SQL> update addr set CONTACT=9811445537

2 where NAME='zakir husain';

SQL> update addr set CONTACT=null;

SQL> alter table addr modify(CONTACT varchar2(10));

Table altered.

SQL> update addr set CONTACT=9811445537

2 where NAME='zakir husain';

1 row updated.

SQL> delete from addr where ZIP='Delhi';

1 row deleted.

SQL> update addr set CONTACT=9811098110

2 where NAME='Aqeel AHmad';

1 row updated.

SQL> update addr set CONTACT=9811098110

2 where ZIP=110025;

3 rows updated.

SQL> update addr set CONTACT=9811098110

2 where STATE='Delhi';

2 rows updated.

SQL> delete from addr where NAME='Aqeel AHmad';

1 row deleted.

SQL> update addr set STATE='New Delhi'

2 where STATE='Delhi';

3 rows updated.

SQL> update addr set STATE='DELHI'

2 where STATE='New Delhi';

5 rows updated.

SQL> alter table addr modify(CONTACT varchar2(15));

Table altered.

SQL> alter table addr modify(CONTACT varchar2(10));

1
Table altered.

SQL> delete from addr where NAME='Aqeel Ahmad';

1 row deleted.

SQL> update addr set CONTACT=9811198000 where NAME='Aqeel Ahmad';

1 row updated.

SQL> update addr set state='Delhi' where zip is null;

2 rows updated.

SQL> update addr set zip=110025 where contact is null;

2 rows updated.

SQL> update addr set contact=9822298222 where contact is null;

2 rows updated.

SQL> select * from addr order by name;

NAME ADDRESS STATE ZIP CONTACT

------------------------------ ------------------------------ --------------- ---------- ----------
Aqeel Ahmad H-19, Batla House Delhi 110025 9811198000

SQL> select * from addr order by name desc;

NAME ADDRESS STATE ZIP CONTACT

------------------------------ ------------------------------ --------------- ---------- ----------
zakir husain Darya ganj DELHI 110001 9811445537

SQL> select * from addr order by name asc;

NAME ADDRESS STATE ZIP CONTACT

------------------------------ ------------------------------ --------------- ---------- ----------
Aqeel Ahmad H-19, Batla House Delhi 110025 9811198000

SQL> desc addr;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
NAME VARCHAR2(30)
ADDRESS VARCHAR2(30)
STATE VARCHAR2(15)
ZIP VARCHAR2(10)
CONTACT VARCHAR2(10)

SQL> alter table addr modify(name varchar2(20));

2
Table altered.

SQL> alter table addr modify(name varchar2(20));

Table altered.

SQL> alter table addr modify(name, state varchar2(20));

Table altered.

SQL> desc addr;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
NAME VARCHAR2(20)
ADDRESS VARCHAR2(30)
STATE VARCHAR2(20)
ZIP VARCHAR2(10)
CONTACT VARCHAR2(10)

SQL> alter table addr add(address1 varchar2(30));

Table altered.

SQL> alter table addr add(fname varchar2(20));

Table altered.

SQL> desc addr;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
NAME VARCHAR2(20)
ADDRESS VARCHAR2(30)
STATE VARCHAR2(20)
ZIP VARCHAR2(10)
CONTACT VARCHAR2(10)
ADDRESS1 VARCHAR2(30)
FNAME VARCHAR2(20)

SQL> select * from addr order by name asc;

NAME ADDRESS STATE ZIP CONTACT

-------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------- ---------- ----------
ADDRESS1 FNAME
------------------------------ --------------------
Aqeel Ahmad H-19, Batla House Delhi 110025 9811198000

SQL> delete from addr where name='zakir husain';

1 row deleted.

SQL> select * from addr order by name desc;

3
NAME ADDRESS STATE ZIP CONTACT
-------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------- ---------- ----------
ADDRESS1 FNAME
------------------------------ --------------------
Zakir Ahmad 110025

SQL> desc addr;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
NAME VARCHAR2(20)
ADDRESS VARCHAR2(30)
STATE VARCHAR2(20)
ZIP VARCHAR2(10)
CONTACT VARCHAR2(10)
ADDRESS1 VARCHAR2(30)
FNAME VARCHAR2(20)

SQL> alter table addr modify(name,address,state,zip,contact,address1,fname varchar2(12));

Table altered.

SQL> desc addr;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
NAME VARCHAR2(20)
ADDRESS VARCHAR2(30)
STATE VARCHAR2(20)
ZIP VARCHAR2(10)
CONTACT VARCHAR2(10)
ADDRESS1 VARCHAR2(30)
FNAME VARCHAR2(33)

SQL> alter table addr modify(name,address,state,zip,contact,address1,fname varchar2(33));

Table altered.

SQL> desc addr;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
NAME VARCHAR2(20)
ADDRESS VARCHAR2(30)
STATE VARCHAR2(20)
ZIP VARCHAR2(10)
CONTACT VARCHAR2(10)
ADDRESS1 VARCHAR2(30)
FNAME VARCHAR2(33)

SQL> alter table addr modify(name,address,state,zip,contact,address1,fname varchar2(15));

Table altered.

4
SQL> desc addr;
Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
NAME VARCHAR2(20)
ADDRESS VARCHAR2(30)
STATE VARCHAR2(20)
ZIP VARCHAR2(10)
CONTACT VARCHAR2(10)
ADDRESS1 VARCHAR2(30)
FNAME VARCHAR2(15)

SQL> alter table addr modify(name varchar2(25));

Table altered.

SQL> desc addr;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
NAME VARCHAR2(25)
ADDRESS VARCHAR2(30)
STATE VARCHAR2(20)
ZIP VARCHAR2(10)
CONTACT VARCHAR2(10)
ADDRESS1 VARCHAR2(30)
FNAME VARCHAR2(15)

SQL> alter table addr modify(name,address varchar2(40));

Table altered.

SQL> desc addr;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
NAME VARCHAR2(25)
ADDRESS VARCHAR2(40)
STATE VARCHAR2(20)
ZIP VARCHAR2(10)
CONTACT VARCHAR2(10)
ADDRESS1 VARCHAR2(30)
FNAME VARCHAR2(15)

SQL> alter table addr modify(state, zip varchar2(15));

Table altered.

SQL> desc addr;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
NAME VARCHAR2(25)
ADDRESS VARCHAR2(40)
STATE VARCHAR2(20)

5
ZIP VARCHAR2(15)
CONTACT VARCHAR2(10)
ADDRESS1 VARCHAR2(30)
FNAME VARCHAR2(15)

SQL> alter table emp modify (NAME,ZIP,STATE varchar2(22));

Table altered.

SQL> desc emp;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
NAME VARCHAR2(15)
ZIP VARCHAR2(30)
STATE VARCHAR2(22)

SQL> alter table emp modify (NAME varchar2(27), zip varchar2(27), state varchar2(27));

Table altered.

SQL> desc emp;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
NAME VARCHAR2(27)
ZIP VARCHAR2(27)
STATE VARCHAR2(27)

SQL>

Example : - List all employees who have a name exactly 4 characters in length

Syntax :- select name from emp where name like ‘- - - -’;

Example : - Find employees whose salary is not between a range.

Syntax :- select name, sal from emp where sal not between 10000 and 80000;

Example : - Find those employees whose job does not start with M

Syntax :- select name,job from emp where job not like ‘M%’;

Example : - Find all employees who have a manager (MGR)

Syntax :- select name,mgr from emp where mgr is not null;

Example : - List all employees from emp table

Syntax :- select * from emp;

Example : - List all employees who have a salary between 11000 and 22000

6
Syntax :- select EmpName,EmpDepNo,EmpSalary from EMP where EmpSalary between 11000 and
22000;

Example : - List department no and name in department name order

Syntax :- select EmpName,EmpDepNo,EmpSalary from EMP order by EmpDepNo;

Example : - Display all the deifferent types job

Syntax :- select distinct job from Emp;

Example : - List the details of the employees in department 10 and 20 in alphabetic order of name

Syntax :- select * from EMP where EmpDepNo in (10 , 20) order by EmpName;

Example : - List names and jobs of all clerks in department 20

Syntax :- select EmpName,EmpDesig from EMP where EmpDesig=’clerk’ and EmpDepNo = 20;

SQL> desc addr;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
NAME VARCHAR2(25)
ADDRESS VARCHAR2(40)
STATE VARCHAR2(20)
ZIP VARCHAR2(15)
CONTACT VARCHAR2(10)
ADDRESS1 VARCHAR2(30)
FNAME VARCHAR2(15)

SQL> alter table addr drop(address,state,zip,contact,address1,fname);

Table altered.

SQL> desc addr;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
NAME VARCHAR2(25)

SQL> alter table addr modify(name varchar2(15));

Table altered.

SQL> drop table addr;

Table dropped.

SQL> create table EMP(

2 EmpName varchar2(15),
3 EmpNo number(5),
4 EmpJob varchar2(10),
5 EmpJoing date,

7
6 EmpSal number(5));

Table created.

SQL> desc Emp;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
EMPNAME VARCHAR2(15)
EMPNO NUMBER(5)
EMPJOB VARCHAR2(10)
EMPJOING DATE
EMPSAL NUMBER(5)

SQL> alter table Emp modify(EmpSal varchar2(5));

Table altered.

SQL> desc emp;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
EMPNAME VARCHAR2(15)
EMPNO NUMBER(5)
EMPJOB VARCHAR2(10)
EMPJOING DATE
EMPSAL VARCHAR2(5)

SQL> alter table Emp modify(EmpSal varchar2(6));

Table altered.

SQL> alter table Emp modify(EmpSal number(6));

Table altered.

SQL> desc emp;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
EMPNAME VARCHAR2(15)
EMPNO NUMBER(5)
EMPJOB VARCHAR2(10)
EMPJOING DATE
EMPSAL NUMBER(6)

SQL> alter table Emp modify(EmpSal number(8,2));

Table altered.

SQL> desc emp;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
EMPNAME VARCHAR2(15)
EMPNO NUMBER(5)

8
EMPJOB VARCHAR2(10)
EMPJOING DATE
EMPSAL NUMBER(8)

SQL> update emp set EmpName=' ' where EmpName='Dixit';

1 row updated.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select * from emp;

EMPNAME EMPNO EMPJOB EMPJOING EMPSAL

--------------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------
Naqvi 1001 Sr S Ana 10-OCT-01 35000
Zakir 1005 IT Profe 01-AUG-91 10000
Zeeshan 1002 Lecturer 01-JAN-00 12000

SQL> update emp set EmpSal=null where EmpName=' ';

1 row updated.
SQL> select * from emp;

EMPNAME EMPNO EMPJOB EMPJOING EMPSAL

--------------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------
Naqvi 1001 Sr S Ana 10-OCT-01 35000
Zakir 1005 IT Profe 01-AUG-91 10000
Zeeshan 1002 Lecturer 01-JAN-00 12000

SQL> update emp set EmpSal=null where EmpSal is not null;

11 rows updated.

SQL> select * from emp;

EMPNAME EMPNO EMPJOB EMPJOING EMPSAL

--------------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------
Naqvi 1001 Sr S Ana 10-OCT-01
Zakir 1005 IT Profe 01-AUG-91
Zeeshan 1002 Lecturer 01-JAN-00

SQL> alter table emp modify(EmpSal number(8,2));

Table altered.

SQL> select * from emp;

EMPNAME EMPNO EMPJOB EMPJOING EMPSAL

--------------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------
Naqvi 1001 Sr S Ana 10-OCT-01

9
SQL> desc emp;
Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
EMPNAME VARCHAR2(15)
EMPNO NUMBER(5)
EMPJOB VARCHAR2(10)
EMPJOING DATE
EMPSAL NUMBER(8,2)

SQL> select * from emp;

EMPNAME EMPNO EMPJOB EMPJOING EMPSAL

--------------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------
Naqvi 1001 Sr S Ana 10-OCT-01 35000

SQL> update emp set EmpSal=null where EmpName=' ';

1 row updated.

SQL> select * from emp;

EMPNAME EMPNO EMPJOB EMPJOING EMPSAL

--------------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------
Naqvi 1001 Sr S Ana 10-OCT-01 35000

SQL> update emp set EmpSal=null where EmpSal is not null;

11 rows updated.

SQL> select * from emp;

EMPNAME EMPNO EMPJOB EMPJOING EMPSAL

--------------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------
Naqvi 1001 Sr S Ana 10-OCT-01

SQL> alter table emp modify(EmpSal number(8,2));

Table altered.

SQL> select * from emp;

EMPNAME EMPNO EMPJOB EMPJOING EMPSAL

--------------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------
Naqvi 1001 Sr S Ana 10-OCT-01

SQL> desc emp;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
EMPNAME VARCHAR2(15)
EMPNO NUMBER(5)
EMPJOB VARCHAR2(10)

10
EMPJOING DATE
EMPSAL NUMBER(8,2)

SQL> update emp set EmpSal=55000 where EmpJob='Professor';

5 rows updated.

SQL> update emp set EmpSal=45000 where EmpJob='Reader';

2 rows updated.

SQL> update emp set EmpSal=30000 where EmpJob='Lecturer';

1 row updated.

SQL> select * from emp;

EMPNAME EMPNO EMPJOB EMPJOING EMPSAL

--------------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------
Naqvi 1001 Sr S Ana 10-OCT-01
Zakir 1005 IT Profe 01-AUG-91
Zeeshan 1002 Lecturer 01-JAN-00 30000
Aqeel 1007 IT Prof 10-MAR-05
Aziz 1002 Professor 01-JAN-05 55000

SQL> update emp set EmpSal=12000 where EmpSal is null;

4 rows updated.

SQL> select * from emp;

EMPNAME EMPNO EMPJOB EMPJOING EMPSAL

--------------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------
Naqvi 1001 Sr S Ana 10-OCT-01 12000

SQL> select * from emp where EmpSal > 15000 and EmpSal < 40000;

EMPNAME EMPNO EMPJOB EMPJOING EMPSAL

--------------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------
Zeeshan 1002 Lecturer 01-JAN-00 30000

SQL> select * from emp where EmpSal > 15000 and EmpSal < 55000;

EMPNAME EMPNO EMPJOB EMPJOING EMPSAL

--------------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------
Zeeshan 1002 Lecturer 01-JAN-00 30000

SQL> select * from emp where EmpSal > 10000 and EmpSal < 56000;

EMPNAME EMPNO EMPJOB EMPJOING EMPSAL

--------------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------
Naqvi 1001 Sr S Ana 10-OCT-01 12000

11
SQL> insert into emp values('&empname',&empno,'&empjob','&date',&emps
Enter value for empname: A Aziz
Enter value for empno: 1011
Enter value for empjob: Attndt
Enter value for date: 10-Mar-1994
Enter value for empsal: 9000
old 1: insert into emp values('&empname',&empno,'&empjob','&date',&
new 1: insert into emp values('A Aziz',1011,'Attndt','10-Mar-1994',

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for empname: Mansaf
Enter value for empno: 1012
Enter value for empjob: Lecturer
Enter value for date: 10-Feb-2006
Enter value for empsal: 24000
old 1: insert into emp values('&empname',&empno,'&empjob','&date',&
new 1: insert into emp values('Mansaf',1012,'Lecturer','10-Feb-2006

1 row created.

SQL> select * from emp;

EMPNAME EMPNO EMPJOB EMPJOING EMPSAL

--------------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------
Naqvi 1001 Sr S Ana 10-OCT-01 12000

SQL> update emp set empname='Prof Dixit' where Empname is null;

0 rows updated. Due to numeric value

SQL> update emp set empname='Prof Dixit' where Empname=' ';

1 row updated.

SQL> select * from emp order by empname;

EMPNAME EMPNO EMPJOB EMPJOING EMPSAL

--------------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------
A Aziz 1011 Attndt 10-MAR-94 9000

SQL> update emp set EMPDEPNO='Mathematics' where EmpDepNo=' ';

0 rows updated. This command is only valid when you already eliminate the previous data, see
it further.

SQL> update emp set EMPDEPNO='Mathematics' where EmpDepNo is null;

16 rows updated. This command is valid because you the is empty (it was not deleted
everbefore).

12
SQL> update emp set EMPDEPNO=' ' where EmpDepNo is not null;

16 rows updated.

SQL> select * from emp;

EMPNAME EMPNO EMPJOB EMPJOING EMPSAL EMPDEPNO

--------------- --------- ---------- --------- --------- ------------
Naqvi 1001 Sr S Ana 10-OCT-01 12000

SQL> update emp set EMPDEPNO=' ' where EmpDepNo is null;

0 rows updated.

SQL> update emp set EMPDEPNO='Mathematics' where EmpDepNo is null;

0 rows updated.

SQL> select * from emp;

EMPNAME EMPNO EMPJOB EMPJOING EMPSAL EMPDEPNO

--------------- --------- ---------- --------- --------- ------------
Naqvi 1001 Sr S Ana 10-OCT-01 12000

SQL> desc emp;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
EMPNAME VARCHAR2(15)
EMPNO NUMBER(5)
EMPJOB VARCHAR2(10)
EMPJOING DATE
EMPSAL NUMBER(8,2)
EMPDEPNO VARCHAR2(12)

SQL> update emp set EMPDEPNO='Mathematics' where EmpDepNo is null;

0 rows updated.

SQL> update emp set EmpDepNo='Mathematics' where EmpDepNo=' ';

16 rows updated. This command is valid because your data was eliminated before..

SQL> desc personalities;

Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
GRNO NUMBER(38)
CLASS NUMBER(38)
NAME CHAR(15)
GAME CHAR(15)
GRADE CHAR(1)
SUPPLEMENTARY CHAR(15)
GRADE2 CHAR(1)

13
INCOME NUMBER(38)

SQL> insert into personalities values(1,7,'Aqeel','Cricket','A','Photography','C',4500);

1 row created.

SQL> /
1 row created.
SQL> select * from personalities;
GRNO CLASS NAME GAME G SUPPLEMENTARY G INCOME
--------- --------- --------------- --------------- - --------------- - ---------
1 7 Aqeel Cricket A Photography C 4500
SQL> alter table personalities modify(grade2 char(5));

Table altered.
SQL> delete from personalities where name='Aqeel';

5 rows deleted.

SQL> insert into personalities

values(&grno,&class,'&name','&game','&grade','&SUPPLEMENTARY','&grade
2',&income);
Enter value for grno: 1
Enter value for class: 7
Enter value for name: Aqeel
Enter value for game: Cricket
Enter value for grade: A
Enter value for supplementary: Photography
Enter value for grade2: B
Enter value for income: 4400
old 1: insert into personalities
values(&grno,&class,'&name','&game','&grade','&SUPPLEMENTARY','&g
new 1: insert into personalities values(1,7,'Aqeel','Cricket','A','Photography','B',4400)

1 row created.

SQL> select * from personalities order by grno;

GRNO CLASS NAME GAME GRADE SUPPLEMENTARY GRADE

INCOME
--------- --------- --------------- --------------- ----- --------------- ----- ---------
1 7 Aqeel Cricket A Photography B 4400

SQL> select * from emp;

EMPNAME EMPNO EMPJOB EMPJOING EMPSAL EMPDEPNO

--------------- --------- ---------- --------- --------- ------------
Naqvi 1001 Sr S Ana 10-OCT-01 12000 Mathematics

SQL> select * from emp where empdepno='Mathematics';

EMPNAME EMPNO EMPJOB EMPJOING EMPSAL EMPDEPNO

--------------- --------- ---------- --------- --------- ------------

14
Naqvi 1001 Sr S Ana 10-OCT-01 12000 Mathematics
SQL> select empname || empno employee from emp;

EMPLOYEE
-------------------------------------------------------
Naqvi1001
Zakir1005

SQL> select empname, empsal*12 from emp;

EMPNAME EMPSAL*12
--------------- ---------
Naqvi 144000
Zakir 144000

SQL> select empname, empsal+150*12 from emp;

EMPNAME EMPSAL+150*12
--------------- -------------
Naqvi 13800
Zakir 13800

SQL> select empname, (empsal+150)*12 from emp;

EMPNAME (EMPSAL+150)*12
--------------- ---------------
Naqvi 145800
Zakir 145800

SQL> alter table personalities drop(grade,grade2);

Table altered.

SQL> select * from personalities;

GRNO CLASS NAME GAME SUPPLEMENTARY INCOME

--------- --------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ---------
2 5 Michel Hockey Photography 5500

SQL> alter table personalities add(grade char(1),grade2 char(1));

Table altered.

SQL> select * from personalities;

GRNO CLASS NAME GAME SUPPLEMENTARY INCOME G G

--------- --------- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------- - -
2 5 Michel Hockey Photography 5500
3 7 Brude Swiming Photography 3500

SQL> alter table personalities drop(grade,grade2);

15
Table altered.

SQL> select * from tab;

It shows all tables

16