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h¡wm¡i¡o¡u ¢Q¢Lvp¡¢h‘¡−el C¢aq¡p −mM¡l AdÉ¡u M¤h Lj¢c−el euz A¿¹a HL−n¡ hR−ll L¡R¡L¡¢R
Hl hupz h¡wm¡i¡o¡u ¢Q¢Lvp¡¢h‘¡−el C¢aq¡p −mM¡l Hdl−el fËu¡−pl p§Qe¡ h¡wm¡ ab¡ i¡l−a Cw−lS n¡p−el
fl −b−Lz Hl B−N −nôe −f¡−m¡−Ll A¢de¡uL−aÆ Sanskrit Knowledge-Systems Project-Hl p¤¤¢hn¡m N−hoZ¡l
p¤¤h¡−c Bjl¡ −S−e¢R −k 16n na¡¢ë −b−L 18n na¡¢ë fkÑ¿¹ ¢hÙ¹«a 200-250 hR−ll pjuL¡m S¥−s Bu¤−hÑcQQÑ¡l
¢LR¥ ea¥e d¡l¡ ¢hL¢na quz Hpju pwú«a-l f¢lh−aÑ ¢h¢iæ B’¢mL i¡o¡u Hhw clh¡¢l f¡−Wl dle−L R¡¢f−u
−h¢nli¡N j¡e¤−ol −h¡dNjÉ qh¡l Ef−k¡N£ HL dl−el ea¥e Bu¤−hÑcQQÑ¡ öl¦ quz H ¢hou ¢e−u HC pwLm−e pwL¢ma
u¤S¡¢Ù¹−Ll B−m¡Qe¡¢V …l¦aÆf§ZÑz k¢cJ E−õM Ll¡ clL¡l, fË¡L-Ef¢e−h¢nL (¢Lwh¡ "on the eve of colonialism’)
H lQe¡pj§q j§mNai¡−h n¡Ù»£u LÓÉ¡¢pL¡m Bu¤−hÑ−cl L¡W¡−j¡l Ae¤pl−Z J L¡W¡−j¡l j−dÉ Ah¢ÙÛa −b−LC l¢Qa q−u−Rz
H ¢ho−u Jan E. M. Houben-Hl HL¢V fËhå ea¥ei¡−h B−m¡Lf¡a L−l ("Cakrapani-Dasa’s
Abhinavacintamani: early modern or post-classical Ayurveda?" in Electronic Journal of Indian
Medicine, 1 (2007), 63–88)z B−lL¢V ¢hfl£adjÑ£ ¢hl¦Ü j−al −mM¡l SeÉ âøhÉ, Brian A. Hatcher, "Sanskrit
and the morning after: The metaphorics and theory of intellectual change", Indian Economic and Social
History Review, 44 (2007), 333-361. h¡wm¡u −mM¡ HL¢V ¢ea¡¿¹ üÒf-f¢l¢Qa NË−¿Û Bu¤−hÑ−cl ¢h¢iæ fy¥¢b J

f¤Ù¹−Ll i¡−m¡ ¢hhlZ f¡Ju¡ k¡u (…l¦fc q¡mc¡l, °hcÉL-hªš¡¿¹, L¢mL¡a¡, 1954)z HR¡s¡ p¤¤MÉ¡a 'Bd¤¢eL' L¢hl¡S
NZe¡b −p−el −mM¡ Bu¤−hÑc f¢lQu-H (¢hnÄi¡la£ NË¿Û¡mu, 1350 h‰¡ë) Bu¤−hÑ−cl pw¢rç, AbQ By−V¡p¡−V¡, C¢aq¡p
f¡Ju¡ k¡uz H f¤Ù−¹ Ll B−lL¢V °h¢nøÉ q−μR Bu¤−hÑ−cl p−‰ Bd¤¢eL ¢Q¢Lvp¡l pwO¡a J pq−k¡¢Na¡l hªš¡¿¹
k−bø …l¦aÆ ¢e−u B−m¡¢Qa q−u−Rz NZe¡b −p−el HL¢V j¿¹hÉ …l¦aÆf§ZÑ, “Hje ¢L flhaÑ£ k¤−Nl h¡NiV¡Q¡−kÑl NË−¿ÛJ
−l¡N¢h‘¡−el Ef¡ul©−f e¡s£ fl£r¡l Lb¡ E¢õ¢Ma qu e¡Cz hÙ¹¥a: flhaÑ£ k¤−N n¡l£lQQÑ¡ ¢hm¤ç qC−m Hhw
“A‰¥ùj§mNa S£h p¡¢rZ£ dje£l”’ p¢qa q©cÚk−¿»l pðå fkÑ¿¹ L¢hl¡S jq¡nuNZ i¥¢mu¡ −N−m HC e¡s£¢h‘¡−el
pª¢ø qCu¡−Rz” (fª: 19) B−lL¢V S¡uN¡u hm−Re, “Cq¡l fl Bu¤−hÑ−cl f¤eliÉ¥c−ul L¡m Cw−l¢S 1830 p¡m qC−a
Blñ qu...jd¤p§ce …ç 1835 p¡−m ehfË¢a¢ùa −j¢X−Lm L−m−S ¢eSq−Ù¹ nhhÉh−μRc L¢l−a ¢Nu¡¢R−mez Bu¤−hÑ−cl
f¤eliÉ¥c−ul fËbj j¿» ¢a¢eC EμQ¡lZ L−lez” (fª: 31)
fË¡u 300 hRl B−NL¡l L¢hl¡S£ f¡as¡ e¡−j HL fË¡Q£e h¡wm¡ fy¥¢bl på¡e f¡Ju¡ k¡−μR (p¤¤n£m L¥j¡l
−c, ¢qØV¢l Ah −h‰¢m ¢mV¡−lQ¡l Ce cÉ e¡Ce¢Veb −p¾Q¥¢l: 1800-1825, 1919)z −p NË−¿Û r¥d¡j¡¾cÉ-l fË¢aL¡l
¢e−u B−m¡Qe¡ B−R - "h¡C Að−ml fË¢aL¡lz...Bðm qC−a −k 2 hmh¡e qu a¡q¡ O¤−Qz Cq¡l e¡j ny¥¢VMäz"
B−lL¢V abÉ Bj¡−cl −N¡Q−l Bp¡ qu−a¡ m¡iSeL q−hz A¿¹a 600 Mªø¡ë −b−L Bu¤−hÑc pwœ²¡¿¹ ¢h¢iæ NË−¿Ûl
lQ¢ua¡l¡ A−eLpj−uC Bu¤−hÑc ¢h−no‘l¡ eez Ec¡qlZ ¢q−p−h hll¦¢Ql Lb¡ E−õM Ll¡ k¡uz ¢a¢e fË¡u 22¢V f¤Ù¹L
lQe¡ L−l¢R−mez 13¢V ¢Rm hÉ¡Ll−Zl, 1¢V A¢id¡ez HR¡s¡ AeÉ¡eÉ f¤Ù−¹ Ll j−dÉ HL¢V ¢Rm Bu¤−hÑ−cl Jf−lz
(Hp He c¡p…ç, H ¢qØV¢l Ah pÉ¡¾p¢œ²V ¢mV¡−lQ¡l, 1j Mä, 1947, fª: 730)
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k¡−q¡L, ¢hË¢Vn flhaÑ£ pj−u ¢Q¢Lvp¡¢h‘¡−el C¢aq¡pQQÑ¡l HL hªqv Awn-C i¡l−al S¡a£ua¡h¡c£
B−¾c¡m−el ¢hL¡−nl p¡−b k¤š²z Ešl-Ef¢e−h¢nL Hhw ¢ea¡¿¹ Bd¤¢eL pj−ul C¢aq¡p QμQÑ¡l Lb¡ h¡c ¢c−m f¤l−e¡
C¢aq¡p QμQÑ¡l HL¢V ¢h−no dle ¢R−m¡z Hl −Ty¡L ¢Rm Aa£a i¡l−al (k¡−L LM−e¡ LM−e¡ C¢aq¡−plJ h¡C−l h−mJ
dl¡ q−u−R) −N±lhN¡b¡ lQe¡l ¢c−Lz Hl HL¢V fËaÉr Ec¡qlZ ¢c−u−Re l¡ým ¢fV¡l c¡pz 1996 p¡−m avL¡m£e
−h¡−ð−a p¤¤MÉ¡a, i¡la£u ¢Q¢Lvp¡¢hcÉ¡l C¢aq¡p ¢e−u phÑSej¡eÉ N−hoL −N¢lV ¢jE−me−hô−L C¾V¡leÉ¡ne¡m
AÉ¡−p¡¢p−une gl cÉ ØV¡¢X Ah VÊÉ¡¢Xne¡m H¢nu¡e −j¢X¢p−el al−g H Hm hÉ¡n¡j −jX¡m −ch¡l Ae¤ù¡−e Bj¢¿»a
hš²hÉ l¡M−a Ae¤−l¡d Ll¡ quz ay¡l hš²−hÉ ¢jE−me−hô i¡la£u −j¢X¢p−el ¢h−no LaL…−m¡ ¢cL ¢e−u B−m¡Qe¡
Ll¢R−mez B−m¡Qe¡ Qm¡L¡m£e ¢LR¥ i¡la£u úm¡l, ky¡−cl i¡la£u I¢aqÉ ¢e−u −L¡e dl−el pj¡−m¡Qe¡C fR−¾cl
eu, L¥v¢pv j¿¹hÉ J f¢l¢ÙÛ¢al pª¢ø L−lez −Lhm −p¢je¡−l Sj¡−ua qJu¡ Aa j¡e¤−ol i−u −L¡elLj ¢hf‹eL
f¢lZ¢a−a −k−a f¡−le ¢e (c¡p, "Ae cÉ −eQ¡l AÉ¡ä −X−imf−j¾V Ah 'VÊÉ¡¢Xpe¡m C¢äu¡e −j¢X¢pe'", S¡eÑ¡m
Ah cÉ CE−l¡¢fu¡e Bu¤−hÑ¢cL −p¡p¡C¢V, 3, 1993)z
H f¢l−fË¢r−a L−uL¢V ¢hou f¡WL−cl ¢h−hQe¡l SeÉ a¥−m dl¡ −k−a f¡−lz Bjl¡ ¢eÕQu-C Øjl−Z
l¡M−h¡ AeÉ pjÙ¹ C¢aq¡p lQe¡l j−a¡C i¡l−al ¢Q¢Lvp¡¢hcÉ¡l C¢aq¡p Ae¤d¡he Ll−a −N−m −L¡−e¡ HL¢V HLj¡¢œL
R−L ¢Lwh¡ n¡pL-n¡¢p−al plm L¡W¡−j¡−a H−L −h¡T¡ k¡−h e¡z SSÑ h¡p¡õ¡-l j−X−ml j−a¡ f¢ÕQj£ ¢h‘¡e −Lhm
Qy¥C−u QyC¥ −u h¡ hÉ¡fe fË¢œ²u¡u H−c−n H−p −fy±Ru ¢ez Bu¤−hÑ−cl AiÉ¿¹−l −kje, −aj¢e Bd¤¢eL ¢Q¢Lvp¡l p−‰
i¡la£u ¢Q¢Lvp¡l ¢h¢iæ d¡l¡ (Bu¤−hÑc, CEe¡¢e, ¢pÜ¡ CaÉ¡¢c) ¢h¢iæi¡−h pqh¡p-pq−k¡¢Na¡-pwO¡a-Hl jdÉ ¢c−u
Ù¹l¡¢ua J pÇf¢LÑa q−u −b−L−Rz H L¡l−Z öd¤j¡œ e¡LQ ¢Lwh¡ NËqZ - H L¡W¡−j¡−L A¢aœ²j L−l e¡e¡i¡−h p§rÈ
p§rÈ Ù¹−l H C¢aq¡p−L −My¡S¡l −Qø¡ BS ¢h−nÄl N−hoLjq−m d£−l d£−l fËd¡e Q¢lœ ¢e−μRz Hl j¡−T
p¡j¡¢SL-l¡S°e¢aL-AbÑ°e¢aL Ae¤o‰ −kje B−R, −aj¢e i¡o¡, në, hÉ¡LlZ¢h¢d, Ae¤h¡−cl ¢h−no i¨¢jL¡−L −h¡T¡
CaÉ¡¢c Ae¤o‰…−m¡J B−Rz haÑj¡e pj−u Hph ¢LR¥−L ea¥e L−l −h¡T¡ ¢Q¢Lvp¡¢h‘¡−el C¢aq¡p −h¡T¡l fË¡b¢jL
Ef¡c¡e q−u EW−Rz H pwLme −p ple£−a HL¢V fË¡b¢jL fc−rfz H pwLm−e fËL¡¢na BeÑô, BeÑØV, q¡VÑeÉ¡L,
j¤M¡¢SÑ, hp¤¤, J f¡¢m−al fËhå pj§q H d¡lZ¡…−m¡ h¤T−a f¡WL−cl p¡q¡kÉ Ll−h h−m Bj¡−cl ¢hnÄ¡pz H −fËr¡f−V
pÇf¡cL ¢q−p−h ¢LR¥ fË¡b¢jL B−m¡Qe¡l fË−u¡Se l−u−Rz Bjl¡ Hh¡l −p¢c−L fË−hn Ll−h¡z
Bjl¡ k¡l¡ BS i¡la£u ¢Q¢Lvp¡l C¢aq¡p J ül©f h¤T−a −Qø¡ Ll¢R a¡−cl C¢aq¡−pl −h¡−dl dle
(Ef¢e−h¢nL, Ešl-Ef¢e−h¢nL J Bd¤¢eL ¢nr¡l B−m¡−L B−m¡LfË¡ç cª¢øi‰£-S¡a) Hhw k¡−cl q¡−a fË¡Q£e
i¡la£u ¢Q¢Lvp¡-n¡Ù» l¢Qa q−u−R LM−e¡ HLlL−jl q−h e¡z Hje¢L fË¡L-¢hË¢Vn J ¢hË¢Vn-Ešl i¡l−a C¢aq¡−pl
−h¡d pÇf¨ZÑ ¢iæ dl−el ¢Rmz h¡‰¡m£l −L¡e C¢aq¡p −eC h−m h¢ˆjQ−¾cÊl p−Mc E¢š² −a¡ ph¡l-C S¡e¡z C¢aq¡p
j¡−e −k HL¢V pju−lM¡ (plm°l¢ML) hl¡hl ¢h¢iæ OVe¡l pwOVe−L h¤−T k¡Ju¡ HC−V Bj¡−cl −h¡¢d−a −fË¡¢ba
q−u−R Ef¢e−h¢nL Bd¤¢eLa¡l p§Qe¡mNÀ −b−Lz haÑj¡eL¡−ml I¢aq¡¢pL −h−e¢Xƒ AÉ¡ä¡lp−el i¡o¡u homogeneous
empty time-Hl phÑhÉ¡f£ d¡lZ¡ fª¢bh£l C¢aq¡−pl ea¥e ¢ejÑ¡Z pñh L−l−Rz HC pjpaÆ n§ZÉ pju S¡a£ua¡ua¡h¡−cl
HL¢V SeL-J h−Vz Øjl−Z l¡M¡ clL¡l, Ee¢hwn na−Ll −no ¢cL −b−L H−c−n S¡a£ua¡h¡−cl d¡lZ¡ SeÈm¡i
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Ll−a öl¦ L−lz HLV¥ AeÉ i¡−h hm−m, QlL- h¡ p¤n¤ Ë¥a-pw¢qa¡u −ki¡−h ¢Q¢Lvp¡¢hcÉ¡−L BqlZ Ll¡l Lb¡ hm¡
B−R a¡ pj−ul HC Bd¤¢eL d¡lZ¡l p−‰ M¡f M¡u e¡z HSeÉ ¢V H Ju¡CS −b−L −qe¢l ¢Sj¡l fkÑ¿¹ ph¡l −mM¡−aC
i¡la£u ¢Q¢Lvp¡l C¢ahªš fËL«af−r −Lhm HL¢V fË¡Q£e piÉ S¡¢al repositry of knowledge q−u−R,
¢L¿¹¥ j§mNai¡−h Hl SeÈhªš¡¿¹ I¢aq¡¢pL eu −f±l¡¢eL - H d¡lZ¡C h¡lwh¡l Ae¤l¢ea q−u−Rz f¡bÑ QÉ¡V¡¢SÑ ay¡l
HL¢V fËh−å fy¢¥ Sl fËh¡−ql h¡C−l AhÙÛ¡e Ll¡ pj−ul H d¡lZ¡−L heterogeneous time of modernity h−m−Rez
k¢c HLV¥ AeÉi¡−h Bjl¡ ¢hou¢V−L −c¢M a¡q−m, Bn¡ Ll¡ k¡u, B−l¡ ¢LR¥ ¢iæ hÉ¡MÉ¡−a −fy±R¥−e¡
−k−a f¡−lz l¢jm¡ b¡f¡−ll ¢h−nÔo−Z, i¡la£u fVi¨¢j−a plm °l¢ML pj−ul Ef¡c¡−el Evp haÑj¡e ¢Rm Hhw a¡
sacred-Hl d¡lZ¡l p−‰ k¤š² S¥¢XJ-¢œ²¢ÕQu¡e °l¢ML pj−ul d¡lZ¡ −b−L ¢iæz ay¡l ¢hQ¡−l, i¡la£u Qœ²¡L¡l pju
(cyclic time) Hhw °l¢ML pju (linear time)-Hl j−dÉL¡l ¢à-¢hi¡Se −h¢n −h¢n L−l AØfø q−u J−Wz fl¿¹¥,
"categories of time demarcate the earlier story from the later narrative. Such 'devices of temporal
distancing' also provide implications of how the past was perceived." (Thapar, Time as A Metaphor of
History: Early India, OUP, 2006) fËp‰a, pj−ul HC ¢hi¡Se Hje¢L ¢nÒf-¢hfÔh Qm¡L¡m£e CwmÉ¡−äJ k−bø
Øføi¡−h ¢R−m¡z (âøhÉ, E. P. Thompson, "Time, Work-Discipline and Industrial Capitalism", Past and
Present, 38, 1967) H fVi¨¢j j¡b¡u −l−M Bjl¡ ¢L B−lLh¡l −i−h −cM−h¡ −k, hªqv-œu£-l (QlL, p¤¤nË¥a J h¡Ni–)
V£L¡L¡−ll¡ −ki¡−h J −kpjÙ¹ V£L¡ J hÉ¡MÉ¡ j§m f¡−Wl −r−œ hÉhq¡l L−l−Re −p…−m¡ fË¡Q£e Bu¤−hÑ−cl C¢aq¡p
−h¡T¡l HL¢V dle q−a f¡−l, k¢c C¢aq¡p j¡−e −Lhmj¡œ −l−epy¡-Ešl I¢aq¡¢pL −Qae¡l f¤e¢eÑ¢ja L¡W¡−j¡ J
−h±¢ÜL q¡¢au¡l e¡ ¢Q¢q²a L−l?
Ef¢e−h¢nL pju flhaÑ£ C¢aq¡p-−h¡−dl −k Bs¡B¢s J M¡s¡M¡¢s ¢hi¡Se qm a¡−a Bd¤¢eL ¢h‘¡−el
−Qae¡l fËp¡l p¡hÑSe£e ¢nr¡l fËd¡e j¡dÉj ¢q−p−h ea¥e °h‘¡¢eL f¢li¡o¡l pª¢ø Ll¡ J CE−l¡−f Ae¤pªa fÜ¢a
Ae¤p¡−l fË¡Q£e, dË¥fc£ pwú«a h¡ Cw−l¢S c¤−V¡−LC f¢lq¡l L−l ÙÛ¡e£u i¡o¡u, −kje h¡wm¡ ¢q¢¾c J j¡l¡¢W, ea¥ei¡−h
fË−u¡Se£u në °a¢l L−l −eJu¡ - Hph¢LR¥ …l¦aÆf¤ZÑ i¨¢jL¡ f¡me Ll−a öl¦ Ll−m¡ (H ¢ho−u ApwMÉ B−m¡Qe¡l
j¡−T HL¢V …l¦aÆf§ZÑ fËhå q−μR, Michael Dodson, "Translating Science, Translating Empire: The Power of
Language in Colonial India", Comparative Studies in Society and History, 47, 2005, 809-835). CØV

C¢äu¡ −L¡Çf¡¢el p¡SÑe ¢fV¡l −hËVe 1825 p¡−m −j¢X¢p−el −r−œ Ae¤h¡−cl pjpÉ¡l pj¡d¡e Llh¡l SeÉ HL¢V
hC ¢mM−me - A Vocabulary of the Names of the various parts of the Human Body and of Medical and
Technical Terms in ENGLISH, ARABIC, PERSIAN, HINDEE and SANSCRIT for the use of The
Members of the Medical Department in India. Hl j¤Mh−å ¢a¢e S¡e¡−me, H¢nu−cl AÉ¡e¡V¢jl p¡−b Af¢lQ−ul
cl¦e AÉ¡e¡V¢jl ¢hhl−Zl Efk¤š² −L¡e në H−cl S¡e¡ −eC Hhw hý fË¡QÉ në-C H L¡−S f¤−l¡f¤¢l Ae¤fk¤š²z H−cl
i¡ä¡−l e¡iÑ-Hl AbÑ-hqeL¡l£ −L¡e në S¡e¡ −eCz HSeÉ e¡iÑ-−L Nus, asub, shirra CaÉ¡¢c h−m b¡−Lz Hl 14
hRl f−l, 1839-H fËL¡¢na cÉ J¢l−ueV¡m −ql¡ô AÉ¡ä L−m¡¢eu¡m Ce−V¢m−S¾p¡l-H hm¡ qm, “One of the most
interesting spectacles it has ever been our lot to witness in this country, was exhibited on Saturday at the
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Medical College.” −p ¢ce¢V ¢Rm −j¢XLÉ¡m L−mS −b−L f¡n Ll¡ fËbj fy¡QSe X¡š²¡¢l ¢X¢NË fË¡f−Ll p¡¢VÑ¢g−LV
−eh¡l ¢cez
−X¢iX BeÑô k¡−L He−LÓi −j¢X¢pe −b−L f¡h¢mL −qmb-H k¡œ¡ h−m−Re, HLV¥ ¢iæ cª¢ø−L¡e −b−L
i¡h−m, Bjl¡ H−L i¡l−al −r−œ CE−l¡f£u dl−e −hXp¡CX −j¢X¢pe −b−L qp¢fV¡m −j¢X¢p−e k¡œ¡ h−mJ i¡h−a
f¡−lz qu−a¡ −pV¡ B−l¡ −hn£ p‰¢af§ZÑ q−hz Q¡mÑp m¡¢nwV−el cÉ ¢qØV¢l, ¢XS¡Ce AÉ¡ä −fË−S¾V −ØVV Ah cÉ
¢l¢m¢Su¡p, −h−e−i¡−m¾V AÉ¡ä QÉ¡¢l−Vhm Ce¢ØV¢VEnep g¡−äX h¡C cÉ ¢hË¢Vn Ce C¢äu¡ (L¢mL¡a¡: ¢q¾c¥Ù¹¡¢e −fËp,
1824) NË−¿Û Bjl¡ −cM−a f¡−h¡ ¢Li¡−h 18n na−Ll p§Qe¡u ea¥e Lm-L¡lM¡e¡ °a¢l qh¡l g−m c¤OÑVe¡S¢ea
−l¡N£l pwMÉ¡ œ²j¡Na h¡s−R Hhw a¡−cl, i¡l−al C¢aq¡−p fËbjh¡−ll SeÉ, Bd¤¢eL q¡pf¡a¡−ml Ju¡−XÑ −l−M (pjË¡V
A−n¡−Ll c¡ahÉ ¢Q¢Lvp¡m−ul p−‰ k¡l −L¡e a¥me¡ e¡ Ll¡C i¡−m¡), nmÉ-¢Q¢Lvp¡, ¢VL¡c¡e CaÉ¡¢c fË¢œ²u¡ öl¦
qmz Bu¤−hÑc£u h¡ CEe¡¢e ¢Q¢LvpL−cl j−a¡ −l¡N£−L O−ll f¢l−h−n −l−M −l¡−Nl prognosis-¢eiÑl ¢Q¢Lvp¡l f¢lh−aÑ
¢h¢μRæ, EeȨm q¡pf¡a¡−ml f¢l−h−n −l¡N£l −c−ql Jfl fl£r¡-¢el£r¡ J ¢LE−l¢Vi ¢Q¢Lvp¡ öl¦ qmz HV¡ öd¤C
He−LÓi −j¢X¢p−el clS¡ M¤−m Ef¢e−h−nl fË−u¡S−e Sea¡l ü¡−ÙÛÉl ¢c−L k¡œ¡ eu, k¢cJ H Ae¤o‰-J Hl j¡−T
l−u−Rz B−lL¢V a−bÉl E−õM Ll¡ −k−a f¡−lz 1764 p¡−mC −h‰m p¡¢iÑp (C¢äu¡e −j¢XLÉ¡m p¡¢iÑp-Hl f§hÑp§l£)
°a¢l quz Hl −fR−e E−ŸnÉ ¢R−m¡ “attending medical relief to the troops and servants of the East India
Company in the Bengal Presidency, and the Madras and Bombay services had a similar origin.”
(C−Çf¢lu¡m −N−S¢Vu¡l Ah C¢äu¡, 4bÑ Mä, fª: 459) B−l¡ −L±a¥qmSeL q−m¡, “The military duties of the
Indian Medical Service are, it should be explained, confined to the Native army. Medical duties in
connexion with European troops are performed by the officers of the Royal Army Medical Corps
(R.A.M.C).” Ef¢e−h¢nL pj−ul C¢aq¡p lQe¡l −r−œ H fËp‰…−m¡ Sl¦¢l q−u J−Wz LmL¡a¡l −j¢XLÉ¡m L−mS
CwmÉ¡−äl h¡C−l fËbj mäe CE¢ei¡¢pÑ¢V ü£L«a L−mS q−mJ Hhw −p L−mS −b−L fË¡j¡ZÉ ¢X¢NË ¢e−u X¡š²¡¢l f¡n
Ll−mJ Q¡L¢l Hhw ¢Q¢Lvp¡l −r−œ fËLV f¡bÑLÉ Bj¡−cl Ae¤på¡−el −k¡NÉ ¢hou q−u J−W °h ¢Lz B−lL¢V ¢ho−ul
fË¢a cª¢ø BLoÑZ Ll¡ −k−a f¡−lz Ee¢hwn naL S¥−s −l¡N J ¢Q¢Lvp¡ pÇf−LÑ −kph nëh−ål hÉhq¡l q−u−R a¡l
HLV¡ hs Awn-C ¢R−m¡ p¡j¢lL −jV¡gl, −kje conquest, killing, invasion, microbe-hunter CaÉ¡¢cz (âøhÉ,
Laura Otis, Membranes, Metaphors of Invasion in Nineteenth-Century Literature, Science and Politics
(Medicine and Culture), Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999)
−N±¢l ¢hnÄe¡be ay¡l j¡úp Ah Le−L¡−uØV (1989)-H h−m−Re −k Ef¢e−h−nl Sea¡l R¢s−u-¢RV−u
b¡L¡ Q¢lœ J ¢iæ dl−el fË¡¢aù¡¢eL L¡W¡−j¡l cl¦e Cw−lSl¡ a¡−cl p¡¢qaÉ-¢nr¡ pwœ²¡¿¹ hý fl£r¡-¢el£r¡ i¡l−a
fËbj pgmi¡−h L−l, f−l −pV¡ CwmÉ¡ä-H fËk¤š² quz p¡¢qaÉ ¢e−u ¢hnÄe¡be k¡ h−m−Re −j¢X¢p−el −r−œJ a¡ hým¡w−n
p¢aÉz Bjl¡ Bp¢R −p Lb¡uz i¡l−a fËbj, CwmÉ¡−äl B−N plL¡¢l ¢eu¿»−Z, −j¢XLÉ¡m L−mS °a¢l quz CwmÉ¡−ä
−kje hÉ¢š²Na c¢rZ¡ ¢c−u X¡š²¡¢l fs¡ö−e¡ Ll−a q−a¡, a¡l ¢hfl£−a HM¡−eC fËbj i¡la£u R¡œ−cl plL¡¢l
úm¡l¢nf ¢c−u fs¡−e¡l hÉhÙÛ¡ öl¦ quz C−Çf¢lu¡m −N−S¢Vu¡l Ah C¢äu¡-−a (A„−g¡XÑ, 1909, 4bÑ Mä) S¡e¡−e¡
5
q−μR, “The early pupils of the Calcutta college received stipends to support them during the period of
training, and a first batch of four entered the Government service in 1838. At first there was some
prejudice against European medical methods, and especially against the practice of dissection, but these
difficulties were succesfully overcome.” (p. 441)
HM¡−e HL¢V a−bÉl E−õM Ll¡ −k−a f¡−lz 1836 p¡−ml 1m¡ S¡e¤u¡¢l a¡¢l−M à¡lL¡e¡b W¡L¥l
p¡q¡l¡ef¤−ll −L¡e HL hÉ¡−Ve p¡−qh−L ¢mM−Re, “I have converted at least 200 good Hindu boys by giving
them the holy water that comes from Corbonell & Co., so that by and by they will all sing a chorus with
me at some of the chapels.” (à¡lL¡e¡b W¡L¥l g¡Cm, ¢hnÄi¡la£ BLÑ¡CipÚ, n¡¢¿¹¢e−Lae) l¡j−j¡qe l¡u, −LnhQ¾cÊ

−pe, Aru L¥j¡l cš fËj¤M i¡la£u ehS¡Nl−el f¤−l¡d¡ f¤l¦−ol¡ f¢ÕQj£ ¢h‘¡−el L¡kÑLl£ Awn…¢m −kje,
lp¡ue¢hcÉ¡,AÉ¡e¡V¢j, fË¡L«¢aL cnÑe, −SÉ¡¢a¢hÑcÉ¡ CaÉ¡¢c ¢hcÉ¡mu J L−mS ¢nr¡l H−Lh¡−l fË¡b¢jL Ù¹l −b−L Q¡m¤
Ll¡l f−r −S¡l¡−m¡ pJu¡m Ll¢R−mez Aru cš−a¡ f¢l×L¡l i¡o¡u S¡¢e−u¢R−me - i¡l−al clL¡l HLSe −hLe,
HLSe −hLe Hhw HLSe −hLez −k ¢hou¢V Hph B−m¡Qe¡ −b−L p¡j−e B−p a¡ q−m¡, Cw−lSl¡ HL¢c−L ¢nr¡
J p¡j¡¢SL cnÑ−el SN−a f¢ÕQj£ i¡h¡c−nÑ fË¡¢Za HL¢V fË¢af¢šn¡m£ p¡j¡¢SL −nËZ£l SeÈ ¢c−a −f−l¢R−m¡, AeÉ¢c−L
i¡la£u ‘¡−el SN−al ül©f ¢e−S−cl L¡−R E−eÈ¡¢Qa Ll−a −f−l¢R−m¡ ¢e−S−cl j−a¡ L−lz ¢àa£u fc−r−fl HL¢V
g¢ma ¢cL q−m¡ i¡la£u ¢Q¢Lvp¡ pÇf−LÑ fËbj¢c−Ll Cw−lS f¢äa−cl j¡−T EμQ d¡lZ¡ b¡L−mJ flhaÑ£L¡−m HLj¡œ
i¡la£u −ioS¢hcÉ¡ R¡s¡ (−pV¡J −no Ah¢d Eo· f¢l−h−nl Ef−k¡N£ −V¡VL¡−a fkÑÉh¢pa q−u¢R−m¡) AeÉ −L¡e ‘¡e−LC
fËL«a ‘¡e ¢q−p−h NZÉ L−l ¢ez Hl HLV¡ Ec¡qlZ q−μR, nh-hÉh−μR−cl SeÉ CwmÉ¡−ä −kje 1832 p¡−m AÉ¡e¡V¢j
AÉ¡ƒ Q¡m¤ Ll−a q−u¢R−m¡, H−c−n −pph¢LR¥ Ll−a qu ¢ez AbÑ°e¢aL, p¡j¡¢SL J p¡j¢lLi¡−h c¤hÑm c¢lâ i¡lah¡p£
fË¡u A−LÓ−n HL¢c−L ¢LÓ¢eLÉ¡m fl£r¡l p¡jNË£ q−u−R, AeÉ¢c−L nh-hÉh−μR−cl fËL«a 'object' q−u E−W−Rz −j¢XLÉ¡m
L−m−Sl AÉ¡e¡V¢jl fË−gpl X. He f¡e 1919 p¡−m S¡eÑ¡m Ah AÉ¡e¡V¢j-−a “Some Observation on the
Gastro-Intestinal Tract of the Hindus” e¡−j HL¢V fËhå ¢m−M¢R−mez H−a ay¡l 65¢V nh−cq hÉh−μR−cl E−õM

¢R−m¡z ¢a¢e S¡¢e−u¢R−me, H…−m¡ ph-C LÉ¡Çf−hm −j¢XLÉ¡m ú¥−ml unclaimed bodies. H−cl fË¡u ph¡C
c¢lâ−nËZ£l h¡‰¡¢m, ¢hq¡¢l J J¢su¡z (N. Pan, “Some Observation on the Gastro-Intestinal Tract of the
Hindus,” in Journal of Anatomy 53, pt. 2 and 3 (1919): 259.) Hl f¡n¡f¡¢n B−lL¢V a−bÉl E−õM Ll¡ clL¡lz
i¡l−a f¢ÕQj£ −j¢X¢p−el Suk¡œ¡ HaV¡C L¥p¤j¡Ù¹£ZÑ ¢R−m¡ e¡z −X¢iX BeÑô pq AeÉ¡eÉ …l¦aÆf§ZÑ N−hoL−cl N−hoZ¡
−b−L Bjl¡ −S−e¢R, −fÔN J AeÉ¡eÉ −l¡−Nl V£L¡ −cJu¡ J ¢Q¢Lvp¡ ¢e−u c¡‰¡ fkÑ¿¹ q−u−Rz Hl h¡C−l B−l¡ OVe¡
O−V−R −k…−m¡ p¡d¡lZ −Q¡−M −R¡V, g−m eSl H¢s−u k¡uz 6C S¥m¡C 1872 p¡−m (−j¢XLÉ¡m L−mS fË¢aù¡l 37
hRl f−l) hÜÑj¡e −Sm¡ −b−L h¡LmÉ¡ä h¡wm¡ plL¡−ll −p−œ²V¡¢l−L ¢mM−Re, “If any one has observed how
difficult it is to get his private servants, or the people who come within his immediate influence at a
sudder (pcl) station to take English medicines properly and regularly, and to submit themselves to
reasonable treatment, he will easily conceive how much of the effect is lost when medicine is given to a
 6
set of ignorant and doubting people in the villages, who probably do their best to destroy valuable
properrties of the English drugs by combining with them (as they fancy) the prescriptions of the
kabirajes or the wise and aged women of the village.” (Proceedings of the Lieutenant-Governor of
Bengal, Calcutta: Bengal Secretary Office, 1872, 451. West Bengal State Archives) H dl−el fË¢a−l¡d
phpj−uC ¢R−m¡ - HL¢c−L H−c−nl −cnS ¢Q¢LvpL pj¡−Sl p¡−b, AeÉ¢c−L p¡d¡lZ Sea¡l p¡−bz Hh¡l Bjl¡
i¡la£u ¢Q¢LvpL pj¡−Sl AhÙÛ¡e J Bd¤¢eL −j¢X¢p−el p¡−b Hy−cl pÇfLÑ J V¡e¡-−f¡−se ¢e−u A¢a pw−r−f
B−m¡Qe¡ Ll−h¡z
¢hË¢V−nl q¡a d−l H−c−n f¢ÕQj£ ab¡ Bd¤¢eL −j¢X¢p−el BNj−el f−l i¡la£u Bu¤−hÑ−cl °h¢nøÉ
(Abh¡ c¤hÑma¡)-l ¢cL…−m¡ d£−l d£−l fËL¡¢na J fËLV q−a öl¦ Ll−m¡z ¢œ-−c¡o ašÄ-¢i¢šL −l¡N Ae¤d¡h−el
f¢lh−aÑ A‰-pwÙÛ¡e ¢eiÑl ¢Q¢Lvp¡ fË¡d¡eÉL¡l£ AhÙÛ¡e NËqZ Ll−a b¡L−m¡z [k¢cJ E−õM Ll¡ fË−u¡Se, Hje ¢L
1909 p¡−mJ ¢hË¢Vn hu¡−e ¢h¢iæ −l¡−Nl fËd¡e −k 10¢V L¡lZ hÉ¡MÉ¡ Ll¡ q−u−R −p…−m¡ HlLj - 1¢V ¢qEj¡l-S¢ea,
1¢V SÆl-S¢ea, 7¢V A‰-fËaɉ −b−L, 1¢V a¥μR L¡l−Zz (C−Çf¢lu¡m −N−S¢Vu¡l Ah C¢äu¡, f§−h¡Ñš², fª: 438) mrÉ
Ll¡l ¢hou, ¢hwn na¡¢ël öl¦−aJ Bd¤¢eL −j¢X¢p−el hÉ¡MÉ¡u ¢q−f¡−œ²¢Vu-NÉ¡−m¢eu ¢qEj¡−ll d¡lZ¡ ¢hl¡S Ll−Rz]
Bu¤−hÑ−cl AiÉ¿¹−l c¤¢V Ef¡c¡−el O¡V¢a Cw−l¢S ¢nr¡u ¢n¢ra Bu¤−hÑc ¢hn¡lc−cl L¡−R fËd¡e f£s¡l
L¡lZ q−u¢R−m¡ h−m Ae¤j¡e Ll¡ k¡u - fËbj, piÉa¡l œ²−j¡μQ d¡f pÇf−LÑ (k¡l p−h¡ÑμQ d¡−f l−u−R ¢hË¢Vn ab¡
CE−l¡f£ul¡) ¢ÙÛl¢hnÄ¡p SeÈ¡−e¡l g−m Bu¤−hÑ−c n−ël ¢h−no −fË¢ra-¢eiÑl −k në¡bÑ B−R a¡−L −fË¢ra j¤š² L−l
p¡hÑSe£e p¡d¡lZ A−bÑ fkÑÉh¢pa Ll¡, Hhw ¢àa£u, AÉ¡e¡V¢j ¢nr¡ J Hl gmnË¥¢a−a nmÉ¢Q¢Lvp¡l −r−œ Bd¤¢eL
−j¢X¢p−el −k QjLfËc p¡gmÉ a¡l 'qe¤Ll−Z' (GZ ü£L¡l - l¡S−nMl hp¤¤) Bu¤−hÑ−cl L¡Òf¢eL AÉ¡e¡V¢jl ‘¡e−L
Bd¤¢eL L−l −a¡m¡z Be¤j¡¢eL 600 ¢MËø¡ë −b−L i¡l−a AÉ¡e¡V¢jl QQÑ¡ ¢hm¤ç qu (H B−m¡Qe¡l SeÉ pwLm−el
¢Sj¡ljÉ¡e, ¢Sú J i–¡Q¡−kÑl fËhå âøhÉ)z c¡−pl ¢h−nÔo−Z, fËL«a nh-hÉh−μR−cl f¢lh−aÑ S£h-S¿¹¥l hÉh−μRc
AÉ¡e¡V¢jl ‘¡−el SeÈ ¢c−a f¡−l (c¡p, cÉ J¢l¢Se Ah cÉ m¡Cg Ah H ¢qEjÉ¡e ¢hCw, 2003; HR¡s¡J âøhÉ,
AÉ¡m−hËMV J−uh¡l, cÉ ¢qØV¢l Ah C¢äu¡e ¢mV¡−lQ¡l, 1882; −S jÉ¥l, J¢l¢Se¡m pÉ¡¾p¢œ²V −V„VpÚ Ae cÉ J¢l¢Se
AÉ¡ä AÉ¡ä ¢qØV¢l Ah cÉ ¢ffm Ah C¢äu¡, 1870; jÉ¡L−X¡−em J L£b, −h¢cL Ce−X„, 2 Mä, 1912 Hhw
Hp He c¡p…ç, H ¢qØV¢l Ah C¢äu¡e ¢gmp¢g, 2u Mä, 1999) HlLj HL f¢l−h−n 1820 p¡−m h¡wm¡u
¢hcÉ¡q¡l¡hm£ R¡f¡ q−m¡z ¢h‘¡f−e hm¡ q−u¢R−m¡ - h¡‰¡m¡ i¡o¡u L«a CE−l¡f£u pîÑNË¡qÉ a¡hv Bu¤−hÑc ¢nÒf¢hcÉ¡¢c
j§mNË¿Û¡hm£z avfËbjNË¿Ûz hÉh−μRc¢hcÉ¡z (−c, ¢qØV¢l Ah −h‰¢m ¢mV¡−lQ¡l Ce cÉ e¡Ce¢Veb −peQ¥¢l: 1800-1825,
fª: 251)
Bjl¡ B−NC −c−M¢R, Bd¤¢eL nl£l¢hcÉ¡u hÉhq©a në J Bu¤−hÑ−cl në¡bÑ ¢e−u pjpÉ¡ öl¦ q−u¢R−m¡
(H pwLm−e c¡−pl fËhå âøhÉ)z −p pjpÉ¡ B−l¡ a£hË q−u EW−m¡z Hl ¢hÙ¹¡−l e¡ ¢N−u ¢jE−me−hô-Hl HL¢V fkÑÉ−hrZ
−cM¡ −k−a f¡−l, “There are also many versions with a tendency to overinterpretation, especially by the use
of the technical terms borrowed from contemporary medical science...Those who are not versed in
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Sanskrit are unable to do so and will be at a loss when comparing the existing translations, which are so
different from one author to another that a comparison is not possible at all.” (The Madhavanidana, 2008,
p. 3) Bu¤−hÑc R¡s¡J p¡d¡lZ Ae¤h¡−cl −r−œJ H pjpÉ¡ −N¡s¡ −b−LC ¢R−m¡z Hje ¢L ¢hcÉ¡p¡N−ll j−a¡ f¢äa

ay¡l ¢e−Sl e¡−jl h¡e¡e A¿¹a Q¡l S¡uN¡u Q¡l lLj i¡−h ¢m−M¢R−me (âøhÉ, J. F. Blumhardt, Preface, Catalogue
of Bengali Printed Books in the Library of the British Museum, 1886)
QlL, p¤¤nË¥a, h¡Ni– flhaÑ£ Bu¤−hÑ−cl −k ¢hL¡n O−V¢R−m¡ a¡ fËd¡ea c¤-¢ae¢V ¢hou ¢i¢šL ¢R−m¡
- (1) j¡dhL−ll q¡−a pqS−h¡dÉ J HL¢V ¢e¢cÑø k¤¢š²œ²j ¢i¢šL −l¡−Nl −nËZ£¢hi¡N, (2) e¡s£ fl£r¡l j−a¡ ea¥e
¢LR¥ ¢ho−ul Bu¤−hÑc QQÑ¡u fË−hn Hhw (3) ¢gl‰ −l¡N h¡ jp§¢lL¡-l j−a¡ ¢LR¥ −l¡−Nl ea¥e h¡ ¢hÙ¹«a hZÑe¡z Bh¡l
¢jE−me−hô-Hl fkÑÉ−hrZ EÜ«a Ll¢R (ØjlZ Ll¡ fË−u¡Se£u ¢Sj¡ljÉ¡e-J ay¡l cÉ S¡‰m AÉ¡eX cÉ AÉ¡−l¡j¡ Ah
¢jVp-H pjdjÑ£ fkÑÉ−hr−Z −fy±−R−Re), “The renaissance of āyurveda since about the middle of the nineteenth
century ... in the competitive struggle with Western medicine ... led to the construction of a unitary and
coherent model of Indian medicine, weaned from inconsistencies and untenable concepts, and,
particularly, as free from magical and religious elements as possible. The ancient terms for
physiological and pathophysiological processes, nosological entities, etc., were diligently re-interpreted
to bring them into line with terms derived from Western medicine. These procedures resulted in the
appearance of a type of āyurveda that can best be designated as navyāyurveda or neo-āyurveda.”
(Meulenbeld, History of Indian Medical Literature, IA, Groningen: Egbert Forste, 1999, p. 2, HR¡s¡J

ay¡l “The many faces of Āyurveda”, Journal of European Āyurvedic Society, 4, 1995, pp. 1-10, âøhÉ)
−no Lb¡ ¢q−p−h hm¡ k¡u, Bd¤¢eL −j¢X¢p−el BNj−el jdÉ ¢c−uC h¡wm¡ ab¡ i¡l−a −fn¡ ¢q−p−h
¢Q¢Lvp¡¢hcÉ¡l ea¥e SeÈ qu - ¢L Bd¤¢eL ¢Q¢LvpL ¢L Bu¤−hÑc£u ¢Q¢LvpL Ei−ul −r−œCz H ¢e−u HM−e¡ h¡wm¡i¡o¡u
−L¡e …l¦aÆf§ZÑ B−m¡Qe¡ qu ¢ez
i¡l−a −cnS ¢Q¢Lvp¡ J Bd¤¢eL ¢QLvp¡l j−dÉL¡l B¿¹:pÇfLÑ ¢e−u −kje hý-Ù¹l¡¢ua ¢œ²u¡-fË¢a¢œ²u¡
Q−m−R −aj¢e Bd¤¢eL ¢Q¢Lvp¡l AiÉ¿¹−lJ Q−m−R ApwMÉ V¡e¡-−f¡−sez hýj¡¢œL, hýül£u, hýd¡-¢hiš² ¢Q¢Lvp¡l
SN−al BaÈf¢lQu S¡e¡ J haÑj¡−el c¤¢eu¡u H BaÈf¢lQ−ul fËL¡n ¢Li¡−h OV−R H ¢e−u HC pwLme¢V NË¿Ûe¡
Ll¡ q−u−Rz pñha h¡wm¡i¡o¡u H¢V fËbj E−cÉ¡Nz Hl gm¡gm ¢hQ¡−ll i¡l f¡WL−cl q¡−az pwLme¢V−a A−eL…−m¡
c¤hÑm ¢cL B−Rz −p…−m¡ AÒf Lb¡u HlLj - Ae¤h¡−cl p¡hm£m ü¡μR¾cÉ A−e−r−œC lr¡ Ll¡ k¡u ¢e, pjÙ¹ Cw−l¢Sl
h¡wm¡ Ae¤h¡c qu ¢e (HV¡ j−e¡−k¡N£ f¡WL−cl AhnÉ-C AfR¾c q−a f¡−l), pÇf¡ce¡l −rœ¢V −k Ù¹−ll p¤¤Q¡l¦ −p±LkÑ
c¡h£ L−l −pV¡ A−eLpj−uC ¢hl¢š²Ll fkÑ¡−u ApÇf¨ZÑ −b−L−Rz flhaÑ£ pwúl−Z H œ¥¢V…−m¡ pw−n¡d−el SeÉ ilp¡
J ¢hnÄ¡−p il L−l b¡L¢Rz L−W¡l pj¡−m¡Qe¡ ¢e−S−cl öÜ q−a p¡q¡kÉ L−l, H−a¡ H−Lh¡−l pju-fl£¢ra paÉ!

Su¿¹ i–¡Q¡kÑ
¢X−pðl, 2008
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GZ ü£L¡l:
ky¡l¡ Ae¤h¡−cl nš² L¡S¢V pj¡d¡e L−l−Re ay¡−cl ph¡l L¡−R pÇf¡cL ¢q−p−h hÉ¢š²Nai¡−h B¢j Hhw
Ahi¡p fËL¡ne¡ GZ£ J L«a‘z ¢h−no L−l Routledge fËL¡ne¡l L¡−Rz Routledge-Hl al−g Hj¡ ¢NË¢gbpÚ
Bj¡−cl−L −X¢iX BeÑô-Hl fËhå¢V h¡wm¡u Ae¤h¡c Ll¡l Ae¤j¢a ¢c−u−Re, −L¡elLj ¢h¢eju j§mÉ hÉ¢a−l−Lz
Bjl¡ GZ£ Jy−cl L¡−Rz CwmÉ¡ä-H h−p fË¢Sa BeÑ−ôl fËh−ål Ae¤h¡c L−l ¢c−u−Rez l¡ým ¢fV¡l c¡−pl H¢V
h¡wm¡u −mM¡ 2u fËhå, −Lhmj¡œ Ahi¡−pl-C SeÉz h¡wm¡i¡¢o f¡W−Ll¡ EfL«a q−hez BeÑØV Hhw u¤S¡¢Ù¹L Bj¡−L
S¡¢e−u−Re Jy−cl R¡œ−cl BN¡j£ hR−ll f¡WÉ a¡¢mL¡u H pwLme Wy¡C −f−u−Rz HV¡ Bj¡−cl fË¡¢çz