Do 12 9! A SIMPLE TH CATHOLIC C.L.S. BIBLE » DICTIONARY The first popular Catholic edition of tho Bible ever pub- lished in the yey . Revised Edition 1956 uae 523 | 1s PACES i MARS | HOLY BIBLE DOUAY VERSION ? With a preface by H. E. Cardinal Griffin ' SILVER coun CR Ae 8/@ waxes Postage 1/- extra j CATHOLIC TRUTH SOCIETY sston Square, London, 8.W.1 LONDON CATHOLIC TRUTH SOCIETYCATHOLIC TRUTH SOCIETY (Pounded 1868 —- Re-estublished 1884) President HIS GRACE THE ARCHBISHOP OF W Vice- Presidents TRE ARCHBISHOPS AND BISHOPS OF ENGLAND aND Wates rMINSTER, Chairman. General Secretary Hon. Treasurer Very Kev. Mor CANON TH. 1arrvek —— Koneet Benton, ©. Conuinewoob Es. onyeets. 1. To publish and disseminate low-price devotional works. 2) To assist all Catholics to a better knowledge of their religion, 3. To spread amongst non-Catholies information about the [ith 4) To assist the circulation of Catholic books, IT IS ONLY THE HELP FROM MEMBERS’ SUBSCRIPTIONS THAT MAKES POSSIBLE THE PUBLICATION OF C.T.S, PAMPHLETS MEMBERSHIP: LIFE SPECIAL ORDINARY fl 21)- per annum 10) per annum It is the practice of the Society, in order to enable its Members to assist in cafrying out its work as a public charity, to supply them, ‘without obligation, with the Society's Magazine C. lin the case of Life and Special Members) one £oj CTS. pamphiets. Many other Spiritual Privileges ave accorded to all Members and Helpers HEADQUARTERS: 38-40 ECCLESTON SQUARE, LONDON, $.W.1 Te. Victoria 4392 C.-T. BOOKSHOP: 28a ASHLEY PLACE, $.W. (Opposite Wrsraunster Cariepeat) PROVINCIAL SOCIETIES BIRMINGHAM * CARDIFF + LIVERFOOL © MANCHESTER + NEWCASTLE A SIMPLE CATHOLIC DICTIONARY Revised 1956 LONDON CATHOLIC TRUTH SOCIETY22nd Thousand A Abbot. The head of one of the larger ‘monasteries ; he is specially blessed often has the right to wear a mitre Feminine, Abbess, Abjuration, ‘The renouncing of false doctrine required from heretics “on their being reconciled to the Church, Ablation. Washing, a term especially applied to the purifying of the priest's fingers after the Communion in the Mass. Absolution. The forgiveness of sins by: the priest in the sacrament of penance. Abstinence, Days of. Whon meat is not permitted 4 Acolyte, One of the minor Orders ; term also used for servers at the altar in general, Acts of Martyrs. The proceedings of their ‘rial and death, recorded at the time, principally by notaries appointed for the purpose, Ad Limina Apostolorum, “To the thees- hold of the Apostles’; a term used for visits to Rome, especially those made officially by bishops and others. Adoration of the Cross. Part of the Office ‘on Good Friday, when the Crucifix is tunveiled and Kissed by the clergy and people. Advent. Firstor second comingof Christ the penitential season before Christ Affinity, All who are related by blood to the husband aie related in the same degree by affinity, to the wife; and vice versa. In baptism the minister and the sponsors contract a spiritual affinity with the child, so that between, them ino marriage can be lawfully or validly contracted. Agape. A name given to the brotherly feasts of the early Christians, Agnostic. One who disclaims any know- Tedge of God or of the origin of the Agaus Dei. A triple prayer occurring in the Mass and at the end of Litanies small pieces of wax which are stamped with the image of the ‘Lamb of Gad" and blessed by the Pope every seventh year of his reg, Alb. A vestment of white linen reaching tothe fet, worn by the priest af Mass. It is symbotical of innocence of le All Salnts, Feast of (Nov. 1). This originated, at the dedication of the cleansed and purified Pantheon at Rome under the title of St Maria ad Martyres in 701 i was later extended to the Universal Church as a feast of all the saints in heaven, | AllSouls, The commemoration ofall the faithful departed on Nov. 2; the Mass {s that for the dead, and the Ofice of the Dead is sid. Throo Masses may be said by cach priest. All altars are privileged on tat day. Alpha and Omega, ‘The first and last letters of the Greek Alphabet? hence denoting the beginning and end (Apoe 1:5, ete) Allar. Place of sactifce; an altar for ‘Mass must be of stone, duly conse rated, and contain relics of Martyrs portable altar-stones are also used. Altar’ Breads. Unleavened wheaten ‘ead, inthe form of waters, specially propared for consecration in the Mass Altar Cards, ‘Three cards placed on the altar at Mass containing the prayers to be said by the priest whea the use of the Sta i ok convenient Ambo. A kind of large pulpit with a owtieascent (whence te nume), irom ‘which in former times the Gospeis and Epistles were read, now in use in some pce. Ambrosian Rite, The ancient liturgy til use fa Milan, ‘Amen. A. Hebrew’ word expressing assent t0 the declaration oF prayer crise it follows [Amie ‘A rectangular piece of tinen ‘which the priest wears on his shoulders AE Mass after placing frst on his ihead, Te represents divine hope, which the Aposto calls the helmet of salva- tion (F Thess 3 £8).Benediction é Benediction, Rite Of. After the Blessed ‘Sacrament has been exposed for adora- tion, the monstrance or pyx contain. ing itis raised in the form of a cross to bless the people. Benedictus. ‘The Canticle of Zachary (Lk 1: 68) Benefice. A right of receiving the profits ‘of Church property, on account of the Uischarge of a spiritual office, Biretta. A black cap worn by a priest. Cardinals have red, bishops purple Bible, The ordinary name, since St Chrysostom, for the collection of the Books of the Old and New Testament, See InsptRATION, SCRIPTURE. Bilocation. The personal presence of the. same individual in-more than one place ‘at ‘the same time; this is fecorded of many Saints! eg. ‘St Phuip Neti and St Catherine of Ricel visited each other, without leaving their respective homes at Rome and Prato, Bishop in Partibus faidetium, A bishop consecrated to. a diocese. formerly fxisting in territory that later passed {nto non-christian control, Auxiliary Bishops: and. Vieers Apostolic gener ally have this. rank, ‘bat are now Usually called “Titular” Bishops, be- cause certain of those territories now fact include communities of hriatians Blackfrlars. The old name in England | for Dominicans Blasphemy. Any word or speech insult- tetsigs 1) Which set apat ap Blessings. (1) Which set apart person er tig for the service of Ga Wich favake the blessing of Godt on persons or things, Nemerovs forms of Elessings are authorived for different objects ex, ifferent classes of pert Sots, food, hos eld ship, a sways, telegraph, ete A simple bless: ing is given By the sign of the cross Rosaries, crvciixes, apd medals must be biessed by those having faculties for the purpose before the owner can fain the indulgences attached to theit Boat, A small vessel in that shape, con- faning the incense to be burnt in the Candlemas Ser cide gers ae De. The bose containing te ul Th or rma and sea tnd specs saa seman Dey ansnne hte Tiernan in ia, abe od scaly oud (Ukraine), Roumania, and the Near- East (em Manas Ric wee a Cc Calumay. The propagation of false accusations against our neighbour Calvary. (1) The mount where Christ wean crucified (2) A complete repre entation of the “Cruclfxon, with Eguresof oor Lady and St John ned mcrae two thisves, Calvinists, Besides adopting other Pro- festant doctrines, Calvin taught abso- Inte predestination and reprobation to heaven or hell, apart trom any merit br demerit on the part of maa Camera Apostoliea, The departinent of the Toman Court charged. with the Minniration of he Ponca xt hoguer, presided over by the Cardinal Cameringo.(eessurer or chainber= in : Camerlece Segreto, The title of'cham- Derlins of Camera Sogreta, or private partments of the Popes residence. Gandlemas. Feast ofthe Putifcation of Riva (Heb. 2}, when candles are blessed an distiogted tothe falta, fo be lighted during. the procession fad at Mass, and afterwards at the thurible, bedside of the dying. Candies Ganies Opal go oop iar a sige rey a a= szotenl ean, Tyo se noe Bares ot epeton clined Scent Be np toe cums 8 athe or ar coe capes, frmery Cee ee ating Ca ete esses seote eee ome ato ot hart rg anne ey aces Feat ie at bet hee hs 5 anne prt ates anon fe Ma Te prt of he Mas iagahe pegs chore ae ded Fi ee mee We fica Ueetanting. Toft ad So chips ad tng garment with ome aan og arent ih 7 © Cassock Capuchins. A branch of the Franciscan Order, dating from 1528 Cardinal. A name ‘frst given (in the th century) to the priest havin charge of the Roman parish churches or ‘titles, and now to the immediate Counsellors and “assistants of the Sovereign Pontiff, whose clection rests with them, The College of Cardinals, when complete, consists of 6 bishops, 50 priests, and i deacons, Carmelites. A Religious Order said to have been founded by Berthold, ‘« Geusader, who was "a hermit’ in Calabria. Alter sosing Elias in vision he retired to Mount Carmel, whore he was joined by other hermits. living there, who claimed their descent. in uninterrupted. succession from that prophet, ‘They woro given a rule in 1200 by Albert, Patriarch of Jerusa- lem, On crossing over to Europe they renounced the efemitica life and this and other mitigations of the rule were Sanctioned in 1247 by Innocent TV, who confirmed thom under the title of Friars of our Lady of Mount Carmel ‘There are also nuns of the same Onder: Carmelites, Discaleed, An austere re form of the Carmelite Order both for men and women, the work of ‘st ‘Teresa and St Joh of the Cross, aided by St Peter of Alcantara, They are barefooted. Carthusians. An Order founded in 1086 by St Bruno in a desert valley of the Alps 4,000 fect above the sea, near Grenoble, | called the Chartreuse, whence "the name, corrupted in igland into Charter-house, ‘This is ‘the only ancient Order which has never needed reform, The monks live fantirely apart from one another, meeting daily to say Vespers and Matins together. ‘Their rule is very austere, so much so that religious men of any of the mendicant Orders were allowed to exchange their Order for that of the Carthusians; but no one could pass from the Carthusians to any other Order. Religious are not now permitted to migrate to another Order, Cassock. The long black garment which is the ordinary’ dress of priests and ‘according to the season, cleris.Casulstry 8 Casulstry, The science which deals with cases of conscience, Catacombs. Underground passages and chambers, especially those "in, the neighbourhood of Rome, used by the early Christians for concealment and flso’ for worship and. barial. The bodies of "the arly martyrs, now honoured in’ the Roman churches, rested there fora time. In more recent ‘mes those bodies, with of without ames, which are found. with the roots of martyrdom are distributed TEr* veneration An diferent churches tHroughout the World. Catafalque, An erection like a bie, ‘whichis placed in front of the altar at 2 Requiem when the body isnot set. Giechism, A sommary of Christian doctrine, usually in’ the form of question and answer. Gatechumen. A person_not_ baptized ‘but under prepafation for baptisis Cathedral. The church in which. the ishop of a. diocese has his chair (cathedra) or throne, and performs the thief pontifical functions of the year Cathedratieum, Aa annual tax from the Ghurehes and beneficed clergy of the dhocese, exacted by the bishop and aid at the synod. thal or Universal. A. marke of the Church, "boute she subsite Gn al s, teaches all nations, and is the due ark of salvation for ail See Port, tte. Celebrant, The priest who celebrates ‘ass: the word is sometimes applied to the officiant in other ceremonies. Cemetery. ‘Sieeping-place’ or church- yard; ground’ set apart and. conse- Urated By the bishop to recive the bodies of Christians. The burial of excommunicated persons in a Catholic Semetery is tnlavefl; shosid such sn {ntermeat have been violently ected, the remains of the excommunicated person if the excommunication was Inajor’or of the graver kind) should beeshumed f distinguishable if not, the cometary shuld be reconciled by the sspersion of holy water solemly Blessed, as at the ‘dedication of & Chasuble Censure. A spiritual penalty imposed for the correction and amendment of offenders, by which a baptized person ‘who has’ committed a crime and 1 contumacious is deprived by ecclesi- stical authority of certain spiritual advantages, Chains of St Peter, Two were preserved, ‘one with which the Apostle was bound St" Jerusalem, the other at, Rome: ‘when the fornier was brought to Rome by the Empress Eudoxias about 439, i Pace iar the Ronan one, he {wo Joined miraculously, They arg st venerated In the church of St Peter td vincida. (Beast, Aug. 1) Chalice, A vessel of precious metal in the form of acup, specially consecrated tocontain the Brecious Blood at Mase, Chant, Plan, A solema style of distonic ‘unisonous’ musie, without strictly reanured time, which is beloved to have been sung in’ the Christian Chore since its fist foundation, Chantry. A chapel sct part for the | offering of Mastes fora partilar sou or intention, Chapict A general term for the Rosary ‘and other devotions which are aid ot beads Chapter. The body of canons of a ‘athedzal o other collegiate church; fan assembly of monks of other | Stigious. Character. A mark of seal on the soul which cannot be effaced. It is given by the Sacraments of Baptism, Con- fitmation, and Holy Order, and there fore these "Sacraments. cannot be repeated, stot God by Charity. A supernatural gift of G whieh te love God absve all things ind our neighbour a=. ourselves for Goa's “take.” We must love God becaase He is infinitely good in Hta- self, and infinitely good to us : and we Showr our love by keeping His com. mandments, Charity, Sisters of. An active order of ‘womiga foundes by St Vincent de Pan and St Louise de Marillae (Mlle Le Gras) in 1634-5, CChasuble. The outer and chief vestment "worn by the. priest at Mass, with & church, ross upon it in front or on the back, Childhood Ghilshood, Society of the Holy. For the redemption of pagen children foun. ded by Mar de Porbin-Janton and Mle riot in 184. Members, who rust be under 21, give one Bi. per Month, and theie aims Sipebee Humerous orphanages in the Dar East fd rescue abandoned Chinese babies. Chole. Prom. the Latin chorus, the singers atthe Divine Offices’ from tha sal place, the space between the altar and the nave caine to be Called the choir. Chrism. See Ores Grist” Word meaning ‘anointed’; @ name of our Lord Christian ‘Brothers. Brothers of the Chistian Schools. a. congregation of laymen founded for the elucation of the poor by St John Baptist doa Sale in 1684. The Yeah Chestian Brothers ate a separate body on similar lines, Christmas, ‘The Feast of cur Lord's Nativity’ (Dee. 25) and the scason accompanying it Church, Catholic. The union of all the faithfulunder oue head, Jesus Christ Church, Militant, The faltifal on earth stil‘ stateot warfare; dstiogushed from’ the Chorch tiumphant ia Churehing. "Tus blessing f wotnen after ‘child birth Cihorium, & canopy resting on columns above the altar? terms also used for the tabernacle. and for the yx which the Blessed Sacrament b kept Gisterclans. An austere reform of dhe Benedictine Onler founded” by ‘St Tobert in 1098 at Citeauy (Cster ium), whence the mame. His work vas tania on by St Stephen Hard Ing, who is regatded as the second founder Thecearealso Cistercian nuns Ghausura, See Excrostne Ghoister.” A ‘covered passage, usually ‘ound a quadrangle, in convent or monastery ; hones so a general ern {or religious houses and ie Glothing. Investing. a. postulant with the religious habit ob entering the novia Coadjutor Bishop. A Bishop appointed to help the Glocesan ‘Bistop. The appointment often includes te right Of Succession fo the see. 9 Communion Coat of ‘reves, Holy. The seamless gement wor by Christ and said to have been woven by our Lady, for which. the solliers. east lots et the Crucifixion. Te was brought to Troves by St Helena in the 4th century. Codex, An ancient MS., especially of the Holy Scriptures the most. tees brated of these are the Vatican at Rome, the Alexandrine and ‘Sinaitie in the British Museum Collation. A. subsidiary and limited repast permitted on a lasting day. College, "Sacred. Tho whole body of seine Colours, Ecclesiastical. White on feasts of our Lord and our Lady, and saints not martyrs; red on Pentscost, fasts (of the Precious Blond and of the floly Cross, and. feasts of Apostes and aartyrs; violet in Lent. Advent, and ‘Viher penitential times’ green on a Sunday’ or feria throughout the sexe of the year outside Paschal tide? black in Masses for the dead and on Good Friday. Coloars, Papal, At one time yellow and ted, bat Napoleon I having adopted these colours for his troops im Tlaly Pius VET, in 1808 chose white ‘and yellow, and’ these have since been Fetained, Commandments, Division of the Ten. ‘The Church foliows that of St August: ine, who places three relating’ to Ged in the frst table and in the second table seven relating to our neighbous, Commemoration. When two offices of greater and less rank occas on the Same day, commemoration is made of the lesser in the Orie and Mass Commendation of the Soul, Prayers recited by the priest at the bedside of 2 dying person, Communion of Saints. Al the members ot the Church, in heaven, on earths find in purgatory, are in ¢ommunion ‘with each other, as being one body in Jens Christ Communion,” Spiritual, An earnest desire to receive the Blessed Sacra mest when we're tot able t gam: municate in reality. Tt may well bs fade at any tne, but best fa time ofCommutation 10 emanations His Gage oa pom CoO. se onrce Soe Oot ue Cardinal CET ee wath ca ee at on ee Ee TE peste Cae x oto sree anes nape fr ets 4 ce dsgnd forbes contesoe has suflered: posecution for i Cina, te sacramest by which | make rong amd pve Chest tae Pike Bact at era oe popes ee prog om of ety, ion Cope Congregation. The body of people im Churchy as" distinguished” from the lengy (ot priesta and. religious) oninunity or oder bound tomether weve, without vole ow, Congregations, Roman. ‘Bodies com- posed of Cantinals et. for the trans. Eition, under the superintendence of the Pope, of. the business of the Church, Such are the Congregations of the Cousistory of the Holy Ofhce of the Inquisition (Bee Ingeastron) Stitites/of Regulars sof Propaganda ee. Consanguinity, Blood-relationship ; the Sograe is reckoned. according to the Stinber of steps of descent from the Common pares: 0 a brother and SGter aro'eclated in'the fet degree, third cousins in the fourth degree Eoneanglnity aa far av the. third Alogre fo an impediment to marriage, Stich makes not only unlawful but Tiwalld, alesse dlapensation "be obtainea Consecration, The form of words by ‘which bread and wine in the Mass are Uhanged into the Body and Blood of Chris. See Dupieation Consstrye ‘The assembly of Cardinals convoked by the Supreme Poti onvubetantial. The word inserted in tho Nivene Creed ages the Ariat al of he Diviity of Chris Contemplative Orders, ‘Those "which ovate themselves. to. prayer ahd Shiitade father than to missionary OF charlie woria i. tition, A hearty sorrow for our sing Sfecruse by term we have ollended Goo, who infinitely good in Himsclf si inaitely good. to us fogeher Sith rm purpove of smendinent. Perfect contrition is. that which proceeds purely from the love of God | convent Xdweing of slows men ot Tule and practising the evangelical | Conse, Usually applied to those of themendicant orders as diflerent from mous: do Bagand this term. is generally applied to all religious Fuses of women fo them so far that the breach or neglect of them would be sinful hn ample vestment varying in eR Sun, reaching to the feet, with & Corona, i hhood at the back, It is wor in many | solemn ceremonies but not by the Celebrant at Mass Corona. (crown) : a third part of the Rosary : synonymous with chaplet Corporal. The linen cloth on which the Body of Christ is placed when cone seorater Corpus Christl. A solemn feast, insti- ‘tuted in honour of the Most Holy | Sacrament, on the Thursday ater “Trinity Sunday. In France it called the Flle-Diew Cotta, A” common word (fom the Talian) for the shorter form of sur ice with sleeves now in general use, inell, Assemblies of the rulers of the Church. legally. convoked for. the settlement of ecclesiastical affairs. They are_usually (1) General or Grumenical, presided over by the Fope or his representative, (2) Pro Vincial, under the Metropolitan, (3) Diocesan, commonly called Synod Cowl. The choirhabit of monks: in- correctly used for the hood only. Credence, A table, usually at the Epistle side of the altar. on which requisites for Mass or other ceremonies are placed until required for actual use, feed, A'suramary of articles of Fait, ‘Those in use are :—(1) The Apostles Creed, believed {o have beeh com- posed’ by the Apostles themselves (Tim 1:13); (Qj The Athanasian, | said at Prime on Sundays (3) The Nivene Creed, formulated atthe Councils of Niciea and Constantinople in the 4th century and added to later: thisis recited at Mass on Sundays and certain feasts, and forms the frst part of; (4) The Creed of Pius IV, drawn up after the Counell of Trent, now in eneral use. whenever a solemn. pro“ ession of faith is required, eg.” on reception into the Church, ete Crozier. ‘the stad carried by the Bishop as symbol of the authority by which he rules his floc ve Gross, Sign of the, The external repre- sentation of the Cross of Chest, which has been the mark of Christians since the first ages. It is made by touching with ‘the right hand. the forehead, breast, left and right shoulder. We Dean put us in mind of the Biessed Trinity by the words, ‘In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost’; and secondly, to remind us by tho very form of the Cross which we make upon ourselves that God the Son died for us on the Cross. ‘The cross is signed upon the forehead, | lips, and heart when the Gespel said, to show that we must avoid sin in thought, word, or deed, and pro: fess our faith in these three ways. The Church is accustomed to bless every- thing with the sign of the Cross, (Cross, True. The actual Cross on which Christ was crucified, found later by St Helena, the mother of Constantine; many portions of it ‘exist, and are venerated as relies with special honour. Feast of the Tavention (or | fioding), May 3, of the Pxaltation, aller its recovery from the Dersians bby the Emperor Hersclius, Sept. lf (Crucifix. The figure of our Lord on the ‘Cross, oF the cross with the figure oa it. A’ representation of the erucifix must be above the altar when Mass is said. See Berssino, Crypt. The basement of a church, used for worship or interment, Cultus. “A Latin word equivalent to ‘worship or reverence. Curate. “A” priest who is a parochial assistant t0 a Parish Priest or Rector. Curia, Roman, The Court of the Pope. D Dalmatic. The outer vestment worn by deacons at High Mass, Dataria, The Apostolic tribunal for tl granting of favours by the Holy See, Deacon. ‘rise second of the Holy Orders Hiis duty is to minister at the alear, to baptize and to preach ; at High Mass he sings the Gospel and assists the priest Dead, Masses for the. Those offered for the Souls in Purgatory, to make satis- faction to God for them and shorten ‘their exile Deadly Sins. A less accurate name for- ‘marly in use for Casita Sis. Dean. First dignitaryin many cathedral chapters : a Rural Dean is placed over make the sign of the cross first, to a district of several parishes,Decalogue 2 Decalogue, The Ten Commandments Decretas, The. A collection of laws and decisions ‘made by ‘St. Reymond of Pennafort, at the command of Gregory 1X, Sn 1236, Dedication of Churches. The act by ‘which 2 church is solemoly set apart for the worship of God) under a Special title or invoration, Deiat, One who admits the existence of Supreme “Being, but denies all revelation. Despair. Asin against hope distrust of God's goodness and His promises to us Detraction, Tajury to our neighbour's character by making known, without a suficient cause, his real but secret faults, Devil, "Lucifer and the other fallen ‘angels who followed that evil spirit in his rebetion Devotion, Feasts of. Feasts which were ‘once. holydays. of obligation, the recept of hearing Mass and resting Bervile work on these days hav= ing been annulled by the Holy See, and theis special observance left the devotion of the faithful Dies lrae. Te sequence or hymn in the ‘Mass for the Dead. Dimissorial. Letters given by one ‘shop authorising the ordination of his subject by another Diet, ect of sountey with it lation falling under the pastorate Erone bishop. Dirge. Solem Offic for the Desd ; s0 ‘alle after the frst Antiphon Dirge? Discalced. Barefooted, as Discaleed Cal ae tinding th Discipline. (1) Laws binding the mem- bers of the Church in. conduct. as Gistinct from faith, (2) An instrament Gf penance in the form of a scourge Dispensation. The relaxation of the law inva particular case. A superior can dispense in his own laws, the Pope in all laws of the Church, With regard to the moral lar, based on the nature ff right and. wrong—which is ike God, ‘eternal—there can be 20 dis sation Bivination: Consulting devils or the Donatists Divorce, A separation betwee man and ‘wile, No human power ean dissolve the bond of valid’and consummated Christian marriage (what God hath joined together et not man put asunder,’ Me 19 :6) ; and any attempt to do 20 by a secular court is futlie and of no elect. The Church, how: ver, on sufficient grounds, grants Aivoice rom comma ie te eieves fone of the parties from the obligation of living with the other. See alse Neuer. Doctor. of the Church. Title conferred ‘ona Saint eminent for learning by the Pope or General Council. The Offices and. Mass for these have distinctive features. Dogma. A truth contained in Scripture ‘oF tradition, and. proposed by. the Church for the belief of the faithful Dolours, ‘Seven, Soven mysteries of ‘sorrow in our Lady's life; namely, (0) The Prophecy of Simeon ; (2) Ths Flight’ into’ Eeypt: @) The Three Days’ Loss; (4) Meeting Jesus carry: ing 1is Cross; (3) Standing beneath the Cross on Calvary ; (6) ‘The takirg down from the Cross; (7} The Burial of Jesus: There is @ Rosary or chaplet and also a scapular of the seven Dolours. Domicile, The place in which a person is living with the intention of remain- ing there permanently or has ia fact remained there ten years, Dominicans, “The Religions Order of ‘the Friars Preachers founded by St Dominic in. the 13th century. ‘The Nuns of this Order are also known by this name. The frst Order of St Dominic is that of men the second Onder that of the cloistered nuns; the third. Order, or Brothers and Sister of Penance of St Dominie, may ive in the world, but the Sisters sometinies live in community, and are enclosed, bat not strictly. Donatists, Schismatics who afterwards ‘became heretics, and held. that the validity of the sacraments depended tupon the moral character of the inister, and also that sinners could hot be members of the Church, They Dead, which is inconsistent, with the supreme prerogatives of Ged. were first condemned in 313, but ‘troubled Africa for many years after. obtain 0 Douay Bible 1 3 Evangelical Counsels ‘They were opposed by St Optatus and] The object is, 1) Consecration of the St Augustine, Douay Bible. The name of the English version of the Holy Scriptures founded | fon the Old Testament published at Douay in 1609, and the New Testa: ‘ment at Rheims in 1582, Double Feasts. The greater kind of feasts; these are divided into doubles of the first and second class, greater doubles and ordinary doubles. On doubles the whole antiphon is recited before and after each psalm. Dove. A symbol of the Holy Ghost, ‘who appeared under that form at the Baptism of Christ, Doxology. A formula of praise to God : especially the Glory be to the Father, ete, Dai A hontie meeting of two or other oven umber of persons with time and place previously arranged al taking art in it incur excommunication, and Iled are denied Christian burial, Duila (om a Greec word for served. "The honour and worship given to tke| Sainte That given to tne Mother of God, being something higher, called Byperdulis. E Easter. Festival of the Resurrection of Christ, It is celebrated on the Sunday, following the first full moon after the| vernal equinox. Tts date fixes that of] the other chief movable feasts of the| year. Ecstasy, State of. Being raised by God ‘to supernatural contemplation, so that the senses are suspended, though the will retains full power, Ejaculations. Short prayers or aspira- tions which can be often repeated, and ‘many of which are indulgenced, Elevation, in the Mass. The raising of ‘the Host and Chalice after consecra- tion, for adoration by the faithf Ember Days. The Wednesdays, Fridays, ‘and Saturdays following the. first Sunday in Lent, Whit Sunday, the Exaltation of the Cross (Sept. 14), and the third Sunday of Advent. ‘Their observance as times of prayer and fasting, received from apostolic tradi- | four seasons by’ prayer and thanks- giving; (2) Intercession for God's Diessing on the ordination of the clergy, which is held at those times, Eminence. The title of a Cardinal Enclosure, The rule of the Church which separates members ofa religious house from the world by the pro- hibition or restriction of intercourse swith those outside the walls. Encyclical, A circular letter addressed bby the Pope to other bishops of the Church, Energumen, One possessed by the devil Epiphany, or Manifestation of Christ (Jan. 6). Three events are celebrated {) The visit of the Magi to Bethle- hem. (2) The Baptism of Christ. (3) ‘The miracle at the marriage feast of Cana, Episcopate. (1) The fulness of the priest- hhood (according to some, a distinct order) received by a bishop at his consecration. (2) The body of bishop collectively. Epistle. The portion of Scripture read between the Collect and Gospel of the Mass, At High Mase it is sung by the Subdeacon. Espousal. A formal and binding promise ‘of future marriage, Eucharist, Holy. The Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist is the true Body and Blood of Jesus Christ, together with His Soul and Divinity, “under the appearances (species, oF accidents) of bread and wine. When the words of the consecration ordained by Josus Christ fre pronounced by the priest in the Holy Mass, there is made a conversion (of the whole substance of the bread into the Body, and of the whole sub- stance of the wine into the Blood ; which conversion the Catholic Church calls Transubstantiation. Under either kind alone Christ is received whole and entire and as a true Sacrament. Eutychians, “Otherwise Monophysites ; heretics who held that there was but fone nature in Christ; they were cone demned by the General Council of Chalcedon in 451, Evangelical Counsels. Voluntary Pov- tion, was decreed by St Callistus (221) erty, perpetual Chastity, and entire ‘Obedience, *Evangelists wvangelsis, Tho authors of the four Myospelss Saints Matthew, Mark, Lake, End john, In are they are distinguished by the tgures of a tanya Hons an ox, and an eaglo (Ee: 10) Exaltation of the Gross, See Cnoss Ex Cathedra, Sc Irate. Egcommunicaion, "An eclesiastia! conture, Dy which anyone is deprive of the’ communion of the ‘Chacch Formal sentence is ordinarily requieed: but in certain cates tis iacurted at nce by the commission ofa forbidden pi faa en cigs, Spleiual, A series of med Rrstons ont the. inthe of Teligion Usually made during @ period of retreat Exorcism, Prayers and ceremonies used Uy the Church to expel evil sprite Exocclst. One of the minor orders, Exposition. A devotion in which the lswsed Sacrament is adored publicly and solemnly; ovr Lord, a3 fe sits on His throne to recive. public homage and to give sasience ¥o al who come me Unction, Sacrament of, The Egbinting. of the sek with ely ot accompanied with prayer (Jas 5:14, 45). Te is given to'the sick when in danger of‘doath. Its efccts are to comfort and strengthen the soul, to fermit si and fo restore health when Goal sees it tobe expedient. Ex Voto, Offerings made in return for he cromplshment ofa dese they erally consist of litle objects in liver of small pictures, EF Faculties, The approbation and authori- zation given to a priest, enabling him hear confessioas or exercise other fanctions requiring jurisdiction, Faith. A. supernatural gift of God ‘which enables us to believe without Goubting whatever God has revealed sve believe it because God is the very truth, and cannot deceive or be deceived, We know What God has revealed’ by. tho” testimony and “ Franciscans Talla Tie Sa ge i nce smn rte, nese Hae ee ey es | tide in’ English-speaking countries, Tut aot generally in other countries Fathers of the Chureh, ‘The most emi- nent Christian writers and Teachore of the frst twelve centuries Feat, Trepidation of the mind because cf present or future danger; grave feat from without is an inapediment to marriage, endoring vt inva Feria. A name given in the calendar to all weekdays except. Saturday, also the name ofa day on which 10 feast istept Fisherman's Ring. A signet engraved with the effigy of St Peter in the act Stine and wich dhe name of he reigning’ ‘Pope. Apostolic ries sre Sealed with i aad itis broken at the Pope's death. Flaminian Gate, The gate of Rome by which the. Flamingn Way. isoves forthward from the city, Hom out: Side this gate the Pastoral of Cardinal Wiseman’ was dated on the occasion of the English Hierarchy being recon: stituted in 1850. Forty ‘Hours, Devotion of. Solemn ‘Exposition of the Besed Sacrament for two days and nights, with special ayers and processions . Forum, Origitelly. market -place, im later times tribunal: the prtvilege of the forum is the right of clerics not to be subject to secular tribunals, The internal ‘or secret, forum. may be Sscramental (re. the sacramest of penance) or ‘non-sacramental che Prternal foram includes every. public txercise of eecesiastical jurisdiction Franciscans. Friars Minor, the Order founded by St Francis of Assisi (died authority of the Catholic Church. 1226), practising the strictest poverty Pree Will ‘and great austerity of life. After his death it became divided into two great branches, Conventuals and Observan~ tines; the Capuchins date from a later Period, as also the Recollects and Alcantarines. ‘The second Order (of Nuns) are calted Poor Clares, after the founder St Clare, who received. the rule from St Francis, The third Order founded by St Francis is very widely spread, and, with certain mitigations ‘snd adaptations, was specially recom- mended: by Leo XIII as one most suitable t6 be embraced by those in the world desiring greater perfection, Free Will. ‘The power of clioice; being able to accept one object and reject another, Friar. From the French frare (brother), the title of members of the Mendicant Orders, Frontal. A cloth covering the front of fhe altar, varying tn colour with the G Gallican, sm. pasty or opinion which ‘unduly restricted the’ prero. gatives of the Holy See in favour of focal or ational churches of France or elsewhere. Gaudete Sunday. The third of Advent, 0 named from the Grst word of the Introit (Pail 4 4), Gehenna. A name for hell, fom the valley of Hinnom near Jerusalem, General Confession. A confession of the ‘whole life, or including several pars cular ‘confessions “necessary when Previous ones have been wanting in fhe required. Integrity, sorrow.” oF revolution. General of the Order. The Superior of ‘the whole Order, usually elected in General Chapter for some fixed term, Genutfect. To bend the knee, especially in worship of the Blessed Sacrament Girdle. A symbol of chastity, the cord with ‘which the priest or cleric bincs his alb, Tt should be of linen rather than slik, but may also be of wool, Tt is usually white, but may be of other colours to match the vestments Glorified Bodies. The bodies of Christ 33 Greek Church ‘They have four special gifts, vie, ) Inpassibility or incapability of sufiee. ing (Apoc 21:4); (2) Brightness (Me 13543, 1 Cor 13 74-43); G) Agility, OF power of rapid motion (@) Sub. tility, "becoming spiritualized (1 Cor 15:44). Thus Christ passed through the closed doors on Easter Day. God, The Supreme Spirit, who alone ‘exists of Himself and is indnite in all perlections God's Acre. An old English name for churchyard Golden Rose. An ornament biessed by ‘he Pope every year on Latare Sunk day, and Sent to Catholic Sovereigns or others of distinction, Good Friday. The day oa which the Church commemorates the Passion and Death of Christ. On this day on Which Christ was offered for our sins, the Church abstains from celebrating Mass. ‘The liturgy, changed in 1956: now consisis of four main parts: the Lessons, followed by the Passion according to St John; ‘the Solemn Prayers of the Faiéhful; the Adoration of the Cross; and a’ simple Com union service for celebrant, clergy and laity too, Theministers wea lack vestments and begin the service by prostrating themselves nsilence before dn altar which is completely bare, Grace. A supernatural gift of God, ‘reely ‘bestowed upon “us for “our sanctification and salvation, We ob: fain it chieny by prayer ‘and. the Sacraments. Graces that make pleas. ing (to Goa) ‘are those which lead directly to the sanctification of the ecipient : and these wien interior, are either habitual (otherwise sancti. fying) or actual. Gratuitous graces ar those which are given principally sor the benefit of others, and the vatious kinds are enumerated ia 1 Cor 12 [Gradual, Some verses of Scripture said or sung after tho Epistle at Mass; the book containing the plain chant used. clas teouchout the year adval Psalms. A title given to Psalms 11.133. 8 Greek Church. The so-called Orthodox ‘and the Saints aiter the Resurrection. Dut in reality schismatic Church, Tt ‘consists of those Christians who refuseGreek Rite 16 ‘to admit the supremacy of the Pope and acknowledge (or have acknow- Tedged) that of the Patriarch of Con stantinople, It is also heretical by asserting the Procession of the Holy Ghost from the Father alone, not from the Father and the Son. Greek Rite, Not to be confused with ‘the Greele non-Catholic church. See Byzantixe RITE. Gregorian Music. Another name for ‘plain chant, from the part which St] Grogory the Great (d. 604) took in improving and establishing it. Gremial. A cloth either of linen or ‘corresponding with the vestments of tthe day, placed over the knees of the Bishop ia many ceremonies. Greyfriars. A name for some Franciscans. Guardian,” Head of a Franciscan Con- ‘vent, Guardian Angels. Angels divinely ap- ‘pointed to protect and guide each individual soul throughout life. (Feast, et. 2). H Hagiography. Sacred writings: lives of saints, Halo, See AvuRzoLe Heaven, The place and state where the end shall ee, lve, and enjoy Go for ver in glory and happiness Hebdomadary. A canon or other who fakes a weekly turn aa offciant in hott, Hell, The place and state where the fallen “angels and lost souls. are punished eternally. Heresy, ‘The rejection of one or more eveaied truths by one who has been baptized, and haw profested the Christian religion, Hermit. From. the Greek word for desert, one who leads a sli retired ite, Hierarchy, ‘The organization of ranks fand orders in the Church Holiness. A. marke of the Church, Docause she teaches a holy doctrine and is distinguished by the eminent Holiness of so, many thousands of her children, Also an official title of the Supreme Ponti Holy Ghost. ‘The Third Person of the Blessed inity who proceeds from the | Hypostatie Union Father and the Son, and is equal to them; for He is the same Lord and Goal as they are: Ser Fvtrs, Gree Holy ‘Places. Jerusalem and. otier places sanctiked by” our. Love's presence when on earth. A collection Er'support of the suuctuarise therein is often mage oa Good Friday Holy Water. Water mixed with a litle salt, and blessed by a priest I: is used to bless persons and” things, and’ to drive away evil pit Holy "Week. The weele immediately Dreveding Easter. “The Church, com- Femorates the Passion of Chris. The Iturgy of Holy Weele ras recast in 1936, the ciel ceremonies now being Gh Sanday the Procession with Blessed Palme; on Maundy Thursday the Mass of the Tors Sipper, celebrate in fhe evening; on Cood Eriday (qv {he Ruoralon ot the Cross, andthe Communion service; on Satirday, the Paschal Vig in the late evening, with the several Blessingsofthe New Fite, of the Paschal Candle and ofthe Baptismal Water; the Tenewal of Baptismal Promises by she faithfal; and the Mase at smidaight, to which Tour the Lenton obligation of fasting and abstinence is now prolonged Hope. A supernatural gilt of God, by hich we hemly trust that God il five us eternal life and a the means Secessary to obtain it if we do what | He'requires of us. We must hope in ‘od because He is infinitely good, {niuitely powerful, and faithfu!¢ Fis pro Hosanna. A Hebrew word taken from Dati? 25, meaning, ‘0 Lord, save, wre pray.) it was with. this joyfal Scclammation that the Jews met our Lord as He entered Jerusalem on Balm Sunday. 1 im excdsts (Ein the highest) forms part of the Sanctus in the Bass, Host 1) The bread (anteavened) which is oflered and consecrated at Mass; (2) Christ present under the appear: ince of bread after the consecration Hyperdalia. See DuLia. Hypostatie Unton. The union of Ch ‘body. and soul with the Person (oF hhypostasie) of God the Son, Iconoclast v7 I Iconoclast. A breaker of images. The false doctrine that the use of imagesis unlawful in church. was especially >prevalentin the Bth and 9eh centuries, Batis a tonet of many heretical sects Molatry. Setting up anything dicectly inthe placo of Goo. Tages. Of Chris, the B.V.M., and the Saloes: the Church teaches that they ought to be had and retained, and that due honour and veneration is to bogiven to chem. Immaculate Conception, The privilege of the Blessed Viewin, who, through {he merits of her Divine Son, was con- ceived without the least guilt or stain fof original sin ! a dogma of the Church since 1854. Immortal. That which can never dic. Immunity, The right to freedom from Secular interference which the Church possesses as to places, persons, and Property. It was ia defence of this that Se Thomas of Canterbury was mar- tyred. Impediments to Marriage. Circum- Stances which, fom the nature of the caoe, oF by te law of God or the chureh, provents people being married fawially or prevent. their being married’ at. all, ‘Those are called Impedient which make a. matriage uunlawfol and sinful to contract, and hose diriment. which prevent a marriage altogether, making it null if Attempted, such as. consanguinity, aMhnity, spiritual felatiooship, holy orders, previous marriage dusing the lie of the other party (wich no civil court of divorce ean undo}, difference fof religion, Le. with an unbaptized person, ete, It is to discover if any Impediment exists that banns ate published. The Church has power to Eispense in some impediments Imposition of Hands. An action denoting {rom the earliest times the confessing of blessing and grace ; an essential part of Confirmation and Holy Order Improperia, Verses expressing the reproaches of Christ to the Jewish people, which are sung during the Keoration of the ‘Cross on Good Friday. {Inspiration Tnearnation, God the Soa taking to Himself the nature of man ‘the Word was made flesh.” Incense, Used in many ceremonies of the Church, It signifies the zoal with which the faitnfal should ‘be_con- Bumed, the good odour of Christian Virtue, the ascent of prayer to God. Te wwas one of the gifts oflred to Christ by the Magi Index. A list of books of which the Teading & prohibited by “the Holy Induigence, A remission granted by the Church of the temporal punishment which often remains due to sin after its guilt has beon forgiven. By a partialindulgence, partol tho temporal Punishment of sin is remitted; by a | plenary indulgence, the whole "is Fomitted to persons rightly disposed. Indult, A licence granted by the Pope ‘authorizing an exception from the common law of the Caurch. Infalibiity, Papal. That tho Pope can- hot err when he speaks ex cathedra, 1. when, speaking’ as Shepherd and Teacher of all Christians, he defines doctrine concerning faith or morals to be held by the whole Church. Infusion, “Baptism js now “generally jiven by infusion, i, pouring water nthe Head, not by inversion In petto, Cardinals. Those appointed by ‘the Pope in consistory," their names fot being disclosed, but kept secret in his breast (peti) until a later time. Inquisition. A’ tribunal for the dis- covery. and prevention of heresy, instituted by the Holy See in the 13th century, and generally administered by the Order of St Dominic though not instituted by him. Since Sixtus V, the chief authority is vested in a Congregation of twelve Cardinals over which the Pope himself presides, and whose decisions have "an especial authority. It is also called the Holy Office. The Roman Inquisition must not be confounded with the Spanish, Which vas more secular and political in character. Inspiration of Scripture. A. super= ‘natural iinpulse by which God directed ‘the authors of the canonical books to write down certain matter predeter-Institute B.V. M. ‘mined by Him. The sacred writers are described as inspired because God breathed into them, or suggested the thoughts ‘which they wrote down (cf. Job 32 8 and 2 Tim 3 : 16). Institute B.V.M. (Dames Anzlaises) ‘The frst Religious Order of purely English origin instituted since the Reformation, founded by Mary Ward (formerly a Poor Clare) early in the 17h century. Interdict. An ecclesiastical censure by ‘which persons are debarred from the Use of certain sacraments, from all the divine offices, and {rom Christian burial. Interdicts are local or per- sonal, or may strike both places and jersons, eg. a province and its Inhabitants Infernuncto, A Papal Envoy toa minor Taterstices, The intervals, required iween the reception of the various Orders of the Church. Introlt. ‘Meaning entrance, a word applied to the anthem and pssim recited by the priest on ascending the altar at the beginning of Mass Irregularity. An impediment disabling ‘those who incar it from receiving oF exercising the Orders of the Church, Jantenism. A heresy which spread in ithe 17th contury, fegarding the relar tion of grace t0 see associated with extreme to piital matters under pretext of restoring the ancient dlciphne of the Gruen? ” a Jesulls, "Members of the Society of emis, instituted by "St Ignatius Loyola im 1334540. Jesus Christ. Ged the Son made man foros Hess:raly and wes always God, having one and the same nature with God the Father from all eternity ! He is truly man from the time of His Incarnation, having a body and soul like ours, Thus there are tao natores fn Jems Chris, the natore of God and 18 Keys Joys of Mary. () The Annunciation (2) The Visitation; (3) ‘The Nativity (3) The Epiphany { (3) The Finding i the Temple; (@) The Resurrection | 7) ‘The "Ascension, St Thomas. of fanterbury used to recite seven Aves pales nase often "A solemn plenary indulgence with additional privileges ; a celebra- ton atthe twenty Aith-orhitisth year (ct Lev 2510-16) Judgment, General. ‘The jadgment of all mankind when Christ comes agala, at the last day. Judgment, Particular, The judgment of ‘everyone at death, a8 well as at the last day : Tels appointed to men once to diey and after this the judgment {feb $ 229), Jurisdiction. Power over the mystical Body of Christ, which includes @ right of governing the faithful st large and judging the individual conscience before God. Besides the ‘power of Order which Christ gave His Apostles Stat is, besides making them Bishops and priests, by giving them power to offer sactifice and forgive Ehs—He gave them what is called a fission ‘of juriaiction, (Ja. 20 Rom 10 £14.45), This jurisdiction they Ga nok trams kas extaonde Sry and personal and given to them directly "by Christ; “bishops ‘now feceive thelt jurisdiction thraugh the Bishop of Rome, successor to St Peter, ‘Avcontessor most have jurisdiction given tohim before hecan act validly = fhe Cherch grants the necessary jure: diction to every priest who atvends the dying Justifcation, Not only the remission of in, bat the sanctiying and Tenowing af the interior man by the voluntary reception of grace and gifts, whence ian, fom “being. tjust “and can enemy, becomes just and a friend of God, that he may'be heir according to the hope of lie everlasting (Tit 397), K Keys, Power of the. The the nature of man ; but there is only ‘one Person, which is the Perton of God | the Son. ‘The name of Jesus means Saviour. ( Komen ok te The pone of isle ae taps, ct Sciatica aot Soe armies Kyrie Elelson 19 Legate, An ecclesiastic represent Kyrie Elelson, Lord have mercy upon us; the original Greeks, which is still retained in the Mass and other prayers ff the Church. L Lactcinla, Food made with mile of Stier cogaats substances, the use of Stitch “eas formerly: forbidden on stare Suaday, The fourth of Lent tare, Sunday, The fourth of Lent, Tagine from the frst word. of the Tatra ds 65°10. | tampa, Not only ised for Hight, but aR as a mark of honour before the Sitar of a statue of pleture, and of Shilgation before the Blessed Sacra- Seon ‘hey must contain of of aves Language of the Church, Mass is not ANNIE day. kangwage stil spoken. Btn,” Coptic, ‘Ethiopic. are’ dead languages? the Gresie Syriac, At ent and Slavonic, used ib the Titurey,, are diderest from” the modegn toagues of the same name Lot Blesing, ‘The plenary indulgence Tispartea by the pest to the faithful tug ar of death rast Things. The four to. be ever Momombeed are. Death, Judgment, Hill, and Heaven Lateran, Basilica of St John. The chief St cathedral church of Rome, founded ty Constantine. Over the entrance f Be tuscription : "The Mother and Head of al the Churches of the City thd’ the World,” Five General Cows Eis nave been held at the Lateran Lats, (From a Greeks srord meaning atesiate submission), the honour and Srorship due to God alone. pant Be See se can Litre As aggrepation of separate clls emanced bythe early monks of the Gecart san intermediate stage between tremitical and monastic hfe. “Lavabo. The washing of the priest's Ainge in the Mass (F> 25 16) a term also applied to the dich cloth, or place sed for waning hands Lay Brothers, hose members of a Figous community "who. do. not fective Holy Orders Lcetor, One of the Alinor Orders, con- fering. the oftce of reading the Malta, Knights of ig the ‘Holy See and armed with its authority. Lent, The forty days’ fast before Easter, ‘peginaing on Ash-Wednesday. Libera, ‘The last Responsory in solemn Matin forthe dead, also said or sang at funerals Limbo, (1) A place of rest where the ‘souls of the just who died before Christ ‘were detained, because none could go up to heaven before our Saviour, (2) A place where unbap- tized infants and any others who die in original but not actual sin, spend their eternity in natural happiness, Dut without the vision of God. Litany, A form of united prayer by ‘alternate senterces, Five forms are Authorized for public worship: (1) ‘The Litany of the Saints (2) Litany of the Bressed Virgin (otherwise the Litany of Loreto) ; 3) The Litany of the Holy Name of Jesus; (#) The Litany of the Sacred Heart ; (5) The Litany of St Joseph. Liturgical Books. The chief are the ‘Missal, Breviary, Ritual, Pontifical, Ceremonial of Bishops, aid Martyro- Jogy. The Gradual, Antiphonary, and Hymnary contain the necessary plain chant. Liturgy. The rites in the Western and ‘Eastern Church for the celebration of ‘the Holy Eucharist ; more generally, all forms of public worship approved by the Church. Lutherans. Followers of Luther, whose ‘most distinctive tenct was justification by faith only without good works, The Catholic faith on this point was folly defined by the Council of Trent. M Magnificat, The Canticle of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Lie 1:46) said or sung. at Vespers Malta, Knights of, A military religious ‘order founded in 1118 at Jerusalem for the reception and care’ of pilgrims ; called also Hospitallers or Knights of St John of Jerusalem. The island of Maita was given to them by the Emperor Charles V in 1530 but was ‘takea from them by Bonaparte in Agssgus in church, 1199.Manichees ‘Manichees, erotics named after Manes, ‘who, "with other false” doctrines’ Bdopeed the ancient Petia elie © supreme beings, one good, the ther evil the materia) world being fade by the latter. This. heresy Frequently reappeared under diferent forms or names, St Augustine followed it before his conversion, Maniple. One of the vestments worn at Mast by the priest and sacred’ mini ters; itis placed upon the left arm of a subsdeacon at his ordination, Mantelleta, "A short cloak without sieve, en by pean A longer ne Called mantellone is worn by prelates of an inferior rank. y Pe Marks of the Church, The Church has four marks by which we may know hers she is One she is Holy’ she is Catholie ; she is Apostolic Maronite Rite. An Pastern rite in the Catholic Church (Mass is sald in Syriac aad in Arabic) found especialy in the Lebaton, and also in other -near- Eastern countries, such as Tarael, | Syria, Beypt, Marriage. See Maranon. Martyrs From the Greek for a witness ; ‘one tho voluntary endures death for ‘the faith, or for some other virtue Ielating t0 God, Martyrology. ‘A eatslogue of ‘Martyrs and other Sainis, arranged according to thecalendar, with short notices ofeach, Mary. ‘The name of the Virgin Mother of God. Mass, ‘The sacrifice of the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ, really present fon the altar under the appeatances of bread’ and wine, and oftred to God | for the living and the dead. It is one and the same Sacrifice with that of the Cross,” inasmuch as” Christ, whe, cflered Himself a bleeding victim on the Cross to Hig heavenly Father, continues to ‘offer "Himself in. a vpboody, tanger on the “altar rough the ministry of His priest, Mass, High or Solemn. With incense, music, deacon and sub-deacon, ete Mass, Lov. Without musi, the priest ‘saying. and, not’ singing’ the "Mass throughout. Tt the Mass be sung, but withott deacon and subdeacon it is 20 Minister | Master of Ceremonies. The ecclesiastic entrusted with the direction of them, ‘whom all are bound to obey. Matins. Sec Onrrce Matslmony, ‘The Sacrament. which fharriage, and gives a special grace to those who receive it worthy. Melkite’ Rite (Byzantine Meikite or Greek Melkite Tite). Apart of the reat Eastern (or Byzantine or Greek) Fite in the Catholic Church (ase According to the Byzantine rte iy said in Arable or in Greek and Arabic) found expecally in Lebanon, and tise i ols ent Hast counin ach aslerael, Syria, Jordan, Egypt, Sudan, Iraq. See BezaNrive Rire. Mellfiuous Doctor. St Bernard (1153). Memento. The remembrance of the living oF of the dead which is made ta the base, Mendicant Orders. Religious. who, their rule, live entirely upon al. many cases, however, the rules have been subsequently mitigated in this | respect. Menology. From the Greek word for a month, a calendar containing the ames’ of saints; equivalent to Martyrology. Merit. The proportion which exists ‘between an action and its reward, To merit supernatural reward an action must be performed for God, done freely, and in a state of grace, and there ‘must be a promise on the part of God, without which we have no claim on Him. Metropolitan. An Archbishop who has suffragan bishops, Millenium. A supposed reign of Christ ‘with His saints upon earth for 1.000 years before the end of the wold. Belief in this, arising from a misinter- pretation of Apoc 20, was widely Spread in early times. Minister. One who serves at the altar, especially at Mass. Minister (of a Sacrament), One who has ‘the power of validly administering a sacrament. Tho minister must use the correct matter and form, and have an actual or virtual intention of per- forming the sacrament, or at least of called Missa Cantata doing what the Catholic Church does sanctifies the contract of a Christian’ init. For him to act lawfully, faith and a state of grace are also required ; but the absence of these does not affect ie validity. A priest Is the ordinacy minister of Baptism, Holy Eucharist, Penenee, and Extreme Unction, & bishop of. Confirmation and Holy Order, In Matrimony, the contracting parties themselves are ministers, as Srell-as subjects, the parish priest being prevent asthe appointed wit- Dest of behalf of the Chur. Miracle, An effect above human or} natural power | Missa. ‘The liturgical book containing the Ordinary and. Proper of Masses according to the Calendar. Mission. "A. course" of sermons. and exercises onthe Eternal Truths, corresponding to the retreats. of rivate individuals Mitre. Head-dress worn by bishops, abbots and some others, Monastery. A dwelling where men or ‘women fead a lifein community under ule and vows, St Pachomias, who | Dullt monasteries in the Thobaid. in 315, is egarded as their originator. Monk, ‘One who leaves. the: world to practise the counsels of peefoction in S'tmonastic order. St Anthony. the Great was the Grst to gather disciples round him to be trained in virtue, Monothelites, Heretics who held that Chest had only one. will, Tt was defined at the sixth General Council {ae Constantinople) that Christ ‘has wo natural yi, without division, change, partition, confusion, not con. trary to! each other, but the human HBL tolowing “and! subject wo "the Manstrance, The vessel in_which th Blessed Sacrament is placed for Exposition or Benediction Month of Mary. May, which i specially set apart for devotion to our Lady. Month's Mind, Special prayers and Mass olfered for the dead on the thirtieth day after death, Mortal Sin. & grievous offence against God. Tt is caled mortal sin because it Kulls the soul and deserves hell Motet. A'picce of Church music of rmderate length, adapted to Latin a Nalllty fined to those intended to be sung during the Offertory of the Mass. Mother of God. The Blessed Virgin ‘Mary, because Jesus Christ her Son, ‘who was born to her as man, is not only man but is also truly God. She is our Mother also, because, being the ‘brethren of Jesus, we are the children cof Mary. Mozetta, A cape with hood, worn by prelates and other privileged persons. Mandatory. A linen cloth used to purify the chalice at Mass, and for Similar purposes. Mystery. A truth which is above reason, Dut revealed by God. N Nativity, Feast of the. Christmas Day, Dec. 25: OF B.A. Sept. 8. Neophyte (acwiy grown). Term applied in the primitive Church to converts nowly baptized. Nestorians. Heretics who hold that there are to persons as well as two natures in Christ, Nestorius was com demned by the General Council of Ephesus in 431, which defined that Mary is the Mother of God. Nimbus. A. circular halo or glory depicted over the head of Christ oF the saints, Noctur, Part of Matins in the Divine Ores None. See Orrice. Novena. A nine days" prayer made in reparation for a feast, or at other Himes, after the examplo of the Apostles before Pentecost Novis. A member of raliious com: ‘musity who is undergoing tho pr bation required before inal and com- plete entry or profession. Nullity, Decxee of. This is in no sense the equivalent of @ divorce, oF dis- Solution of "a validly” contracted marriage, It is a declaration by the Proper ecclesiastical authority,” that The supposed marriage was nil and void from the beginning because some fscential condition for avalid marriage contract was not fulfilled, or because of the existence of a diriment impedi- words. The term’ was originally con- ment.Nun 2 Nun. A member of a religious Order of Nune Dimittis. The Canticle of Simeon (Lk 2: 29), a part of Compline Nuneio. A Papal Envoy, corresponding to the ambassador of a secular State. oO Oath. Calling God to witness the truth of what we assert, of our sincerity in what we promise Obedience. (1) A moral virtue ; (2) One ‘of the vows taken in religious Orders ; Ordinary Si oa Stee wl | Baie & Serra Order, and other consecrations aad GEES neice ting none ly Meet gia (3) Voluntary, an Evangelical counsel. | sects Obligation,“ Holydays. of. Days on ‘which Wwe are bound to hear Mass aed zest fom servile works, Besides Sune those observed in England are mas Day, the Circemetsion. the Epiphany, the Ascension, Corpus Giiist, "Ss.""Peter and Paul, the Ascompsion of our Lady, and All Oceasion of Sin. Any external circum- ‘stance in Which we are led f0 commit Octave, The continued celebration of a feast until tho cighth or octave day. Offertory. ‘The osering of the cements in the Afass after the Gospel ; hence become the general name for volun: {ary oftrings of the fathfl in the Ofies, Divine. A form of prayer com sisting of paaims, lessons, yas, ete, used by all the clergy and by religions of both sexes. ‘This oftte ts divided {nto soveral parts called. the seven Canonical Hours, vie. Blatins, ot Nosternal Ofice, fo which the Lauds, or morning praises of God te Bs, (hed, sixth, and ninth hours of prayer called Prine, Tore, Sex, and Compline, ons Office af B.V.M., Little. A short office in honour” of "the Mother of God, following the ‘order of Canonical Hours. Tt is aiven ‘a place in the Breviary and is daily fedted in many religious communities and by others or the faithful | Oils, Holy. Olive oil sotemaly blessed Gr. ace adantd fr payee. St, tpeealal' PRE,. Sei canara ast hae TE ay wy fever hecho SATE se ante i Reo. Sctin 0 meno ack te ode nies (pte te 2 BS ‘by the Bishop on Thursday in Holy. in his diocese. > on the shoulders. Every year on the Ordo Divint Ofte 23 Ordo Divini Officll. The calendar of Divine Offices for the use of the clergy. Original Sin, That guilt and stain of sin which we inherit from Adam who was| the origin and head of all mankind Ostiarius or Doorkeeper. One of the ‘Minor Orders. P Palla. A small linen cloth used to cover the chalice; originally part of the| corporal, Pallium, A band of white wool with four purple crosses worked on it, worn feast of St Agnes, two lambs are brought by the apostolic sub-deacon into the cliurch of StsAgnes at Rome, while the Agnus Dei is being sung.) ‘They are presented at the altar and received by two canons of the Lateran who place them in the caro of the nuns of St Frances of Rome at Torre de’ Specchi, who make the palliams from their wool. These are laid by the sub-deacons on the tomb of St Peter, where they remain all night. The Balm is orn by the Pope, and sent yy him to patriarchs, primates, and archbishops, in. token that | they possess the fulness of the episcopal Ofive, Palm. The emblem of martyrdom and also’ in general of heavenly reward (poe 7 #9). Palms, Blessed. On Palm Sunday palm, olive, and other branches are blessed, fand borne in the hands of the faithful in. remembrance of the triumphal entry of Christ into Jerusalom. Paraclete. A namo of the Holy Spirit, rendered’ advocate by some, by others comforter. Parasceve, Preparation, the day before ‘the Sabbath ; retained as a name for Good Friday in the Liturgy. Paschal Candle, A large candle solemaly ‘blessed and lighted on Holy Saturday, remaining till Ascension Day at the gospel side of the altar ; a symbol of the Fiery pillar which led the Israelites fom Fgypt, and of Christ, our never- Pelican Paschal Precept, The fourth command: tment of the Church : "To reveive the Blessed. Sacrament at least once a year, and that at Easter or there- Troita” Paschal Time, From Easter Day to the ‘end of the Octave of Pentecost Passion, The tuflerings of Christ; the narrative of the same in the Gospel Sang with special solemnity in Holy Week. Passion Sunday. The 6fth Sunday of Tent, Cructixes and images are veiled, and. the Gloria Pairt 18 omitted at Mass Passion-Tide, The season from Passion Sanday to Holy Saturday. Pastoral Staff, See Cnozisi Pate A pate used to rosive the Host at Maen Paternoster. The Our Father, or the Lord's Prayer. Patriarch. ‘The highest grade in the Iherarchy. alter the supreme Ponti, there are four great. patrlarchates Rlowandria, Antiocn, Constantinople, fd Jerse, Thee age vee mint tsiarchs, in Spain (ofthe Indies), o Elston, and of Venice Patron Saints, Those whose names have been received at Baptism or Confirma- on, or who have Been chosen as the object of special devotion, ‘There are sho. Patron. Saints of cities and Countries: these cannot be chosen by fhe clergy. alone, “but, the choice requires the consint of the peyple given by the secret sufirages of thelr Representatives, especially convoked for the purpose Pax, The kiss of peace in the Mass: aa instrument used for the same purpose. Pectoral Cross, A small cross of precions ret (sometimes adorned by jewels), worn on the breast by Bishops and, Abbots a5 a. mark of their ofice Canons tave sometimes the privilege of wearing Pelagians, arly hevetics who denied ‘original vn and the absolute necessity ff aivine grace ; their doctrines, how- ever, varied at diferent periods Pelican, An emblem of Christ in the ‘Blessed Sacrament, {rom the ancient idea that a pelican fed her young with failing light! ‘he blood from her own breast.Penance mo Penance, Sacrament of, The Sacrament Uyahich te sie we have committed aller baptism are forgiven The for Eiveness is conveyed te our sool by Priest's absolution, joiged “gith cane trtion, confession, snd satisfaction ‘A pest, however cannot exercise hs Power of forgiving sins ‘unless he Fecaive sito jurisdiction Penitential Plalms, A name given ‘9 Pralis 6, 31, 37, $0, 10h, 129, 142 which express sorrow for ‘sit end deare for pardon Pentateuch, The fist ve books of the Old Testamont. attributed to Maven Pentecost. Feast kept on the seventh Stnday after Eats to commemorate the Descent of the Holy Ghost pos fhe Apostles at Jorsalem The name 1s taken from the Jouish feast, when frstraits were ofeted ard the glvisy ofthe Taw celebrated, Which took lace ity" days after the pasth od passage ofthe Red Sea, Perseverance, Final. Ths special git in Virtue of whch & man feiains tne State of grace in the moment of death Peter's Pence: Origiully an annual ene fone. penny for ciery howe in ngland pa to the Holy See; now & general rm for collections made ot {ne support of the Holy Father Pita. Kepresentation of our Lady with the Body of Christ taken dove from fhe cross Pontifical. Relating to Bishops: a book Containing the sital ‘of "Eparopal Pontifical. ‘The ‘ornaments which a Tigh digeitary of the Chuseh usc in ciiciatingpontiicallys they’ are (i) Baskins, sandal, "glovesydalmatic tunic ig. pectral eros mites (white, gold; of precious): 2) cross, Bhronefaldstool, fremial ewes, cand, Poor Cares. ‘The second Onter of the Prancleana, founded by St Clare ot Assit in 1224, an austere ore! of Poor, Lite Sistere of the. This society ‘eas founded in 8540 in France forthe Spport and rele! of the aged and inten poor, who. ate chiefly tain tainat by the Sisters begging’ fom Presentation Pope, A word signifying father, applied to tie Bishop of Rome, who. the Vicar of Christ and visible head ofthe Church on earth, because he is the suceessor of St Peter. See INvatiie Portiuncula. 4 litte church near Assi fepaired by St Trancis, The inoue gence krown by this ame on the Bnd of August was granted fo. tine church at the request of the Salut and. aterwards extended to otter Shurches, Possession, Diabolical. A state in which an evil spint, by God's permission inhabits the bedy. Whee the deci attacks @ man in 9 somewhat cimilar manner from. without, itis ealled obsession, Preachers, Orde of. The offcin! title of thes Dominicans’ given thet by Innocent II, “ Precious Blood. The Blood ‘of Chris, 9 called because it Is tho pace by Which we "were. ransomed” (Peat July"). Fredella, ‘The plane immediately ia ‘front ofthe altar ve Predestination, The decree of God from the begianing {> sive to fife elect eternal glory, and the means 9 obtas fe Preface of the Mass. The introduction {o the Canon, terminating with the Sanctus. Te vaies with the season or feast. Prelate. One who is prefered above others in honoue or juediction Presbytery, Dwelling of a priest or presbyter Prescription. The acquisition of an object oF vight on the strength of Jong vadlistorbed possession. Presentation. (1) ‘The fourth joyful mystery, commemorating. the pre- Sentation of Christ inthe Fediplo forty days after iis Nativity, (2) Feast (Nov. 21), when the Presentar tion of our Lady in the Temple at the age of three years is celebrated. Thers isan Order bearing this latter ttle (founded 1777 in Ireland) for ‘the door to door. I Christian education of the poor es well as the rich, Priest 25 Relics Pulest, One ordained to participate in a | Purgatory. A place where souls suffer special manner in the ministry and lesthood of our Lord. It is the office of a priest ‘to offer, bless, rule, preach, bape.” Prime, See Oreice. for a time after death, if they depart this life in venial sin, or if they have not fully paid the debt of temporal punishment due to those sins the guilt Of which has been forgiven, Prior, Prioress. The title of a superior | Purificator. See MUNDATORY. ofa relghous house in most Orders. Privileged Alta. Aa altar with a plon-| ary tugulgence for one soul in Durga: toy attached to all Masts sid there| for te dead. Sometimes the priviloge is personal to the priest. Profesion, Religious, Tak ‘an Order or Congregation after pre- ‘ious probation and noviciate. Propaganda, ‘The Sacred Congregation of Cardinals and others de propaganda Jide, entrusted. with tho intereste of ‘ie’ Church in missionary. countries ‘Also\a college under the direction of feume, Propagation of the Faith, Association of, An svoiaton founded about 1819- 22 by Pacline Jaricot im Lyons, but now spread, tiroughost the. entire ‘world Tie contributions of the meme Tera form the chic! support of Catholic misions to the hentien, Propositions, Condemned. Sentences structed from the writings of aa| Stthor which are dangerots. to. the faithtu, and. are dherelore publicly Condemned by the Holy See and noted | ae temerarious, errondous, erties, tte, as the case may bo. Pootomartyr, ‘The ‘Sst martyr, St Stephen, cf England, St Albea Protonotary. Of of the frst Notaries of tie Apostate Se, succesors of thos | wno ta the early ages recorded. the ets of the Martyee Provinee. (1) The tcttory ia which the Dishops aro suifragans of one arch: bishop or metropolitan, (2) Tneligious Orders, that ia which tho members fre under one provincial sopetior. Provincial (of an. Order). A superior appointed to have authority withia tHE imi of certain province Provost, The head of a collegiate or llgious body the chief digaitary may. cathedral chapters, as” in Pyx. A vessel in which the Blessed Sacrament is reserved, Q Quarant’ Ore. See Forty Hours, ing vows in| Quast-Domicile. Residence in a place rth the Intention of remaining these {or more than six sionthe of ster Havingln fact remained therefor more than sx monthg, this cases any one Sequiring io Be subject to the laws and ented to the privileges of the iocatty. an Quinquagesina sunday, The Sunday Mrmaieely before Lest of watch the fret Sanday ie called ‘in’ Quadra: eesima, R Reception into the Church, The recon- ‘iliation of converts who have prob- ably been baptized ; consisting gener- ally in a profession of faith, condi tional baptism, and general confession Redeemer: A title of Christ, because THis Precious Blood is the’ price by jehch we were ransomed, Redemptorlats. The Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer fognded by St Alphonsus Liguor! in 1732, Refectory. The place set apart for meals in religious houses, Regina Caell. The antipbon of the TEAM, for paschal time; also sed ie place. of the Angelis, ‘moraing, noon, and evening during that seaeos. Regulars. Those bound by the thres ‘vows, of religion, and observing a Common rile (erula of life, according to the Order or Congregation to which they belong. Ralls The ead bodies or bones of holy persons, as also other things which Krave belonged to them ia their mortal eA more than ondivary veneration Miue to the wood of the Cross and England now (in other chapters the head fs called Dean or Archdeacon). other instruments of Christ's Passion,Reliquary 26 Reliquary, A case for relics which, when placed therein, must be securely Sealed and authenticated by eompe- fent authority before being exposed for veneration. Reproaches. See Iurornta Requiem. Mass or Office for the Dead, Rescript. The answer to a petition given in writing by a prince Reserved Case. A sin, the absolution from which is reserved to the Bishop, or to the Holy See, Restitution. To restore ill-gotten goods, without which the sin of taking oF possessing them will not be forgiven : Or to restore the good name of another who fas boon injured by speaking i of him, Resurrection of Christ. The Soul of our Lord, which had beea in Limbo since He died, was united again to Tis, sacred Body, and Christ rose from the dead, immortal and impassible, Retreat. Retirement from worldly intes- ‘course for a time spent in silence and spiritual exercises. The ordinary dura tion is three to ten days. « Ring, Episcopal. This is given to a ‘Bishop at his consecration as a marie of dignity and also as a seal and token of fidelity to the Charch, which is the spouse of God. Bishops generally wear avring with an ametayst, Cardinals with a sapphire, the Pope with a ruby; but this is a matter of custom rater than rale, Ritual. The approved order of a ceremony ; the book in which is sot dowa the order of administration of ‘the Sacraments, burials, various bless ings, ete Rochet, A linen vestment with close | sleeves, worn by Bishops, Abbots, aud others, Rogation-Days. Three days before ‘Ascension Day, when there are public processions with the Litanies, and for ‘which there is a special Mass. Roman Rite. The great Western Rite in the Catholic Church (Mass is generally “said in Latin) especial Sacrament Rosary of the B.V.M. A devotion in ‘hich fifteen deeades—each consisting ofa Pater, ten Aves, and a Glos fare recited, snd accompanied, gh of ‘them, by meditation on one of fiteon mysteries of our Lord, or of our Blessed Lady. Of the fifteen mysteries five are called Joyful, five Sorrowful and five Glorious, ‘The prayer are Counted by the use of beads, arranged jn order for five decades; thi scaled 4 chapiet. When the beads have been duly blessed, many indulgences can be fained by those ‘who. use or catry them. The aae._of "beads is ‘very ancient, but the Rosary traditionally is said fo have boon given and exugnt by our Lady herself £9 St Dominicas a means of overcoming the heresy then prevalent, . ¥ Rota, The supreme tribunal at Rome for the decision of questions of law, both clit and canon. Rubies. Dizections a3 to ceremonies Heh occur itrgieal books, so falled from ‘their being generally printed in red letters, «8 = Ruthenian Catholic, Christians who wse the Greek iturgy translated into Old Slavonic but own obedience to the Pope. See Unitep Gaenks Ss he seventh day on which God ested ‘after creation, ordered to be kept holy by the third commandment, The Church, in the time of the Apostles, transferred. the obligation from the seventh to the first day of the week in honour of the Resurrection of Christ, Sacrament. An outward sign of inward grace, ordained by Jesus Christ, by Which grace is given to our souls, ‘There are seven : Baptism, Confirma tion, Holy Eucharist, Penance, Ex- treme Unetion, Holy Order,” and Matrimony. When a Sacrament. is given there must always be (1) things for matter ; (2) words as form ; (3) the found in Western Europe, the Ameri. ge, hasta, lca and the Far East, son of a. minister having the intention of doing what the Church does, : Sacramental Grace a Sacramental Grace, A title to certain actual graces, to cnablo us £0 live up to the purpose of the Sacrament which we have roceived, Sacramental, Certain practices of piety comaonly #0 called on account of a certain situilaity to the Sacraments, eg. holy ‘water, and other things blessed By the Church. These do not of themselves give grace, but in Virtue of the prayers of the Church hep to excite good dispositions inthe Sacred Heart of Jesus. Foast, Friday alter the Octave of Corpus’ Christ The Sacred Heart receives supreme divine adoretion, being. inseparably united to the Second Berson of the Holy Trinity, Tes the symbol of the love of our Lord in dying for our redemption. Many dioceses have been oasesrated t0 the Sacred Heart and the festival has been raised to the fst rank. This devotion has become: popular in ‘the Church since the Epparition of our Lord to St Margaret Mary Alacogte, a Visitation nun, in the 17th contury, Sacrifice, a ‘rest to God alone, ia testimony of His boing Sovereign Lord ofall things. | Sactilege. A. profanation of anything oly oF dedteated to” God—persons, Places, things Sacristy. A place adjoining a church ‘ere’ tve ‘sacred ‘vessels’ and-vest| nents are kept, and where the clergy prepare for eetisiastical functions,” Salutation, the Angelic. The Ave Maria (Gail Mary). Salve Regina ('Hil, Holy Queen’). The antighon of the B.V.sI. irom Whi Bintide to Advent; also weed a8 @ prayer throughout the year Sanetifying Grace. That by which a man is constituted ‘permanently just or holy, the friend 3f God and His son by adoption. Charity almays. accom ses sanctifying grace, and. many Breat theologians consider that they rg one and the same thing forall she ffiests and. characteristice of the Sanctuary. The part of a church where ‘he altaf stands ;a hoy place to which pilgrimages are made. Stmbedrim, The Supreme Council of the Jewish nation at the timo of Christ (Mt 5: 22), consisting of seventy embers (Num 111 15} Satisfaction. Doing the penance given us by the priest in confession. Tt i also made by good works, mortibca tion, and gaining indulgences. Seala Santa, ign of 26 snarble steps {fom the house of Pilate at Jerusalem, which our Saviour ascended ; they were brought to Rome in 326 by St Helena, and. are frequented by” pil: grime, ‘who ascend. them on” their finees Scallop Shell. The sign of a pilgrimage finde tothe shri of S1°}enes at Compostela; hence aso, buvome the emblem of that Apostle himselt. Seandal. To lead ‘another to. commit fina sin against the fifth command mene, being equivateut to spiritual murder, Seapullat. A part of the religious habit ‘covering the showlders (capue), par Deng it front and part behind, Th scapular generally warn by the fits Cousists ‘of two small squares. of woollen cloth joined by Go strings. ‘This represents the habit ofa religious Order to which the wearer is assoc sted. The principal ones are? (}) Brown, of "the .V.M. of Mount Carmel, Our’ Lady’ appeared to st Simon Stock at Cambridge in he 13h centay, gat promnel, e a sogar rivilege forthe Carmelite Order, iat Mhosoever wore it at their death Bhould not suffer eternally” (Carmel ikea) 2) White, of the Holy Trinity (Trinitarians); (3) Black, of the Seven Dolours (Servites); (4) ‘Blue, of the Immaculate Conception, to which ‘usually large indulgences have been granted (Theatines) ; (9) Red, of the Bassion, revealed toa Sister of Charity in 1846, with the promise that those who wear it shall secelve every Friday's lange increase of Faith, Hope, and Charity (blessed by Vincentian) eis necemary to have a. scapular former are attributed in Holy Sori ‘ture to the latter, ‘blessed and to be invested with it (but | not on renewal).Schism Schism, Formal separation from the Church. me Schismatics, Those who refuse to be subject to the Supreme Ponti and to communicate with the members of the Gituret subject to him. Scruple. A fear of actions being sinful, ‘without sufficient ground for fe Seal of Confession, The obligation of Keeping “knowledge gained through stcramtental confession secret, even at the cost of death Secular clergy. The clergy of all ranks and orders twho serve Christ in the ‘world as distinct from the members of religious Orders, Seminary. A college for eclsiastica students, to be provided. in ev diocese according to the Council of Trent. Sentences, Master of, Peter Lombard (Ut) who wrote the four Books of Sentences, for a long time the chief handbook in the study of theology Septuagesima Sunday. The thicd Sun- day before Tent; violet, vestments begin ‘to be ‘used, ‘and the use of| Alleluia in the Divine Orices is is Continved until Raster Septuagint (Ix, seventy). The chiet Greek version of the Old Testament so called because, cording tole 72° Jews made it at Alexandra in 72 days. The Pentateuch was prob ably made in the dnd century BC, and the work comploted by sbout fentury later. Most of the Old estar Inent citations in the New Testament Were taken from it Seraphie Doctor. St Bonaventure (1274) Seraphic Order. The Franciscans. Sequence. A rhythm or prose between the Epistle’ and ‘Gospel. in certain | Masse Servile Work. Occupstion which em. ploys the body rather than the mind, Alfunnecessary servile work is strictly prohibited on Sundays and feasts Servites. Order of the servants of Mary, founded in 1233 by Seven Forontiae| Saints. "The ‘Third Order was founded in 1306 by St Jullana Fatconiest Sexagesima Sunday. The second Sunda; before Lent. ¥ 28 Stigmata Sext, See Orrice. Stroh hc of anit tinea eno ai cacy golonntemeni Sino. >t ny rel oo Noel hies, Shope ea, The tas in gk te eee ang eee BOE PS OS acre Se Siig a nevi a ay et Siar iat Pe PP dnc wean Big a eda Sito race, oe fe om mortal ec reas Sito te Uy af te Com, oh He oe |Site of the chutes of none Pope See Pad mS Stamatis rnbig those ot a keeps | SR tal eae of Seen ae eee Hemee ia dee Stipend for Mass 29 Stipend for Mass. Money given for say-| ing a Mass; not as price (which vwould be simony) but as'alms for the Support of the priest (1 Cor 9: 13) Stocks, Vessels in which the holy oils| are kept Stole, A loug narrow vestment worn at| ‘Mass, in the administration of the Sacraments, and at other times by priests, Tt is placed over the left Thonlder of a ‘deacon when he is ordained Stole-Fees. Offering made to priests ‘who administer the Sacraments oF perform other rites of the Church, Stoup. A vessel to contain holy water, Styles (ions the Grek syn, igi fying. pillar). Religious ‘men’ living open plasty There ware: several of these ih the East, of whom the most Celebrated was St Simeon (439), but only one was known in the Weel Sub-deacon, ‘The lowest of the Holy ‘Orders. Tt is his office to serve the Geacon at the altar, and ‘sing the Epiate Suffragan Bishop. The Bishop of a diocese included ina group over ‘which'a Metropolitan presides. Sunday. The frst day of tho week, ober a day” Of est om Apostolic times in place of the Sat bath, Surplice. A garment of white linen worn in'chois and in giving the Sacraments Suspension, A censure by which a cleric is prohibited from exercising some oF alt ecclesiasticab functions. SVP. Society of St Vincent de Paul a Synod. A term from the Greek, equiva: Tent to council; applied more expect ally to diocesan assemblies of the + clergy, presided over by the Bishop. T Tabernacle. The receptacle in which vessels containing the Blessed Sacra- ment are reserved above the altar. Te Deum, ‘We praise Thee, O God’, the hymn named after St Ambrose, which is said at Matins on feasts and on all ‘Thicd Order ‘Temporal Power of the Pope. His rights, as Vicar of Christ, to complete Sovereignty and independence in Felation to other sovereigns and states, Tenebrae. Matins and Lands of the ase three days of Holy Weeks when sung on the previous evenings. This Practice was modifed by the reform Sf'the Holy Week Liturgy in 1936 Terce. See Orrice, Tertiary. A member of one of the Third Orders (q.v.)- ‘Thaumaturgus. Worker of wonders. A title applied to various saints dis- tinguished for their many miracles, eg. St Gregory Thaumaturgus. ‘Thelsm, Belief in the existence of God, Theology. The science of God and things. belonging to God, or, more accurately, the sacred” teaching of divine things from those which have been’ revesled, Positive Theology explains and interprets the Scriptures, Fathers, and_ Sacred. Canons} Dog: ‘mate proves and defends the truth of {th, ne by scholastic methods draws conciasions from principles, partly of faith, and. partly of natural know ledge; ‘Moral regulates the conduct by the principles of revelation, and the laws of the Charch j sete! and ‘Mystical treat of the progress of the foul in the spiritual Mle and prayer. ‘Natural theology, 30 called, has refer- fence to the knowledge ‘of God ob- fined by purely natural light, and ts Sirletly 4 Branch of philosophy. ‘Third Order, First instituted by St Francis and St Dominic as a sort of middie term between the world and the cloister for men and women who should be bound by rule to dress more soberly and lead more regular and austere lives than ordinary persons, Each has its own noviciate, profes: sion, and habit. Other orders of Frieze have also third orders. Many Tertiaries live in religious houses in community. St Catherine of Siena and St Rose of Lima belonged to the third order of Dominicans, and St Louis of France and St Blizabeth of Hungary occasions of thanksgiving. to that of St Francis,‘Three Hours 30 Three Hours, A devotion practised on Good Friday, in remembrance of the fitee hoars our Lord remsined spon the Cross, ‘Thurible, The vesse in which incense is Dur the ceremonies of the Church ‘lara, The mitre with triple crown worn Dy the Supreme. Pontifi in solemn Panctions. Also called triregno. Tithes. The tenth part, held from the ariest times to be due to Got (see Gent £20, Lov 27: 30, Heb 73, cic), Thele payment isthe recognized filitiment. of the natural obigation incumbent on. the faithful to con tiibuto to the support oftheir pasto Nhich is also reckoned among. the provepts of the Church, ‘Title to Orders. ‘The Church requices that her clergy showld have the shears of suitably ‘aintaining. themselves. ‘The ordinary titles are tho possession of a benefice oF a. patrimony, or poverty (eligions profesion).” In Insionary countries, candidates may be onlained on the title of mission, hich iimpores on the Bishop. the esponsibility of providing for their support Tonsuxe, ‘The crown made by shaving the upper part of tbe head, which is istaictive mark of clerics and te- ligios ‘Tradition, Truths handed down from one. generation. to another; every Ctholic fs bound ‘most steadfastly fo admit and embrace apostolic and tccesiastical tection The faith has come down to us by two channels the Scripture, or written Word of God, find Trecition, which is the unwritten Srord. ‘There sre, however, two kinds UP tradition Tracition of the Church, and Traditions én she Chuseh, | the latior varying according 0 the Snthority and evidence ‘Translation, Tho removal of relies from fone place to another, on the anniver- Saryof which the feast of a Saint's Giten kept; he postponement. to Inter gate of the edlsbration ofa feast twhen it ocear on the same day 25 one Of higher rank : the removal of Bishop from one diocese to another Transubstantiation. See Evenawise. Vain Observance Frappsts. A branch of dhe Cistercian Onder voi very. strct observance Called after favir nest Abbey of La ‘Trappe in France ‘Treasury of the Church (or treasury of merits. Tho superabundant mers of Christ and the Saints, constituting in fhe hands of the Chasen a store of which others ay avail tise deswn Hom by the Chucch when she geants indulgences, rent, Coun of, The ninetenth Gen- tral Connell of the Church: opened In 1545, closed in 1363. Te defined the dovtines particularly attacked by the ion now Protestant, heresies” and logulated successfully to abolish cer- tele abuses which had been damaging agate life. ene | Meidaurn, A three days! prayer or fetal celebration. ye Pras Teinity, Holy. Tho thystery of Three Bessie Soe Cod nice, ‘Vestment proper to. sub deacons {similar to dalmatic), worn also by bishops under the dalmatic ca they ports fcate U | Umbrella. A small canopy held over tho ‘Blesed “Sacrament. in procession: mark of dignity to" which certain ersons or churches are also enttied. Inited Greeks, or Uniates, See BVZAN- aiNe Rive. Unity, A mark of the Church, Because all her members agree in one Faith, have all. the same Sacrifice and jaments, and are all united under one head. Urbl et Orbl. “To the City and the World—said of the solemn biessing | given by the Pope from St Peters Or from one of the chiel Basilicas on certain important occasions, Vv Vain Observance. Synonymous with ‘Superstition, of sin against religion by way of excess, e.g. belief in omens, dreams, etc Vatlean 3h Vatican, (J) Basilica : present building ‘erected in 1506-1626, is more com monly Known as St Peter's. It is Sacred as being the Durial-placo of the Princes of the Apostles and many Popes. 2} Palace; the chiof residence of the Sovereign Ponti. Vatican, City of the. The territory sub- ject to the direct temporal sovereignty Of the Pope, Tt was constituted by the ‘Treaty of the Lateran, Feb. 11, 1929. Vatican Counell, The latest General Council, not yet concluded. Tt was convokéd by Pius IX, and met Dee. 8 1865. "To Constitutions were, passed and confirmed by Apostaic authority, ne son the Cathohe fits, the otiet Son the Chareh of Christ, which the Pope's authority over all Christians Wee defined, The. Council was pro- Togued in Oct. 1870 on account of the SSEhtigions invasion of Rome Veil, (1) Humeral; worn by the priest Me Bonediction, and by” the sube eacon at High Mass. (2) Chalice: Which covers the chalice dering the beginning aud” end” of Mass: (3) Tabernacle: silk covering ordercd by the ritrice for covering the Taber hatte wherein the Blessed Sacrament Isreserved, () Nuns weat a white vel during theis novieiate and assume a flack“ one at their profession, as. a ark of thei sepafation from the world. Venerable, A title given to a servant of (Gor, the cause of whose canonization fies been formerky introduced before the Sacred Congregation of Rites of Rome Venial Sin. An offence which does not Til the soul, yet displeases God and bitten leads to mortal sin. Tt is called rial because it is more easly. par- doned than mortal sin. ye Veronica's Vell, St. The veil with which ‘te holy woman from the crowd wiped fur Lofd's face on His way to Calvary, Om which, His sacred’ features were Stiraculovsly imprinted, Tt is pre- Served in St Peter's, and another fold of eat Jach, in Andalusia Vespers. See Ormice. Vocation Vestments, The special garments worn, by the sacred ministers at Mass; ‘those worn by the priests are the amice, alb, and girdle which are of linen ; the inaniple, stole and chasuble of sill of other rich material, follow- ing the colour of the day. A’ cope is, worn at Vespers and other cere Viaticum, Holy Communion given to the dying. Vicar. A substitute or deputy, eg. the ‘Pope is the Viear of Christ on eartl a Bishop has a Vicar-General to act in his place. Viear Apostolic, A titular Bishop (or ‘occasionally a pricst) appointed by the Holy See to exercise episcopal juris- diction in countries where there are no episcopal sees established, ‘Vidi Aquam. The antiphon sung with ‘the first verse of the Psalm Confie~ int on Sundays during Paschal time in place of the Asperges and Miserere before High Mase ‘Vigil. Watching ; the eve of a festival. ‘Vincent de Paul, Society of st, A society of pious laymen founded in Paris, 1633, who mect in conferences ‘and devote thelr time to visiting the poor and other works of charity. Virtue, The order of love, according to St Augustine; or according to. St ‘Thomas, a good quality of the mind by which we live aright, and which no fone uses evilly. Vision, Beatific. The sight of God face ‘to face with the spiritual cye of the understanding, strengthened by a special aid called the light of glory. Visitation, (1) Visit of BVM, to St Elizabetis (feast, July 2); Salutation was another name in former days for the same. (2) Episcopal : periodical inspection of the diocese for its regu lation and good order. Vocal Prayer. That which is uttered by ‘the voice, not however without atten- toa of the mind, Vocation, The disposition of Divine ‘Providence whereby persons are called to serve God in a particular state of life,Votive Masses 32 2ucchetto Votive Masses, Those which do not | Witcheraft. Dealing with the Devil, Corresond withthe Ofic ofthe day. | ether. rectly ot through someoas Vow. A promise willingly made to God, | Who has a compact with him, 20 do something pleasing to Hzn Vulgate. The Latio version ofthe Holy Y Sereistion Paseel upon St Jerome's | year, Beclesiastical. This begins on the franslation from the original lan-| "greg Sunday of Advent (the Sunday fuages and. upon an old Latin toxt| Nearest to tho Teast of St Andrew) Speedy hms, his version has been| he chief movable feasts are regulated Recast, Bible of the Catholic e date on which Easter Church since the Council of Trent, | PY the date on which falls Ww Zz Yor, The name ofan active mes Way ofthe Cross. Se Stations, i eee Whit Sunday. see Pestecose be Willettias. ‘The old. name. for Car-|Zacchtto. A skullcap worn by lerea eae ver tonsa sin angus moos February, 1958 Studies in Comparative Religion Genera Bot: He Rey. Mgr Joba M. Barton 0.04 78 NINEPENCE EACH B01 INTRODUCTION, By ne BC. Meaumoen TD, R102 THE RELIGION OF EARLIEST MAN. By Rev. W. Senor SYD. R10) THE RELIGION OF LATER PRMITWE PEOPLES Biinemes R104 THE RELIGIONS OF CHINA ANDJAPAN. by Ray. } Mecntod Rev J.M. Manrn ROE HINDUISM by Rare. Jones S R106 BUDDHISM iy Pron. Lr a Vaiate Posi RO? CELTIC AND TEUTONIC RELIGIONS: By Pror. Jove MacNts and Prov. A.) R108 THE RELIGIONS OF MEXICO AND PERU. ly Rev. Gonce focrets SN.D. RD HE ABUGION Oe ANCIENT Dover by fo kau 9) 0 THE RELIGION OF BABYLONIAAND ASSYRIA. ty Rw A. Connon 8 RAM THE RELIGION OF ANCIENT PERSIA ly Por. A.J. Connor RUD SEMITIC RELIGIONS. hy Rr te. Mon fo Hoesow Bb. R13 THE RELIGION OF ANCIENT GREECE hy how. Manrinace 5, Rita THE RELIGION OF EANLY ROME ly these RUS THE RELIGION OF IN THE RELIGION OF THC HICUNEW PF THE RELIGION OF POHT-EXILIC JUDAISM, Byte ene, JESUS OF NAZAMIEEHL hy Row. C.(2 Marrnpats 9) THE APosTOLIC CHURCH. 11 ANTICNICHNIE CHRIETIANITY: fy Wy 7 FAW CONVERKON OF THI ROMAN UMPIRE ty fre Pre scum. Oy Rew aioe OF eR Easranat exons iy oe So RCH, iy nas Arroav ANGLICANIIN yaw 4° SEER ERS ESSE gee GHMITTAN SCIENCE yh Toon 5 Seinrruat Hy ewe COMMUNIIM AND RELIGION. by Rev. Leo Wor ‘Amuitosoray ov COMPARATIVE NEL CATHOLIC TRUTH SOCIETY 38/40 Eccleston Square London S.W.A PROVINCIAL socrerTES Satons Birmngtam 3 Jon: Datzom Sates, Mancossrek "2 Base Soman, namscnne Lisespoet ‘estar and Newcastle SE Rancnasren Sonsey,Livenrooe "BWemote Roso, Newcama () les 34 Cuanas Srants, Canoe