Bio Ch 5: The Endocrine System

Hormones: Three basic types

• Peptide Hormone
o Can’t diffuse across cell membranes, so need to attach to a
membrane bound receptor. The receptor can then act in
various ways.
o Anterior Pituitary Hormones: FSH, LH, ACTH, hGH, TSH,
Prolactin
o Posterior Pituitary Hormones: ADH and Oxytocin
o The parathyroid hormone PTH
o The pancreatic hormones: glucagon and insulin
• Steroid Hormones
o Derived from cholesterol. Are typically able to diffuse
through cell membranes but need to bind to some sort of
transport molecule to travel through blood.
o Adrenal Cortex: cortisol and aldosterone
o Gonadal Hormones: estrogen, progesterone, testosterone
• Tyrosine Derivatives
o Carried through blood by plasma protein carriers and
typically bind to receptors inside the nucleus.
o Thyroid hormones
o Adrena Medulla: epinephrine and norepinephrine
PGS 105-109 discuss the above hormones. Know what these hormones
do, where they are made, where they’re stored, and what they’re
target tissue is.

Reproduction

You should know the basic male anatomy

• Sperm production occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the
testes
o Epithelial
cellsspermatogoniaspermatocytesspermatids
Spermatozoa
o FSH stimulate sertoli cells
o LH stimulate Leydig cells which release testosterone
o Sperm travel to the epididymus to mature. Upon
ejaculation sperm travel through the vas deferens, into the
urethra, and out of the penis.

The Female Reproductive System

Oogenesis
All primary follicles are present at birth.
• Be familiar with the processes on pg 113