h h h h

λ    .
39.52: a)  p 2mE 3 3mkT
2m( kT )
2
b) We would roughly expect the length scale of the problem to go like V 1 3 (e.g., for a

cube
V  l so l  v
3 1 3 and for a sphere V  4 πR , so R  ( 3 V
3
3

4π
13
 V 1 3 ). Let n

be the number of molecules along one length (again, think of a cube) so that n 3  N , the total
number of particles in the volume. So n  N 1 3 . Thus, the typical spacing between particles is
13
l V 
  . The exact relationship will change depending on the geometry, but the scaling is
n N
correct up to a multiplicative constant.
13 13
V  h V  Nh 3
c)  λ       V  .
N 3mkT  N   3mkT  3 2

 6.02  10 particles mol 1.00 mol  6.63  10 J  s 
23 34 3

 3.03  10 8 m 3
d)  Vwave
 3  2.66  10 kg  1.38  10 J K   293 K  
 26  23 32

 30.3 mm3 .
NkT
PV  NkT  VSTP 
P


 6.02  10 23
 
particles mol 1.00 mol 1.38  10 23 J K  293 K  

1.01  105 Pa 
 VSTP  0.0241 m  2.41  10 7 mm 3 .
3

 VSTP is far larger than V wave so the wave nature is not important.
1.00 kg
e) N   5.59  10 24 Ag atoms(  conduction e).
1.79  10 25 kg atom
(5.59  1024 electrons)(6.63  1034 J  s)3
  Vwave   31  23
 1.40 m 3 .
[(3)(9.11 10 kg)(1.38 10 J K)(293 K)]3 2

1.00 kg 5
  VReal  1.05  10 4 kg m 3  9.52  10 m .
3

The real volume is much smaller than the wave limit volume. So, the wave nature of the
electrons must be accounted for.