• "little ice age" 1300, temperatures were very low, crops died out- led to famine

• Greenland Viking colony of Greenland died out during “little ice age”
1315-1322, people got sick often and population decreased, crop
• "Great Famine"
prices were difficult to control
Started in China in 1331, spread due to trade, led to emigration
• The Black Death and increased sanitation, ended in 1721 but vaccine did not
occur until 1947
• the Black Sea
In Vienna in the summer and autumn of 1349 between 500 and
• Vienna, 1349
600 people died every day
Black Death vaccine invented by American microbiologist
• streptomycin, 1947
Selman Waksman
• seigneurial prosperity

• craft guilds
Occurred due to the Black Death because production rates had
• inflation
fallen so there was a shortage of goods, meaning prices rose
Insituted in 1351 by English Parliament to freeze the wages of
• Statute of Laborers, 1351
English workers (so that wages could not keep increasing)
Extremists who hopped and courged themselves as penance for
their society’s sins in the belief that the Black Death was God’s
• flagellants
punishment for humanity’s wickedness- provoked violence and
hysteria against Jews
Began in 1348, founded specifically because there was a
• Charles University, Prague (1348)
shortage of priests and decay of learning due to the plague
Lasted from 1337- 1453 between France and England. France
ultimately won because Joan of Arc kept French troops out of
• The Hundred Years War
brothels and strengthened the morale of the army. Nationalism
and wealth flourished during this war
English claimed Aquitaine as an ancient inheritance, French
• Aquitaine
resolved to absorb the duchy into the kingdom of France
• Charles IV of France

• Edward III of England

• Battle of Crecy, 1346

Technological advancement during the war- first use of artillery
• "ring of cannon"
in the West. It caused the French to panic.
• Agincourt, 1415 English soldier Henry V gained headway at Agincourt
In 1428, Saint Michael, Saint Catheirne, and Saint Margaret
spoke to Joan of Arc, telling her that the dauphin had to be
• Joan of Arc
crowned and the English expelled from France. She is
responsible for the French victory.
• Orleans, 1429

• English Parliament
• nationalism