PREDISPOSING FACTORS PRECIPITATING FACTORS

51, male, family history Working environment (tunnel laborer),

cigarette smoking, excessive drinking,
anemia, intake of salty foods, stress

Nicotine and Vasoconstriction of Atheromatous plaques are

carbon monoxide the blood vessels deposited in the blood vessel walls
obtained from
cigarette
smoking

Narrowing of the lumen

Decreased myocardial
oxygen supply in the heart

Inadequate pumping of
blood in the heart

Decreased blood supply in

the kidneys

Initiation of Renin-Angiotensin-
Aldosterone System
 Sodium and fluid retention

Increase in blood pressure

Incompliance to
medication
Uncorrected hypertension

Cardiomegaly Cardiac decompensation

Left sided heart

failure symptoms:

-Dyspnea

-Tachypnea
Right sided heart failure
-Crackles in the lungs
symptoms:
-Dry, hacking cough
- Peripheral Edema
Heart Failure
- distended jugular vein - Orthopnea

- Pallor

If not treated If treated

Chronic Congestive Heart Failure

Drugs: Heart Transplant

Pulmonary Congestion
- Antithrombotic (Aspirin)

- Loop diuretics (Furosemide)

Hypoxia
- Beta Blockers (Olmesartan)

-Vasodilators (Dobutamine)
Death

Clinical Manifestations:

Pulse

- 60 to 100 beats per minute

Blood pressure

- 90 to 140 mmHg (systolic)

60 to 90 mmHg (diastolic)

Respirations

Prolonged life-span - 12 to 20 breaths per minute