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STRUCTURA CURSULUI
LECTIA 2: Articolul
LECTIA 8: Prepozitii
Fonetica (Phonetics)
Vocale ( vowels)
Consoane (consonants)
Diftongi (diphthongs)
Vocale (vowels)
voiced voiceless
!
book pen
day town
give cat
very fish
the think
zoo say
vision she
jump cheese
look
run
yes
we
moon
name
sing
day
eye
boy
mouth
nose (UK)
nose (US)
ear (UK)
hair (UK)
pure (UK)
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/ h&nd / hand
restaurant
happy
butter (US)
influenza
little
Accentul
Accentul
Accent principal (main stress)
Accent secundar (secondary stress)
Despărţirea silabelor (syllable division)
main stress
expectation
secondary stress
retell
. syllable division
system
y [wai]
z [zed]
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A Alpha B Boy
C Charlie D Day
E Earth F Fox
G Golf H housel
I Italy J Joy
K Kilo L Lady
M Michael N November
O Oliver P Pope
Q Question R Romeo
S School T Tax
U Uniform V Victoria
W Whisky X X – ray
Y Yankee Z Zoo
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First
Last
Name/Christian Middle
(Middle Name/Surna
Name (primul Name
sau Initial) me
nume sau (al doilea
(Initiala) (Numele de
numele de nume)
familie)
botez)
Helen Beatrice M Brown
David Mark W Smith
Dialog
Dialogue
What's your full name please? – Care este numele tau complet?
Sorry , what was your last name again? – Imi pare rau, imi puteti
repeta numele dvs. de familie?
Pascalli.
I'm sorry I don't understand. Could you repeat that more slowly please.
– Imi pare rau darn u inteleg. Ati putea repeta dar mai rar, va rog.
Pasc-all-i.
How do you write that? Could you spell it please? – Cum se scrie? Ati
putea sa-mi spuneti pe litere, va rog?
Maria
Pardon? – Pardon?
Maria – M-a-r-i-a.
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And what is your telephone number please? – Care este numarul dvs.
de telefon, va rog?
2-3-8-7-1-8
Young male
(tanar barbat)
Note: Used with the
first name. (Se
Master Edgar/
Master foloseste cu
Stapane Edgar
prenumele)
Rarely used today.
(Este folosit rar in
zilele noastre.)
Adult male (married
or unmarried). (Se Mr.
Mr. foloseste cu genul Smith/Domnul
masculine – casatorit Smith
sau necasatorit).
Young or Adult
Miss
Female
Miss Thatcher/Domnis
(unmarried) (tanara
oara Thatcher
femeie necasatorita)
Mrs.
Female (married)
Mrs. Reynolds/Doamn
Doamna (casatorita)
a Reynolds
Female (married or
unmarried) (Femeie
casatorita sau
Ms. Brown/
necasatorita)
Ms. Doamna/Domnis
Note: Often used in
oara Brown
business. (Se
foloseste adesea in
afaceri)
Exercitiu: Exercitiu
Recapitulare Recapitulare
Lectia 1
1. Fonetica
2. Alfabetul
3. Scrierea cu majuscule
4. Titluri
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Articolul Articolul
A (articol nehotarat)
AN (articol nehotarat)
THE (articol hotarat)
Exemplu:
Exemplu
"The books are expensive." = (Not all books are expensive, just the
ones I'm talking about.)
Cărţile sunt scumpe. = (Nu toate cărţilr sunt scumpe, doar cele despre
care vorbesc.)
A / AN
THE
"The apple you ate was rotten." (Mărul pe care l-ai mâncat a fost
stricat.)
"She's got two children; a girl and a boy. The girl's eight and the
boy's fourteen." (Ea are doi copii; o fata şi un băiat. Fata are opt ani şi
băiatul are paisprezece ani. )
De exemplu:
Exemplu
the sun, the wind, the world, the North Pole etc.
!!! Totuşi dacă doriţi să faceţi referire la un anumit lucru dintre acestea
ar trebui să folosiţi a/an.
Exemplu
De exemplu:
"I could hear the wind." / "There's a cold wind blowing." (Am auzit
vântul. / Bate / suflă un vânt rece. )
"What are your plans for the future?" / "She has a promising future
ahead of her." (Care sunt planurile tale de viitor? / Ea are un viitor
promiţător în faţa ei.)
I go to university.(Merg la universitate.)
He comes to work by taxi.(El vine la serviciu cu taxiul.)
Exercitii
Exercitii
1. There were many dogs in the park. One dog was ___ Dalmatian.
We read a newspaper.
Hello Ann,
– articol nehotarat - a
– articol nehotarat – an
PRONUMELE PERSONAL
Nominativ Nominativ
I = Eu
You = Tu
He = El
She = Ea
It = El, Ea (pentru obiecte, lucruri neinsufletite)
We = Noi
You = Voi
They = Ei
Exemplu Exemplu
Mine = Al meu
Yours = Al tau
His = Al lui
Hers= Al ei
Ours = Al nostru
Yours = Al vostru
Theirs = Al lor
Exemplu
Exemplu
Dativ Dativ
(to) me = mie
(to) you = tie
(to) him = lui
(to) her = ei
(to) it = Lui, ei (pentru obiecte, lucruri neinsufletite)
(to) us = noua
(to) you = voua
(to) them = lor
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Acuzativ Acuzativ
me = pe mine
you = pe tine
him = pe el
her = pe ea
it = pe el, pe ea (pentru obiecte, lucruri neinsufletite)
us = pe noi
you = pe voi
them = pe ei
Exemplu
Exemplu
NOTA !
Pronumele posesive au aceeasi forma ca si adjectivele posesive
(my, his, her). Diferenta este ca obiectul urmeaza adjectivul
posesiv, darn u urmeaza pronumele posesiv. !
Exemplu: Exemplu
Possessive Pronoun: That book is mine. – Cartea este a mea.
Possessive Adjective: That is my book. – Aceasta carte este a mea.
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Acuzativ
PRONUMELE DEMONSTRATIVE
Possessive Adjectives
Adjectivele posesive - my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their sunt
adesea confundate cu pronumele posesive. Adjectivul posesiv face
referire la substantiv pentru a arata posesia.
Is that your car over there? (Aceea de acolo este masina ta?)
That is his teacher, Mr Jones. (Acesta este profesorul lui, dl. Jones.)
You are welcome to invite your husbands. (Ne face placere sa-I
SUBSTANTIVUL Apelative
Genul substantivelor:
Singular + s
singular plural
car cars
book Books
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cap Caps
roof Roofs
teacher teachers
day Days
boy Boys
lamp lamps
hat hats
cup cups
EXCEPŢII:
vocală + y + s
singular Plural
boy boys
day days
play plays
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Consoană + y = ies
singular plural
city cities
lady ladies
baby Babies
country countries
factory factories
Singular + s
Singular + es
Singular + s
singular plural
piano pianos
radio radios
domino dominos
Singular +es
singular plural
potato potatoes
tomato tomatoes
negro negroes
singular plural
crisis crises
thesis theses
analysis analyses
basis bases
singular plural
life lives
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wife wives
knife knives
shelf shelves
leaf leaves
thief thieves
wolf wolves
scarf scarves / scarfs
Substantive cu
SUBSTANTIVE CU PLURALE NEREGULATE plurale neregulate
A cup of coffee/tea
A glass of milk/beer/wine
A bottle of beer/wine
A sheet of paper
A drop of water/oil
A piece of furniture
A loaf of bread
An item of news
A bit of information/news/work/luck/evidence
A grain of corn/sand
A piece/word of advice
A pot of jam
A lump of sugar
A slice of bread/ham/cheese
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Genitivul
GENITIVUL
Genitivul sintetic
Genitivul sintetic
Exemplu:
Exemplu: Exemplu
singular plural
thief
church
tomato
fork
lamp
turkey
life
nose
potato
bus
Exercitiu
Exercise 2
singular plural
staple
wolf
piano
kangaroo
fork
cloud
fireman
friend
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hero
boy
Exercitiu
Exercise 3
Exercitiu
Exercise 4
1. bike -
2. cat -
3. cake -
4. watch -
5. invitation -
6. game -
7. box -
8. cage -
9. desk -
10. pencil -
Exercitiu
Exercise 5
1. scarf -
2. family -
3. boy -
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4. house -
5. city -
6. man -
7. child -
8. sandwich -
9. nurse -
10. shelf -
Exercitiu
Exercise 6
1. half -
2. kilo -
3. woman -
4. foot -
5. mouth -
6. sheep -
7. penny -
8. bus -
9. day -
10. fish -
Exercitiu
Exercise 7
1. ox -
2. roof -
3. potato -
4. knife -
5. deer -
6. chief -
7. photo -
8. brother-in-law -
9. video -
10. series -
Exercitiu
Exercise 8
1. tomato -
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2. tooth -
3. aircraft -
4. chorus -
5. mouse -
6. crisis -
7. passer-by -
8. radius -
9. grown-up -
10. crossroads -
Exercitiu
Exercise 9
advice, chocolate, jam, lemonade, meat, milk, oil, rice, tea, tennis
1. a piece of …..
2. a packet of ……
3. a bar of ……..
4. a glass of ……
5. a cup of …….
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6. a bottle of …….
7. a slice of ……..
8. a barrel of …….
9. a game of ……..
10. a jar of ……..
Exercitiu
Exercise 11
my boss's diary
my boss' diary
mens clothes
men's clothes
mens' clothes
- pronumele demonstrative
- adjectivele posesive
2. Substantivul
– Genul substantivelor
– Pluralul substantivelor
3. Genitivul
– Genitivul sintetic
– Genitivul prepozitional
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1 one
2 two
3 three
4 four
5 five
6 six
7 seven
8 eight
9 nine
10 ten
11 eleven
12 twelve
13 thirteen
14 fourteen
15 fifteen
16 sixteen
17 seventeen
18 eighteen
19 nineteen
20 twenty
21 twenty-one
22 twenty-two
23 twenty-three
24 twenty-four
25 twenty-five
30 thirty
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40 forty
50 fifty
60 sixty
70 seventy
80 eighty
90 ninety
100 one hundred
200 two hundred
250 two hundred and fifty
1,000 one thousand
2,000 two thousand
2,574 two thousand five hundred and seventy-four
1,000,000 one million
2,000,000 two million
1,000,000,000 one billion
Numeralul ordinal
NUMERALUL ORDINAL
1. Numeralul cardinal
2. Numeralul ordinal
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Jack is married to Ann. She is his wife and he is her husband. They
have a daughter and a son. The son's name is Mike and the daughter's
name is July. The live next to Ann's parents, John and Monica. John is
Ann's father and Monica is her mother. John is Jack's father-in-law
and Monica is his mother-in-law. Mike is John's grandson and July is
Monica's granddaughter. Ann has a sister and brother. Her sister's
name is Mary and her brother's name is Frank. Frank has two children,
Dave and Sharon. Sharon is Ann's niece and Dave is Ann's nephew.
Ann is their aunt and Jack is their uncle.
Exercitiu: Exercitiu
I my
You your
He his
She her
It its
We our
You your
They their
Jack Jack's
Zilele saptamanii
The days of the week (Zilele saptamanii)
Zilele saptamanii Weekend
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
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Exemplu:
Exemplu:
January Ianuarie
February Februarie
March Martie
April Aprilie
May Mai
June Iunie
July Iulie
August
August
September
Septembrie
October
Octombrie
November
Noiembrie
December
Decembrie
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Christmas is in December.
My birthday is in September.
Prepositions (Prepozitii)
Pentru anotimpuri folosim prepozitia in.
Recapitulare
Recapitulare Lectia 5 Lectia 5
2. Zilele saptamanii
3. Lunile anului
4. Anotimpurile
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Adjectivul
ADJECTIVUL
Adjectivele sunt folosite pentru a descrie substantivele. Adjectivele
sunt intotdeuna invariabile.
Exemplu
Exemplu: He is a good doctor.
NOTA !!!
ADVERBUL Adverbul
Adverbele modifica verbul. Ele arata How (Cum) este facut un anumit
lucru.
Exemplu
Exemplu: How does he she sing? - He sings beautifully.
ATENTIE!
ATENTIE! !
Adverbele de frecventa care exprima “infrequency” (nefrecveta)
nu se folosesc in propozitii negative sau interrogative:
Exercitiu:
Exercitiu
Adverb or adjective ?
1. I feel bad /badly about what happened yesterday. I didn't know you
were going to take everything so serious / seriously.
4. I could easy / easily convince him not to become too excited with
all the media attention.
5. He turned the car cautious / cautiously as not to drive into the nice
/ nicely laid-out border of the neighbours.
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9. She hasty / hastily ran down the stairs, quick / quickly picked up
her coat and umbrella and disappeared in the unusual / unusually
mysterious night.
Recapitulare
Recapitulare Lectia 6
Lectia 6
1. Adjectivul
2. Adverbul
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Top of Form
Exprimati in engleza urmatoarele ore:
Recapitulare
Recaptitulare Lectia 7
Lectia 6
PREPOSITIONS Prepozitii
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
At:
at + particular time (perioada a zilei): dawn, midday, noon, night, midnight, nine
o'clock etc.. e.g. at dawn.
at + meal (masa a zilei): breakfast, lunch, mid-morning, tea, dinner, supper etc..
e.g. at breakfast.
On:
on + day of the week (zi a saptamanii): Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday etc. e.g.
on Thursday.
In:
in + the + a part of a day (moment al zilei): the morning, the afternoon, evening.
e.g. in the afternoon.
in + month (luna): January, February, March, April, May etc.. e.g. in June.
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NOTA!!! Nu se folosesc prepozitii daca ziua/anul are each, every, last, next, this
inaintea acestora:
!
e.g. I go to England every Christmas ( not at every Christmas )
Aceste prepozitii explica how long (de cat timp) un eveniment, activitate, situatie
continuua:
For:
for + a period of time (perioda de timp): two days, one week, three months, four
years e.g. for the weekend.
My cousin will be visiting the West Indies for two months next February.
Since:
since + a point of time (perioada de timp) + past tense: last week, the war
ended, 1990, yesterday.
e.g. My sister and her husband have worked in India since 1991.
During:
during + a noun or phrase (substantiv sau expresie): the war, the nineteenth
century: e.g. during my schooldays.
e.g. Magda received many telephone messages during the last week.
While:
Before:
before + infinitive + -ing (Present Participle): to read, write etc.. e.g. before
eating. -
After:
after + noun (substantiv): the lesson, the meal etc. e.g. after the journey
e.g. Patricia was very happy after she won the tennis match.
Why did the Queen smile after the President shook her hand?
after + infinitive + -ing (Present Participle): to decide, say, report etc.. e.g. after
crying.
Until/till explica how long (de cat timp) continua sau va continua o activitate.
NOTA!!! Until/till au acelasi inteles: till este forma scurta a lui until.
By:
Until, till:
e.g. Tom's wife will stay here until/till the end of next week.
From - - - - to/until:
From - - - - - to/until/till:
Each day, Arthur works in the bank from nine till five thirty.
At:
at + the + place (loc): the cinema, theatre, school, cross roads etc.. e.g. at the bank.
on + a/the + surface of a place or object (suprafata unui loc sau obiect): shelf,
wall, floor, ceiling etc.. e.g. on the table.
on + levels of a building (etaje ale cladirii): first floor, second floor, top floor
etc.. e.g. on the ground floor.
on + parts of the body (parti ale corpului): his foot, her leg, our heads etc.. e.g.
on his left arm.
in + names of towns, villages, cities (nume de orase, sate): Warsaw, London etc..
e.g. in Brussels.
in + named places (nume de locuri): Buckingham Palace, the Louvre etc.. e.g. in
Windsor Castle.
in + streets, roads, avenues (strazi, bulevarde): Moniuszki, Fish Street etc.. e.g.
in Stratford Avenue.
in + the + weather (vreme): sun, rain, hail, snow etc.. e.g. in the fog.
in + parts of the body (parti ale corpului): his foot, her leg, our heads etc.. e.g. in
his foot.
Exceptii: !
at the moment on holiday in a loud/angry/quiet/low voice
at school in bed
at home in business
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at school in hospital
at school in prison
at work
at university
at 37 k.p.h.
e.g. At school, there are forty teachers and four hundred pupils. - no movement
(static)
Ambele prepozitii at and to pot insoti anumite verbe: intelesul verbului este altul in
fiecare caz: to throw, run, shout.
Bill threw a stone at me. ( a hostile action: intending to hurt someone ) – actiune
hostila
e.g. The businessmen travelled to Africa by plane and in Africa, they travelled by
car.
3. I'm afraid Jack is not in at the moment. He will be ……..holidays for 3 weeks.
degree.
3. Do these keys belong ……. your brother? I’ve found them ……. the floor.
Top of Form
Top of Form
aunt.
job.
Top of Form
page 29.
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uneducated.
liber:
On
For
At
To
At
In
For
With
Of
After
To
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About
With
On
For
Of
5. I'm so glad I got the contract. I'm really keen ... working in Japan.
To
On
For
With
With
From
About
Of
With
For
At
Of
9. For
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10. With
11. In
12. At
9. His wife is so jealous ... him she follows him everywhere he goes !
For
With
In
At
10. Yesterday I was angry ... you because I was in a bad mood.
14. At
15. On
16. To
17. With
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Recapitulare
Recapitulare Lectia 8
Lectia 8
1. Prepositions
– prepositions of time
– prepositions of place
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PREZENTUL SIMPLU
In limba engleza, prezentul are doua forme: prezent simplu si prezent
continuu.
A. FORMARE Formare
to swim / swim
I swim
You swim
He swims
She swims
It swims
We swim
They swim
Do I swim?
Do you swim?
Does he swim?
Does she swim?
Does it swim?
Do we swim?
Do you swim?
Do they swim?
Don't I swim ?
Don't you swim ?
Doesn't he swim?
Doesn't she swim?
Don't we swim ?
Don't you swim?
Don't they swim ?
Exemplu
Exemplu: Water freezes at 0 degrees. (Apa ingheata la 0 grade.)
Dogs bark. (Cainii latra.)
I am (I'm) swimming
You are (You’re) swimming
He is (He’s) swimming
She is (She’s) swimming
It is (It’s) swimming
We are (We‘re) swimming
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3. La forma negativa negatia “not” este alaturata verbului “to be” la La forma negativa
care vom adauga verbul respectiv cu terminatia “–ing”:
Am I not swimming ?
Aren't you swimming ?
Isn't he swimming ?
Isn't she swimming ?
Aren't we swimming ?
Aren't you swimming ?
Aren't they swimming ?
Exemplu: Look! He's wasing his car. (Priveste! El isi spala masina.) Exemplu
What are you doing? (Ce faci acolo?)
Exemplu: They're buying a new house in May. Ei isi cumpara o casa Exemplu
noua in luna mai.
What are you doing next Monday? Ce faci lunea viitoare?
Intrebari inchise si
deschise
Intrebari inchise si deschise cu Prezentul Continuu
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Intrebari inchise -
Raspuns lung Raspuns scurt
raspuns = yes sau no
"Am I reading a "Yes, you're reading "Yes, you are."
poem?" a poem." or "Yes."
"Is he/she reading a "Yes, he/she's "Yes, he/she is."
poem?" reading a poem. or "Yes."
"Are you reading a "Yes, I'm reading a "Yes, I am." or
poem?" poem." "Yes."
"Are we reading a "Yes, we're reading "Yes, we are." or
poem?" a poem." "Yes."
"Are they reading a "Yes, they're "Yes, they are."
poem?" reading a poem." or "Yes."
Raspunsuri
Raspunsuri negative “No” negative
Intrebari inchise -
Raspuns lung Raspuns scurt
raspuns = yes sau no
"Am I listening to "No, I'm not "No, I'm not." or
music?" listening to music." "No."
"No, he/she's not "No, he/she's not
"Is he/she listening to
(he/she isn't) (he/she isn't)." or
music?"
listening to music." "No."
"No, you're not (you "No, you're not
"Are you listening to
aren't) listening to (you aren't)." or
music?"
music." "No."
"No, we're not (we
"Are we listening to "No, we're not (we
aren't) listening to
music?" aren't)." or "No."
music."
"No, they're not "No, they're not
"Are they listening to
(they aren't) (they aren't)." or
music?"
listening to music." "No."
Raspunsuri
complete
Raspunsuri complete
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Intrebari inchise -
Raspuns lung Raspuns scurt
raspuns = yes sau no
"What are you "I'm learning
"Learning English."
doing?" English."
"He's learning
"What is he doing?" "Learning English."
English."
"She's learning
"What is she doing?" "Learning English."
English."
"What are we "We're learning
"Learning English."
doing?" English."
"They're
"What are they
learning "Learning English."
doing?"
English."
Exemplu
Exemplu
Exista insa si cateva verbe din cele enumerate mai sus care se pot
folosi la continuu dar isi vor schimba sensul: !
to see to perceive (nu se foloseste la aspect continuu)
Exercitii
Exercitii:
She is a teacher.
I love my sister.
I trust my husband.
I am reading a book.
She is writing a letter.
They are playing football.
My father is reading the newspaper.
We are learning Japonese.
His boy is playing chess.
I am doing my homework.
It is snowing outside.
They are driving too fast.
My wife is wearing a red dress.
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amiaza.
Recapitulare
Recapitulare Lectia 9
Lectia 9
1. Prezentul simplu
- formare
2. Prezentul continuu
– formare
Lectia 10
Lectia 10 – Lesson 10
Trecutul – past
TRECUTUL (PAST TENSE) tense
A. FORMARE
I learned
You learned
He learned
She learned
We learned
They learned
I swam
You swam
He swam
She swam
It swam
We swam
You swam
They swam
Did I swim?
Did you swim?
Did he swim?
Did she swim?
Did it swim?
Did we swim?
Did you swim?
Did they swim?
!
!!! La forma interogativa numai auxiliarul se conjuga.
Didn't I swim ?
Didn't you swim ?
Didn't he swim?
Didn't she swim?
Didn't we swim ?
Didn't you swim?
Didn't they swim ?
-y devine -ied daca este precedat de consoana:worry > worried - cry >
cried
Folosire trecutului
simplu
B. FOLOSIREA TRECUTULUI SIMPLU (PAST TENSE
SIMPLE)
ani.)
Trecutul continuu
TRECUTUL CONTINUU (PAST CONTINUOUS)
I was swimming
You were swimming
He was swimming
She was swimming
It was swimming
We were swimming
You were swimming
They were swimming
Folosirea trecutului
B. FOLOSIREA TRECUTULUI SIMPLU (PAST simplu
CONTINUOUS)
Eg: I was taking a shower when you entered the bathroom. (Faceam
dus cand ai intrat in
baie.)
Exercitii: Exercitii
I go to work by bus.
I play football.
He understands me.
We drink water.
3. I (see) you yesterday from the bus. Why you (use) a stick?
LIMBA ENGLEZA - INCEPATORI
13. He (have) a shower, then he (have) a shave and (brush) his teeth.
Verbe neregulate
Irregular verbs (Verbele neregulate)
abode
awaked
be was/were been a fi
betted betted
blest blest
burned burned
dreamt dreamt
dwelled dwelled
forbad forbid
gotten
LIMBA ENGLEZA - INCEPATORI
hanged hunged
kneeled kneeled
knit knit
leaped leaped
learnt learnt
lighted lighted
mowed
LIMBA ENGLEZA - INCEPATORI
proven
ridded ridded
sawed
sewed
sheared
showed
sunk
smelled smelled
sowed
speeded speeded
spelled spelled
spilled splilled
LIMBA ENGLEZA - INCEPATORI
span
spit spit
spoilt spoilt
sprung
stunk
strived strived
swolled
throve
trod
waked waked
wed wed
wet wet
Recapitulare
Recapitulare Lectia 10
Lectia 10
1. Trecutul simplu
– formare
– folosire
2. Trecutul continuu
– formare
– folosire
3. Verbe neregulate