PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY2010

BAHAGIAN SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH DAN

SEKOLAH KLUSTER
KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

PERFECT
SCORE
BIOLOGY 2010
2. Puan Tuan
MODULE Form 5 Norma binti
Tuan Yaacob -
SMS Alam
Shah
3. Encik Meli
Teacher’s Copy bin Hussin -
SMS Kuala
Terengganu

DISEDIAKAN OLEH:

1. Puan Hasimah binti Azit - Sekolah Seri Puteri,

Cyberjaya
PAPER 3

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 PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY2010
Question 1

Answer all questions.

1. A group of students carried out an experiment to study the effect of temperature to rate of
plant transpiration.

Diagram 1.1(a) shows a set-up apparatus used in this experiment. The apparatus are
prepared and carry out in laboratory temperature of 30ᴼC. The whole were repeated Ai r bubbles
placing the set-up apparatus in different temperatures.

Air bubbles

Diagram 1 (b) shows the position of the air bubble at the initial of the experiment.

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 PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY2010
Table 1.1 shows the reading of temperature and location of air bubble in the tube of
potometers after 5 minutes.

The location of air bubbles in tube (X) of

Thermometers
potometer after 5 minutes

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 PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY2010

Table 1.1

(a) Complete the Table 1.1 by recording the temperature and the final position of air bubbles
[3 marks]

(b) (i) Based on table 1.1 state two observations on the relationship between the
temperature and distance of air bubble travel in 5 minutes.

1. ..

2. ..

[3 marks]
(ii) State the inferences which corresponds to the observations in 1 (a)(i)

1. ..

2. ..

[3 marks]

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 PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY2010
(c) Base on this experiment, complete the Table 1.2

Variables Method to handle the variable

Manipulated variable

Responding variable

Controls variable

[3 marks]

Table 1.2

(d) State the hypothesis for this experiment.

[3 marks]

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 PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY2010
(e) The following list is part of the apparatus and material used in this experiment.

Thermometer, stop watch, ruler, capillary tube, plant leaves, water

Complete Table 1.3 by matching each variable with the apparatus and material used in this
experiment.

Variable Apparatus material

Manipulated

Responding

Controlled

Table 1.3

[3 marks]

(f) (i) Base on the Table 1.1, construct the table and record the results of this experiment which
includes following aspects:
:
 Temperature (oC)
 The distance of air bubble moved (cm)
 Rate of transpiration (cm/minute)
[3 marks]

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 PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY2010
(ii) On the graph paper provided, draw a graph of rate of transpiration against the temperature.
[3 marks]

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 PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY2010
(iii) Based on the graph, state the relationship between the rate of transpiration and the
temperature
Explain your answer.

[3 marks]

(g) Based on experiment, define operationally what the ‘transpiration’ is.

[3 marks]

(g) In another experiment, the apparatus is located under the bright sun shine.
Predict the observation and explain your prediction.

[3 marks]

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 PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY2010
Question 1
1(a)
Score Explanation
Able to record three readings of temperature and the distance movement of air
bubble in the potometer correctly.
3
20 oC = 4.5 cm + 0.5
30 oC = 5.0 cm + 0.5
40 oC = 9.0 cm+ 0.5

1(b) (i)
Score Explanation
Able to state two correct observations based on experiment.

3 Sample Answer:(either 2):

1. The air bubble moves from 0 cm to 4.5 cm at the temperature 20oC.
2 . The air bubble moves from 0 cm to 5.0 cm at the temperature 30oC.
3 . The air bubble moves from 0 cm to 9.0 cm at the temperature 40oC.
4. The air bubble moves under temperature 40oC is more than under temperature
30oC
1(b) (ii)
Score Explanation
3 Able to state two reasonable inferences for the observation.

Sample answer:
1. The water molecules evaporate from surface of the leaves /rate of transpiration
is slow in cooler environment.
2. The water molecules evaporate from surface of the leaves rapidly /rate of the
transpiration is high under warm environment..
3. The water molecules evaporate faster in warmer condition compare to cooler
condition.
1(c) (i)
Score Explanation
Able to state all the variables and the method to handle variable correctly
(√) for each variable and method

Variable Method to handle

3 Manipulated Variable
Temperature
Responding Variable
The distance of air bubble /
Rate of transpiration
The potometer is put under different
temperature
Measure and record the distance by using
the ruler.
Calculate rate of transpiration using formula:
distance/time

Controlled variable Experiment is carried out in the same room/

Humidity / Light intensity / use same number of leaves that is 5 leaves
number of leaves/ type of plant / use same type of hibiscus plant in all
experiment

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 PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY2010
1(d)
Score Explanation
3 Able to state the hypothesis correctly based on the following criteria:
P1 - State the temperature.
P2 - State rate of transpiration / the distance of air bubble move R
- State the relationship between P1 and P2.

The higher the temperature the higher the rate of transpiration/ the further/longer the
movement of air bubble.

1(e)
Score Explanation
Able to match the apparatus and material used to obtain data for the three
variables correctly.
3
Variable Apparatus Material
Manipulated Thermometer plant leaves
Responding stop watch water
Ruler
capillary tube
Controls Stop watch
capillary tube

1(f)(i)
Score Explanation
Able to construct a table and record the result of the experiment with the following
criteria:
3
C - Complete column and row with correct labels D
- Transfer all data correctly. (√)
T - Calculate the rate of transpiration (distance/minute) (√)

Temperature (0C) Distance of air Rate of

bubble (cm) transpiration
(cm/min)
20 4.5 0.9
30 5.0 1.0
30 9.0 1.8

1(f)(ii)
Score Explanation
Able to draw a graph of rate of transpiration against the temperature..
3 Axis (A) - both axis are labelled an uniform scales, independent
variable on horizontal axis. (√)
Point (P) - All points are correctly plotted. (√)
Shape(S) - All points are connected smoothly (√).

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 PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY2010
1(f)(iii)
Score Explanation
Able to answer with the following aspects:
3
 the relationship between rate of transpiration and the temperature
 reason 1 - higher temperature, more water vapour evaporate from the leaf 
reason 2 - more water absorb by the plant from capillary.

1(g)
Score Explanation
3 Able to state the definition of transpiration operationally, complete and correct,
based on the following criteria.

P1 - water vapour loss from the leaves

P2 - causing the movement of air bubble in the capillary tube P3
- the factor that affect on transpiration.

The transpiration is the loss of water vapour from the leaves causing the
movement of air bubble in the capillary tube that affected by the temperature.

1(h)
Score Explanation
3 Able to predict correctly and explain the prediction based on the following item:

P1 - the distance of air bubble.

P2 - the transpiration rate
P3 - higher temperature and higher light intensity.

The distance of the air bubble is further/more than 9 cm because the transpiration
rate is higher due to a higher temperature and higher light intensity.

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 PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY2010
Question 2:

An experiment is carried out by a group of student to study the effect of different

concentrations of salt solution on the volume of urine produced.

Three boys with same body weight and age are selected. They were not allowed to drink any
water or taken any food in two hours before experiment and they were asked to empty their
bladder before starting the experiment.

The students were given three different types of solution to drink as shown in Table 1.1

Student Type of solution

A 300 ml mineral water
B 300 ml of 5 % sodium chloride solution.
C 300 ml of 10% sodium chloride solution.

Table 1.1

Urine samples of each student were taken after an hour is shown in Table 1.2

Student A B C

Volume of
urine
produced
/ml
Table 1.2
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 PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY2010
(a) Record the volume of urine produced by each student in Table 12.
[3 marks]

(b) (i) Based on Table 1.3 state two observations on the volume of urine produced.

1. ..

2. ..

[3 marks]
(ii) State the inference which corresponds to the observations in 1 (a)(i)

1. ..

2. ..

[3 marks]
(c) Complete the Table 1.3 base on the experiment that was carried out.

Variables Method to handle the variable

Manipulated variable

Responding variable

Controlled variable

[3 marks]
Table 1.3

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 PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY2010
(d) State the hypothesis for this experiment.

[3 marks]

(e) (i) Base on the Table 1.3, construct the table and record the results of this experiment
which includes the following aspects:

 Concentration of sodium chloride solution.

 Volume of urine collected
 Water reabsorbed in kidney.

[Water reabsorbed in the kidney = volume of solution intake - volume of urine collected]

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 PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY2010
[3 marks]
(ii) On the graph paper provided, draw the graph of water reabsorbed by kidneys against
the concentration of sodium chloride solution.
[3 marks]

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(iii) State the relationship between water reabsorbed by kidneys and the concentration of
sodium chloride solution based on the graph in 1(e)(ii). Explain your answer.

[3 marks]

(f) Based on this experiment, give operation definition of osmoregulation.

[3 marks]

(g) In another experiment, student A was asked to drink 300 ml of water and sit in the air
condition room for an hour. Predict the volume of urine he will produced. Explain your
prediction.

[3 marks]

(h) The following list is part of the apparatus and material used in this experiment.

Stopwatch, Sodium chloride solution, Beaker, measuring cylinder ,

Mineral water, Urine

Complete Table 1.6 by matching each variable with the apparatus and material used in this
experiment.

Variable Apparatus Material

Manipulated

Responding

Controlled

Table 1.4
[3 marks]

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Marking scheme
1 (a)
Score Explanation
Able to record three reading with unit correctly.

3 0 % sodium chloride - 200 ml.

2.5% sodium chloride - 160 ml.
5.0 % sodium chloride - 100 ml.
1(b) (i)
Score Explanation
Able to state two correct observations based on following criteria.

3 1. The volume of urine collection for student who drank mineral water is 200
ml.
2. The volume of urine collection for student who drank 2.5 % sodium chloride
solution is 160 ml.
3. The volume of urine collection for student who drank 200ml of 5.0 % sodium
chloride solution is less than the urine produces by student who drank 200
ml of mineral wall

1(b) (ii)
Score Explanation
3 Able to state two reasonable inferences for the observation.
1. The higher of urine produce because less amount of water was reabsorbed
into the blood caused by the hypotonic solution.
2. The less of urine produce because more water was reabsorbed into the
blood caused by the hypertonic solution that the student drank.
3. Most amount of water reabsorb into the blood caused by the hypertonic
solution, the volume of urine is less than the hypotonic solution

1(c)
Score Explanation
Able to state the variable and the method to handle variable correctly (√) for
3 each variable and method

Variable Method to handle

Manipulated Variable
Concentration of sodium Used different concentration of sodium
chloride chloride.

Responding Variable Measured and record the volume of urine

Volume of urine produce using measuring cylinder

Controlled variable
Each of the student drink 300 ml of
Volume of solution drink by solution
student

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 PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY2010
1(d)
Score Explanation
3 Able to state the hypothesis correctly based on the following criteria:
P1 (manipulated) - State the concentration of sodium chloride.
P2 (responding) - State the volume of urine collection/ volume of water
reabsorb.
R - State the relationship between P1 and P2.

The higher the concentration of sodium chloride, the volume of urine produce is
lower/ more water is reabsorb by kidney

1(e)(i)
Score Explanation
Able to construct a table and record the result of the experiment which the
following criteria:
3
 Table with correct titles and unit.
 Transfer all data correctly
 calculate all the value of water absorbed by kidney

Volume of

Concentrate sample The volume of

of sodium drinking Water reabsorb by
chloride urine after
water kidney
(%)
(cm3) drinking test
(cm3)
0% 300 water
2.5 % 300 (cm3)
200 100
5.0 % 300 160 140
100 200

1(e)(ii)

Score Explanation

3 Able to draw the graph for relationship between the concentration of sodium
chloride and the volume of water reabsorb
P1 - Correct axis with suitable scale
P2 - Correct transfer of data
P3 - Smooth curve (√)
1(e)(iii)
Score Explanation
Able to explain the relationship between the concentration of sodium chloride 3
solution and the water reabsorbed based on the following criteria:
P1 : the higher the concentration, the higher water reabsorb by kidney
P2: osmotic pressure of blood increase
P3: more water needed to low/dilute the blood// less water secreted

Sample answer:
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 PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY2010
The higher the concentration of sodium chloride solution, more water
reabsorbed by the kidney. The osmotic pressure/ blood concentration is
higher/increase, more water is needed to dilute the blood.

1(f)
Score Explanation
3 Able to state the definition of osmoregulation operationally, based on the
following criteria.

P1 - amount of water absorb

P2 - volume of urine produced
P3 - affected by concentration of drinking solution

Osmoregulation is the regulation of volume of water reabsorb that showed by

volume of urine output/ secreted affected by concentration of salt solution.

1 (g)
Score Explanation
3 Able to predict and explain based on the criteria:

P1: prediction of volume ( more than 200 ml)

P2: less reabsorbed by the body
P3: cool temperature, less sweat produce, less water is needed by the body

Sample answer:

The volume produced is 230 ml (any value more than 200 ml), in cool condition
less sweat produced by the body, less water needed by the body/ osmotic
pressure of the blood is not high, less water reabsorbed and more urine
produced.

1(h)
Score Explanation
Answer;
Variable Apparatus Material
Manipulated Measuring cylinder Sodium chloride solution
Measuring cylinder Urine

Beaker Urine
Responding Stopwatch Urine
Measuring cylinder Mineral water
Controlling

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 PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY2010

Question 3.

Xylem vessel is adapted to transport the water from soil to the leaves. Xylem vessel is a long
continues tube with lignified wall. Water from the root is pushed by root pressure into the
xylem vessel.
An experiment is carried out by a group of student to study the effect of root pressure on the
water transport in the plant.
Two healthy potted balsam plants are used.
The shoot is cut off, leaving 5 cm of main stem above the soil. Rubber tubing is fit to the cut
end and a glass tube is inserted to it. The apparatus is clamped to a retort stand as shown in

The other plant is prepared as above but all the roots are removed.
2 ml of coloured water is added to the capillary tube and the initial level of water is marked.

Capillary tube

Ruler
Retort
stand

Pot

Diagram 1.1

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After 2 days, the final level of water column in capillary tube is observed as shown in Diagram
1.2

Stem with
roots

Initial level: Final level:

……… cm ……… cm

Stem without
roots

Initial level: Final level:

……… cm ……… cm

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Diagram 1.2
 PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY2010
(a) Record the initial and final volume of water column in capillary tubes Diagram 1.2.
[3 marks]
(b) (i) State two observations based on the experiment.

1. ..

2. ..

[3 marks]
(ii) State the inference which corresponds to the observations in 1 (a)(i)

1. ..

2. ..

[3 marks]
(c) Complete the Table 1.1 base on the experiment that was carried out.

Variables Method to handle the variable

Manipulated variable

Responding variable

Controlled variable

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[3 marks]
TABLE 1.1
(d) State the hypothesis for this experiment.

[3 marks]

(e) (i) Base on the Table 1.1, construct the table and record the results of this experiment
which includes the following aspects:

 Condition of the stem (With root. Without root) 

Initial height of water
 Final height of water
 Increment in height

[3 marks]

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 PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY2010
(ii) On the graph paper provided, draw a bar chart to show the increment of water and
stem condition.
[3 marks]

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(iii) State the relationship between stem condition and increment of water in capillary tube.
Explain your answer.

[3 marks]

(f) Based on this experiment, define operationally root pressure.

[3 marks]

(g) In another experiment, the same type of plant with more roots is used. Predict the
increment of water. Explain your prediction..

[3 marks]

(h) List all apparatus and materials used in this experiment in Table 1.2

Apparatus Material

TABLE 1.2

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Question 3
(a)

Score Explanation
Able to record 4 readings of height of water correctly.

3 Stem Initial Final

with roots 3 9
Without roots 3 3.5

(b) (i)
Score Explanation
Able to state two correct observations

3 Sample answer:
1. The stem with roots has 9 cm of final height of water in capillary tube
2. The stem without roots has 3.5 cm of final height of water in capillary tube
3. The stem with roots has higher final height of water in capillary tube compare
to the stem without roots

(b) (ii)
Score Explanation
3 Able to state two reasonable inferences for the observation.

Sample answer:
1. Roots able to absorb more water and push the water into the stem (xylem)
2. No roots, less water absorb by the stem, and less water enter the stem
3. Stem with roots has more water absorbed into it, compare to without it.

(c) (i)
Score Explanation
Able to state all the variables and the method to handle variable correctly
(√) for each variable and method

Variable Method to handle

3 Manipulated Variable The experiment is carry out with stem with
Present of root roots and stem without roots

Responding Variable Measure and record the height o water

The height of water column in column by using the ruler.
capillary tube
Controlled variable Both observations are done after 2 days.
Time

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1(d)
Score Explanation
3 Able to state the hypothesis correctly based on the following criteria:
P1 - stem with roots.
P2 - height of water column in capillary tube
R - State the relationship between P1 and P2.

The stem with root has the higher height of water column in capillary tube compare to
stem without roots.

1(e)(i)
Score Explanation
Able to construct a table and record the result of the experiment which the
following criteria:
3
 Table with correct titles and unit.
 Transfer all data correctly
 Calculate the increment of water

Condition of the Initial height of Final height of Increment in height

stem water (cm) water(cm) (cm)
With roots 3 9 6
Without roots 3 3.5 0.5

1(e)(ii)
Score Explanation
Able to draw a bar chart based on:
3 Axis (A) - both axis are labelled an uniform scales, independent
variable on horizontal axis. (√)
Point (P) - All points are correctly transfer (√)
Shape(S) - two bar separated (√).

1(e)(iii)
Score Explanation
Able to answer with the following aspects:
3
 the relationship between present of roots and increment of water 
reason 1 - water is absorbed by roots
 reason 2 - water is push into the stem by root pressure

sample answer:

Stem with roots has higher increment of water, water is absorbed by roots from the
soil and the water is push into the stem by root pressure.

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 PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY2010
1(f)
Score Explanation
3 Able to state the definition of root pressure operationally, based on the following
criteria.

P1 - water increase in the capillary/stem

P2 - cause by water pressure into the stem
P3 - from the roots of the plant

The root pressure is the increment height of water column in the capillary tube
caused by pressure of the water from the roots of the plant.

1(g)
Score Explanation
3 Able to predict correctly and explain the prediction based on the following item:

P1 - the increment of height is more than 6 cm

P2 - more water absorbed by the root
P3 - more pressure to push the water into the stem of the plant.

The increment of water column height is 7 cm/ more than 6. When the stem has
more roots, more water is absorbed into the stem, more pressure to push the water
up the capillary tube. .

1(h)

Score Explanation
3

Apparatus Material

Capillary tube Stem

Retort stand Water
Ruler
Pot and soil

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 PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY2010
Designing experiment

1. In human body, homeostasis is the maintenance process of internal environment. When a

change occurs in the body, such as drinking a lot of water, the homeostasis mechanism
will regulate the changes back to normal condition.

Based on the above information, design an experiment to investigate the effect of volume of
water drink to the urine production. You can use the common chemicals and scientific
apparatus that can be found in the laboratory. Your report should include:

 Problem statement
 Variables
 Hypothesis
 Apparatus and materials
 Procedures
 How data is communicated
[17 marks]
Answer:

 Problem statement
What is the effect of drinking of different amount of water to the volume of
urine produce?
[3marks]
 Variables
Manipulate: volume of water
Responding: volume of urine
Fixed: time/ gender/age/sex

[3 marks]
 Hypothesis :
The more amount water is drunk; the more volume of urine produced.
[3 marks]
 Apparatus and materials
Students, plain water, urine, measuring cylinder, paper cups.
[3 marks]

 Procedures
1. Select 12 male students at same body size and age, and divide them into
4
groups that is A,B,C and D. [K2, K1]
2. The students have to empty their bladder before experiment. [K5]

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3. Group A students are given 100 ml of plain water to drink
[K1,K4]
Group B students are given 400 ml of plain water to drink
Group C students are given 600 ml of plain water to drink
Group D students are given 1000 ml of plain water to drink

4. After 30 minutes, collect the urine they produced and measure the volume
of
the urine. [K1, K 3]
5. After 45 minutes, collect the urine again and measure. Total the amount of
urine
produced by each student. [K1.K3]
6. Record all readings in the table. [K1]
[All 5 K = 3 marks
3-4K = 2 marks

2K= 1 marks
1K= 0 marks]
 How data is communicated

Group Volume of Volume of urine Average

water taken produced/ml volume of
/ml 1 2 3 urine /ml
A 100
B 400
C 600
D 1000
[2 marks]
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2. Transpiration is a process where a plant loses water by evaporation through

the leaves. There are many factors affecting the rate of water lost from the
plant. Air movement is one of the factors that affect the rate of transpiration.
Based on the above statement, plan an experiment to investigate the effects of air
movement on the loss of water in a named plant.

The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects:

 Problem statement
 Hypothesis
 Variables
 List of apparatus and materials
 Experimental procedure or method
 Presentation of data

Answer:
 Problem statement
What is the effect of air movement on the rate of transpiration? (3m)

 Hypothesis
The higher the speed of air movement, the higher the rate of transpiration. (3m)

 Variables
Manipulated : Speed of the wind or air movement
Responding : Rate of transpiration / The time taken for air bubble to move in
a distance from X to Y.
Fixed : Room temperature / light intensity / humidity / type of plant

[3m]
 List of apparatus and materials
Leafy shoot of hibiscus plant, simple hotometer, knife, 250 ml beaker,
retort stand, stopwatch, ruler, basin, tissue paper, Vaseline and fan.
[3m]
 Experimental procedure or method
1. Cut a freshly cut leafy shoot of a hibiscus plant in a basin of water. K1
2. Place a simple potometer inside the basin of water. K1
3. Fit the shoot into the rubber tube of the potometer tightly and hold the shoot
and
the potometer upright using a retort stand. K5
4. Dry the leaves and the stem of the shoot with a piece of cloth.
5. Apply Vaseline to all the connections to prevent any leakage. K5

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 PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY2010
5. Allow an air bubble to enter the capillary tube of potometer and trapped it. K1
6. Mark the initial position of air bubble as X. Mark another point, Y, which
distance
of 5 cm from X.K1
7. Place the potometer at 1 m away from the fan. Switch on the fan at a low speed. K1
8. Record the time taken for the air bubble to move from X to Y in the table. K3
9. Remove the air bubble from the capillary tube and repeat the experiment to
obtain
another reading. K5
10. Repeat step 4 to 9 by switching on the fan at the medium speed for set Q and
the
high speed for set R. K4
11. All experiment is done in the same room that have same light intensity and
same
temperature. K2
12. Record all the readings obtained from the experiment in a table and calculate
the
rate of transpiration. K1

All 5K = 3m

 Presentation of data

Time taken for the air bubble Rate of

Set The speed of to move from X to Y /s transpiration
fan
1 2 Average /cm s-1

P Low

Q Medium

R High

[2m]
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