers:
These specifications set forth the minimum
requirements for the active chilled beams to be
accepted for this project. Products provided by the
following manufacturers will be deemed acceptable
provided they meet all of the construction and
performance requirements of this specification:
1. TROX
2.02 Design
1) Furnish and install TROX DID600BU series
active chilled beams of sizes, capacities and
nozzle types as indicated on the drawings and
44
within the mechanical equipment schedules.
The beams shall be constructed and delivered
to the job site as single units.
2) The face of the beam shall consist of a room
air induction section of 50% free area
perforated steel flanked by two linear supply
slots. The entire visible face section shall be
finished in white powder coat paint or as
specified by the architect.
3) Beams shall be provided with side and end
details which will allow its integration into the
applicable (nominal 24 inch wide) acoustical
ceiling grid as specified by the architect.
4) The beams shall consist of a minimum 22
guage galvanized steel housing encasing the
integral sensible cooling coil and a plenum
feeing a series of induction nozzles. A side
mounted connection spigot shall afford the
connection of a five (5) inch diameter primary
supply air duct to the beam. The inside and
outside surfaces of the housing and inlet
spigot shall be finished with black powder coat
paint. The overall height of the beam shall not
exceed 8½ inches.
5) Each beam shall be provided with a pressure
tap (or nozzle) that may be used to measure
the pressure differential between the primary
air plenum and the room. An airflow calibration
chart or data which relates this pressure
differential reading with the primary and beam
supply airflow rates shall also be provided by
the beam manufacturer
6) (OPTIONAL) Each beam shall be furnished
with a volume flow limiter for mounting in its
inlet connection. This device shall allow field
adjustment of a maximum primary air flow rate
independent of any static pressure changes in
the inlet ductwork. Volume flow limiter shall
add no more than 0.15 inches H2O pressure
drop to the primary air delivery system and
shall not require any control or power
connections.
7) Beams shall be provided with connections for
either 2 or 4 pipe operation. Four pipe
configurations shall require separate supply
and return connections for chilled and hot
water. The coils shall be mounted horizontally
and shall be manufactured with seamless
copper tubing (½‖ outside diameter) with
minimum .016 inch wall thickness
mechanically fixed to aluminum fins. The
aluminum fins shall be limited to no more than
eight (8) fins per inch. The beam shall have a
working pressure of at least 300 PSI, be
factory tested for leakage at a minimum
pressure of 360 PSI. Each chilled beam shall
be provided with factory integrated drain and
vent fittings.
 Chilled Beam Specifications - DID600BU
8) The chilled water coil shall be provided with ½‖
NPT male threaded fittings where specified.
These fittings must be suitable for field
connection to a similar (½‖ NPT) female
flexible hose. If not otherwise specified, coil
connections shall be bare copper for field
sweating to the water supply circuit.
Connections shall face upwards, be located
near the left end of the beam (when viewing
into the primary air connection spigot and shall
be at least 1½‖ long to facilitate field
connection (by others).
9) Beams shall be delivered clean, flushed and
capped to prevent ingress of dirt.
2.03 Performance
5) All performance shall be in compliance with
that shown on the equipment schedule.
Acoustical testing shall have been performed
in accordance with ANSI S12.51.
1) Hydronic cooling capacities shall be
established by testing according to DIN
Standard 4715. Manufacturer shall submit
documentation that testing has been
performed to this standard. Coils shall be
rated in accordance with ARI Standard 410.
2) Primary airflow rates shall not result in supply
(primary plus induced) airflow rates in excess
of 80 CFM per linear foot of beam.
3) Chilled water flow rates to the beams shall be
limited to that which results in a ten (10) foot
head loss. Water flow velocities through the
beam shall not exceed 4 FPS.
PART 3- EXECUTION
3.02 Installation
1) Coordinate the size, tagging and capacity of
the beams to their proper location.
2) Chilled beams up to six feet in length shall be
independently suspended from the structure
above by a four (4) threaded rods of ⅜‖
diameter. For beams beyond six feet in length,
six (6) threaded rods of ⅜‖ diameter shall be
provided. The upper end of the rods shall be
suspended from uni-strut channels that are a)
mounted perpendicular to the beam length
and b) at least four inches wider than the
beam. The rods shall be fixed to factory
furnished mounting brackets on the beam
such that the beam can be repositioned along
its length. The uni-strut channel shall allow
adjustment perpendicular to the beam length.
The beam shall then be positioned into the
acoustical ceiling grid and leveled horizontally
a Contact TROX USA or your local TROX
45
by adjusting the nuts connecting the threaded
rods to the beam
3) Before connecting the supply water system(s)
to the beams, contractor shall flush the piping
system(s) to assure that all debris and other
matter have been removed.
4) Contractor shall perform connection of beams
to the chilled water circuit by method specified
(hard connection using sweated connection or
connection using flexible hoses.
5) Flexible connector hoses shall be furnished by
others (optionally by the manufacturer). Hoses
shall be twenty four (24) inches in length and
suitable for operation with a bend radius as
small as five (5) inches. Such hoses shall be
100% tested and certified for no leakage at
500 PSI. Connector hoses shall consist of a
PFTE lined hose with a wire braided jacket.
The hoses shall be suitable for operation in an
environment between -40 and 200˚F and rated
for a minimum working pressure of 2000 PSI
and a bursting pressure of 8000 PSI.
6) Contractor shall assure that the chilled water
supplying the beams has been properly
treated in accordance to BSRIA publication
AG 2/93.
7) No power or direct control connections shall
be required for the operation of the chilled
beam.
3.07 Cleaning and Protection
1) Protect units before, during and after
installation. Damaged material due to
improper site protection shall be cause for
rejection.
2) Clean equipment, repair damaged finishes as
required to restore beams to as-new
appearance.
ACTIVE BEAM PERFORMANCE DATA
The diagrams that follow detail the performance of
the DID300U, DID600U, DID300BU and DID600BU
beams discussed in this document. TROX USA
also offers performance tables for each of these
products for those who prefer that form of data
presentation.
TROX also offers designers Excel™ based
selection programs for these products.
representative for information regarding the data
tables and/or selection programs.
DID300U - Cooling Performance - 2 pipe

1300
Chart is based on DID300U/1800
(2 Pipe) with a 20˚F temperature
1200 differential between room and
primary air and a water flow rate
of 1.4 GPM. For other lengths,
1100 see correction factors below.
Airflow ranges are limited to that
TROOM - TCWS
which will not exceed either NC40
1000 (assuming 10dB room
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

absorption) or a 1.0 inch inlet

SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

static pressure.
900
20˚F
TROOM - TCWS
18˚F
800
16˚F

14˚F
20˚F
700 12˚F

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

18˚F
TROOM - TCWS
16˚F
600
14˚F
"C"
12˚F
NOZZLES
500
20˚F
18˚F
400 16˚F

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

"B"
14˚F
3 NOZZLES
12˚F
300
"A"
NOZZLES
NC 20 25 30 35 40
200
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8"
NC 15 20 25 30 35
100 0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.7" 0.9"
NC 15 20 25 30
0.2" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8"

2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID300U Beam Lengths

Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
1200 (4) 1500 (5) 1800 (6) 2400 (8)
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.04 Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.95
Noise Level (NC) -8 -3 No Correction +2
Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.75 Multiply by 0.90 No Correction Multiply by 1.02
Chilled Water Flow Rate See Figure 35 for Correction Factor FCWS
Chilled Water Pressure Loss See Figure 37

Figure 32: DID300U (2 Pipe) Cooling Capacity and Performance

46
 DID300U - Cooling Performance - 4 pipe

1300
Chart is based on DID300U/1800
(4 Pipe) with a 20˚F temperature
1200 differential between room and
primary air and a water flow rate
of 1.5 GPM. For other lengths,
1100 see correction factors below.
Airflow ranges are limited to that
which will not exceed either NC40
1000 (assuming 10dB room TROOM - TCWS
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

absorption) or a 1.0 inch inlet

static pressure.

SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

900
20˚F
TROOM - TCWS
800 18˚F

16˚F

700 14˚F
20˚F 12˚F

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

TROOM - TCWS
18˚F
600
16˚F

14˚F "C"
500 12˚F NOZZLES
20˚F
18˚F
400

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

16˚F "B"
14˚F NOZZLES
300 12˚F

"A"
NOZZLES NC 25 30 35 40
200
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8"
NC 15 20 25 30 35
100 0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.7" 0.9"
NC 15 20 25 30
0.2" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8"

2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID300U Beam Lengths

Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
1200 (4) 1500 (5) 1800 (6) 2400 (8)
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.04 Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.95
Noise Level (NC) -8 -3 No Correction +2
Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.75 Multiply by 0.90 No Correction Multiply by 1.02
Chilled Water Flow Rate See Figure 35 for Correction Factor FCWS
Chilled Water Pressure Loss See Figure 37

Figure 33: DID300U (4 Pipe) Cooling Capacity and Performance

47
DID300U - Heating Performance - 4 pipe

1600 Chart is based on DID300U/1800 (4 Pipe)

with a 15˚F temperature differential
between room and primary air and a water
flow rate of 1.5 GPM. For other lengths,
1400 THWS - TROOM
see correction factors below.
Airflow ranges are limited to that which will
1200 not exceed either NC40 (assuming 10dB
THWS - TROOM
room absorption) or a 1.0 inch inlet static 100˚F
pressure.
Net Heating Capacity, BTUH/LF

1000 85˚F 90˚F

NET SENSIBLE HEATING

THWS - TROOM 80˚F

TOTAL SECONDARY HEATING

800 75˚F

65˚F 70˚F
75˚F
600 60˚F
65˚F 55˚F

55˚F
400 45˚F
45˚F "C"
NOZZLES
35˚F "B"
200
NOZZLES
"A"
0 NOZZLES
PRIMARY AIR COOLING

-200
NC 15 20 25 30

-400 0.2" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8"

NC 15 20 25 30 35
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.7" 0.9"
-600
NC 25 30 35 40
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8"

2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID300U Beam Lengths

Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
1200 (4) 1500 (5) 1800 (6) 2400 (8)
Net Sensible Heating (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.01 No Correction Multiply by 0.98
Noise Level (NC) -8 -3 No Correction +2
Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.75 Multiply by 0.90 No Correction Multiply by 1.02
Hot Water Flow Rate See Figure 36 for Correction Factor FHWS
Hot Water Pressure Loss See Figure 38

Figure 34: DID300U (4 Pipe) Heating Capacity and Performance

48
 DID - Water Flow Rate

1.00
Chilled Water Performance Factor (FCWS)

0.95
DID300U Series
DID300BU Series
0.90

0.85
DID600U Series
DIDBU600 Series
0.80

0.75

0.70

0.65

0.60

0.55

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

Chilled Water Flow Rate, % Maximum Recommended Rate

Figure 35: Active Chilled Beam Chilled Water Flow Rate Determination

1.00

0.95
DID300U Series
Hot Water Performance Factor (FHWS)

0.90
DID600U Series
0.85 DID300BU Series
DID600BU Series

0.80

0.75
4

0.70

0.65

0.60

0.55

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

Hot Water Flow Rate, % Maximum Recommended Rate

Figure 36: Active Chilled Beam Hot Water Flow Rate Determination

49
DID300U - Water Pressure Loss

10.0

9.0
Chilled Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)

Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less

than 0.3 GPM is Not Recommended
8.0 DID300U/2400
(2 Pipe)
Max. GPM = 1.50
7.0
DID300U/2400
(4 Pipe)
6.0 Max. GPM = 1.50

5.0
DID300U/1800
(2 Pipe)
4.0 Max. GPM = 1.50

3.0 DID300U/1800
DID300U/1200
(4 Pipe)
(2 Pipe)
Max. GPM = 1.50
Max. GPM = 1.50
2.0
DID300U/1200
DID300U/1500 DID300U/1500 (4 Pipe)
1.0
(2 Pipe) (4 Pipe) Max. GPM = 1.50
Max. GPM = 1.50 Max. GPM = 1.50

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

Figure 37: DID300U Chilled Water Pressure Loss

5.0

4.5
Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less
Hot Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)

than 0.3 GPM is Not Recommended

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0 DID300U/2400
(4 Pipe)
DID300U/1800 Max. GPM = 1.50
1.5 (4 Pipe)
Max. GPM = 1.50

1.0

DID300U/1500 DID300U/1200
0.5
(4 Pipe) (4 Pipe)
Max. GPM = 1.50 Max. GPM = 1.50

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

Figure 38: DID300U Hot Water Pressure Loss

50
 DID600U - Cooling Performance - 4 pipe

1300

Chart is based on DID600U/1800 with a 20˚F

1200 temperature differential between room and primary air TROOM - TCWS
and a water flow rate of 1.4 GPM. For other lengths, see
correction factors below.
1100

SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

Airflow ranges are limited to that which will not exceed
either NC40 (assuming 10dB room absorption) or a 1.0
inch inlet static pressure. 20˚F
1000
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

18˚F

TROOM - TCWS
900 16˚F

14˚F

800

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

20˚F 12˚F
TROOM - TCWS
18˚F
700
16˚F

20˚F 14˚F
600
12˚F "C"
18˚F
NOZZLES
500 16˚F
5
14˚F
"B"

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

400 12˚F
NOZZLES

300
"A"
NOZZLES NC 20 25 30 35 38
200
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9"
NC15 20 25 30 34
100 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"
NC 15 20 25
0.3" 0.5" 0.7" 1.0"

2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID600U Beam Lengths

Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
1200 (4) 1500 (5) 1800 (6) 2400 (8)
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.93
Noise Level (NC) -4 -2 No Correction +2
Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.87 Multiply by 0.90 No Correction Multiply by 1.05
Chilled Water Flow Rate See Figure 35 for Correction Factor FCWS
Chilled Water Pressure Loss See Figure 41

Figure 39: DID600U (4 Pipe) Cooling Capacity and Performance

51
DID600U - Heating Performance - 4 pipe

Chart is based on DID600U/1800 (4

Pipe) with a 15˚F temperature
1600 differential between room and primary
air and a water flow rate of 1.5 GPM.
For other lengths, see correction
1400 factors ranges
Airflow below. are limited to that which
will not exceed either NC40 (assuming THWS - TROOM
10dB room absorption) or a 1.0 inch
1200 inlet static pressure.
THWS - TROOM 70˚F
Net Heating Capacity, BTUH/LF

1000
THWS - TROOM 65˚F

NET SENSIBLE HEATING

60˚F
800
55˚F

TOTAL SECONDARY HEATING

55˚F
50˚F
600 45˚F
45˚F
40˚F
400 35˚F 35˚F

25˚F 30˚F
25˚F
200 "C"
"B" NOZZLES
0 "A" NOZZLES
NOZZLES
PRIMARY AIR COOLING
-200
NC 15 20 25
0.3" 0.5" 0.7" 1.0"
-400
NC15 20 25 30 34
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"
-600
NC20 25 30 35 38
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9"

2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID600U Beam Lengths

Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
1200 (4) 1500 (5) 1800 (6) 2400 (8)
Net Sensible Heating (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.04 Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.86
Noise Level (NC) -4 -2 No Correction +2
Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.87 Multiply by 0.90 No Correction Multiply by 1.05
Hot Water Flow Rate See Figure 36 for Correction Factor FHWS
Hot Water Pressure Loss See Figure 42

Figure 40: DID600U (4 Pipe) Heating Capacity and Performance

52
 DID600U - Water Pressure Loss

10.0

9.0
Chilled Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)

Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less DID600U/2400

8.0
than 0.3 GPM is Not Recommended Max. GPM = 1.25

DID600U/1800
7.0 Max. GPM = 1.40

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0 DID600U/1500
Max. GPM = 1.50

2.0
DID600U/1200
Max. GPM = 1.50
1.0

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

Figure 41: DID600U (4 Pipe) Chilled Water Pressure Drop

5.0

4.5
Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less
Hot Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)

than 0.3 GPM is Not Recommended

4.0

3.5

3.0
DID600U/2400
(4 Pipe)
2.5
Max. GPM = 1.50
DID600U/1800
2.0 (4 Pipe)
Max. GPM = 1.50

1.5
DID600U/1200
(4 Pipe)
1.0
Max. GPM = 1.50
DID600U/1500
0.5 (4 Pipe)
Max. GPM = 1.50

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

Figure 42: DID600U (4 Pipe) Hot Water Pressure Loss

53
DID300BU - Cooling Performance

1300
Chart is based on
DID300BU/1800 with a 20˚F
1200 temperature differential between
room and primary air and a water
flow rate of 1.50 GPM. For other
1100 lengths, see correction factors
below.
Airflow ranges are limited to that TROOM - TCWS
1000

SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

which will not exceed either
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

NC40 (assuming 10dB room

absorption) or a 1.0 inch inlet
900 static pressure.
20˚F

800 18˚F

16˚F

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

14˚F
700
TROOM - TCWS 12˚F

600

20˚F "G"
500 NOZZLES
18˚F

16˚F
400

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

14˚F
12˚F

300 "M"
NOZZLES

200
NC 15 20 25 30 35 40

100 0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"
NC 15 20 25 30 33

0.2" 0.3" 0.5" 0.7" 1.0"

2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID300BU Beam Lengths

Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)

Performance Parameter
1200 (4) 1500 (5) 1800 (6) 2400 (8)
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.02 Multiply by 1.01 No Correction Multiply by 0.96
Noise Level (NC) -7 -3 No Correction +3

Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by1.04 Multiply by 1.01 No Correction Multiply by 0.99
Chilled Water Flow Rate See Figure 35 for Correction Factor FCWS

Chilled Water Pressure Loss See Figure 45

Figure 43: DID300BU Cooling Capacity and Performance

54
 DID300BU - Heating Performance

2000

Chart is based on DID300BU/1800 (4

1800 Pipe) with a 15˚F temperature
differential between room and primary T HWS - T ROOM
air and a water flow rate of 1.5 GPM.
1600 For other lengths, see correction
factors below.
Airflow ranges are limited to that which 170˚F
1400 will not exceed either NC40 (assuming
10dB room absorption) or a 1.0 inch 160˚F
inlet static pressure.

NET SENSIBLE HEATING

1200
150˚F

TOTAL SECONDARY HEATING

T HWS - T ROOM

1000
140˚F

800 130˚F
140˚F

600 130˚F 120˚F

120˚F
400 110˚F
"G"
100˚F
200 NOZZLES
"M"
NOZZLES
0
PRIMARY AIR COOLING

-200

NC 15 20 25 30 33
-400
0.2" 0.3" 0.5" 0.7" 1.0"

-600 NC 15 20 25 30 35 40

0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"

2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID300BU Beam Lengths

Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
1200 (4) 1500 (5) 1800 (6) 2400 (8)
Net Sensible Heating (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.02 Multiply by 1.01 No Correction Multiply by 0.97
Noise Level (NC) -7 -3 No Correction +3
Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 1.04 Multiply by 1.01 No Correction Multiply by 0.99
Hot Water Flow Rate See Figure 36 for Correction Factor FHWS
Hot Water Pressure Loss See Figure 46

Figure 44: DID300BU Heating Capacity and Performance

55
DID300BU - Water Pressure Loss

10.0

9.0
Chilled Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)

Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less

than 0.3 GPM is Not Recommended
8.0

DID300BU/2400
7.0 Max. GPM = 1.50

6.0 DID300BU/1800
Max. GPM = 1.50

5.0

4.0

3.0
DID300BU/1500
Max. GPM = 1.50
2.0

DID300BU/1200
1.0 Max. GPM = 1.50

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

Figure 45: DID300BU (2 and 4 Pipe) Chilled Water Pressure Loss

5.0

4.5
Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less
Hot Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)

than 0.3 GPM is Not Recommended

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

DID300BU/2400
2.0 (4 Pipe)
Max. GPM = 1.50
DID300BU/1800
1.5 (4 Pipe)
Max. GPM = 1.50

1.0
DID300BU/1200
(4 Pipe)
0.5 DID300BU/1500
Max. GPM = 1.50
(4 Pipe)
Max. GPM = 1.50

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

Figure 46: DID300BU (4 Pipe) Hot Water Pressure Loss

56
 DID600BU - Cooling Performance

1300

Chart is based on
1200 DID600BU/1800 with a 20˚F
temperature differential between
room and primary air and a water
1100 flow rate of 1.35 GPM. For other
TROOM - TCWS
lengths, see correction factors

SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

below.
1000 Airflow ranges are limited to that
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

which will not exceed either

NC40 (assuming 10dB room 20˚F

900 absorption) or a 1.0 inch inlet

static pressure. 18˚F

16˚F
800

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

14˚F

12˚F
700
TROOM - TCWS

600

20˚F
500 "G"
18˚F
NOZZLES
16˚F
4
400 14˚F

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

12˚F

300 "M"
NOZZLES
200
NC 15 20 25 30 35 39

100 0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"
NC 15 20 25 30
0.2" 0.3"0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID600BU Beam Lengths

Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
1200 (4) 1500 (5) 1800 (6) 2400 (8) 4
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.98
Noise Level (NC) -6 -2 No Correction +3
Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.96 Multiply by 0.97 No Correction Multiply by 1.04
Chilled Water Flow Rate See Figure 35 for Correction Factor FCWS
Chilled Water Pressure Loss See Figure 49

Figure 47: DID600BU (2 or 4 Pipe) Cooling Capacity and Performance

57
DID600BU - Heating Performance

2000

Chart is based on DID600BU/1800 (4

1800 Pipe) with a 15˚F temperature
differential between room and primary T HWS - T ROOM
air and a water flow rate of 1.5 GPM.
1600 For other lengths, see correction
factors ranges
Airflow below. are limited to that which
will not exceed either NC40 (assuming 80˚F
1400 10dB room absorption) or a 1.0 inch
inlet static pressure.

TOTAL SECONDARY SENSIBLE HEATING

70˚F

NET SENSIBLE HEATING

1200

1000 T HWS - T ROOM 60˚F

800 50˚F
60˚F

600 40˚F
50˚F

400 40˚F

30˚F "G"
200 NOZZLES
"M"
NOZZLES 4
0
PRIMARY AIR COOLING

-200

NC 15 20 25 30
-400
0.2" 0.3"0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

-600 NC 15 20 25 30 35 39

0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"

2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID600BU Beam Lengths

Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
1200 (4) 1500 (5) 1800 (6) 2400 (8)
Net Sensible Heating (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.02 Multiply by 1.01 No Correction Multiply by 0.97
Noise Level (NC) -6 -2 No Correction +3
Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.96 Multiply by 0.97 No Correction Multiply by 1.04
Hot Water Flow Rate See Figure 36 for Correction Factor FHWS
Hot Water Pressure Loss See Figure 50

Figure 47: DID600BU Heating Capacity and Performance

58
 DID600BU - Water Pressure Loss

10.0

9.0
Chilled Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)

Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less DID600BU/2400

than 0.3 GPM is Not Recommended

8.0 Max. GPM = 1.20

DID600BU/1800
7.0 Max. GPM = 1.35

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0 DID600BU/1500
Max. GPM = 1.45

2.0
DID600BU/1200
Max. GPM = 1.50
1.0

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

Figure 49: DID600BU (2 or 4 Pipe) Chilled Water Pressure Loss

5.0

4.5
Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less
Hot Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)

than 0.3 GPM is Not Recommended

4.0

3.5

3.0
DID600BU/2400
(4 Pipe)
2.5
Max. GPM = 1.50

DID600BU/1800
2.0
(4 Pipe)
Max. GPM = 1.50
1.5
DID600BU/1200
(4 Pipe)
1.0 Max. GPM = 1.50
DID600BU/1500
(4 Pipe)
0.5 Max. GPM = 1.50

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

Figure 50: DID600BU (4 Pipe) Hot Water Pressure Loss

59
 In North America Head Office & Research Centers
Trox USA, Inc. Gebrüder Trox GmbH
926 Curie Drive Postfach 10 12 63
Alpharetta D-47504 Neukirchen-Vluyn
Georgia Telephone 49 28 45/2 02-0
Telefax 49 28 45/2 02-2 65
USA 30005 www.troxtechnik.com
E-mail: trox@troxtechnik.de
Telephone: (770) 569-1433
Telefax: (770) 569-1435
e-mail: sales@troxusa.com
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60