START

Stepping down of voltage

Rectification – 16V

INPUT FROM TRANSFORMER Filtering

Potential Divider- V/5≈3.2 V

V ref = 3V (for 180 V) Greater than

180 V
VOLTAGE
COMPARISON

Less than 180 V

Used as switch to start the OUTPUT TO RELAY DRIVER

load shedding program stored
in microcontroller

Microcontroller acts as timer. ΜICROCONTROLLER SWITCHING PIC16F54

TO DIFFEERENT LOADS
Switching is done through
SCR(traic) incorporated for
corresponding loads .

STOP
 7805 gives 5V
+5V

230 V 470 V

1000μF 0.01μF

Potential transformer

gnd

Reduces high frequency noise in circuit

Smoothens AC component

Suppressor/ Flyback diode :

Supply voltage has to be equal to realy coil volage
Prevents damage to transistor
relay +V
caused by BACK EMF surges
when relay is switched OFF

+5V D1

E-Card relay 12V relay

Pull-up Resistor: R1 Resistance of coil = 330Ω

Provides sufficient base current = 12/330 =37mA

current R2 B C made by SIEMENS

Base resistor prevents

Excessive current E
 RELAY
COMPARATOR +5V

+3 open
Voltage
regulator

-2 MCP602 close

V ref = 3V gnd

PIC16C54 features: +5V

Have HAVARD architecture

in which program and data
are accessed with separate 14
memory. 4
Wide operating voltage 5 20
range(2-5.5V)

8-bit data buses.

17
4 interrupt sources.

35 instructions.

Direct , indirect & relative

addressing modes.

13 I/O pins.

Lower power consumption. To four loads

Current - 15μA

On-chip oscillator.

All single cycle instruction.

Operating speed -20MHz.

4Mhz crystal to provide clock although there is internal oscillator inside the microcontroller