Question Bank Topic 2: The Microscopic World

Question Bank Topic 2
The Microscopic World
Name: ___________________________ Class: ____________ Class No: __________
Mark: ___________ Date:______________
Multiple choice questions
Unit 5
5.1: What is an element made of?

5.2: Symbols for elements
5.3: States of elements
5.4: How to classify elements?
(CDC guide: Elements, atoms and symbols; Classification of elements into metals,
non-metals and metalloids)
1 The chemical symbol of copper is

A C
B Co
C Cu
D Cp
C
2 The chemical symbol of bromine is
A B
B Br
C Bo
D Bm
B
3 Consider the following table:
Element Melting Point (oC) Boiling Point (oC)
W -200 -45
X 1245 1869
Y -58 37
Z 52 114
Which element is a gas at room temperature and pressure?
A W
B X
C Y
D Z
A
4 Which of the following substances is NOT an element?
A Diamond
B Glucose
C Oxygen
D Sodium
B
5 The table shows the melting points and boiling points of four substances at 1 atm pressure.
Substance Melting Point (oC) Boiling Point (oC)
W -189 -186
X -110 -40
Y -7 60
Z -9 10
o
Which substance exists as a liquid at -100 C and 1 atm pressure?
A W
B X
C Y
D Z
B
6 In which of the following substances are the particles furthest apart from each other at room
temperature and pressure?
A Nitrogen
B Calcium carbonate
C Sodium chloride
D Water
A
7 Which of the following elements is a metal?
A Phosphorus
B Chlorine
C Barium
D Sulphur
C
8 Which of the following elements has the highest melting point?
A Potassium
B Mercury
C Oxygen
D Helium
A
9 Which of the following elements is a metalloid?
A S
B Ne
C Br
D Si
D
10 Which of the following elements is a non-metal?
A Be
B B
C P
D Ag
C
11 Which of the following elements is a metal?
A H
B N
C Li
D Ar
C
12 Which of the following elements is a solid at room temperature and pressure?
A Carbon
B Chlorine
C Helium
D Mercury
A
13 Which of the following combinations is correct?
Element State at room temperature and pressure
A Magnesium Solid
B Sodium Liquid
C Iodine Gas
D Neon Solid
A
14 Which of the following combinations is INCORRECT?
Element State at room temperature and pressure
A Potassium Solid
B Bromine Liquid
C Beryllium Gas
D Fluorine Gas
C
15 Which of the following elements is the best conductor of heat?
A Copper
B Hydrogen
C Nitrogen
D Sulphur
A
16 Which of the following statements concerning metalloids is correct?
A Boron is a metalloid.
B All metalloids are widely used in making integrated circuits.
C Metalloids cannot conduct electricity at room temperature.
D Some metalloids are gases.
A
17 Which of the following statements concerning silicon is INCORRECT?
A Properties of silicon are in between metals and non-metals.
B Silicon is brittle.
C Silicon can be used to make semi-conductors.
D Silicon is soluble in water.
D
18 An element with the chemical symbol Fe
A is a non-metal.
B is a solid at room temperature and pressure.
C has a low melting point.
D is a metalloid.
B
19 Which of the following statements concerning elements are correct?
(1) Elements can be classified as metals, non-metals and metalloids.
(2) An element is a substance which cannot be broken down into anything simpler by
chemical methods.
(3) Ammonia is an element.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
20 Which of the following combinations are correct?
Element Chemical symbol
(1) Argon Ar
(2) Chlorine Ch
(3) Silver Ag
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
B
21 Which of the following statements are correct?
(1) All elements are made up of atoms.
(2) Ca is the symbol for calcium.
(3) Atom is light in mass.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
22 Which of the following statements concerning metals are correct?
(1) Metals are usually shiny.
(2) Metals are good conductors of electricity.
(3) All metals have high melting points.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
23 Which of the following are liquid elements?
(1) Mercury
(2) Water
(3) Bromine
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
B
24 Which of the following statements concerning phosphorus is / are correct?
(1) It is a liquid at room temperature and pressure.
(2) It is a non-conductor of electricity.
(3) It is a metal.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
B
25 Which of the following elements is / are gases at room temperature and pressure?
(1) Aluminium
(2) Chlorine
(3) Helium
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
D
26 Which of the following statements concerning oxygen are correct?
(1) It is a colourless gas.
(2) It is a non-metal.
(3) Air contains 78% by volume of it.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
27 Which of the following statements is / are correct?
(1) All solid metals are ductile and malleable.
(2) All non-metals are non-conductors of electricity.
(3) There are about equal numbers of metals and non-metals in the world.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
A
28 Which of the following substances are good conductors of electricity?
(1) Solid aluminium
(2) Graphite
(3) Molten sodium
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
29 Which of the following statements concerning bromine and mercury are correct?
(1) Both are liquids at room temperature and pressure.
(2) They are good conductors of heat.
(3) Mercury is a metal while bromine is a non-metal.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
B
Element Melting Point Boiling Point Electrical
(oC) (oC) Conductivity
W 959 2850 conductor
X -7 58 non-conductor
Y -39 357 conductor
Z -210 -196 non-conductor
Which of the following statements are correct?
(1) Element Z is a gas at room temperature and pressure.
(2) Elements X and Y should be bromine and mercury respectively.
(3) Element W is a liquid at 1 500 oC.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
5.5: Basic structure of an atom

5.6: Atomic number
5.7: Mass number
(CDC guide: Electron, neutron and proton as subatomic particles; Simple model of atom;
Atomic number and mass number)
1 Atoms are electrically neutral because

A neutrons are neutral.
B they have the same number of neutrons and protons.
C they have the same number of protons and electrons.
D all subatomic particles are neutral.
C
2 Atoms of the same element must have
A the same number of neutrons.
B the same number of electrons.
C the same number of protons and neutrons.
D different number of neutrons.
B
3 Which of the following statements concerning an atom is INCORRECT?
A The number of protons equals to the number of electrons.
B The number of electrons equals to the number of neutrons.
C The atomic number equals to the number of protons.
D The mass number equals to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.
B
4 The atomic number and mass number of an atom of an element is 9 and 19 respectively. The
atom contains
A 9 protons and 10 electrons.
B 9 protons and 19 neutrons.
C 9 electrons and 10 neutrons.
D 9 neutrons and 10 electrons.
C
5 An atom has an atomic number of 19 and a mass number of 39. Which of the following
combinations concerning the atom is correct?
Number Number Number
of neutrons of protons of electrons
A 19 20 19
B 20 19 19
C 39 19 20
D 19 20 20
B
6 An atom has 23 electrons and 28 neutrons. Which of the following combinations concerning
the atom is correct?
Atomic number Mass number
A 23 28
B 23 51
C 28 51
D 28 56
B
7 Which of the following combinations represents an atom with a mass number of 40?
of protons of neutrons of electrons
A 18 22 18
B 19 21 18
C 20 20 18
D 20 21 20
A
85
8 Which of the following combinations concerning an atom 37 X is correct?
of electrons of neutrons of protons
A 48 48 37
B 37 37 48
C 37 48 37
D 48 37 48
C
9 Which of the following atoms has the smallest number of electrons?
A 12753 W
84
B 36 X
C 19578 Y
80
D 37 Z
B
10 An atom of element X contains 80 protons and 121 neutrons. This atom can be represented as
A 12801 X .
201
B 80 X .
201
C 121 X .
80
D 201 X.
B
11 The atomic number and mass number of an atom of element X are 11 and 23 respectively.
Which of the following statements concerning X is correct?
A An atom of X has 12 electrons.
B X is a non-metal.
C X is a solid at room temperature and pressure.
D X can be represented by the symbol 12 11 X .
C
12 Which of the following species contains the same number of neutrons as 27
13 Al ?
25
A 12 Mg
20
B 10 Ne
32
C 16 S
28
D 14 Si
D
13 An atom must contain
(1) proton.
(2) neutron.
(3) electron.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
B
(1) Most of the mass of an atom is in its nucleus.
(2) Electron is the lightest subatomic particle in an atom.
(3) Electrons occupy most of the space of an atom.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
15 Which of the following can be determined if the atomic number of an element is known?
(1) The number of electrons in an atom of the element.
(2) The number of neutrons in an atom of the element.
(3) The number of protons in an atom of the element.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
C
16 If a neutron is added to the nucleus of an atom,
(1) the atom would change to an atom of another element.
(2) the mass number of the atom would increase by one.
(3) the atomic number of the atom would remain the same.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
C
(1) The mass of a hydrogen atom is nearly the same as that of a proton.
(2) The mass of an electron is negligible compared to the mass of a proton.
(3) The nuclei of atoms of all elements must contain proton(s).
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
(1) The number of neutrons in an atom of an element is determined by its atomic number.
(2) The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of electrons in its atom.
(3) The mass number of an atom is equal to the total number of protons and electrons in the
atom.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
B
25
19 The convention of atom 12 Mg indicates that this magnesium atom
(1) has 12 protons and 12 neutrons.
(2) has a mass number of 25.
(3) has 13 electrons.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
B
59
20 Which of the following statements concerning 27 Co are correct?
(1) It has 27 electrons and 32 neutrons.
(2) Its mass number is 59.
(3) It has 27 protons.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
21 Consider the information of three atoms given in the table below:
Atom
X Y Z
Number of protons 6 6 7
Number of electrons 6 6 7
Number of neutrons 7 8 7
Which of the following statements about the atoms is / are correct?
(1) X and Y have the same atomic number.
(2) Y and Z are atoms of the same element.
(3) X and Z have the same mass number.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
A
31
22 Which of the following statements concerning the atom 15 X is / are correct?
(1) X is a non-metal.
(2) There are 16 electrons in an atom of X.
(3) There are 15 neutrons in an atom of X.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
A
23 Which of the following statements concerning chlorine is / are correct?
(1) It is a colourless gas at room temperature and pressure.
(2) Its atomic number is 17.
(3) It is a metal.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
B
5.8: Isotopes
5.9: Relative masses of atoms and the carbon-12 scale
(CDC guide: Isotopes; Isotopic masses and relative atomic masses based on 12C = 12.00;
Calculation of relative atomic masses based on mass numbers and relative abundances of
isotopes)
1 Different isotopes of an element have

A the same mass number.
B the same physical properties.
C the same number of electrons.
D similar chemical properties.
C
2 Isotopes of an element have different
A number of electrons.
B mass number.
C chemical properties.
D atomic number.
B
3 The species 238 235
92 U and 92 U
A have different chemical properties.

B have the same physical properties.
C have different number of neutrons.
D have different number of protons.
C
4 The following ideas were those underlying John Dalton’s atomic theory, published in 1803.
Which idea is known to be correct?
A Atoms are indivisible.
B Atoms are very small.
C Atoms of an element are identical.
D Atoms of one element always differ in mass from those of another element.
B
5 Which of the following combinations concerning isotopes of an element is correct?
of neutrons of protons of electrons
A Different Same Different
B Same Different Same
C Different Same Same
D Same Same Same
C
6 Consider the following atoms:
Atom Atomic Mass Number of
number number electrons
W 18 40
X 20 40
Y 44 20
Z 96 44
Which of the following pairs are isotopes?
A W and X
B W and Z
C X and Y
D Y and Z
C
52
7 Which of the following is most likely to represent an isotope of 24 X?
A 5223 X
52
B 24 X
53
C 24 X
72
D 25 X
C
63
8 The relative isotopic mass of 29 Cu is
A 29.
B 34.
C 63.
D 92.
C
9 Element X has two isotopes with mass numbers 101 and 103. Which of the following is most
likely to be the relative atomic mass of X?
A 100
B 102
C 104
D 204
B
10 The following table shows the relative abundance of isotopes of boron:
Isotope Relative abundance (%)
10
5 B 20.0
11
5 B 80.0
The relative atomic mass of boron is
A 10.2.
B 10.8.
C 10.2 g.
D 10.8 g.
B
11 A sample of krypton consists of 45.0% 84Kr and 55.0% 86Kr. The relative atomic mass of
krypton is
A 84.9.
B 85.0.
C 85.1.
D 85.5.
C
12 Iodine (relative atomic mass = 126.9) consists of a mixture of two isotopes: 12563 I and 12573 I .
What is the percentage abundance of 12573 I in iodine?
A 10.0%
B 30.0%
C 70.0%
D 90.0%
D
13 The atomic mass of element X is 85.8. X has two isotopes, 85X and aX and the relative
abundance of 85X is 60.0%. What is the value of a?
A 86
B 87
C 88
D 89
B
14 The relative atomic mass of a natural sample of copper is 63.6. Which of the following graphs
shows the relative abundance of the isotopes?
C
60
15 The isotope cobalt-60 ( 27 Co ) is used to destroy cancer cells in the human body.
Which of the following statements about cobalt-60 are correct?
(1) It contains 33 neutrons.
(2) Its nucleus has a relative charge of 27+.
(3) It has a different number of neutrons from other isotopes of cobalt.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
16 17
16 Which of the following statements concerning 8 O and 8 O are correct?
(1) They are isotopes.
(2) They have the same chemical properties.
(3) They have the same number of electrons.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
17 Silicon has three isotopes. Their mass numbers are 28, 29 and 30 respectively. Which of the
following statements concerning the three isotopes are correct?
(1) The isotope silicon-28 has 14 electrons.
(2) The isotope silicon-29 has 15 neutrons.
(3) The isotope silicon-30 has 16 protons.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
18 Element X consists of two isotopes: 137X and 139X. The relative atomic mass of element X is
138.2. Which of the following statements are correct?
(1) The relative abundance of 137X is smaller than that of 139X.
(2) 137X and 139X have the same number of electrons.
(3) The two isotopes have different number of protons.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
(1) On 12C = 12.00 scale, the relative isotopic mass of carbon-13 is 13.0 g.
(2) The magnitude of the relative isotopic mass of an isotope is roughly equal to the mass
number of that isotope.
(3) The relative isotopic mass of an isotope is equal to the number of neutrons in the isotope.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
B
20 Consider the information of four atoms given in the table below.
Atom
W X Y Z
Number of protons 12 14 12 13
Number of electrons 12 14 12 13
Number of neutrons 13 14 14 14
Which of the following statements about the atoms is / are correct?
(1) W and X have the same mass.
(2) W and Y are isotopes.
(3) Y and Z have the same atomic number.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
B
21 A gallium isotope 68
31 Ga can be used to detect tumours. Which of the following statements
about this gallium isotope are correct?

(1) It has 37 neutrons.
(2) Its atomic number is 68.
(3) It has 31 electrons.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
B
5.10: The arrangement of electrons in atoms

(CDC guide: Electronic arrangement)
1 What is the maximum number of electrons that the fourth electron shell of an atom can hold?
A 8
B 18
C 32
D 50
C
2 The number of electrons in the first two shells of a chlorine atom adds up to
A 8.
B 10.
C 15.
D 17.
B
3 The atomic number of an element is 19. The electronic arrangement of an atom of this element
is
A 2, 8, 9.
B 2, 8, 8, 1.
C 2, 10, 8.
D 9, 8, 2.
B
4 An atom of an element has an electronic arrangement of 2, 8, 18, 5. The atomic number of the
element is
A 5.
B 10.
C 28.
D 33.
D
5 The following is an electron diagram of an atom of element Y:
(Only electrons in the outermost shell are shown.)

The atomic number of Y is probably
A 6.
B 14.
C 16.
D 18.
C
6 The atom of an element X contains 35 neutrons. The electronic arrangement of the atom is
2, 8, 18, 2. Which of the following combinations concerning X is correct?
Atomic number Mass number
A 30 35
B 30 65
C 35 30
D 35 65
B
9
7 The electronic arrangement of an atom 4 X is
A 9.
B 2, 2.
C 2, 7.
D 4, 9.
B
8 The following is an electron diagram of an atom of element X:
Which of the following statements concerning X is / are correct?
(1) An atom of X contains 14 protons.
(2) The mass number of X is 14.
(3) X is a metal.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
A
9 Two atoms, X and Y have atomic numbers (y-1) and y respectively. Which of the following
statements must be true?
(1) Atom X has one electron less than atom Y.
(2) Atom Y has one more electron shell than atom X.
(3) The mass number of Y is greater than that of X.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
A
10 Which of the following can be deduced from the electronic arrangement of an atom of an
element?
(1) Number of occupied electron shells
(2) Number of outermost shell electrons
(3) Number of electrons in each shell
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
11 An atom of element X has an electronic arrangement of 2, 8, 18, 3. It consists of 39 neutrons.
Which of the following statements concerning X are correct?
(1) There are three outermost shell electrons in an atom of X.
(2) The mass number of X is 70.
(3) The atomic number of X is 31.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
12 Element X has two isotopes: 39X and 41X. Which of the following statements concerning the
isotopes are correct?
(1) They have the same electronic arrangement.
(2) The relative atomic mass of X is between 39 and 41.
(3) They have the same physical properties.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
Unit 6
6.1: How to group elements together?

6.2: The periodic table
6.3: Patterns across the periodic table
(CDC guide: The position of the elements in the Periodic Table related to their electronic
arrangements)
1 The elements in the periodic table are arranged according to

A atomic numbers.
B atomic masses.
C number of neutrons.
D mass numbers.
A
2 Elements in the same period of the periodic table
A have the same electronic arrangement in their atoms.
B have similar chemical properties.
C have the same physical properties.
D have the same number of occupied electron shells in their atoms.
D
3 Elements X and Y are in the same period of the periodic table. Which of the following
statements concerning X and Y is correct?
A Their atoms have the same size.
B They have the same number of occupied electron shells in their atoms.
C They have the same number of outermost shell electrons in their atoms.
D They have the same chemical properties.
B
4 Which of the following elements belongs to the same group of the periodic table as sodium?
A Helium
B Fluorine
C Lithium
D Magnesium
C
5 Which of the following elements is a transition metal?
A Aluminium
B Calcium
C Copper
D Phosphorus
C
6 Which of the following represents the electronic arrangement of an atom of a non-metal?
A 2, 8, 1
B 2, 8, 3
C 2, 8, 5
D 2, 8, 8, 2
C
28
7 To which group does the atom 14 Si belong?
A Group II
B Group IV
C Group VII
D Group 0
B
8 Which of the following pairs of atomic numbers corresponds to a pair of metals?
A 4, 10
B 12, 15
C 5, 19
D 3, 20
D
9 Which of the following combinations of elements belongs to the same group of the periodic
table?
A Hydrogen, sodium, lithium
B Chlorine, bromine, iodine
C Helium, beryllium, argon
D Boron, silicon, oxygen
B
10 In the periodic table, the most reactive metals are in
A the upper left corner.
B the upper right corner.
C the lower left corner.
D the lower right corner.
C
11 The atomic number of an element X is 9. Which of the following statements concerning X is
INCORRECT?
A X is a non-metal.
B X belongs to Period 2 of the periodic table.
C X is a gas at room temperature and pressure.
D X belongs to Group II of the periodic table.
D
Element Group number
A Carbon III
B Magnesium VI
C Nitrogen VII
D Potassium I
D
13 Which of the following pairs of atomic numbers correspond to a pair of non-metals?
(1) 1, 7
(2) 4, 14
(3) 9, 18
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
B
14 Which of the following statements concerning the periodic table are correct?
(1) Across a period, from left to right, the number of outermost shell electrons in atoms of
elements increases.
(2) Atoms of different elements in the same group have different number of occupied
electron shells.
(3) Elements in the same period have similar chemical properties.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
15 Consider the following information about three elements, X, Y and Z.
Element Atomic number
X 12
Y 16
Z 17
Which of the following statements concerning X, Y and Z are correct?
(1) X, Y and Z belong to the same period of the periodic table.
(2) X belongs to Group II of the periodic table.
(3) Y and Z are non-metals.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
16 Which of the following properties show a gradual change across the third period of the
periodic table, from sodium to chlorine?
(1) Atomic size
(2) Metallic character
(3) Melting point
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
6.4: Group I elements - alkali metals
6.5: Group II elements - alkaline earth metals
6.6: Group VII elements - halogens
6.7: Group 0 elements - noble gases
(CDC guide: Similarities in chemical properties among elements in Groups I, II, VII and
0 of the Periodic Table)
1 Elements in the same group of the periodic table

A have the same electronic arrangement in their atoms.
B have similar chemical properties.
C have the same physical properties.
D have the same number of occupied electron shells in their atoms.
B
2 The chemical properties of an element depend on
A the number of isotopes.
B its relative atomic mass.
C the number of occupied electron shells in its atoms.
D the number of outermost shell electrons in its atoms.
D
3 The atomic number of an element X is 15. The atomic number of another element that belongs
to the same group as X is
A 5.
B 7.
C 23.
D 25.
B
4 Which of the following pairs of atomic numbers corresponds to elements with similar
chemical properties?
A 1, 3
B 2, 18
C 6, 16
D 8, 14
B
5 Consider the following elements:
Element Atomic number
W 4
X 11
Y 12
Z 19
Which of the elements is the most reactive metal?
A W
B X
C Y
D Z
D
Atom W X Y Z
Atomic number 7 17 8 18
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A W and Y belong to the same period.
B Y and Z have similar chemical properties but different physical properties.
C X is a non-metal.
D W is nitrogen.
B
7 Which of the following statements concerning halogens is INCORRECT?
A They all have seven outermost shell electrons in their atoms.
B All halogens are gases at room temperature and pressure.
C All halogens exist as diatomic molecules.
D Melting points of halogens increase down the group.
B
8 Calcium and magnesium have similar chemical properties because
A they are metals.
B they have the same number of outermost shell electrons in their atoms.
C they have the same number of occupied electron shells in their atoms.
D their atoms have the same electronic arrangement.
B
Element Group name
A Boron Alkaline earth metal
B Nitrogen Noble gas
C Phosphorus Halogen
D Sodium Alkali metal
D
10 Which of the following statements concerning alkali metals is correct?
A They react with water to give an alkaline solution.
B They are coloured.
C They have high melting points.
D They are found free in nature.
A
11 Which of the following hazard warning labels should be displayed on a reagent bottle
containing sodium?
B
12 Which of the following statements concerning noble gases is INCORRECT?
A They are unreactive.
B They are found in the atmosphere.
C All of their atoms have an octet structure in the outermost shells.
D They are colourless gases.
C
13 Argon is used to fill light bulbs because it
A is cheap.
B is unreactive.
C glows when hot.
D is colourless.
B
14 Which of the following pairs of atomic numbers represent elements with similar chemical
properties?
(1) 7 and 16
(2) 9 and 17
(3) 12 and 20
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
C
15 Which of the following statements concerning elements in the same group of the periodic table
is / are correct?
(1) They have the same number of outermost shell electrons in their atoms.
(2) They have the same chemical properties.
(3) They exist in the same physical state at room temperature and pressure.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
A
16 Which of the following statements concerning calcium are correct?
(1) It is less reactive than potassium.
(2) It can react with water.
(3) It belongs to the third period of the periodic table.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
17 Which of the following statements concerning elements in the same group of the periodic table
are correct?
(1) The atomic size increases down the group.
(2) The reactivity of elements increase down the group.
(3) The number of occupied electron shells in atoms of elements increases down the
group.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
B
18 Which of the following statements concerning noble gases is / are correct?
(1) All noble gases have 8 outermost shell electrons in their atoms.
(2) Their relative atomic masses increase down the group.
(3) Some noble gases are coloured.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
B
19 There is a gradual change in the properties of alkali metals from lithium to potassium. Which
of the following properties are in the order of lithium < sodium < potassium?
(1) Atomic size
(2) Reactivity
(3) Melting point
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
20 Which of the following statements concerning halogens are correct?
(1) All halogens are coloured.
(2) All halogens are toxic.
(3) All halogens exist as diatomic molecules.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
21 Which of the following statements concerning the periodic table is / are correct?
(1) Group II elements are alkaline earth metals.
(2) Across a period, from left to right, the melting points of elements increases.
(3) Elements in the same group have the same physical properties.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
A
22 Which of the following statements concerning noble gases are correct?
(1) All noble gases are unreactive.
(2) Their atomic numbers increase down the group.
(3) They have low melting and boiling points.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
23 Helium is used to fill airship because
(1) it is light.
(2) it does not burn.
(3) the air contains a high percentage by volume of it.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
24 There is a gradual change in the properties of halogens from chlorine to iodine. Which of the
following properties is / are in the order of chlorine < bromine < iodine?
(1) Density
(2) Reactivity
(3) Boiling point
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
C
25 Which of the following statements concerning neon are correct?
(1) Neon exists as monatomic molecules.
(2) The outermost electron shell of a neon atom has an octet structure.
(3) Neon is used in advertising signs.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
26 The atomic number of element X is 12. Which of the following statements concerning X are
correct?
(1) X tarnishes when exposed to the air.
(2) X sinks in water.
(3) X is extracted by electrolysing its molten ore.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
6.8:Predicting the chemical properties of unfamiliar elements

(CDC guide: Predicting the chemical properties of unfamiliar elements in Groups I, II,
VII and 0 of the Periodic Table)
1 A solid element X has a melting point below 100 oC. It is stored in paraffin oil in the
laboratory. X is likely to be a
A Group I element.
B Group II element.
C Group III element.
D Group IV element.
A
2 Rubidium is below potassium in the periodic table. Which of the following statements
concerning rubidium is correct?
A Rubidium reacts with water vigorously.
B The atomic size of rubidium is smaller than that of potassium.
C Rubidium forms coloured compounds.
D Rubidium is less reactive than potassium.
A
3 Krypton is an element which belongs to the same group as neon of the periodic table.
Which of the following statements concerning krypton is INCORRECT?
A An atom of krypton has an octet structure in its outermost shell.
B Krypton belongs to Period 3 of the periodic table.
C Krypton is a colourless gas at room temperature and pressure.
D A balloon full of krypton falls in the air.
B
4 Strontium is an element below calcium of the periodic table. Which of the following
statements concerning strontium is correct?
A It can be extracted from its ore by physical methods.
B Its atom has one outermost shell electron.
C It tarnishes when exposed to the air.
D It floats in water.
C
5 Caesium is a Group I element. Which of the following statements concerning caesium are
correct?
(1) It reacts with water to give an alkaline solution.
(2) It gives a characteristic flame colour in flame test.
(3) Its melting point is less than 100 oC.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
6 Strontium is below calcium of the periodic table. Which of the following statements
concerning strontium are correct?
(1) It is an alkaline earth metal.
(2) It is more reactive than calcium.
(3) It reacts with non-metals to form salts.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
7 The electronic arrangement of barium is 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2. Which of the following statements
concerning barium are correct?
(1) It reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to give hydrogen.
(2) It reacts with non-metals to give salts.
(3) It is denser than water.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
8 Rubidium is an alkali metal. Which of the following statements concerning rubidium are
correct?
(1) It reacts with chlorine to form a crystalline solid.
(2) It reacts vigorously with water.
(3) All its compounds are coloured.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
9 Astatine is below iodine of the periodic table. Which of the following statements concerning
astatine are correct?
(1) Its atom has 7 outermost shell electrons.
(2) It is a solid at room temperature and pressure.
(3) The Earth’s crust contains a high percentage of it.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
Unit 7
7.1: Ionic and covalent bonds

7.2: From atoms to ions
7.3: Predicting the charge of an ion
(CDC guide: Cations and anions)
1 Which of the following substances is a non-conductor of electricity?

A Alcohol
B Copper
C Graphite
D Molten potassium chloride
A
2 Which of the following ions contains the same number of electrons as an argon atom?
A K+
B Mg2+
C O2-
D N3-
A
3 In the circuit shown the bulb does NOT light
Which of the following changes would cause the bulb to light?

A Add more solid copper(II) chloride to the beaker.
B Add water to dissolve the solid copper(II) chloride.
C Replace the carbon electrodes with copper electrodes.
D Reverse the connections to the electrodes.
B
Atom W X Y Z
Which atom is likely to lose electron(s) during reactions?
A W
B X
C Y
D Z
A
5 Which of the following elements is likely to form an anion?
A Calcium
B Helium
C Iron
D Oxygen
D
6 Electricity is passed through molten lead(II) bromide as shown below. A reddish-brown gas is
formed at the positive electrode while a white shiny solid is formed at the negative electrode.
Which of the following can be deduced from the experimental results?
A Solid lead(II) bromide can conduct electricity.
B Molten lead(II) bromide contains mobile electrons.
C Molten lead(II) bromide can be decomposed by electricity.
D Lead(II) bromide has covalent bonds.
C
7 Which of the following particles has the same number of electrons as a neon atom?
A Al3+
B Cl-
C H+
D Ca2+
A
8 In which species are the numbers of electrons and neutrons equal?
A 94 Be
B 199 F
23 +
C 11 Na
18
D 8 O 2-
D
9 Which of the following pairs have the same electronic arrangement?
A Li+, Mg2+
B F-, S2-
C Ca2+, Cl-
D K+, O2-
C
10 An element X is in Group VI of the periodic table. Which property of X can be predicted from
this fact?
A The charge on an ion of X
B The colour of the ion of X
C The melting point of X
D The relative atomic mass of X
A
11 The atomic number of element X is 7. It has only one isotope with a mass number of 14.
A X is a solid at room temperature and pressure.
B There are 14 neutrons in the nucleus of an atom of X.
C X forms a stable anion carrying 3 negative charges.
D X exists as monatomic molecules.
C
12 Rubidium is an alkali metal. When a rubidium atom changes to a rubidium ion, the rubidium
atom
A loses one proton.
B gains one proton.
C loses one electron.
D gains one electron.
C
13 X, Y and Z are three consecutive elements in the periodic table. X forms a stable anion X-,
while Z forms a stable cation Z+. Which of the following statements concerning X, Y and Z is
correct?
A X, Y and Z are elements in the same period of the periodic table.
B X- and Y have the same electronic arrangement.
C Y and Z+ have the same number of protons.
D X and Z are both electrical conductors at room temperature and pressure.
B
14 Consider the following particles:
Particle
W X Y Z
Number of protons 10 12 12 12
Number of electrons 10 12 10 10
Which of the following statments about the particles is correct?
A W and Y have the same mass.
B X and Y have the same charge.
C W and Z have the same electronic arrangement.
D X is a cation of Y.
C
15 The atomic structure of a particle X is as follows:
Number of protons = 38
Number of electrons = 36
Number of neutrons = 52
Which of the following statements concerning particle X is correct?
A It is a cation.
B It is an anion.
C It is a neutral atom.
D Its mass number is 74.
A
16 A cation X3+ has 23 electrons. The number of protons in its nucleus is
A 17.
B 20.
C 23.
D 26.
D
17 An anion X2- has 36 electrons and 45 neutrons. What is the mass number of X?
A 45
B 77
C 79
D 81
C
18 The electronic arrangement of an ion M3+ is 2,8,8 and M has 24 neutrons. The mass number
of M is
A 18.
B 39.
C 42.
D 45.
D
19 An atom X forms an anion X-. X and X- have the same
A number of protons.
B number of electrons.
C physical properties.
D electronic arrangement.
A
20 The atomic number and mass number of an element X is 7 and 14 respectively. How many
electrons does the anion X3- have?
A 4
B 10
C 11
D 17
B
21 The mass number of atom X is 24. X forms a cation with a charge of +2. If the number of
neutrons in the cation is 12, what is the number of electrons in the cation?
A 10
B 12
C 14
D 16
A
22 Consider the following particles:
Particle Number of Number of Number of
protons electrons neutrons
X 19 19 20
Y 19 18 20
Which of the following statements is correct?
A X and Y are isotopes of the same element.
B X and Y are atoms of different elements.
C X is an anion of Y.
D Y is a cation of X.
D
23 Which of the following statements concerning three halogens, chlorine, bromine and iodine, is
INCORRECT?
A They exist as diatomic molecules.
B They are all coloured.
C Their melting points increase down the group.
D They form anions with two negative charges.
D
24 Which of the following will happen when a Group I element X forms an ion X+?
(1) The number of occupied electron shells in X+ is less than that in an atom of X by 1.
(2) X+ contains one more proton than an atom of X.
(3) X+ contains one more neutron than an atom of X.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
A
25 Which of the following particles is / are present in a hydrogen ion?
(1) Proton
(2) Neutron
(3) Electron
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
A
26 Which of the following statements concerning sulphur atom and sulphide ion (S2-) is / are
correct?
(1) They have the same number of protons.
(2) They have the same number of electrons.
(3) They have the same number of occupied electron shells.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
C
27 Y is an element. It can form an anion Y- which has an electronic arrangement of 2,8,8.
Which of the following statements concerning Y are correct?
(1) Y is a gas at room temperature and pressure.
(2) Y is in Period 3 of the periodic table.
(3) Y is a non-metal.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
28 The atomic number of element X is 20. Which of the following statements concerning X are
correct?
(1) X gives a golden yellow flame in flame test.
(2) X forms a stable cation carrying 2 positive charges.
(3) X is in Period 4 of the periodic table.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
7.4: Ionic bonds

7.5: Compounds containing polyatomic ions
7.6: Names of ions
7.7: Naming ionic compounds
7.8: Colours of ionic compounds
7.9: Chemical formulae of ionic compounds
7.13:Predicting the formation of ionic and covalent compounds
(CDC guide: Transfer of electrons in the formation of ionic bond; Electronic diagrams of
simple ionic compounds; Names and formulae of ionic compounds)
1 Which of the following pairs of elements will form an ionic compound?

A Silicon and oxygen
B Copper and sulphur
C Nitrogen and hydrogen
D Fluorine and phosphorus
B
2 The element with atomic number 7 will form ionic bonds readily with an element whose
atomic number is
A 9.
B 12.
C 15.
D 17.
B
3 An element with an atomic number of 20 will combine most readily with an element whose
atomic number is
A 3.
B 11.
C 17.
D 18.
C
4 In which of the following compounds do both ions have the same electronic arrangement as an
argon atom?
A calcium sulphide
B sodium iodide
C sodium sulphide
D calcium bromide
A
5 Barium is an alkaline earth metal. The chemical formula of its carbonate is
A BaCO3.
B Ba2CO3.
C Ba(CO3)2.
D Ba3(CO3)2.
A
6 Which of the following pairs of elements in Groups I and VII of the periodic table would react
with each other most vigorously?
Group I Group VII
A Sodium Chlorine
B Sodium Fluorine
C Potassium Fluorine
D Potassium Chlorine
C
7 How many elements does potassium permanganate consist of?
A 2
B 3
C 4
D 5
B
8 The chemical formula of the oxide of indium In is In2O3. What is the chemical formula of
indium nitrate?
A InNO3
B In2(NO3)2
C In(NO3)2
D In(NO3)3
D
9 The chemical formula for the nitride of metal X is X3N2. The chemical formula of the sulphate
of X is
A XSO4.
B X2SO4.
C X(SO4)2.
D X2(SO4)3.
A
10 An ionic compound has a chemical formula of XY. All ions in the compound have the
electronic arrangement of an neon atom. What are elements X and Y?
X Y
A Sodium Chlorine
B Magnesium Oxygen
C Calcium Bromine
D Lithium Fluorine
B
11 How many elements does ammonium nitrate consist of?
A 2
B 3
C 4
D 5
B
12 W, X, Y and Z are four consecutive elements of the periodic table. X is a noble gas.
Which of the following chemical formulae is correct?
A Y2W
B YW2
C ZW2
D Z2W
C
13 An atom of element X has 13 protons while an atom of element Y has 16 electrons.
What is the chemical formula of the compound formed between X and Y?
A XY
B XY3
C X2Y3
D X3Y2
C
14 The atomic numbers of X and Y are 3 and 7 respectively. What is the chemical formula of the
compound formed between X and Y?
A X2Y
B XY2
C XY3
D X3Y
D
15 Elements X and Y react to form an ionic compound with a chemical formula of X2Y. If X
belongs to Group I of the periodic table, to which group would Y belong?
A II
B III
C VI
D VII
C
16 Ionic compound A has a chemical formula of XY3. A may be
A aluminium oxide.
B calcium nitrate.
C copper(II) sulphide.
D iron(III) chloride.
D
17 Element X and Y react to form an ionic compound with a chemical formula of X3Y2. To which
group does X belong to if Y is a Group V element?
A I
B II
C III
D IV
B
18 Which of the following can represent the electronic structure of calcium iodide?
D
19 Caesium Cs is a Group I element and its relative atomic mass is greater than that of potassium.
Which of the following statements concerning caesium is INCORRECT?
A Caesium is a soft metal.
B Caesium reacts with water to give an alkaline solution.
C Caesium reacts with chlorine to form an ionic compound.
D Caesium reacts with oxygen to form an oxide with a chemical formula of CsO.
D
20 Elements X and Y form a compound with the following electronic structure:
(Only electrons in the outermost shells are shown.)

Which of the following combinations is correct?
X Y
A Be O
B Al S
C Mg N
D C O
C
21 Elements X and Y belong to the first three periods of the periodic table. The compound formed
between these two elements has the following electronic structure:

How many electrons are there in the outermost shell of an atom of X and that of Y?
X Y
A 1 2
B 1 6
C 2 6
D 2 8
B
22 Elements X and Y form a compound with the following electronic structure:
Which of the following combinations is correct?
X Y
A B H
B Ca O
C Li N
D Mg Cl
C
23 The following is an electron diagram of a compound formed between element X and fluorine:

What would be the chemical formula of the compound formed between calcium and X?
A CaX
B CaX2
C Ca2X
D Ca2X3
A
24 Which of the following compounds, when dissolved in water, gives a green solution?
A Copper(II) sulphate
B Cobalt(II) chloride
C Nickel(II) sulphate
D Magnesium chloride
C
25 Which of the following ions is responsible for the purple colour of amethyst?
A Cr3+
B Cu2+
C Fe2+
D Mn3+
D
26 The element strontium Sr belongs to Group II of the periodic table. Which of the following
statements concerning strontium is probably correct?
A Strontium is a non-metal.
B Strontium is less reactive than calcium.
C The chemical formula of strontium chloride is SrCl.
D Strontium has a density higher than sodium.
D
27 What is the colour of an aqueous solution of iron(III) nitrate?
A Pale green
B Yellow
C Blue
D Pink
B
Ion Colour of ion
A Iron(II) Blue
B Permanganate Purple
C Bromide Orange
D Calcium Brick-red
B
29 Which of the following compounds is coloured?
A Sodium chloride
B Potassium dichromate
C Lead(II) nitrate
D Sodium hydroxide
B
30
A colour moves towards the right in the above set-up. The coloured crystal on the filter
paper
could be
A copper(II) sulphate.
B potassium chromate.
C sodium permanganate.
D aluminium sulphate.
A
31 Which of the following statements concerning fluorine are correct?
(1) Fluorine is a halogen.
(2) It reacts with calcium to form a compound with the chemical formula of CaF2.
(3) A fluorine atom loses one electron when it forms an ion.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
32 Two elements X and Y react together to form a compound of chemical formula XY.
X and Y could be
(1) lithium and fluorine.
(2) magnesium and sulphur.
(3) aluminium and nitrogen.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
33 Consider the following information about three elements X, Y and Z.
Element X Y Z
Atomic number 8 11 16
Which of the following statements concerning X, Y and Z are correct?
(1) X and Y react to form an ionic compound.
(2) Y and Z belong to the same period of the periodic table.
(3) Z is a solid at room temperature and pressure.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
34 Which of the following ions are green in colour?
(1) Cr3+(aq)
(2) Ni2+(aq)
(3) MnO4-(aq)
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
35 Which of the following compounds are white in colour?
(1) Zinc chloride
(2) Magnesium sulphate
(3) Sodium carbonate
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
36 Consider the following experiment:
Which of the following statements concerning the experiment are correct?

(1) A green colour gradually develops near electrode X.
(2) A blue colour gradually develops near electrode Y.
(3) The experiment can be used to show that ions migrate towards oppositely charged
electrodes.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
7.10: Covalent bonds in non-metal elements

7.11: Covalent compounds
7.12: Writing chemical formulae of covalent compounds
7.13: Predicting the formation of ionic and covalent compounds
(CDC guide: Sharing of electrons in the formation of covalent bond; Single, double and
triple bonds; Electronic diagrams of simple covalent molecules; Names and formulae of
covalent substances)
1 Which of the following pairs of elements will form a covalent compound?
A Carbon and hydrogen
B Beryllium and fluorine
C Iron and oxygen
D Potassium and sulphur
A
2 Phosphorus and chlorine form a compound by
A gaining electrons.
B losing electrons.
C sharing electrons.
D both sharing and transferring electrons.
C
3 Which of the following molecules has the greatest number of lone pairs electrons?
A Ammonia
B Hydrogen chloride
C Water
D Nitrogen
B
4 Consider the following elements.
Element W X Y Z
Which of the elements exists as diatomic molecules with double bond?
A W
B X
C Y
D Z
C
5 Element X (atomic number = 7) exists as molecules X2. Which of the following is the electron
diagram of a molecule of X?
D
6 Which of the following molecules does NOT have single covalent bond?
A CS2
B CH4
C H2S
D HCl
A
7 Which of the following molecules does NOT contain any lone pair electrons?
A F2
B NH3
C SiH4
D CCl4
C
8 Which of the following pairs of molecules have the same number of lone pairs electrons?
A Nitrogen, water
B Oxygen, fluorine
C Chlorine, hydrogen chloride
D Hydrogen, carbon dioxide
A
9 Elements X and Y have 5 and 7 outermost shell electrons in their atoms respectively. Which of
the following combinations concerning the compound they form is correct?
Chemical formula Type of bond
A XY3 Covalent
B X3Y Covalent
C X3Y Ionic
D XY3 Ionic
A
10 The electronic arrangements for atoms of elements X and Y are 2,7 and 2,6 respectively. What
is the chemical formula of the compound formed between X and Y?
A XY
B X2Y
C XY2
D X2Y3
B
11 The atomic numbers of elements X and Y are 14 and 17 respectively. What is the chemical
formula of the compound formed between X and Y?
A XY
B XY2
C XY3
D XY4
D
12 An element X exists as molecules and it has an atomic number of 8. Which of the following is
the electron diagram of a molecule of X?
C
13 Which of the following electron diagrams is correct?
D
14 X is an element in the third period of the periodic table. The compound formed between
aluminium and X has a chemical formula of Al2X3. Which of the following electron diagrams
best represents the compound formed between X and hydrogen?
C
15 A compound formed from carbon and element X has the following electronic structure:
How many electrons are there in the outermost shell of an atom of X?
A 4
B 5
C 6
D 7
C
16 The following is an electron diagram of the compound formed between element X and
hydrogen. How many electrons are there in the outermost shell of an atom of X?

A 4
B 5
C 6
D 7
A
17 A compound formed from element X and fluorine has the following electronic structure:

How many electrons are there in the outermost shell of an atom of X?
A 4
B 5
C 6
D 7
B
18 Hydrogen and sulphur react to give hydrogen sulphide. Which of the following diagrams can
represent the particles of hydrogen sulphide gas?
A
19 Which of the following substances exists as atoms at room temperature and pressure?
A Ammonia
B Hydrogen
C Neon
D Nitrogen
C
20 The diagram below shows the arrangement of ions in a compound. The metal ions are
represented by and the non-metal ions by .
The compound could be

A aluminium oxide
B calcium fluoride
C sodium chloride
D zinc sulphide
C
21 Which of the following elements can react together to form a covalent compound?
(1) Magnesium
(2) Phosphorus
(3) Oxygen
(4) Helium
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (4) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (3) and (4) only
C
22 Which of the following statements concerning oxygen are correct?
(1) It exists as diatomic molecules.
(2) It reacts with sodium to form a compound with a chemical formula of Na2O.
(3) It reacts with nitrogen to form a covalent compound.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
(1) When two non-metals combine, their atoms obtain stable electronic structures by sharing
electrons.
(2) When a metal reacts with a non-metal, the metal is an electron donor while the non-
metal
is an electron acceptor.
(3) A covalent bond is the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the lone pair
electrons and the two nuclei of the bonded atoms.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
24 X and Y are two different elements. The electron diagram of the compound formed between X
and Y is shown below:
(1) There are six electrons in the outermost shell of an atom of X.
(2) There are seven electrons in the outermost shell of an atom of Y.
(3) Each atom of Y in the compound has three lone pairs electrons.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
25 Which of the following electron diagrams are correct?

A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
B
26 Which of the following electron diagrams is/are correct?
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
A
27 Which of the following substances exist as molecules?
(1) Oxygen
(2) Carbon dioxide
(3) Silicon dioxide
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
28 Two elements X and Y form a compound with a chemical formula of XY2. Which of the
following electronic arrangements for atoms of X and Y are correct?
Atom of X Atom of Y
(1) 2,2 2,8,7
(2) 2,7 2,8,2
(3) 2,4 2,6
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
B
29 Refer to the following elements:
Element X Y Z
Which of the following statements concerning the elements are correct?
(1) X and Y react to give a covalent compound.
(2) X and Z react to form a compound with a chemical formula of XZ2.
(3) Y and Z form a compound by electron sharing.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
7.14:Metallic bonds in metals

(CDC guide: Simple model of metallic bond)
1 Metallic bond is a type of bond in which

A metal atoms share their outermost shell electrons.
B metal ions are attracted by mobile electrons.
C metals ions are held by protons.
D metal atoms are held by each other.
B
2 Which of the following diagrams represents the arrangement of atoms in a metal?
D
7.15:Relative molecular mass and formula mass

(CDC guide: Formula masses and relative molecular masses)

Element Atomic number Relative atomic mass
X 9 19.0
Y 13 27.0
The formula mass of the compound formed between X and Y is
A 40.0.
B 84.0.
C 100.0.
D 111.0.
B
2 What is the formula mass of sodium carbonate?
(Relative atomic masses: C = 12.0, O = 16.0, Na = 23.0)
A 83.0.
B 106.0.
C 83.0 g.
D 106.0 g.
B
X 6 12.0
Y 16 32.0
The relative molecular mass of the compound formed between X and Y is
A 38.0.
B 44.0.
C 56.0.
D 76.0.
D
4 Which of the following substances have the same relative molecular mass?
(1) CO
(2) C2H4
(3) N2
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, C = 12.0, N = 14.0, O = 16.0)
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
(1) The relative molecular mass of a molecule is the relative mass of the molecule based on
the 12C = 12.00 scale.
(2) The formula mass of a compound is always a whole number.
(3) The formula mass of magnesium oxide is 40.3 g.
(Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, Mg = 24.3)
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
A
Unit 8
8.1: A look at the structures of some substances

8.2: Giant ionic structures
8.3: Properties of ionic compounds
(CDC guide: Relationship between structures and properties of ionic substances)
1 Which of the following is NOT an ionic substance?

A PCl5
B NH4Cl
C MgBr2
D KMnO4
A
2 Which of the following substances can conduct electricity in molten state but NOT in solid
state?
A Silver
B Lead(II) bromide
C Sugar
D Quartz
B
3 Magnesium chloride conducts electricity in aqueous solution because
A magnesium chloride becomes ions in aqueous solution.
B ions are free to move in the aqueous solution.
C electrons are free to move in the aqueous solution.
D magnesium chloride is electrically neutral.
B
4 Solid sodium chloride does NOT conduct electricity because
A it is a non-electrolyte.
B it is a covalent compound.
C its ions are not mobile.
D sodium conducts electricity but chlorine does not.
C
5 Which of the following substances is an electrolyte?
A Argon
B Potassium
C Potassium fluoride
D Tetrachloromethane
C
6 Which of the following statements concerning calcium chloride is INCORRECT?
A It is soluble in water.
B It conducts electricity in molten state.
C It is a solid at room temperature and pressure.
D It has a low density.
D
7 Which of the following diagrams best represents the giant structure of a magnesium oxide
crystal? (In these diagrams, represents Mg2+ ion and represents O2- ion.)
A
8 Ionic compounds have high melting points because
A the attractions between electrons and ions are strong.
B the attractions between ions are strong.
C ions are packed regularly in the crystal.
D ionic compounds are made of metals which have high melting points.
B
9 Which of the following statements concerning the structure of a sodium chloride crystal are
correct?
(1) Each sodium ion is surrounded by six chloride ions.
(2) Each chloride ion is surrounded by six sodium ions.
(3) Sodium ions are larger than chloride ions.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
10 Which of the following substances can conduct electricity?
(1) A mixture of alcohol and water
(2) Molten lead(II) bromide
(3) Aqueous solution of potassium iodide
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
C
11 Which of the following properties of sodium chloride is / are evidence(s) to support that ionic
bonds are strong?
(1) It is an electrolyte.
(2) It has a high melting point.
(3) It is soluble in water.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
8.4: Giant covalent structures

8.5: Properties of substances with giant covalent structures
(CDC guide: Relationship between structures and properties of giant covalent substances)
1 Which of the following substances has the highest melting point?

A Sodium
B Tetrachloromethane
C Silicon dioxide
D Sulphur
C
2 Which of the following substances is the hardest?
A Diamond
B Steel
C Graphite
D Magnesium oxide
A
3 Which of the following substances has a giant structure and does NOT conduct electricity in
molten state?
A Magnesium
B Quartz
C Iodine
D Calcium chloride
B
4 Which of the following correctly describes the structure of silicon?
A Simple molecular structure
B Giant ionic structure
C Giant covalent structure
D Giant metallic structure
C
5 Diamond has a high melting point because
A it is the hardest element in the world.
B it does not conduct electricity.
C the atoms in it are bonded by strong covalent bonds.
D the atoms in it are held together by van der Waals’ forces.
C
6 Silicon dioxide has a high melting point while carbon dioxide has a low melting point because
A silicon dioxide has a giant covalent structure while carbon dioxide has a simple molecular
structure.
B there are strong covalent bonds between silicon and oxygen atoms while there are
weak
van der Waals’ forces between carbon and oxygen atoms.
C silicon dioxide is an ionic compound while carbon dioxide is a covalent compound.
D silicon is heavier than carbon.
A
7 Which of the following substances is the most stable in moist air?
A Ca
B Na
C SiO2
D SO2
C
8 Which of the following compounds is a covalent network solid?
A NaCl
B SiCl4
C SiC
D HCl
C
9 Which of the following substances have giant covalent structures?
(1) Dry ice
(2) Diamond
(3) Silicon
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
C
10 Which of the following substances is / are solid(s) at room temperature and pressure?
(1) Bromine
(2) Graphite
(3) Quartz
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
D
11 Which of the following statements concerning substances with a giant covalent structure are
correct?
(1) They are always insoluble in water.
(2) They are always soluble in non-aqueous solvents.
(3) They have high melting and boiling points.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
B
12 Which of the following properties of diamond is / are evidence(s) to support that covalent
bonds are strong?
(1) It is a non-conductor of electricity.
(3) It reacts with oxygen to give carbon dioxide.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
B
13 Which of the following statements concerning silicon dioxide are correct?
(1) It has a giant covalent structure.
(2) Atoms are held by strong covalent bonds.
(3) Each silicon atom is joined to two oxygen atoms.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
8.6: Simple molecular structures

8.7: Properties of substances with simple molecular structures
(CDC guide: Relationship between structures and properties of molecular substances)
1 In which of the following substances do van der Waals’ forces exist?

A Diamond
B Quicklime
C Solid carbon dioxide
D Solid ammonium chloride
C
2 Which of the following compounds has the lowest boiling point?
A Hydrogen chloride
B Potassium chloride
C Sodium chloride
D Silicon tetrachloride
A
3 Carbon dioxide has a low boiling point because
A the covalent bonds between atoms of carbon and oxygen are weak.
B both carbon and oxygen are non-metals.
C the attractive forces between carbon dioxide molecules are weak.
D molecules in carbon dioxide crystals are packed irregularly.
C
4 Which of the following correctly describes the structure of iodine?
A Giant covalent structure
B Giant ionic structure
C Giant metallic structure
D Simple molecular structure
D
5 Bromine exists as a liquid at room temperature and pressure because
A bromine is reactive.
B there are only weak van der Waals’ forces between bromine molecules.
C bromine has a giant covalent structure.
D bromine molecules are diatomic.
B
A Ammonia
B Magnesium
C Silicon
D Solid lead(II) bromide
A
7 Which of the following elements is a solid with discrete molecules at room temperature and
pressure?
A Argon
B Chlorine
C Phosphorus
D Silicon
C
8 Which of the following oxides has the lowest melting point?
A Na2O
B MgO
C SiO2
D SO2
D
9 Which of the following statements concerning iodine is INCORRECT?
A Iodine atoms are held together in pairs by weak forces.
B Iodine can sublime.
C Iodine exists as diatomic molecules.
D Aqueous solution of iodine is brown in colour.
A
10 Sodium chloride is a solid while hydrogen chloride is a gas at room temperature because
A the ionic bonds in sodium chloride are stronger than the covalent bonds in hydrogen
chloride molecules.
B ionic substances are usually solids while covalent substances are usually gases.
C the ionic bonds in sodium chloride are stronger than the attractive forces among hydrogen
chloride molecules.
D the attractive forces among molecules in sodium chloride are stronger than those in
hydrogen chloride.
C
11 Which of the following statements concerning carbon dioxide are correct?
(1) In a carbon dioxide molecule, the carbon atom shares four electrons with each oxygen
atom.
(2) Carbon dioxide has a boiling point lower than that of water.
(3) Weak attractive forces exist between carbon dioxide molecules.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
Directions: Questions 12 and 13 refer to the melting points and boiling points of four
substances at 1 atm pressure as listed in the table below:
Substance Melting Point (oC) Boiling Point (oC)
Neon (Ne) -249 -246
Chlorine (Cl2) -101 -34
Phosphine (PH3) -134 -87
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) -75 -10
12 Which substance exists as a liquid at -30 oC and 1 atm pressure?

A Neon
B Chlorine
C Phosphine
D Sulphur dioxide
D
13 Which of the following chemical bonds / attractive forces exist in all four substances at 25 oC
and 1 atm pressure?
(1) Van der Waals’ forces
(2) Metallic bond
(3) Covalent bond
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
A
14 Which of the following substances contain discrete molecules?
(1) Nitrogen
(2) Water
(3) Sugar
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
15 Which of the following substances have simple molecular structures?
(1) Tetrachloromethane
(2) Sulphur
(3) Ammonium chloride
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
16 Which of the following statements concerning phosphorus is / are correct?
(1) It has a simple molecular structure.
(3) Its molecules are held by weak van der Waals’ forces.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
C
17 Which of the following statements concerning simple molecular substances are correct?
(1) They usually have low melting points.
(2) They are usually soluble in non-aqueous solvents.
(3) They conduct electricity in aqueous solution.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
18 Which of the following statements concerning carbon dioxide is / are correct?
(1) Carbon dioxide is a covalent compound.
(2) Carbon dioxide is used in filling weather balloons.
(3) Solid carbon dioxide has a giant covalent network structure.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
A
(1) Argon
(2) Limestone
(3) Quartz
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
8.8: Giant metallic structures

8.9: Properties of metals
(CDC guide: Relationship between structures and properties of metallic substances)
1 Which of the following substances conducts electricity in both solid and molten states?
A Aluminium
B Quartz
C Sodium oxide
D Phosphorus
A
2 Metals usually have high densities because
A most metals are solids.
B metal atoms are closely packed together.
C metals are ductile.
D most metals are hard.
B
3 Which of the following statements concerning aluminium is INCORRECT?
A It is a solid at room temperature and pressure.
B It is ductile.
C It conducts electricity because of the presence of mobile electrons.
D It is less dense than sodium.
D
4 Which of the following statements concerning metals is correct?
A In a metal, there are strong covalent bonds between metal ions and delocalized electrons.
B A metal conducts electricity because it is an electrolyte.
C Metals usually have high densities because atoms in metals are closely packed.
D Metals usually have high melting points because strong van der Waals’ forces exist
between the atoms.
C
5 Metals are ductile because
(1) strong electrostatic forces exist between metal ions.
(2) layers of metal ions can slip over one another.
(3) the delocalized electrons hold the layers of metal ions together.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
C
6 Calcium has a higher melting point than potassium because
(1) potassium ion is smaller than calcium ion.
(2) calcium has a stronger metallic bond.
(3) the relative atomic mass of calcium is higher than that of potassium.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
B
7 Which of the following properties is / are true for all metals?
(1) All metals are conductors of electricity.
(2) All metals are denser than water.
(3) All metals are solids.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
A
8 Consider the following information:
Substance Attractions between particles in substance
(1) Neon van der Waals’ force
(2) Zinc metallic bond
(3) Magnesium nitrate ionic bond
Which of the following combinations are correct?
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
9 Which of the following substances have giant structures?
(1) Copper
(2) Aluminium
(3) Nitrogen dioxide
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
10 Which of the following properties of metals can be explained in terms of mobile electrons in
their structures?
(1) Density
(2) Electrical conductivity
(3) Thermal conductivity
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
8.10: Predicting the properties of substances

8.11: Predicting the structure of a substance from its properties
(CDC guide: Predicting structures and properties of substances)
1 A substance X is soluble in hexane (a non-aqueous solvent) but insoluble in water. X probably
has a
A giant ionic structure.
B simple molecular structure.
C giant covalent structure.
D giant metallic structure.
B
2 X is a non-metal. Chloride of X
A has a high melting point.
B has a simple molecular structure.
C is very hard.
D is a good electrical conductor in molten state.
B
3 Caesium Cs is a Group I element and chlorine is a Group VII element. Which of the following
statements concerning caesium chloride is INCORRECT?
A Caesium chloride must be stored in paraffin oil.
B Caesium chloride has a high melting point.
C Caesium chloride is a white compound.
D Caesium chloride is soluble in water.
A
4 A substance W melts at 3 550 oC and it does NOT conduct electricity in solid state and molten
state. W probably has a
A giant ionic structure.
B giant covalent structure.
C simple molecular structure.
D giant metallic structure.
B
5 The atomic numbers of two elements A and B are 13 and 8 respectively. The compound
formed between A and B
A is very soluble in non-aqueous solvents.
B is a liquid at room temperature and pressure.
C has a chemical formula of A3B2.
D conducts electricity in its molten state.
D
6 Element X forms an anion X-. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A X belongs to Group VII.
B X exists as monatomic molecules.
C The compound formed between carbon and X has a low melting point.
D The chemical formula of the compound formed between nitrogen and X is NX3.
B
7 What of the following shows the correct descending order of the melting points of diamond,
zinc bromide and sulphur dioxide?
A Diamond > Zinc bromide > Sulphur dioxide
B Zinc bromide > Diamond > Sulphur dioxide
C Diamond > Sulphur dioxide > Zinc bromide
D Zinc bromide > Sulphur dioxide > Diamond
A
8 The table shows some properties of four solids, W, X, Y and Z.
Properties W X Y Z
o
Melting Point ( C) 2 300 800 80 1 200
Soluble in water no yes no no
Solid state conducts electricity? no no no yes
Molten state conducts electricity? no yes no yes
What is the correct classification of the solids?
Covalent Simple
Metallic network Ionic molecular
A W X Y Z
B X Y Z W
C Y Z W X
D Z W X Y
D
9 Consider the following table which gives some information about the solubilities of four
substances in water and heptane (a non-aqueous solvent):
Substance Solubility
Water Heptane
W very soluble slightly soluble
X slightly soluble slightly soluble
Y slightly soluble very soluble
Z very soluble very soluble
Which of the above substances could be iodine?
A W
B X
C Y
D Z
C
Directions: Questions 10 and 11 refer to the following table which shows some properties of
four different substances:
Substance Melting Point Electrical conductivity
(oC) solid liquid
W 1 565 non-conductor conductor
X 1 610 non-conductor non-conductor
Y 40 non-conductor non-conductor
Z 1 670 conductor conductor
10 Which substance has a giant covalent structure?

A W
B X
C Y
D Z
B
11 Which of the following statements is correct?
A The compound formed between Z and chlorine conducts electricity in molten state.
B X is soluble in heptane (a non-aqueous solvent).
C Y is a liquid at room temperature and pressure.
D W is malleable.
A
12 Consider the following information about four substances, W, X, Y and Z:
Substance Melting Point Boiling Point Electrical conductivity at
(oC) (oC) room temperature
W 71 375 poor conductor
X -130 36 poor conductor
Y 98 890 good conductor
Z -138 -0.5 poor conductor
Which substance has a simple molecular structure and is a liquid at room temperature?
A W
B X
C Y
D Z
B
13 The table below shows the information about the electrical conductivities of four substances,
W, X, Y and Z:
Substance Solid state Liquid state Aqueous solution
W conducts conducts conducts
X does not conduct does not conduct does not conduct
Y conducts conducts insoluble in water
Z does not conduct does not conduct conducts
Which substance is likely to be copper?
A W
B X
C Y
D Z
C
14 Which of the following statements is correct?
A All covalent substances do not conduct electricity.
B All ionic compounds are soluble in water.
C All compounds with giant ionic structures are solids at room temperature and pressure.
D Substances which can conduct electricity in solid state must have high melting points.
C
15 Three substance X, Y and Z have physical properties as shown.
Substance Melting Point Boiling Point Electrical conductivity
(oC) (oC) of solid of liquid
X 801 1 413 poor good
Y 2 852 3 600 poor good
Z 3 550 4 827 good not known
What could be the identities of X, Y and Z?
X Y Z
A NaF KCl Fe
B NaBr BaO SiO2
C NaCl MgO C (graphite)
D NaBr CaO C (diamond)
C
16 Consider the following information about three elements, X, Y and Z.
Element X Y Z
Which of the following statements concerning X, Y and Z is correct?
A X and Y combine to form a compound with a simple molecular structure.
B Z gives an apple green flame in flame test.
C X has a high melting point.
D Y has a giant covalent structure.
D
17 The atomic number of element X is 15. It has only one isotope with a mass number of 31.
A X is a gas at room temperature and pressure.
B X can form a chloride with a chemical formula of XCl3.
C There are 16 electrons in an atom of X.
D Covalent bonds hold the molecules of X together.
B
18 Barium Ba is a Group II element of the periodic table. Which of the following statements
concerning barium oxide is correct?
A It has a high melting point.
B It does not react with water.
C It conducts electricity in solid state.
D Its chemical formula is BaO2.
A
19 Elements X and Y combine to form a compound with a chemical formula of XY2. If Y is a
Group VII element and XY2 does not conduct electricity in molten state, then X is a
A Group I element.
B Group II element.
C Group IV element.
D Group VI element.
D
20 A substance melts at 17 oC and boils at 43 oC. The substance
(1) has weak van der Waals’ forces between molecules.
(2) has a simple molecular structure.
(3) is a liquid at room temperature and pressure.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
21 Caesium Cs belongs to Group I of the periodic table. Caesium reacts with bromine Br to form
a compound. Which of the following statements concerning the compound are correct?
(1) Its chemical formula is CsBr2.
(3) It is a crystalline solid at room temperature and pressure.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
C
22 Metal X reacts with oxygen to form a compound with a chemical formula of X2O3. Which of
the following statements are correct?
(1) The chemical formula of chloride of X is XCl3.
(2) X2O3 has a giant ionic structure.
(3) X2O3 conducts electricity in molten state.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
23 X has a very high melting point and does NOT conduct electricity at room temperature. It may
have a
(1) giant covalent structure.
(2) giant ionic structure.
(3) giant metallic structure.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
24 An element X is a greenish-yellow gas at room temperature and pressure. Which of the
following statements concerning the compound formed between X and magnesium are
correct?
(3) It conducts electricity in solid state.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
25 X and Y are two elements. The melting points of their bromides are given below:
Melting Point (oC)
Bromide of X 12
Bromide of Y 730
(1) The bromide of X is soluble in non-aqueous solvents.
(2) The bromide of Y has a giant ionic structure.
(3) The bromide of X is a solid at room temperature and pressure.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
26 The atomic number of elements X and Y are 19 and 16 respectively. The compound between
X and Y
(1) is formed by electron transfer.
(2) has a chemical formula of X2Y.
(3) conducts electricity in aqueous solutions.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
27 The atomic number of elements X and Y are 14 and 8 respectively. The compound formed
between X and Y
(1) has a low melting point.
(2) has a giant covalent structure.
(3) is insoluble in water.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
C
Element Electronic arrangement of atom
W 2,8,1
X 1
Y 2,8,6
Z 2,5
(1) Y has a higher melting point than Z.
(2) Both W2Y and ZX3 are soluble in water.
(3) The compound formed between X and Y has a simple molecular structure.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
29 Strontium is a Group II element. Which of the following statements are correct?
(1) The oxide of strontium is a white solid.
(2) Strontium is more reactive than calcium.
(3) The chloride of strontium conducts electricity only in aqueous solution.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
P 7 14.0
Q 17 35.5
Elements P and Q combine to form a compound X. Which of the following statements about X
are correct?
(1) X is formed by electron transfer.
(2) The relative molecular mass of X is 120.5.
(3) X is a liquid at room temperature and pressure.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
C
31 X and Y are two different elements. The melting points and boiling points of their oxides are
given below.
Melting Point (oC) Boiling Point (oC)
Oxide of X 886 1472
Oxide of Y 17 45
Which of the following statements is / are correct?
(1) The oxide of X conducts electricity in the solid state.
(2) The oxide of Y is a liquid at 25 oC.
(3) The oxide of X is an ionic crystal.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
D
32 Rubidium Rb is a group I element below potassium of the periodic table. Which of the
following statements about rubidium are correct?
(1) Its oxide is a crystalline solid.
(2) It can be obtained by heating its oxide with carbon.
(3) The chemical formula of its oxide is Rb2O.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
B
33 Selenium Se is a group VI element of the periodic table. Which of the following statements
concerning selenium are correct?
(1) Selenium forms a covalent hydride.
(2) The chloride of selenium is a solid with network structure.
(3) Selenium forms Se2- ion when reacted with Group I elements.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
B
P 7 14.0
Q 20 40.1
Elements P and Q combine to form a compound X. Which of the following statements about X
are correct?
(1) X is formed by electron sharing.
(2) X is a solid at room temperature and pressure.
(3) The formula mass of X is 148.3.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
D
Assertion-reason questions
Directions: Please refer to the following instructions:

A Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanation of the 1st
statement.
B Both statements are true but the 2nd statement is NOT a correct explanation of
the 1st statement.
C The 1st statement is false while the 2nd statement is true.
D Both statements are false.
1st statement 2nd statement

1 Atoms are electrically neutral. Atoms have the same number of protons A
and electrons.
2 The number of neutrons and that of An atom is electrically neutral. C

protons in an atom should be the same.
3 Isotopes of the same element have the Isotopes of the same element have the C
same physical properties. same electronic arrangement.
4 Mass number of an atom is the sum of All atoms have protons, neutrons and D
the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons.
electrons.
5 The relative atomic mass of chlorine is Chlorine has isotopes. A

not a whole number.
6 Sulphur is a non-metal. Sulphur is a solid at room temperature B

and pressure.
35
7 Cl and 37Cl can be separated by 35
Cl and 37Cl have different number of D
chemical means. protons.
24
8 Mg and 25Mg have different chemical 24
Mg and 25Mg have different number of C
properties. neutrons.
9 Elements are arranged in order of their Atomic numbers are always whole B
atomic numbers, rather than relative numbers while there are fractional
atomic masses, in the periodic table. relative atomic masses.
10 Lithium and neon belong to the same Atoms of lithium and neon have the A
period of the periodic table. same number of occupied electron shells.
11 Potassium is classified as a Group I An atom of potassium has one electron in A

element. the outermost shell.
12 Boron and silicon belong to the same Boron and silicon are metalloids. C
group.
13 Nitrogen and oxygen have similar Nitrogen and oxygen belong to the same C
chemical properties. period of the periodic table.
14 Argon is used to fill balloons. Argon is unreactive. C
15 All noble gases belong to the same Atoms of all noble gases have the same D
period of the periodic table. number of electrons in their outermost
shells.
16 Group 0 elements are very unreactive. The outermost shell of an atom of a A

Group 0 element is completely filled.
17 Magnesium and calcium have the same Magnesium and calcium belong to the C
chemical properties. same group of the periodic table.
18 The melting point of potassium is higher An atom of potassium has one more C
than that of sodium. occupied electron shell than the atom of
sodium.
19 Bromine and chlorine belong to the same Both bromine and chlorine exist as B
group of the periodic table. diatomic molecules.
20 Across the third period of the periodic Across the third period of the periodic D
table, from left to right, the elements table, from left to right, the metallic
show an increase in their melting points. character of the elements increases.
21 Magnesium is the most reactive element An atom of magnesium has two electrons C
in Group II of the periodic table. in the outermost shell.
22 Helium is ued to fill weather balloons. Helium exists as monatomic molecules. B
23 A chloride ion and an argon atom show A chloride ion and an argon atom have C
similar chemical properties. the same electronic arrangement.
24 An ion of a halogen carries one positive An atom of a halogen would obtain the D
charge. electronic arrangement of an atom of a
noble gas when it loses one electron.
25 Ionic bond is formed by the transfer of Ionic compounds consist of cations and B
electrons from metal atoms to non-metal anions.
atoms.
26 When hydrogen combines with chlorine, During the reaction, every electron D
an ionic compound is formed. released by the hydrogen atom is
accepted by the chlorine atom.
27 Nitrogen atoms in a nitrogen molecule Nitrogen exists as diatomic molecules. C

are held by a double bond.
28 Helium exists as diatomic molecules. There are two electrons in the outermost C
shell of a helium atom.
29 Both hydrogen chloride and Both hydrogen chloride and B

tetrachloromethane are covalent tetrachloromethane contain chlorine
compounds. which is a non-metal.
30 A fluorine atom has a great tendency to A fluoride ion is more stable than a A
form a fluoride ion. fluorine atom.
31 Phosphorus forms a covalent compound Phosphorus and chlorine belong to the B

with chlorine. same period of the periodic table.
32 Sodium ions are more reactive than Sodium ions have a less stable electronic D
sodium atoms. arrangement than sodium atoms.
33 When forming a compound, a potassium Potassium is a metal. B

atom tends to lose one electron.
34 Aluminium can be extracted by heating Aluminium oxide is an ionic compound. C

its oxide with carbon.
35 Element X (atomic number = 20) reacts Each atom of X loses two electrons and A
with element Y (atomic number = 7) to each atom of Y accepts three electrons to
form an ionic compound. form a compound with a chemical
formula of X3Y2.
36 The melting point of hydrogen bromide Hydrogen bromide is a covalent B

is lower than that of lead(II) bromide. compound whereas lead(II) bromide is
an ionic compound.
37 All ionic compounds are soluble in The attractive forces between water D
water. molecules are stronger than ionic bonds.
38 All metals can conduct electricity. All metals have mobile electrons. A
39 Solid lead(II) bromide can conduct Lead(II) bromide consists of cations and C
electricity. anions.
40 Carbon dioxide and silicon dioxide have Carbon and silicon belong to the same C
similar physical properties. group of the periodic table.
41 Quartz and dry ice exist as discrete Molecules in quartz and dry ice are held D
molecules. by weak van der Waals’ forces.
42 All metals are solids. All metals have giant metallic structures. C
43 All covalent substances do not conduct All covalent substances have simple D
electricity. molecular structures.
44 Both diamond and graphite conduct Both diamond and graphite have giant C
electricity. covalent structures.
45 Iodine has a high melting point. Molecules of iodine are held together by D
strong covalent bonds.
46 When iodine sublimes, it absorbs energy. Large amount of energy is required to B
break the strong covalent bonds between
iodine atoms.
47 The melting point of ammonia is lower Covalent bonds exist in ammonia B

than that of sodium chloride. molecules while ionic bonds exist in
sodium chloride.
48 Metals can conduct electricity in molten When metals are in solid state, there is D
state only. no mobile electron.
49 The separation between nitrogen Van der Waals’ forces are stronger than D
molecules is smaller than that between covalent bonds.
atoms within nitrogen molecules.
50 Quartz has a very high melting point. Atoms in quartz are bonded together by A
strong covalent bonds.
51 Oxygen does not react readily with other The outermost electron shell of an D
elements. oxygen atom is completely filled.
52 Ammonia has a low boiling point. Ammonia molecules are held by weak A
van der Waals’ forces.
53 All covalent compounds are insoluble in All covalent compounds have low D
water. melting points.
54 Sugar is insoluble in water. Sugar is a covalent compound. C
55 Metals are good conductors of heat. Metals contain mobile electrons. A
56 Aqueous solution of carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide is a covalent compound. C

cannot conduct electricity.
57 The melting points of sodium oxide and Sodium and sulphur belong to the same C
sulphur dioxide are very high. period of the periodic table.
58 Neon is a gas at room temperature and The attractive forces between neon atoms A
pressure. are weak.
59 Iodine is a liquid at room temperature Iodine molecules are held together by C

and pressure. van der Waals’ force.
Structured questions
1 There are three isotopes of neon in nature. The relative abundances of these isotopes are
shown in the following table.
Isotopes Atomic number Number of neutrons Abundance (%)
1 10 10 90.52
2 10 11 0.31
3 10 12 9.17
a) Explain the term ‘isotopes’.
b) Calculate the relative atomic mass of neon.
c) Xenon and neon belong to the same group of the periodic table.
i) State the number of electrons in the outermost shell of a xenon atom.
ii) Neon and xenon are monatomic gases. Explain why they are monatomic.
d) Suggest ONE use of neon in our daily lives.
(6 marks)
Answer:
1 a) Isotopes are different atoms of an element which have the same number of protons but
different number of neutrons. (1)
b) Relative atomic mass = 20 × 0.9052 + 21 × 0.0031 + 22 × 0.0917
(1)
= 20.19 (1)
c) i) Eight electrons (1)
ii) Their atoms have completely filled outermost shells (8 electrons in their outermost
shells). (1)
d) As a filling gas in advertising tubes (1)
2 The table below shows some information about four elements, W, X, Y and Z.
W 11 23.0
X 13 27.0
Y 17 35.5
Z 18 40.0
a) What is the meaning of the term ‘relative atomic mass’?
b) Suppose there are only two isotopes of element Y, 35Y and 37Y. Calculate the relative
abundance of these two isotopes.
c) State, with explanation, which of the above elements
i) should be stored in paraffin oil;
ii) is used to fill a light bulb; and
iii) is used to make soft drink can.
(10 marks)
Answer:
2 a) The weighted average mass of all the naturally occurring isotopes of that element on the
12
C =12.00 scale. (1,
1)
b) Let the relative abundance of 35Y and 37Y be x % and (100 - x) % respectively.
35.5 = (1)
x = 75
The relative abundance of 35Y and 37Y are 75% and 25% respectively. (1)
c) i) W / Sodium / Na (1)
It is a reactive metal which reacts with oxygen / water in air readily. (1)
ii) Z / Argon / Ar (1)
It is chemically inert / is a noble gas / will not react with the hot tungsten filament.
(1)
iii) X / Aluminium / Al (1)
It is light and corrosion resistant. (1)
3 A part of the periodic table is shown below.
a) Across a period, the elements show a gradual change in some of their physical properties.
State ONE such property.
b) For each of the following pairs of elements, suggest ONE reaction in which they
behave
similarly.
i) Sodium and potassium
ii) Chlorine and fluorine
c) Which metal and non-metal in the above table would react most vigorously with
each
other?
d) The atomic number of krypton Kr is 36. The electronic arrangement of a krypton
atom is
2, 8, x, y. What are the values of x and y?
e) i) Caesium Cs is a Group I element. What will be observed if caesium is put into
a
tank of water?
ii) Suggest a method to store caesium in the laboratory.
(12 marks)
Answer:
3 a) Size of atom / metallic character (1)

b) i) Sodium and potassium react with cold water vigorously. (1)
Hydrogen is evolved and an alkaline solution is formed in the reaction. (1)
ii) Chlorine and fluorine react with metal (1)
to form salts. (1)
c) potassium and fluorine (1,
1)
d) x = 18 (1)
y=8 (1)
e) i) Any two of the following: (1 × 2)
Caesium reacts explosively with water / bubbles of gas are evolved / a colourless
solution is formed.
ii) It should be stored in paraffin oil.
(1)
4 The following shows a part of the periodic table.
a) How are the elements arranged in the periodic table?

b) What is the similarity in the electronic arrangement of atoms of elements in the same
period?
c) i) According to the above periodic table, which is the most reactive metal?
ii) Suggest how the most reactive metal should be stored.
iii) State ONE hazard warning label that should be displayed on the reagent bottle
containing that metal.
d) Which of the above elements is used to make computer chips?
e) Explain why carbon has a higher melting point than iodine.
f) Suggest ONE use of chlorine in our daily lives.
g) State, with explanation, what will happen if a balloon filled with argon is released from
the top of a tower.
(11 marks)
Answer:
4 a) Increasing atomic number (1)

b) They have the same number of occupied electron shells. (1)
c) i) Potassium / K (1)
ii) It should be stored in paraffin oil. (1)
iii) Flammable / corrosive (1)
d) Silicon / Si (1)
e) Carbon has a giant covalent structure. A lot of heat energy is required to break the strong
covalent bonds between carbon atoms. (1)
Iodine has a simple molecular structure. There are only weak van der Waals’ forces
between iodine molecules. Little energy is required to separate the iodine molecules. (1)
f) Making bleach / hydrochloric acid / organic solvent (1)
g) The balloon will fall because argon is denser than air. (1,
1)
5 The following shows a part of the periodic table.
(a to p are NOT symbols of elements.)

a) Referring to the letters indicated in the above table, answer the following questions.
i) State the name of the group elements a and i belong to.
ii) State the name of the group elements g and o belong to.
iii) In what way are the electronic arrangements of the atoms of elements c and k
(1) different from each other?
(2) similar to each other?
b) With reference to elements b and j, give an example to illustrate that
i) they have similar chemical property;
ii) they react differently from each other.
c) Which of the above elements (a to p) can be obtained by fractional distillation of
liquid
air?
d) State the difference in electrical conductivity between elements l and n.
e) Element a can be drawn to wires. Explain this with reference to its structure.
(12 marks)
Answer:
5 a) i) Alkali metals (1)

ii) Halogens (1)
iii) (1) They have different number of occupied electron shells. (1)
(2) They have the same number of outermost shell electrons. (1)
b) i) Both of them react with dilute hydrochloric acid to give hydrogen gas. (1)
ii) j reacts more vigorously than b in reaction with air / acid / water. (1)
c) e, f, h, p (2)
d) The crystalline form of l can conduct electricity (1)
but n is a non-conductor. (1)
e) Atoms in metal a are arranged in layers. (1)
When a force is applied, the layers can slip over each other. The metal does not break
because there are delocalized electrons holding the layers together. (1)
6 a) Complete the following table.

Particle Atomic Mass Number of Electronic
number number protons neutrons electrons arrangement
i) Beryllium atom 4 5
ii) Neon atom 20 2,8
iii) 13 14 13
iv) Sulphur atom 16 16
v) Potassium ion 19 39
vi) Oxide ion 8 2,8
vii) 12 12 10
viii) 19 10 2,8
ix) 11 12 10
x) 11 12 11
b) Which particle(s) in the above table is / are negatively charged?
c) In which group of the periodic table should particle (iii) be placed? Explain your
answer.
d) State the relationship between particles (ix) and (x).
(24 marks)
Answer:
6 a)
Particle Atomic Mass Number of Electronic
number number protons neutrons electrons arrangement
i) Beryllium atom 4 9 4 5 4 2,2
ii) Neon atom 10 20 10 10 10 2,8
iii) Aluminium atom 13 27 13 14 13 2,8,3
iv) Sulphur atom 16 32 16 16 16 2,8,6
v) Potassium ion 19 39 19 20 18 2,8,8
vi) Oxide ion 8 16 8 8 10 2,8
vii) Magnesium ion 12 24 12 12 10 2,8
viii) Fluoride ion 9 19 9 10 10 2,8
ix) Sodium ion 11 23 11 12 10 2,8
x) Sodium atom 11 23 11 12 11 2,8,1
(0.5 ×
40)
b) Particles (vi) & (viii) / oxide ion and fluoride ion (0.5 × 2)
c) Group III; (1)
Because it has 3 electrons in its outermost shell. (1)
d) Particle (ix) is the cation of particle (x) / (ix) and (x) are ion and atom of the same
element. (1)
7 Complete the following table.

Cation Anion Compound
Name Formula Name Formula Name Formula Colour of
aqueous
solution
Sodium Na+ Bromide Br- Sodium bromide NaBr Colourless
Ammonium SO42-
Silver Ag+ AgNO3
Copper(II) Cu2+ Nitrite NO2- Blue
Fe2+ HCO3-
Potassium K+ Permanganate
Nickel(II) Ni2+ Chloride
Al3+ Iodide I-
Cr3+ Cl-
Iron(III) CrO42-
(19 marks)
Answer:
7
Cation Anion Compound
Name Formula Name Formula Name Formula Colour of
aqueous
solution
Sodium Na+ Bromide Br- Sodium NaBr Colourless
bromide
Ammonium NH4+ Sulphate SO42- Ammonium (NH4)2SO4 Colourless
sulphate
Silver Ag+ Nitrate NO3- Silver nitrage AgNO3 Colourless
Copper(II) Cu2+ Nitrite NO2- Copper(II) Cu(NO2)2 Blue
nitrite
Iron (II) Fe2+ Hydrogen HCO3- Iron(II) Fe(HCO3)2 Pale green
hydrogencarbonate
-carbonate
Potassium K+ Permanganate MnO4- Potassium KMnO4 Purple
permanganate
Nickel(II) Ni2+ Chloride Cl- Nickel(II) NiCl2 Green
chloride
Aluminium Al3+ Iodide I- Aluminium AlI3 Colourless
iodide
Chromium(III) Cr3+ Chloride Cl- Chromium(III) CrCl3 Green
chloride
Iron(III) Fe3+ Chromate CrO42- Iron(III) Fe2(CrO4)3 Yellow
chromate
(0.5 ×
38)
8 Consider the following substances:

Water, iodine, sodium bromide, sand, mud water and diamond
a) Classify the substances into elements, compounds and mixtures.
b) Give the elements which make up the compounds in (a).
c) Which of the above substances is the hardest? Explain your choice.
d) i) Draw electron diagrams of water and sodium bromide, showing electrons in the
outermost shells only.
ii) Explain why sodium bromide is soluble in water.
iii) Explain why sodium bromide has a higher melting point than water.
(15 marks)
Answer:
8 a) Elements: iodine, diamond (1)

Compounds: sodium bromide, sand and water (1)
Mixture: mud water
(1)
b) Sodium bromide: sodium and bromine (1)
Sand: oxygen and silicon (1)
Water: oxygen and hydrogen (1)
c) Diamond (1)
Carbon atoms in diamond are strongly held by covalent bonds to form a giant covalent
network. (1)
d) i) Water:
(1)
Sodium bromide:
(1)
ii) Attractive forces exist between the ions in sodium bromide and the water molecules.
(1)
This causes the sodium ions and bromide ions to move away from the solid and go
into water. (1)
iii) Sodium bromide has a higher melting point because sodium bromide has a giant
ionic structure and the ions are held by strong electrostatic forces (ionic bonds). (1)
Water has a simple molecular structure and the molecules are held by weak van der
Waals’ forces. (1)
More energy is required to break the strong electrostatic attractions between ions in
sodium bromide. Therefore, the melting point of sodium bromide is higher. (1)
9 Magnesium is a Group II element of the periodic table.

a) When magnesium burns in air, magnesium oxide and a small amount of magnesium
nitride are formed.
i) Suggest a test to demonstrate that magnesium oxide is a compound and NOT a
mixture.
ii) Draw an electron diagram of magnesium nitride, showing electrons in the outermost
shells only.
b) Magnesium is a typical metal. Briefly describe the bonding in magnesium and
explain
why it can conduct electricity.
c) Strontium is another group II element. The relative atomic mass of strontium is larger
than that of magnesium.
i) In an experiment, a piece of strontium was added to a beaker of water. State TWO
observable changes for the reaction.
ii) Suggest why strontium compounds are used in fireworks.
(8 marks)
Answer:
9 a) i) Test the melting behavior of magnesium oxide. (1)

It should have a sharp melting point. (1)
ii)
(1)
b) A piece of magnesium consists of positively charged ions surrounded by delocalized

electrons. (1)
Magnesium can conduct electricity due to the movement of mobile electrons in it. (1)
c) i) The strontium sank to the bottom of the beaker. / Gas bubbles were given off. / The
strontium dissolved. (1 × 2)
ii) To produce colours. (1)
10 a) Complete the following table.

Atomic Mass Number of Electron arrangement
Element number number neutrons of its atom
A 6 12
B 13 7
C 12 2, 8, 1
D 35 2, 8, 7
E 85 2, 8, 18, 8, 1
b) Classify the elements in the table into metals and non-metals.
c) i) Which two elements are in the same group of the periodic table?
ii) What is the name of the group?
iii) Which of these two elements is more reactive towards water?
d) Which two elements are isotopes?
e) Element D can form compounds X and Y with elements A and C respectively.
i) Draw electron diagrams of compounds X and Y, showing electrons in the outermost
shells only.
ii) Explain which compound has a higher melting point.
(16 marks)
Answer:
10 a)
Atomic Mass Number of Electron arrangement
Element number number neutrons of its atom
A 16 12 6 2,4
B 6 13 7 2.4
C 11 23 12 2,8,1
D 17 35 18 2,8,7
E 37 85 48 2,8,18,8,1
(5)
b) Metals: C, E (1)
Non-metals: A, B, D (1)
c) i) C, E (1)
ii) Alkaline metals (1)
iii) E (1)
d) A and B (1)
e) i) Compound X:
(1)
Compound Y:
(1)
ii) Compound X has a simple molecular structure and the molecules are held by weak
van der Waals’ forces. (1)
Compound Y is an ionic compound and the ions are held by strong electrostatic
forces (ionic bonds). (1)
More energy is required to break the strong electrostatic attractions between ions in
compound Y. Therefore, compound Y has a higher melting point. (1)
11 Consider the structures of four particles below.

a) Which elements do particles W and Z represent respectively?
b) Consider particles W and X.

i) Identify the relationship between W and X.
ii) Will they react with element Z in the same way? Explain your answer.
iii) Draw an electron diagram of the compound formed between W and Z, showing
electrons in the outermost shells only.
c) Consider particles Y and Z.
i) Identify the relationship between Y and Z.
ii) Is particle Y stable? Explain your answer.
(8 marks)
Answer:
11 a) Particle W: Lithium (1)

Particle Z: Oxygen (1)
b) i) They are isotopes. (1)
ii) Yes
They have the same electronic arrangement. (1)
iii)
(1)
c) i) Particle Y is the anion of particle Z. / Y and Z are ion and atom of the same element.
(1)
ii) Y is stable (1)
because it has a completely filled outermost shell (octet structure). (1)
12 Consider the following elements.

Element Symbol Group number
Caesium Cs I
Indium In III
Tellurium Te VI
Astatine At VII
a) Would you expect caesium to be a conductor of electricity? Explain your answer.
b) Give the chemical formula of
i) caesium sulphate;
ii) oxide of indium; and
iii) hydride of tellurium.
c) Caesium and astatine combine to form compound X.
i) Give the chemical formula of X.
ii) Will an aqueous solution of X conduct electricity? Explain your answer.
d) Astatine and hydrogen combine to form compound Y.
i) Draw an electron diagram of Y, showing the electrons in the outermost shells only.
ii) Give the chemical formula of Y.
e) Predict and explain whether X or Y is more volatile.
(13 marks)
Answer:
12 a) Yes (1)
It is a metal (alkali metal). (1)
b) i) Cs2SO4 (1)
ii) In2O3 (1)
iii) H2Te (1)
c) i) CsAt (1)
ii) Yes (1)
It is because mobile ions are present in an aqueous solution of the compound. (1)
d) i)
(1)
ii) HAt (1)

e) Y is more volatile. (1)
It has a simple molecular structure and the attractive forces between the molecules are
weak. (1)
X is less volatile. It has a giant ionic structure and strong ionic bonds exist between the
ions. (1)
13 The table below shows some properties of three elements in the first three periods of the
periodic table.
X Y Z
Group II IV VI
Appearance at room temperature Grey solid Shiny black Colourless
solid gas
Electrical conductivity at room temperature Good Good Poor
a) Classify X, Y and Z into metals and non-metals. Explain your answer.
b) What will be observed when X and Y are put into dilute hydrochloric acid separately?
c) Element Z exists as diatomic molecules in the atmosphere. The atmosphere contains
about 21% of Z by volume.
i) Explain the term ‘diatomic molecule’ with the help of an appropriate electron
diagram.
ii) Explain whether Z is very soluble in water.
d) X and Z can combine to form compound A while Y and Z combine to form compound B.
i) State the types of bond exist in A and B respectively.
ii) Write the chemical formulae of A and B.
iii) Which compound has a higher melting point? Justify your answer.
(17 marks)
Answer:
13 a) X is metal because it can conduct electricity when in solid state and it is a Group II
element. (1)
Although Y can conduct electricity, it is a Group IV element. Hence, it is a non-metal
(Y is graphite). (1)
Z is a non-metal because it cannot conduct electricity. (1)
b) X: Sinks and reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to give gas bubbles. (1)
Y: Sinks and there is no other observable change. (1)
c) i) Diatomic molecule: molecule which is made up of two atoms. (1)
(1)
ii) Z is only slightly soluble in water. (1)

The attractive forces between water molecules are quite strong. (1)
The weak attractive forces between molecules of Z and water molecules are not
strong enough to overcome the attractive forces between water molecules. (1)
d) i) A: Ionic bond (1)
B: Covalent bond (1)
ii) A: XZ (1)
B: YZ2 (1)
iii) Compound A has a higher melting point. (1)
Compound A is an ionic compound with a giant ionic structure. Strong ionic bonds
exist between ions in the compound. (1)
Compound B is a covalent compound with a simple molecular structure. The
molecules are held by weak van der Waals’ forces. (1)
More energy is required to break the strong ionic bonds between ions in compound
A, thus compound A has a higher melting point.
14 Hydrogen (1H) and deuterium (2D) are isotopes.

a) What is the difference between a hydrogen atom and a deuterium atom?
b) When hydrogen and oxygen are mixed and ignited, water is formed. Similarly, deuterium
reacts with oxygen to form a compound called ‘heavy water’.
i) Explain why deuterium reacts with oxygen in the same way as hydrogen.
ii) Draw an electron diagram of ‘heavy water’, showing electrons in the outermost
shells only.
iii) Suggest a chemical test to show the presence of ‘heavy water’.
c) Explain why water can dissolve most ionic compounds.
(7 marks)
Answer:
14 a) A deuterium atom has one neutron in the nucleus but a hydrogen atom does not have any
neutron in the nucleus. / They have different mass numbers. (1)
b) i) They have the same electronic arrangement in their atoms. (1)
ii)
(1)
iii) It can turn dry cobalt(II) chloride paper from blue to pink. (1,
1)
c) Strong attractive forces exist between ions in an ionic compound and water molecules.(1)
This causes the ions to move away from the solid and go into the water. (1)
15 The following table shows some information of elements.

Element Number of protons Number of neutrons
W 3 4
X 7 7
Y 9 10
Z 15 16
a) Which of the above elements belong to the same group? Explain your answer.
b) i) Explain why Y exists as diatomic molecules.
ii) Draw an electron diagram for Y2, showing electrons in the outermost shells only.
c) W and X combine to form an ionic compound P. Draw an electron diagram of compound
P, showing electrons in the outermost shells only.
d) X and Y combine to form a covalent compound Q with a molecular formula of X2Y2.
i) Draw an electron diagram of compound Q, showing electrons in the outermost
shells
only.
ii) State the number of lone pair electrons each atom of X in X2Y2 has.
(9 marks)
Answer:
15 a) X and Z (1)
Their atoms have the same number of electrons in the outermost shells. (1)
b) i) An atom of Y has an electronic arrangement of 2,7. (1)
It needs one more electron to obtain the stable electronic arrangement of a neon
atom. (1)
Each atom of Y can obtain the electronic arrangement of a neon atom by sharing one
of its outermost shell electrons with another atom of Y. (1)
ii)
(1)
c)
(1)
d) i)
(1)
ii) 1 lone pair electrons

(1)
16 a) The table below shows some physical properties of Group I elements.

Element Boiling point (oC) Density (g cm-3)
Lithium 1340 0.50
Sodium 880 0.97
Potassium 460 0.86
i) State how the melting point changes in going from the top to the bottom of Group I.
ii) Suggest how all values for properties in the table are considered NOT typical of
metals in general.
iii) State ONE property of Group I elements, not given in the table, which is typical of
metals in general.
b) The diagram below shows part of a sodium chloride crystal, with one sodium ion labelled
with a positive (+) sign.
i) In the diagram, mark all sodium ions with a positive (+) sign and all chloride ions
with a negative (-) sign.
ii) Explain why sodium chloride is an insulator of electricity in the solid state, but it
conducts electricity in the molten state.
c) You are provided with three unlabelled bottles each containing one of the white solids
listed below:
table salt, silicon dioxide, sugar
Outline physical tests you would use to distinguish the three substances from one another.
State also the expected observations.
(10 marks)
Answer:
16 a) i) Decrease (1)
ii) Low in value (1)
iii) Shiny / malleable / ductile / good electrical conductor / good thermal conductor (1)
b) i)
(1)
ii) Solid sodium chloride does not conduct electricity because ions in the
compound are held together by strong ionic bonds and thus not free to move.
(1)
The ions becomes mobile in molten state. (1)
c) Add water to the three substances separately. (1)
Silicon dioxide is insoluble while the other two are soluble. (1)
Test the electricity conductivity of the two solutions obtained. (1)
Solution of the table salt conducts, but that of the sugar does not. (1)
17 Consider the following three elements.
32 35 40
16 X 17 Y 20 Z
a) X and Y react to form a compound P with a molecular formula of X2Y2.
Draw an electron diagram of P, showing electrons in the outermost shells only.
b) Y reacts with Z to form a compound Q.
i) Draw an electron diagram of compound Q, showing electrons in the outermost
shells only.
ii) Calculate the formula mass or relative molecular mass of Q.
c) Explain whether P or Q has a higher melting point in terms of the forces between
particles.
d) Explain whether Q is soluble in water.
(9 marks)
Answer:
17 a)
(1)
b) i)
(1)
ii) 40 + 2 × 35 = 110 (1)

c) Q has a higher melting point. (1)
Q has a giant ionic structure and the ions are held by strong ionic bonds. (1)
P has a simple molecular structure and the molecules are held by van der Waals’
forces. (1)
More energy is required to break the strong ionic bonds between ions in Q.
Therefore, the melting point of Q is higher.
d) Q is soluble in water. (1)
Strong attractive forces exist between ions in Q and water molecules. (1)
18 The electron diagram of ammonium chloride is as follows:

a) What are elements X, Y and Z?
b) i) Identify the type of bond exists between the two ions.
ii) Identify the type of bond exists between elements X and Y.
c) Does solid ammonium chloride
i) dissolve in water?
ii) conduct electricity?
Explain your answers.
d) Describe a chemical test to show the presence of chloride ions in a solid sample. State the
expected observation(s).
(13 marks)
Answer:
18 a) X: Hydrogen (1)
Y: Nitrogen (1)
Z: Chlorine (1)
b) i) Ionic bond (1)
ii) Covalent bond (1)
c) i) Yes. (1)
Strong attractive forces exist between ions in ammonium chloride and water
molecules. (1)
ii) No. (1)
There are no mobile ions or electrons in solid ammonium chloride. (1)
d) Dissolve the sample in water (1)
and then add excess dilute nitric acid, followed by silver nitrate solution. (1)
A white precipitate is formed. (1)
19 Some properties of iron, sulphur and iron(II) sulphide are listed in the following table.
Iron Sulphur Iron(II) sulphide
Melting Point (oC) 1540 113 1195
Electrical conductivity in molten Conductor Non- Conductor
state conductor
Reaction on addition of dilute ?? No observable ??
hydrochloric acid change
a) Suggest how iron(II) sulphide can be prepared from iron and sulphur.
b) Explain the difference in melting point between sulphur and iron.
c) Explain the difference in electrical conductivity between sulphur and molten iron(II)
sulphide.
d) Explain why iron is a good conductor of heat.
e) What will be observed when iron and iron(II) sulphide are added into dilute hydrochloric
acid separately?
f) Suggest a simple method that allows you to separate iron powder from a mixture of iron
and sulphur.
(14 marks)
Answer:
19 a) By heating iron and sulphur powder in a test tube. (1)

b) Sulphur has a simple molecular structure and the attractive forces between sulphur
molecules are weak van der Waals’ forces. (1)
Atoms in iron are held together by strong metallic bonds. (1)
More energy is required to break the strong metallic bonds between atoms in iron.
Therefore, iron has a higher melting point. (1)
c) Sulphur cannot conduct electricity because there are no mobile ions or electrons. (1)
Iron(II) sulphide can conduct electricity when in molten state because there are mobile
ions. (1)
d) When iron is heated, the mobile electrons get more energy. (1)
They move faster and collide with other electrons more often. This helps to transfer the
heat energy. (1)
e) Iron: Iron dissolves / gas bubbles are evolved / a pale green solution is obtained. (1 × 2)
Iron(II) sulphide: Iron(II) sulphide dissolves / a gas with a bad egg smell will be evolved /
a pale green solution is obtained. (1 × 2)
f) Place a magnet near to the iron / sulphur mixture. (1)
Iron powder will be attracted out from the mixture. (1)
20 The following diagram shows a form of carbon.
a) To which group of the periodic table does carbon belong?

b) i) What is the type of structure shown in the above diagram?
ii) Based on the structure of carbon shown, suggest ONE use of it.
c) i) Is carbon in this form soluble in water? Explain your answer.
ii) Can this form of carbon conduct electricity? Explain your answer.
d) Give the name of another form of carbon.
e) When carbon is burnt in excess oxygen, a compound is formed.
i) Give the name of the compound. Suggest a chemical test to identify this compound.
ii) State and explain the difference in melting point between the compound formed and
carbon.
(13 marks)
Answer:
20 a) Group IV (1)
b) i) Giant covalent structure (1)
ii) As a glass cutter (1)
c) i) Carbon is insoluble in water. (1)
Carbon atoms are held by strong covalent bonds. Water cannot separate the atoms.
(1)
ii) Carbon in this form cannot conduct electricity (1)
as there are no mobile ions or electrons. (1)
d) Graphite (1)
e) i) The compound is carbon dioxide. (1)
It can turn limewater milky. (1)
ii) Carbon has a higher melting point than carbon dioxide. (1)
Carbon has a giant covalent structure. The carbon atoms are held together by strong
covalent bonds. (1)
Carbon dioxide has a simple molecular structure. There are weak van der Waals’
forces between carbon dioxide molecules. (1)
More energy is required to break the strong covalent bonds between atoms in
carbon. Therefore, carbon has a higher melting point.
21
a) Name the type of bonding between particles in

i) potassium bromide;
ii) silicon dioxide.
b) Draw an electron diagram of potassium bromide, showing electrons in the outermost
shells only.
c) Suggest ONE property which is different for potassium bromide and silicon dioxide.
d) Explain why silicon dioxide is a solid with a high melting point while carbon dioxide is a
gas at room temperature.
(8 marks)
Answer:
21 a) Potassium bromide: ionic bond (1)

Silicon dioxide: covalent bond (1)
b)
(1)
c) Potassium bromide is soluble in water but silicon dioxide is not. (1)

or, potassium bromide can conduct electricity in molten state but silicon dioxide cannot.
d) Silicon dioxide has a giant covalent structure. There are strong covalent bonds between
atoms of silicon and oxygen. (1)
A lot of heat energy is needed to overcome the strong bonds between the atoms.
Therefore, silicon dioxide has a high melting point. (1)
Carbon dioxide has a simple molecular structure. There are weak van der Waals’ forces
between carbon dioxide molecules. (1)
Little energy is needed to separate the molecules. Therefore, carbon dioxide exists as a
gas at room temperature. (1)
22 Consider the following substances:

aluminium oxide, diamond, iodine and sodium oxide
The following flow chart is used to identify these substances.
a) Draw electron diagrams of iodine and aluminium oxide, showing electrons in the
outermost shells only.
b) Identify substances A and B.
c) Draw a labelled diagram of the experimental set-up for testing the electrical conductivity
of a substance in molten state.
d) Suggest a test which allows you to distinguish between substances C and D.
(8 marks)
Answer:
22 a) Iodine:
(1)
Aluminium oxide:
(1)
b) A: Iodine (1)
B: Diamond (1)
c)
(2)
d) In flame test, sodium oxide gives a golden-yellow flame (1)
while aluminium oxide does not give a characteristic flame colour. (1)
or, Sodium oxide is soluble in water
while aluminium oxide is insoluble in water.
23 Sodium and hydrogen react to form sodium hydride NaH.

a) Draw an electron diagram of a hydride ion H-.
b) The following diagram shows an incomplete structure of sodium hydride.
Complete the diagram by adding the missing ions.

c) i) Based on the above structure, explain why solid sodium hydride does NOT conduct
electricity.
ii) Explain why molten sodium hydride conducts electricity.
iii) Predict TWO other physical properties of sodium hydride.
d) Suggest a test which allows you to identify the presence of sodium ion in sodium hydride.
(8 marks)
Answer:
23 a)
(1)
b)
(1 mark for correct position of Na+; 1 mark for correct position of H-) (2)
c) i) The sodium ions and hydride ions in solid sodium hydride are attracted tightly by
strong ionic bonds, hence the ions are not free to move. (1)
ii) The ions in sodium hydride become mobile. (1)
iii) Any two of the following:
It is soluble in water / it has a high melting point / it is hard. (1 × 2)
d) Sodium hydride gives a golden yellow flame in flame test. (1)
24 State and explain whether the following statements are true.

a) Isotopes of the same element have the same physical properties.
b) In general, ionic bond is stronger than covalent bond.
c) Elements belonging to the same group have similar chemical properties.
d) Ionic compounds are not soluble in non-aqueous solvents.
(8 marks)
Answer:
24 a) False (1)
Isotopes of same element have different number of neutrons and thus they have different
physical properties. (On the other hand, isotopes should have the same chemical
properties because they have the same electronic arrangement.) (1)
b) False (1)
The strength of ionic bond should be similar to that of covalent bond because both of
them are strong electrostatic attractions. (1)
c) True (1)
It is because they have the same number of outermost shell electrons in their atoms. (1)
d) True (1)
In an ionic compound, ions are attracted by strong ionic bonds. There is no such strong
attractive forces between ions in the ionic compound and molecules of a non-aqueous
solvent. Hence, an ionic compound is insoluble in a non-aqueous solvent. (1)
25 Consider the following table.

Substance Melting Point (oC) Electrical Conductivity Electrical conductivity in
at room temperature molten state
A 3550 Poor Poor
B -23 - -
C 56 Poor Poor
D 232 Good Good
E 750 Poor Good
a) Which of the above substances
i) is / are ionic compound(s)?
ii) is / are covalent compound(s) with simple molecular structure(s)?
iii) is / are metal(s)?
iv) could be diamond?
Explain your choices.
b) State whether substances A, B, C and E are soluble in water.
(16 marks)
Answer:
25 a) i) E (1)
It can only conduct electricity in molten state but not in solid state. (1)
ii) B, C (1 × 2)
B is a gas at room temperature. (1)
C has poor electrical conductivity in both solid and molten states and (1)
it has a low melting point. (1)
iii) D (1)
It can conduct electricity in both solid and molten states. (1)
iv) A (1)
It has a very high melting point and (1)
it does not conduct electricity in both solid and molten states. (1)
b) Soluble in water - E
(1)
Insoluble in water - A, B and C (1 × 3)
26 “Elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar chemical properties.”
Discuss the above statement. Illustrate your answer with reactions of elements in Group II and
VII of the periodic table.
(You are required to give a paragraph-length answer. In this question, 5 marks will be awarded
for chemical knowledge and 3 marks for effective communication.)
(8 marks)
Answer:
26 Elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar chemical properties because
their atoms have the same number of electrons in their outermost shells. (1)
The alkaline earth metals, such as calcium and magnesium, have 2 electrons in the outermost
shells of their atoms. (1)
When calcium and magnesium are added to dilute hydrochloric acid, they dissolve and give
out hydrogen gas rapidly. (1)
The halogens, such as chlorine and bromine, have 7 electrons in the outermost shells of their
atoms. (1)
Both chlorine and bromine react with hydrogen. (1)
(3 marks for effective communication)
27 Below is a sketch of the melting points for some Period 3 elements.
Discuss how the melting points of the elements are related to their bondings and structures.
(You are required to give a paragraph-length answer. In this question, 6 marks will be awarded
(9 marks)
Answer:
27 Sodium, magnesium and aluminium are metals. The strength of the metallic bond depends on
the number of delocalized electrons in the metal structure. (1)
Sodium has one outermost shell electron per atom, magnesium has two while aluminium has
three. The strength of metallic bond and hence the melting point increase from sodium to
aluminium. (1)
Silicon has a giant covalent structure. Each silicon atom is covalently bonded to four other
silicon atoms. (1)
To melt silicon, a lot of heat energy is needed to overcome the strong covalent bonds between
the atoms. Therefore, it has a very high melting point. (1)
Phosphorus, sulphur and chlorine exist as simple molecules. The molecules are attracted to
one another by weak van der Waals’ forces. (1)
Little energy is needed to separate the molecules. Therefore, they have low melting points. (1)
28 With the help of electron diagrams, describe the formation of potassium sulphide and carbon
disulphide from atoms of their elements. State, with explanation, which of the two compounds
has a higher melting point.
(You are required to give a paragraph-length answer. In this question, 9 marks will be
awarded
(12 marks)
Answer:
28 Potassium (K2S) is an ionic compound.

When potassium and sulphur combine, two potassium (K) atoms lose 2 electrons to form two
potassium ions (K+), each with an electronic arrangement of 2, 8, 8. (1)
A sulphur (S) atom will accept the electrons from the two potassium atoms and forms a
sulphide ion (S2-) with an electronic arrangement of 2, 8, 8. (1)
(1)
Carbon disulphide (CS2) is a covalent compound. Both carbon and sulphur are non-metals;
they form covalent bonds by sharing electrons. (1)
Carbon (C) is a group IV element. A carbon atom needs four more electrons to obtain a stable
electronic arrangement. Sulphur (S) is a group VI element. A sulphur atom needs two more
electrons to obtain a stable electronic arrangement. (1)
Therefore, one carbon atom combines with two sulphur atoms to form a carbon disulphide
molecule. (1)
(1)
Potassium sulphide has a higher melting point than carbon disulphide. Potassium sulphide is
an ionic compound with a giant ionic structure. (1)
Carbon disulphide has a simple molecular structure. Molecules are held together by weak van
der Waals’ forces. (1)
More energy is required to break the strong ionic bonds between ions in potassium sulphide.
Therefore, potassium sulphide has a higher melting point.
29 “Potassium chloride and silicon dioxide have very different electrical conductivities and
solubilities in water.”
Discuss and explain these differences with reference to the structures of the two
compounds.
awarded
(9 marks)
Answer:
29 Potassium chloride (KCl) has a giant ionic structure while silicon dioxide (SiO2) has a giant
covalent structure. (1)
Potassium chloride conducts electricity in molten state or aqueous solution while silicon
dioxide does not conduct electricity. (1)
This is because ions in potassium chloride become mobile in molten state or aqueous solution
while there are no mobile electrons or ions in silicon dioxide. (1)
Potassium chloride is very soluble in water while silicon dioxide is insoluble in water. (1)
When potassium chloride is put into water, attractive forces exist between ions in potassium
chloride and the water molecules. This causes the potassium ions (K+) and chloride (Cl-) ions
to move away from the solid and go into the water. (1)
The atoms in silicon dioxide are held together strongly by covalent bonds and it is difficult to
separate the atoms. Therefore, silicon dioxide does not dissolve in water. (1)
30 Describe the bonding exists in metals. Discuss and explain FOUR physical properties of
metals with reference to the bonding in metals.
awarded
(9 marks)
Answer:
30 Metallic bond exists in metals. (1)

It is the attractive forces between negatively charged electrons and the positively charged ions
which hold the particles of a metal together. With this strong bond, the metallic atoms are
closely and regularly packed together, forming a giant metallic structure. (1)
Metals usually have high densities because the metallic atoms are packed together closely by
strong metallic bonds. (1)
Metals are good conductors of electricity. There are delocalized electrons in metals which help
the conduction of electricity. (1)
Metals usually have high melting points. The metallic atoms are held by strong metallic bonds.
Large amount of energy is required to break the strong bonds. Therefore, the melting points
of metals are usually high. (1)
Metals are malleable and ductile. Metallic atoms in a metal are arranged in layers. These
layers can slide over one another when a force is applied on the metal. As the layers are still
held by metallic bond, the metal will not break. Therefore, metals are malleable and ductile.(1)

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Question Bank Topic 2: The Microscopic World

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Question Bank Topic 2

The Microscopic World

Name: ___________________________ Class: ____________ Class No: __________

Mark: ___________ Date:______________

Multiple choice questions

5.1: What is an element made of?

1 The chemical symbol of copper is

5.5: Basic structure of an atom

1 Atoms are electrically neutral because

1 Different isotopes of an element have

A have different chemical properties.

about this gallium isotope are correct?

5.10: The arrangement of electrons in atoms

(Only electrons in the outermost shell are shown.)

6.1: How to group elements together?

1 The elements in the periodic table are arranged according to

1 Elements in the same group of the periodic table

6.8:Predicting the chemical properties of unfamiliar elements

7.1: Ionic and covalent bonds

1 Which of the following substances is a non-conductor of electricity?

Which of the following changes would cause the bulb to light?

7.4: Ionic bonds

1 Which of the following pairs of elements will form an ionic compound?

(Only electrons in the outermost shells are shown.)

(Only electrons in the outermost shells are shown.)

(Only electrons in the outermost shells are shown.)

Which of the following statements concerning the experiment are correct?

7.10: Covalent bonds in non-metal elements

(Only electrons in the outermost shells are shown.)

(Only electrons in the outermost shells are shown.)

The compound could be

(Only electrons in the outermost shells are shown.)

7.14:Metallic bonds in metals

1 Metallic bond is a type of bond in which

7.15:Relative molecular mass and formula mass

1 Consider the following table:

8.1: A look at the structures of some substances

1 Which of the following is NOT an ionic substance?

8.4: Giant covalent structures

1 Which of the following substances has the highest melting point?

8.6: Simple molecular structures

1 In which of the following substances do van der Waals’ forces exist?

12 Which substance exists as a liquid at -30 oC and 1 atm pressure?

8.8: Giant metallic structures

8.10: Predicting the properties of substances

10 Which substance has a giant covalent structure?

Directions: Please refer to the following instructions:

1st statement 2nd statement

2 The number of neutrons and that of An atom is electrically neutral. C

5 The relative atomic mass of chlorine is Chlorine has isotopes. A

6 Sulphur is a non-metal. Sulphur is a solid at room temperature B

11 Potassium is classified as a Group I An atom of potassium has one electron in A

16 Group 0 elements are very unreactive. The outermost shell of an atom of a A

22 Helium is ued to fill weather balloons. Helium exists as monatomic molecules. B

27 Nitrogen atoms in a nitrogen molecule Nitrogen exists as diatomic molecules. C

29 Both hydrogen chloride and Both hydrogen chloride and B

31 Phosphorus forms a covalent compound Phosphorus and chlorine belong to the B

33 When forming a compound, a potassium Potassium is a metal. B

34 Aluminium can be extracted by heating Aluminium oxide is an ionic compound. C

36 The melting point of hydrogen bromide Hydrogen bromide is a covalent B

47 The melting point of ammonia is lower Covalent bonds exist in ammonia B

54 Sugar is insoluble in water. Sugar is a covalent compound. C

55 Metals are good conductors of heat. Metals contain mobile electrons. A

Name: _________________ Class: Class No:

Mark: _ Date:____