g3 Thermodynamics Experiments

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10/2004
WL 100 BOYLE'S LAW DEMONSTRATION
• Unit for demonstrating Boyle's law Specification

• Small compressor included [1]Unit for demonstrating Boyle's law
[2]lxwxh 750x400x700mm, 25kg
[3]Measuring cylinder containing test gas, ma-
nometer and scale
Technical description [4]Compressor, can also be used as vacuum
Boyle’s law is demonstrated by making a change in state of the air in a trans- pump
parent measuring cylinder. The air is compressed using hydraulic oil from a [5]Plexiglass cylinder D 133mm, height 330mm
second cylinder which is connected to a small compressor. The volume and [6]230V, 50/60Hz, 1 ph. or 120V, 60Hz, 1 ph.
pressure of the gas can be measured with a scale on the measuring cylinder and
Technical data
a manometer. The compressor required is included.
Compressor/vacuum pump: Motor output: 65W,
max. flow rate: 11.5ltr/min, operating pressure:
2bar g
Final vacuum: 240mbar
Pressure measuring range: 0..4bar absolute
Experiments Dimensions and weight
• Demonstration of Boyle's law l x w x h : 750 x 400 x 700 mm
Weight : approx. 25 kg
Scope of delivery
1 basic unit, 1 5ltr bottle of hydraulic oil with
funnel, 1 compressor, 1 instruction manual
Order details
060.10000 WL 100 Boyle's Law
Demonstration
G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH, P.O.Box 1125, D-22881 Barsbüttel, Phone +49 (40)670854-0, Fax +49 (40)670854-42, E-mail sales@gunt.de, Web http://www.gunt.de
We reserve the right to modify our products without any notifications.
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10/2004
WL 102 BOYLE'S LAW DEMONSTRATION / PC
• Demonstration of Boyle's law Specification

• Processing of measured data on a PC [1] Unit for demonstrating Boyle's law,
lxwxh 860x560x840mm, 45kg
[2] Processing of the measured data on a PC
[3] 2 measuring cylinders containing air as test gas
Technical description [4] Electronic sensors to measure temperature,
2 independent transparent cylinders each contain a certain quantity of air. The pressure, level of liquid, 1 temperature controller
air is used as the test gas. In the cylinder on the right the air is electrically [5]Compressor, can be used as vacuum pump
heated at constant volume and the temperature and pressure changes are [6] 230V, 50Hz, 1 ph. or 120V, 60Hz, 1 ph.
measured. The air in the left cylinder is compressed quasi-isothermally using
Technical data
hydraulic oil and a compressor. In this case the pressure and volume changes
are measured. All measurements are made electrically and indicated on digital Compressor/vacuum pump: 60W, 2.5bar, vac-
displays. They can be transferred to a PC for further processing. uum 213mbar
Heater: 300W
Pressure measuring range: 0...4bar absolute
LabView software under Windows NT/2000/XP
• Demonstration of Boyle's law l x w x h : 860 x 560 x 840 mm
• Ideal gas equation of state Weight : approx. 45 kg
Scope of delivery
1 basic unit, fully assembled, 1 data acquisition
card with software, 1 manual
Order details
060.10200 WL 102 Boyle's Law
Demonstration/PC
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06/2005
WL 200 DEW POINT HYGROMETER
• Simple laboratory experiment for determining atmospheric Specification

humidity [1]Experimental set-up for the experimental
• All parts clearly laid out in a case determination of the dew point of air
[2]l x w x h 420x300x75mm, 3kg
[3]Mirror area 70x70mm
Technical description [4]Set comprising a hygrometer vessel, clamp-
The experimental set-up enables the water vapour content of air at atmospheric ing mechanism, thermometer, pipette and hand-
pressure to be determined. The principle of operation is the cooling of a highly held bulb pump
polished metal surface until droplets of condensation are visible. The dew point
is determined using temperature measurements. A case is supplied with the
Technical data
hygrometer head including a clamping device, bulb pump, thermometer and a
pipette. Rod-type thermometer with button cell 1.55V
Measuring range: -10...115°C

• Determination of relative and absolute atmospheric humidity l x w x h : 420 x 300 x 75 mm
• Representation of atmospheric humidity on an h-ω diagram Weight : approx. 3 kg
Scope of delivery
1 experimental set in a case, 1 instruction
manual
Order details
060.20000 WL 200 Dew Point Hygrometer
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08/2006
WL 202 Fundamentals of Temperature Measurement
* Experimental introduction to temperature The well-structured instructional material sets out the
measurement: methods, areas of application, technological fundamentals and provides a step-by-
characteristics1 step guide through the measurements and
experiments.
* Clearly laid out unit primarily for laboratory
experiments, also suitable for demonstration Learning Objectives / Experiments
purposes - Learning the fundamentals of temperature
measurement by experimentation
- Familiarisation with the various methods, their
Technical Description areas of application and special features:
Recording temperature is one of the basic tasks in process and + non-electrical methods: gas- and liquid-filled
manufacturing automation. Electronic temperature sensors are the most thermometers, bimetallic thermometers and
widely used in automation applications but conventional thermometer temperature measuring strips
types are still widely applied in many areas. The WL 202 experimentation + electronic methods: thermocouple,
set-up covers the full range of temperature measurement methods. As resistance temperature detector PT100,
well as non-electrical measuring methods, such as gas- and liquid-filled thermistor (NTC)
thermometers and bimetallic thermometers, all typical electronic - Determining air humidity with a psychrometer
measuring methods are covered in the experiments. The electronically - Calibrating electronic temperature sensors
measured temperatures are displayed directly on programmable digital - Programming digital displays
displays. A temperature-proportionate output voltage signal (0 - 10V)
is accessible from lab jacks, enabling temperature characteristics to be
recorded with, for example, a plotter. A digital multimeter with precision
resistors is used to calibrate the electrical measuring devices. Various
heat sources or storage units (immersion heater, vacuum flask and
laboratory heater) permit relevant temperature ranges to be achieved for
the sensors being tested. A plastic casing houses the sensors, cables,
temperature measuring strips and immersion heater.
G.U.N.T Gerätebau GmbH, Fahrenberg 14, D-22885 Barsbüttel, Phone +49 (40) 67 08 54-0, Fax +49 (40) 67 08 54-42, E-mail sales@gunt.de, Web http://www.gunt.de
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08/2006
WL 202 Fundamentals of Temperature Measurement
Specification
[1] Experiments in the fundamentals of temperature
measurement with 7 typical measuring devices
[2] Various heat sources or storage units: laboratory
heater, immersion heater, vacuum flask
[3] Calibration units: precision resistors and digital
multimeter, +/-200mV
[4] Mercury, bimetallic and gas pressure thermometers
[5] Temperature sensors: PT100, thermocouple
type K, thermistor (NTC)
[6] Various temperature measuring strips
[7] Psychrometer for humidity measurement
[8] Plastic casing for sensors, cables, measuring strips
and immersion heater
[9] 230V, 50/60Hz, 1 phase or 120V, 50/60Hz, 1 phase
1 power-regulated socket, 2 laboratory heater for water and sand, 3 psychrometer to Technical Data
determine air humidity, 4 gas pressure thermometer, 5 bimetal thermometer, Immersion heater:
6 vacuum flask, 7 mercury thermometer, 8 digital display, thermocouple type K,
9 digital display, thermistor (NTC), 10 digital display, PT100, 11 multimeter
- power output: 500W
- adjustment of power feed via power-regulated
socket
Laboratory heater with thermostat:
- power output: 450W
- max. temperature: 450°C
Vacuum flask: 1ltr
Measuring ranges:
- resistance temperature detector PT100: 0...100°C
- thermocouple type K: 0...1000°C
- thermistor (NTC): 20...55°C
- mercury thermometer: -10...300°C
- bimetallic, gas pressure thermometer: 0...200°C
- temperature measuring strips: 29...290°C
Precision resistors: 10Ω, 100Ω, 1000Ω
Psychrometer: thermometer: 0...60°C
Dimensions and Weight

Temperature measurement with a thermocouple type K: A) nickel chrome,
B) nickel; 1 measuring point, 2 vessel at constant temperature, 3 reference l x w x h : 800 x 500 x 650 mm
point, 4 voltmeter Weight : approx. 40 kg
Connections
230V, 50/60Hz, 1 phase or 120V, 50/60Hz, 1 phase
Scope of Delivery
1 unit, complete
1 case
1 set of cables
1 laboratory heater
1 immersion heater
1 vacuum flask
1 digital multimeter
1 set of instructional material
Order details
Multimeter 060.20200 WL 202 Fundamentals of
Temperature Measurement
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07/2005
WL 203 METHODS OF PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
• Comparison of different types of pressure measurement Specification

• Comparison of different pressure measurement methods [1]Benchtop unit using with measuring devices
for pressure and vacuum
[2]U-tube and inclined tube manometers
[3]2 Bourdon tube manometers: pressure above
Technical description atmospheric / pressure below atmospheric
The manometer panel contains 2 tube and 2 dial manometers for the demon- [4]Plastic syringe generates test pressures in
stration of alternative measurement methods. Test pressures in the millibar the millibar range
range are generated with the aid of the supplied syringe. All manometers can be [5]l x w x h: 750x600x780mm, 37kg
combined with one another using connecting hoses. It is possible to measure
Technical data
gauge pressure and vacuum. Dial and Bourdon tube manometers can be cali-
brated with a dead-weight piston gauge. Bourdon tube manometer: 0...60mbar -60...0mbar
U-tube manometer: 0...500mmWC
Slanted tube manometer: 0...500mmWC
Panel: lxwxh: 750x600x780mm, 12kg
Calibration device: lxwxh: 400x400x400mm, 25kg

• Familiarisation with different pressure measurement methods l x w x h : 750 x 600 x 780 mm (panel)
• Function of a Bourdon tube manometer Weight : approx. 37 kg
• Pressure measurements with U-tube and Bourdon tube manometers Scope of delivery
• Calibration of mechanical manometers
1 panel, 1 calibration device, complete, 1 set of
hoses, 1 instruction manual
Order details
060.20300 WL 203 Methods of Pressure
Measurement
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06/2005
WL 204 Marcet Boiler

Technical Description
This benchtop unit demonstrates the relationship
between pressure and temperature of saturated
steam. The saturation pressure curve can be
determined up to a pressure of 15bar. A defined
amount of water is heated in a pressure vessel using
an electric heater. The temperature and pressure can
be tracked continuously on a digital temperature
display and a Bourdon tube manometer. A pressure
relief valve and a high temperature cut-out are fitted as
safety devices. Experiments with hot steam should
only be performed under the supervision of trained
personnel.
List of Experiments
- Measurement of pressure and temperature
- Drawing the vapour pressure curve
* Recording the vapour pressure curve for water

* Compact benchtop unit
* Easy to operate
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06/2005
WL 204 Marcet Boiler
Specification
[1] Unit for measuring a vapour pressure curve for
saturated vapour
[2] Boiler, content 2ltr
[3] Bourdon tube manometer 0...25bar
[4] Safety valve 20bar
[5] Switch box with main switch and digital temperature
display
[6] Heater 2kW
[7] l x w x h: 600x400x660mm, 28kg
[8] 230V, 50Hz, 1 phase
Technical Data
Bourdon tube manometer: 0...25bar
Temperature limiter: 200°C
Safety valve: 20bar
Heater: 2kW
1 safety valve, 2 boiler with insulating jacket, 3 Bourdon tube manometer, 4 switch Boiler capacity: 2ltr
box with temperature display, 5drain valve, 6 heater, 7 overflow, 8 temperature Temperature sensor: 0...250°C
sensor
Dimensions and weight
l x w x h : 600 x 400 x 660 mm
Connections
230V, 50Hz, 1 phase
Scope of Delivery
1 complete unit,
1 instruction manual
Order details
060.20400 WL 204 Marcet Boiler
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08/2006
WL 210 Flow Boiling Demonstration

The process of evaporation in heated pipes that
occurs in water-tube boilers can be demonstrated. The
different phases that appear during evaporation in the
pipe can be clearly seen. The double-wall glass
evaporation pipe allows the evaporation process to be
observed closely. Hot water flows through the outer
pipe and evaporates the medium in the inner pipe. The
non-toxic liquid used starts to evaporate at 40 to 50°C.
Low system pressures can be generated with the built-
in water-jet vacuum pump. The pipe systems are
clearly laid out on a metal panel. The hot water circuit
consists of an expansion vessel, a circulating pump
and heater. An evaporation pipe, vapour collector,
water-cooled condenser and return pipe form the
evaporation circuit.
A supply of water is necessary for operation.
Learning Objectives / Experiments

- Effect of
+ flow rate
+ temperature
+ pressure
on the evaporation process
Observation of typical forms of evaporation such as:

- Single phase liquid flow
- Bubbly flow
- Slug flow
- Annular flow
- Film boiling
- Drop flow (mist)
- Single phase vapour flow
* Demonstration of evaporation in heated pipes1

* Double-wall pipe evaporator made of glass1
* Flexible in use due to installation on a mobile
laboratory trolley1
* Operation with harmless, special low boiling point
liquid1
* Complete experiment instructions
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08/2006
WL 210 Flow Boiling Demonstration
Specification
[1] Experimental set-up for demonstrating evaporation
in a water pipe evaporator
[2] Laboratory trolley with strong metal sheet,
lxwxh 1000x600x1950mm
[3] Evaporation pipe made of double-wall glass,
heated with hot water, evaporation in inner pipe,
heating in the outer sheath
[4] Heater 2kW, temperature range 5...80°C
[5] Circulating pump, 3 stages, 90W
[6] Water jet vacuum pump for generating partial
vacuum
[7] CFC free evaporation liquid Solkatherm SES36
[8] 230V, 50Hz, 1 phase or 120V, 60Hz, 1 phase
Technical Data
Heater circuit:
- power rating: 2kW
- temperature range: 5...80°C
Thermometer: 0...100°C
Circulating pump:
- max. flow rate: 3m³/h
- max. head 5m
Water jet vacuum pump:
- rqd. water pressure 0.5bar
1 cooling water connection, 2 evaporator pipe, 3 shut off valve, 4 water jet vacuum - water consumption: 3ltr/min
pump, 5 collector with manometer, excess pressure valve and bleeding,
6 condenser, 7 hot water expansion vessel, 8 thermometer for hot water feed,
- final pressure: 12mbar
9 switch for heater and pump, 10 circulating pump, 11 electrical heater with Tube evaporator:
thermostat - length 1200mm,
- id: 13.6mm
- od: 24mm
Quantity of liquid for evaporation: 0.5ltr
Pressure range: -1.0...1.5bar relative
Condenser: copper coil

l x w x h : 1000 x 600 x 1950 mm
Connections
230V, 50Hz, 1 phase or 120V, 60Hz, 1 phase
Cooling water: required: 0.5bar, 180ltr/h
Scope of Delivery
1 experimental set-up, fully assembled
Order details
060.21000 WL 210 Flow Boiling Demonstration
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08/2006
WL 220 Boiling Heat Transfer Unit
* Benchtop unit to demonstrate the evaporation in a Learning Objectives / Experiments

steam boiler fire tube1 - Different forms of evaporation (nucleate, film
* Processing of measured values on a PC1 boiling)
- Heat transfer coefficient
* Operation with environmentally-friendly, special low- - Effect of temperature and pressure on the
boiling liquid1 evaporation process
* Complete instruction manual
The transparent process tank makes it possible to clearly observe the
evaporation process at the heated cylinder. The cylinder is used as a
model to demonstrate a fire tube heated from the inside. An integrated
water-cooled condenser allows for a continuous boiling process. The
special liquid used evaporates at low temperatures. Sensors provide all
relevant data. The measured values are indicated on digital displays and
can also be transmitted directly to a PC. A data acquisition card and
software are included.
A supply of water is required.
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08/2006
WL 220 Boiling Heat Transfer Unit
Specification
[1] Experimental set-up to demonstrate evaporation on
a fire tube
[2] Benchtop unit, l w x h: 895x455x820mm, 65kg
[3] Evaporation with heating element 0.6kW
[4] Transparent process tank, approx. 2.8ltr
[5] Copper piping
[6] CFC free evaporation liquid Solkatherm SES36
[7] Safety valve, adjustable 1...4bar
[8] Pressure switch for additional protection of heating
circuit, adjustable
[9] Digital displays for measured values
[10] PC data acquisition with LabView software
[11] 230V, 50Hz, 1 phase
Technical Data
Heater:
- power 0.6kW, continuously adjustable
- surface area: 0.001875m²
Cooler:
- coil, surface area: 0.0578m²
Measuring ranges:
- pressure transmitter: 0...4bar absolute
- power transmitter: 0...600W
- flow rate sensor: 3...108Ltr/min
1 display and control panel, 2 process tank with safety valve, 3 discharge and filling - thermocouple : 0...200°C
valve, 4 temperature sensor, 5 heater, 6 water connections, 7 throttle valve for
cooling water, 8 temperature sensor, 9 flow rate sensor for cooling water, - 4 temperature sensors: -40...150°C
10 condenser, 11 pressure switch LabView software under Windows 2000/XP

l x w x h : 895 x 455 x 820 mm
Connections
230V, 50Hz, 1 phase
Water supply and drain
Scope of Delivery
1 benchtop unit, completely assembled,
1 data-acquisition card with software,
System diagram
Order details
060.22000 WL 220 Boiling Heat Transfer Unit
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10/2004
WL 230 CONDENSATION UNIT
• Clearly laid out benchtop unit for demonstrating Experiments

the condensation process • Dropwise and film condensation
• Processing of measured data on a PC • Determination of the heat transfer coefficient during con-
• Transparent condensation cavity densation
• Effect of non-condensable gases (air) on the condensation
• Condenser with gold plated surface process
• Effect of pressure on the condensation process
• Effect of temperature on the condensation process
Technical description
The benchtop unit provides clear demonstrations of condensa-
tion processes in a glass cylinder. The system has one conden-
sation pipe with a polished gold-plated surface for dropwise
condensation, and one condensation pipe with a matt surface
for film condensation. The condensers are water-cooled. The
cooling capacity can be determined. Sensors provide all rele-
vant data which is indicated on digital displays. The measured
values can, at the same time, be transmitted directly to a PC
using a data acquisition card and analysed on the PC using the
software supplied.
A supply of water is required.
The illustration shows where the temperature measurement points are located
on the system.
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10/2004
WL 230 CONDENSATION UNIT

Specification
[1] Experimental set-up to demonstrate the process
of water condensation
[2] System mounted on table support,
lxwxh 900x455x820mm, 65kg
[3] Display of measured data on digital displays
[4] PC data acquisition with LabView software
under Windows NT/2000/XP
[5] Heater 3kW
[6] Process tank made of glass, volume 3.8ltr
[7] 2 condensation pipes with different surfaces to
realise film condensation (copper, sand blasted)
and dropwise condensation (copper, gold plated)
[8] Copper piping
[9] 230V, 50Hz, 1 phase
[10] Continuous cold water requirements 400ltr/h,
for short periods 1200ltr/h
Technical data
Max. process tank pressure: 1.5bar absolute
Safety valve: 1.2bar absolute
Pressostat: 2bar absolute
Water jet vacuum pump: Qmax: 720ltr/h, final
vacuum: approx. 16mbar
Condenser pipes: surface area: 36.18cm²
Sensors: 2x flow rate: 0.2...6ltr/min,
1 PC connector, 2 display and control panel, 3 process tank, 4 heating coil, 5 water connections,
6 water jet vacuum pump, 7 water jet vacuum pump adjustment valve, 8 flow rate sensor,
2x thermocouple J: 0...400°C,
9 temperature sensor, 10 cooling water regulator valve, 11 condenser pipes, 12 pressure switch, 5x temperature sensor: -40...150°C,
13 precipitator, 14 droplet precipitator, 15 level sensor 1x pressure: 0...4bar abs.
l x w x h : 900 x 455 x 820 mm
Vapour pressure curve for water Weight : approx. 65 kg
Connections
230V, ~50Hz
Cooling water: rqd. pressure 1bar, max.1200ltr/h
Scope of delivery
1 system, fully assembled, 1 data acquisition
card with software, 1 instruction manual
The illustration shows the vapour pressure curve for water. The WL 230 system gives the student
the opportunity to plot this curve during an experiment by observing the onset of the boiling of
water at different pressures in the reactor, and noting the corresponding temperatures. This simple
Order details
experiment makes a significant contribution to the explanation of the complex relationships in
thermodynamics. 060.23000 WL 230 Condensation Unit
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10/2004
WL 350 FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION UNIT

Air is fed through a duct and heated at heater
elements with different shaped surfaces. A fan
can be switched on for experiments on forced
convection. The temperature and air velocity are
measured using sensors. The measured values
can be read on digital displays. 3 interchange-
able heater elements are provided.
Experiments
• Demonstration of the basic principles of free
and forced convection
• Demonstration of heat transfer at a flat plate
• Demonstration of heat transfer at a pipe
bundle
• Demonstration of heat transfer at fins
• Measurement of relevant temperatures and
the flow velocity
• Determination of the heat transfer coeffi-
• Clearly laid out table unit for the experimental determination of cients for free and forced convection
heat transfer • Comparison between free and forced con-
vection
• Measurement of the air velocity with a heated spherical sensor
• Temperature distribution in the heat ex-
• Heat transfer surfaces that can be changed changer
• Comprehensive description of the experiments including • Determination of the Reynolds and Nusselt
theoretical principles numbers
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10/2004
WL 350 FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION UNIT

Specification
[1]Test stand for demonstrating the transfer of
heat by convection
[2]Table unit, lxwxh: 700x350x1200mm, 25kg
[3]Length of air duct 1m, flow cross-section
120x120mm, Vmax 160m³/h, with axial fan
[4]Determination of flow velocity with heated
spherical sensor
[5]Temperature measurement with temperature
sensors
[6]230V, 50/60Hz, 1 ph. or 120V, 60Hz, 1 ph.
Technical data
Heating elements: temperature limiting using
bimetallic strip at 120°C, max. heater power:
170W
Flat plate surface area: 0.014m²
Pipe bundle surface area: 0.098m²
Surface area of fins: 0.14m²
Handheld sensor:
Temperature measuring range: -20...70°C
Velocity measuring range: 0...10m/s
1 benchtop unit with holder, 2 sensor for measuring temperature and flow velocity, 3 air duct, Temperature sensors: thermocouple type K and
4 "cylinder" heating element, 5 temperature sensor, 6 measuring glands, 7 fan, 8 "finned" heating
element, 9 "flat plate" heating element, 10 display and control unit, 11 handheld sensor to measure
NTC
temperature and airflow velocity
l x w x h : 700 x 350 x 1200 mm
Connections
230V, 50/60Hz, 1 ph. or 120V, 60Hz, 1 ph.
Scope of delivery
1 experimental set-up, complete, 3 heating ele-
ments, 1 handheld sensor to measure airflow
velocity and temperature, 1 control and display
unit, 1 instruction manual
Order details
060.35000 WL 350 Free and Forced
Convection Unit
Page 1/2
07/2005
WL 352 Free and Forced Convection Unit / PC

The test unit for free and forced convection is
designed as a benchtop unit. Air is fed through a duct
and heated at heater elements with different shaped
surfaces. 3 interchangeable heater elements are
provided. A fan can be switched on for experiments on
forced convection. The temperature and air velocity
are measured using sensors. The measured values
can be read on digital displays. The measured data
can be transferred directly from the display and control
unit to a PC. A data acquisition card and software are
included.
List of Experiments
- Demonstration of the basic principles of free and
forced convection
- Demonstration of heat transfer at a flat plate
- Demonstration of heat transfer at a pipe bundle
- Demonstration of heat transfer at fins
- Measurement of relevant temperatures and the flow
velocity
- Determination of the coefficients of heat transfer
- Comparison between free and forced convection
- Temperature distribution in the heat exchanger
- Determination of the Reynolds and Nusselt
numbers
* Clearly laid out benchtop unit for the experimental

determination of heat transfer
* Measured data acquisition using electronic sensors
* Processing of measured data on a PC
* Heat transfer surfaces that can be changed
* Comprehensive description of the experiments
Page 2/2
07/2005
WL 352 Free and Forced Convection Unit / PC
Specification
[1] Test unit for demonstrating the transfer of heat by
convection
[2] Benchtop unit, lxwxh: 700x350x1200mm, 25kg
[3] Recording of measured data using electronic
sensors
[4] Processing of measured data on a PC
[5] Length of air duct 1m, flow cross-section
120x120mm, Vmax 170m³/h, with axial fan
[6] LabView software under Windows NT/2000/XP
[7] 230V, 50Hz, 1 phase or 120V, 60Hz, 1 ph.
Technical Data
Heating elements: temperature limiting using bimetallic
strip at 120°C, max. heater power: 170W
Flat plate surface area: 0.014m²
Pipe bundle surface area: 0.098m²
Surface area of fins: 0.14m²
Flow sensor measuring ranges:
- Temperature of the studied medium: -20...85°C
- Ambient temperature: 0...60°C
- Velocity: 0...10m/s
Measuring ranges: PTC sensor: -40...150°C,
thermocouple type K: 0...1000°C
1 benchtop unit with holder, 2 air duct, 3 flow sensor, 4 PTC sensor, 5 "pipe bundle" l x w x h : 700 x 350 x 1200 mm
heating element, 6 measuring glands for thermocouple, 7 PTC sensor, 8 fan, Weight : approx. 25 kg
9 "finned" heating element, 10 "flat plate" heating element, 11 thermocouple type K,
12 display and control unit Connections
230V, 50Hz, 1 phase or 120V, 60Hz, 1 phase
Scope of Delivery
1 experimental set-up, complete, 3 heating elements,
1 display and control unit, 1 data acquisition card with
software, 1 instruction manual
Order details
060.35200 WL 352 Free and Forced Convection
Unit / PC
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10/2004
WL 360 THERMAL RADIATION UNIT
• Unit for investigating thermal and visible Technical description

radiation The benchtop unit contains a blackbody emitter with a thermo-
• Wide range of experiments pile for the investigation of thermal radiation, a light source with
luxmeter for illuminance measurements, and absorption plates
• Comprehensive description of the experiments
with thermocouples for the investigation of Kirchhoff’s laws.
including theoretical principles Colour filters and apertures extend the range of experiments.
The measured values are displayed digitally on the measuring
unit.
Experiments
• Lambert's cosine law
• Inverse-square distance law
• Stefan-Boltzmann constant
• Investigations on the wavelength of light
• Kirchhoff's laws:
- Absorptivity
- Reflectivity
- Emissivity
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10/2004
WL 360 THERMAL RADIATION UNIT

Specification
[1] Experimental set-up for investigating thermal
and visible radiation
[2] lxwxh 1460x310x384mm, 20kg
[3] Thermal radiator 400W,black
[4] Visible radiator 40W, radiates white light, can
be rotated
[5] 3 colour filters with holder (red, green, infrared)
[6] Aperture
[7] Absorption and reflection plate
[8] Luxmeter as illuminance sensor
[9] Thermocouples 0...200°C
[10] Thermopile 0...400W/m²
[11] 230V, 50/60Hz, 1 ph. or 120V, 60Hz, 1 ph.
Technical data
Thermal radiator, power: 400W, max. tempera-
ture that can be reached: 150°C, radiation sur-
face area: 0.0320m²
Visible radiator, power of light bulb: 40W, angle
of rotation, both sides: 0...90°, illuminated area:
0.0289m²
Measuring ranges
- illuminance meter: 0...20000Lux
- thermocouples: 0...200°C
1 support, 2 measuring amplifier, 3 absorption plate with temperature measuring point, 4 colour - thermopile: 0...400W/m²
filters (red, green, infrared), 5 aperture, 6 rotating light source, 7 holder for colour filter /aperture,
8 holder for absorption plate, 9 luxmeter, 10 thermopile, 11 thermal radiator

l x w x h : 1460 x 310 x 384 mm
Connections
230V, 50/60Hz, 1 ph. or 120V, 60Hz, 1 ph.
Scope of delivery
1 experimental set-up, 1 thermal radiator, 1 light
source, 1 luxmeter, 1 thermopile, 1 aperture,
1 absorption plate, 3 colour filters with holder,
1 reflection plate, 1 set of connecting cables,
Order details
060.36000 WL 360 Thermal Radiation Unit
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10/2004
WL 362 THERMAL RADIATION UNIT / PC
• Unit for investigating thermal and optical Technical description

radiation The benchtop unit contains a blackbody emitter with a thermo-
• Processing of measured data on a PC pile for the investigation of thermal radiation, a light source with
luxmeter for illuminance measurements, and absorption plates
• Wide range of experiments
with thermocouples for the investigation of Kirchhoff’s laws.
• User-friendly software with options for saving, Colour filters and apertures extend the range of experiments.
printing and creating diagrams The measured values are displayed digitally on the measuring
unit. At the same time, the measured data can be transferred to
a PC for further processing. A data acquisition card and software
are included.
Experiments
• Lambert's cosine law
• Inverse-square distance law
• Stefan-Boltzmann constant
• Investigations on the wavelength of light
• Checking Kirchhoff's laws:
- Absorptivity
- Reflectivity
- Emissivity
Page 2/2
10/2004
WL 362 THERMAL RADIATION UNIT / PC

Specification
and visible radiation
[2] lxwxh 1460x310x384mm, 20kg
[3] Processing of measured data on a PC
[4] Thermal radiator 400W, black
[5] Visible radiator 40W, white light, can be rotated
[6] 3 colour filters with holder (red, green, infrared)
[7] Aperture, absorption plate, reflection plate
[8] Luxmeter as illuminance sensor
[9] Thermocouples 0...200°C
[10] Thermopile 0...400W/m²
[11] LabView software under Windows
NT/2000/XP
[12] 230V, 50/60Hz, 1 ph. or 120V, 60Hz, 1 ph.
Technical data
Thermal radiator, power output: 400W, max. tem-
perature that can be reached: 150°C, radiation surface
area: 0.0320m²
Visible radiator, power output of light bulb: 40W,
angle of rotation, both sides: 0...90°, illuminated area:
0.0289m²
Measuring ranges:
- illuminance meter: 0...20000Lux
- thermocouples: 0...200°C
- thermopile: 0...400W/m²
1 support, 2 measuring amplifier, 3 absorption plate with temperature measuring point, 4 colour System requirements: PC with Pentium III 600MHz,
filters (red, green, infrared), 5 aperture, 6 rotating light source, 7 holder for colour filter/aperture, 1 PCI slot, free, 100MB free hard disc space, graphics
8 holder for absorption plate, 9 luxmeter, 10 thermopile, 11 thermal radiator
card resolution (1024x768 pixel, true color)

l x w x h : 1460 x 310 x 384 mm
Connections
230V, 50/60Hz, 1 ph. or 120V, 60Hz, 1 ph.
Scope of delivery
1 experimental test set-up, 1 thermal radiator,
1 light source, 1 luxmeter, 1 thermopile,
1 aperture, 1 absorption plate, 3 colour filters
with holder, 1 reflection plate, 1 data acquisition
card with software, 1 set of connecting cables,
Order details
060.36200 WL 362 Thermal Radiation
Unit/PC
Page 1/2
12/2005
WL 370 Heat Conduction Unit
* Demonstration of thermal conductivity in solid Learning objectives / Experiments

materials Linear conduction (flat wall):
* Linear and radial thermal conductivity - Determination of temperature curves with different
* Portable benchtop unit materials
* Comprehensive experiment instructions including - Determination of the temperature curve with a
theoretical background disturbance
- Determination of thermal conductivity
Technical Description Radial conduction:

The benchtop unit comprises 2 heater and cooler combinations that - Determination of the temperature curve
provide the necessary temperature difference. The linear thermal - Determination of thermal conductivity
conduction experiment allows the thermal properties of different samples
to be investigated. Each experimental set-up is equipped with up to nine
temperature measuring points. The temperatures are displayed on the
control unit. The heater power is also adjusted and displayed here.
A supply of cooling water is required.
Page 2/2
12/2005
WL 370 Heat Conduction Unit
Specification
conduction in solid materials
[2] Benchtop unit, consisting of experimental unit and
display and control unit
[3] Linear conduction: 3 inserts, 9 measuring points,
heating and cooling element
[4] Radial conduction: 6 measuring points, heater at
centre, cooling coil at outer diameter of the disc
[5] Cooling with tap water
[6] Electric heaters
[7] Sensors to measure temperatures and heater
power
[8] 230V, 50Hz, 1 phase
Technical Data
Linear conduction:
- 3 inserts, insulated: D25x30mm, steel and brass,
D15x30mm, brass
- 9 temperature measuring points
- heater: 140W
Radial conduction:
- disc diameter: 100mm
- heater: 125W
1 display and control unit (front view), 2 exp. unit (plan view), 3 set-up for linear - cooling coil at outer diameter of disc
thermal conduction, 4 cooling water connections, 5 set-up for radial conduction,
6 measured data connection for radial conduction, 7 power supply radial conduction,
Temperature sensors: -40...150°C
8 measured data connection for linear thermal conduction, 9 power supply linear Power meter: 0...600W
thermal conduction

l x w x h : 350 x 350 x 200 mm (base unit)
l x w x h : 460 x 345 x 195 mm (measuring unit)
Connections
230V, 50Hz, 1 phase
Cooling water connection
Scope of Delivery
1 experimental apparatus, 1 display and control unit, 1
set of inserts, 1 instruction manual
Order details
060.37000 WL 370 Heat Conduction Unit
Page 1/2
12/2005
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit / PC
* Demonstration of heat conductivity in solid materials Learning objectives / Experiments

* Linear and radial heat conductivity Linear conduction (flat wall):
* Processing measured data in a PC - Determination of temperature curves with different
* Portable benchtop unit materials
* Complete experiment instructions - Determination of the temperature curve during a
malfunction
- Determination of thermal conductivity
The benchtop unit comprises 2 heater and cooler combinations that Radial conduction:
provide the necessary temperature difference. The linear thermal - Determination of the temperature curve
conduction experiment allows the thermal properties of different samples - Determination of thermal conductivity
to be investigated. Each experimental set-up is equipped with up to nine
temperature measuring points. The temperatures are displayed on the
control unit. The heater power is also adjusted and displayed here. The
measured data can be transferred to a PC for further processing (PC not
included). A data acquisition card and software are included in the scope
of supply.
Page 2/2
12/2005
WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit / PC
Specification
[1] Experimental set-up for investigating heat
conduction in solid objects
[2] Benchtop unit, consisting of experimental unit and
display and control unit
[3] Linear conduction: 3 inserts, 9 measuring points,
heating and cooling element
[4] Radial conduction: 6 measuring points, heater at
centre, cooling coil at outer diameter of the disc
[5] Processing measured data in a PC, LabView
software under Windows NT/2000/XP
[6] Cooling with tap water
[7] Electric heaters
[8] 230V, 50Hz, 1 phase
Technical Data
Linear conduction:
- 3 inserts, insulated: D25x30mm, steel and
brass, D15x30mm, brass
- heater: 140W
Radial conduction:
- disc diameter: 100mm
- heater: 125W
1 display and control unit (front view), 2 experimental unit (top view), 3 set-up for - cooling coil at outer diameter of disc
linear heat conduction, 4 cooling water connections, 5 set-up for radial heat
conduction, 6 measured data connection for radial heat conduction, 7 power supply
Temperature sensors: -40...150°C
for radial heat conduction, 8 data connection for linear heat conduction, 9 power Power meter: 0...600W
supply connection for linear heat conduction

l x w x h : 350 x 350 x 200 mm (base unit)
Connections
230V, ~50Hz
Scope of Delivery
1 experimental set-up, 1 display and control unit, 1 set
of inserts, 1 data-acquisition card with software, 1
experiment instructions
Order details
060.37200 WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit / PC
Page 1/2
06/2005
WL 373 HEAT CONDUCTION IN GASES AND LIQUIDS
• Simple experimental set-up to investigate the Technical description

thermal conduction of liquids and gasses This benchtop unit enables experiments to be performed on
steady-state thermal conduction in liquid and gaseous materials.
It comprises a cylindrical heat exchanger with a heated inner
cylinder made of aluminium and a water-cooled jacket. The
medium for the experiment is fed through a gap. The gap be-
tween the two elements was selected so that the transfer of heat
due to convection can be ignored. Due to the low temperatures
and the polished surfaces, the radiation portion of the heat
transfer is also negligible. Thermocouples measure the tem-
perature difference.
Experiments
• Steady-state heat conduction in gases and liquids
• Determination coefficients of thermal conductivity (e.g. wa-
ter, oil, air, O2, CO2, steam)
Page 2/2
06/2005
WL 373 HEAT CONDUCTION IN GASES AND LIQUIDS

Specification
[1]Experimental set-up to study the thermal
conduction of gases and liquids
[2]Experiments in annular gap formed by
2 concentric cylinders
[3]Experimental media water, oil, air
[4]Radiation portion of heat transfer negligible
due to low temperatures and polished surfaces
[5]Adjustable electric heater
[6]Manual valves for flow control (cooling wa-
ter, medium to be investigated)
[7]Measurement and control unit with digital
displays for temperature difference and heater
power
[8]230V, 50/60Hz, 1ph. or 120V, 50/60Hz, 1ph.
Technical data
Heat exchanger:
- effective heat transfer area: 0.15m²
- mean effective diameter: 39.6mm
- gap width: 0.4mm
Heater, max. power consumption 160W, switch-

off at 95°C
2x thermocouple type K
Measuring ranges:
1 cable fitting, 2 cooling water connection, 3 heating element (aluminium), 4 heating element, - temperature: 0...100°C
5 experimental medium outlet, 6 knurled bolt, 7 seal, 8 cooling jacket, 9 gap, 10 thermocouple,
11 experimental medium inlet
– power: 0...600W

l x w x h : 250 x 400 x 150 mm (basic unit)
Connections
230V, ~50Hz
Cooling water connection
Scope of delivery
1 basic unit, 1 measuring amplifier, 1 instruction
manual
Order details
060.37300 WL 373 Heat Conduction in
Gases and Liquids
Page 1/2
01/2006
WL 374 Heat Conduction in Solids

The fundamental laws of steady-state thermal
conduction in solid bodies can be investigated with this
benchtop unit. The specimens are arranged between
an electrical heater and a water-cooled plate. A Dewar
vessel prevents the exchange of heat with the
surrounding environment. The specimens are
equipped with several temperature measuring points.
The heat transfer rate is determined via the current
and voltage of the heater.
Learning objectives / Experiments

- Determination of the thermal conductivity of various
specimens.
- Temperature curves as a function of length
- Heat transfer through different specimens
connected in series
* Compact design
* Measurement of up to 4 temperatures
* Usage of several measurement specimens in series
* Variable heater power
Page 2/2
01/2006
WL 374 Heat Conduction in Solids
Specification
[1] Unit to study linear conduction in metals
[2] Specimens placed between electric heater and
water-cooled plate
[3] 6 specimens (2x copper, aluminium, St37 and 2x
stainless steel)
[4] Heater power 365W, adjustable
[5] Raised tank for constant water pressure
[6] 2 thermometers for water temperature
[7] 4 thermocouples type K, display with selector
switch
[8] Voltmeter, ammeter
[9] l x w x h 350x540x775mm, 30kg
[10] 230V, 50Hz, 1 phase
Technical Data
Heater: 365W
Specimens:
- copper, D x l: 40x65mm and 40x30mm
- aluminium, D x l: 40x65mm
- St37: D x l: 40x30mm
- stainless steel: D x l: 40x65mm and 40x30mm
Dewar vessel: 2.1ltr
Raised tank: water pressure: 356mmWC
1 raised tank for constant water pressure, 2 sockets for thermocouples, 3 selector
switch for measuring points, 4 Dewar vessel, 5 specimens, 6 cooling plate, Dimensions and weight
7 adjustment transformer, 8 heater l x w x h : 350 x 540 x 775 mm
Connections
230V, 50Hz, 1 phase
Water supply
Scope of Delivery
1 complete unit
1 measuring tank
1 stopwatch
6 specimens
2 thermometers
1 instruction
manual
Order details
060.37400 WL 374 Heat Conduction in Solids
Page 1/2
10/2004
WL 375 ADVANCED CONDUCTION UNIT
• Linear heat conduction in metal specimens Technical description

• PC data acquisition In this benchtop unit, a metal test bar is clamped between a
• Simple and clear layout of the system heater and a Peltier element as the cooler. The complete ar-
rangement is under an evacuated bell jar. In this way errors due
• Experiments are visible under a glass cover
to convection can be ignored and all the heat must flow through
the test bar. The thermal conductivity can be calculated from the
temperature difference between the hot and cold end and the
heater power. The housing contains the vacuum pump and the
digital displays.
Experiments
• Determination of thermal conductivity for various materials
• Thermal energy balance of heat source and heat sink
Page 2/2
10/2004
WL 375 ADVANCED CONDUCTION UNIT

Specification
[1]Unit to study linear thermal conduction in
metal specimens under vacuum
[2]Galss bell, diaphragm pump and manometer
to generate a vacuum
[3]Heater 1.5W
[4]Peltier element as cooler
[5]Specimens made of stainless steel, brass,
aluminium, copper
[6]PC data acquisition with LabView software
[7]Digital displays for temperatures, current,
voltage
[8]230V, 50/60Hz, 1 ph. or 120V, 60Hz, 1 ph.
[9]lxwxh: 600x490x580mm, 27kg
Technical data
Diaphragm pump, 90W: vacuum max. 10mbar
abs., pmax: 3bar, Qmax: 6ltr/min
Heater: 1.5W
Peltier element 8.5W, temp. difference: 70K
Manometer -1...0bar
Specimens: Ø5x128mm, 80mm measured
length, material: stainless steel, brass, alumin-
ium, copper
System requirements: PC with Pentium III
1 voltage/current heater, 2 voltage/current cooler, 3 Peltier element, 4 heater, 5 glass bell, 600MHz, 1 PCI slot, 100MB free hard disc
6 thermal sensors, 7 temperature displays, 8 vacuum manometer, 9 specimen
space, graphics card resolution 1024x768 pixel,
true color
l x w x h : 600 x 490 x 580 mm
Connections
230V, 50/60Hz, 1 ph. or 120V, 60Hz, 1 ph.
Scope of delivery
1 complete unit, 1 data acquisition card with
software, 4 specimens, 1 tube with heat-
conductive paste, 1 instruction manual
Order details
060.37500 WL 375 Advanced Conduction
Unit
Page 1/2
07/2005
WL 376 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF BUILDING MATERIALS

This benchtop unit enables experiments to be
performed on steady-state heat conduction in
non-metallic materials such as polystyrene,
PMMA, cork or plaster in accordance with
DIN 52612. Specimen sheets are placed between
a heater plate and a water-cooled plate. A
clamping device ensures that the clamping pres-
sure and thermal contact are reproducible. A
special sensor measures the heat transfer rate.
The unit is controlled via the supplied software
and a PC (not included). Software controllers are
used for temperature setting of the hot and the
cold plate. The measured values are displayed
and evaluated in the software.
• Heat conduction in non-metallic materials Experiments

• Material thickness or combinations up to a thickness of • Determination of the thermal conductivity of
50mm can be used different materials
• Data acquisition software • Determination of the thermal resistance
• Thermal conductivity of several specimens
connected in series (up to a thickness of
50mm)
Page 2/2
07/2005

Specification
[1]Unit to determine the heat conductivity of
building materials
[2]Thermal conductivity and thermal resistance
measurement in accordance with DIN 52612
[3]Reproducible clamping pressure due to
clamping device
[4]8 specimens: Armaflex, grey cardboard,
PMMA, polystyrene, PS, POM, cork, plaster
[5]Sensors to measure heat transfer rate (sen-
sor fitted to cold plate), and temperatures at
cooling water inlet / outlet, hot and cold plate
surfaces
[6]PC data acquisition, LabView software under
Windows NT/2000/XP
[7]Software controller for temperature setting of
hot and cold plate
1 chamber for specimens, 2 cold plate, 3 cooler, 4 main switch and heater switch, 5 control [8]230V, 50 Hz, 1 phase
lamps, 6 hot plate, 7 pressing spindle
[9]Cold water supply for water-cooled cooler
Technical data
Electric heater mat: 500W, max. temperature:
200°C
Specimens: 300x300mm, thickness up to max
50mm
Heat transfer rate sensor plate: measuring
ranges: 20...500W/m², -20...85°C
Temperature sensors: 0...100°C and 0...200°C

600MHz, 1 PCI slot, 100MB free hard disc
true color
Experimental unit lxwxh : 710 x 430 x 280 mm
Control unit lxwxh : 710 x 430 x 180 mm
Weight (total) : approx. 50kg
Connections
230V, 50Hz, 1 phase
Cooling water supply
Scope of delivery
1 experimental unit, 1 control unit, 1 set of
specimens, 8 piece, 1 data acquisition card with
Order details
060.37600 WL 376 Thermal Conductivity of
Building Materials
Page 1/2
06/2005
• Heat conduction in non-metallic materials

• Material thickness or combinations up to a
thickness of 50mm can be used
• Data acquisition software
This benchtop unit enables experiments to be performed on
steady-state heat conduction in non-metallic materials such as
polystyrene, PMMA, cork or plaster in accordance with
DIN 52612. Specimen sheets are placed between a heater plate
and a water-cooled plate. A clamping device ensures that the Experiments
clamping pressure and thermal contact are reproducible. A • Determination of the thermal conductivity of different
special sensor measures the heat transfer rate. The unit is con- materials
trolled via the supplied software and a PC (not included). Soft- • Determination of the thermal resistance
ware controllers are used for temperature setting of the hot and • Thermal conductivity of several specimens connected in
the cold plate. The measured values are displayed and evaluated series (up to a thickness of 50mm)
in the software.
Page 2/2
06/2005

Specification
[1]Unit to determine the heat conductivity of
building materials
[2]Thermal conductivity and thermal resistance
measurement in accordance with DIN 52612
[3]Reproducible clamping pressure due to
clamping device
[4]8 specimens: Armaflex, grey cardboard,
PMMA, polystyrene, PS, POM, cork, plaster
[5]Sensors to measure heat transfer rate (sen-
sor fitted to cold plate), and temperatures at
cooling water inlet / outlet, hot and cold plate
surfaces
[6]PC data acquisition, LabView software under
Windows NT/2000/XP
[7]Software controller for temperature setting of
hot and cold plate
1 chamber for specimens, 2 cold plate, 3 cooler, 4 main switch and heater switch, 5 control [8]230V, 50 Hz, 1 phase
lamps, 6 hot plate, 7 pressing spindle
[9]Cold water supply for water-cooled cooler
Technical data
Electric heater mat: 500W, max. temperature:
200°C
Specimens: 300x300mm, thickness up to max
50mm
Heat transfer rate sensor plate: measuring
ranges: 20...500W/m², -20...85°C
Temperature sensors: 0...100°C and 0...200°C

600MHz, 1 PCI slot, 100MB free hard disc
true color
Experimental unit lxwxh : 710 x 430 x 280 mm
Control unti lxwxh : 710 x 430 x 180 mm
Weight (total) : approx. 50kg
Connections
230V, 50Hz, 1 phase
Cooling water supply
Scope of delivery
1 experimental unit, 1 control unit, 1 set of
specimens, 8 piece, 1 data acquisition card with
Order details
060.37600 WL 376 Thermal Conductivity of
Building Materials
Page 1/2
10/2004
WL 377 NATURAL CONVECTION AND RADIATION APPARATUS

This unit enables a broad range of experiments
to be performed on the transfer of heat in gases.
At raised pressures the energy is primarily
transported by convection, while at low pres-
sures the energy is transferred by radiation. An
electrically heated metal cylinder is fitted inside a
pressure vessel that can be evacuated. Low
pressures down to 1 Pa absolute are generated
using the vacuum pump fitted. Gauge pressures
up to 1 bar can be obtained by using an external
compressed air connection. It is also possible to
investigate heat transfer in other gases, e.g.
nitrogen, helium or carbon dioxide. The heater
power is adjustable and is measured via the
voltage and current. The surface temperatures of
the heating element and the vessel wall are dis-
played. The pressure measurement is made
using a piezoelectric pressure sensor. At very
low pressures a Pirani manometer is used.
Experiments
• Heat transfer by convection at atmos-
pheric pressure
• Heat transfer by convection at raised pres-
sures (pabove atm. max. 1bar)
• Heat transfer by radiation at low pressures
(vacuum)
• Heat transfer by radiation and convection at
intermediate pressure
• Heat transfer by convection and radiation in gases

• 2 pressure measurement ranges for higher resolution
• Variable adjustment of the heater power
• Heat transport in gases at different pressures
Page 2/2
10/2004
WL 377 NATURAL CONVECTION AND RADIATION APPARATUS

Specification
[1]Apparatus on heat transfer by convection and
radiation in gases
[2]Adjustable heater
[3]Vacuum pump 370W, nominal suction ca-
pacity 5m³/h
[4]Thermocouples type K
[5]Pressure measurement using Pirani ma-
nometer
[6]Pressure measured by pressure transmitter
[7]Digital displays for temperature, pressure,
voltage, and current
[8]Operation with different gases possible
[9]lxwxh 1100x650x1400mm, 70kg
[10] 230V, 50/60Hz, 1 ph. or 120V, 60Hz, 1 ph.
Technical data
Heater: 10W
Radiation surfaces: heater sleeve: 55cm², vac-
uum vessel, inner sleeve: 0,2m²
Vacuum pump: 370W, nominal suction capac-
ity: 5m³/h
Pressure range: 10-5...2bar absolute
Measuring ranges:
- pressure below atmospheric: 5x10-4...1bar
- pressure: -1...1.5bar rel.
1 vacuum chamber, 2 chambers realative pressure display, 3 voltage display, 4 heater temperature
display, 5 chamber temperature display, 6 current display, 7 chambers absolute pressure display

l x w h : 1100 x 650 x 1400 mm
Connections
230V, 50/60Hz, 1 ph. or 120V, 60Hz, 1 ph.
Compressed air: 1.5bar
Scope of delivery
1 apparatus, 1 instruction manual
Order details
060.37700 WL 377 Natural Convection and
Radiation Apparatus
Page 1/2
10/2004
WL 900 HEAT CONDUCTION TRAINER

This unit is used to investigate steady-state and
non-steady-state heat conduction processes. An
interchangeable cylindrical specimen is fitted
between a heat source and a heat sink. The
specimen is prefitted with twelve thermocouples
distributed along its length. A weighted lever
ensures that there is a defined thermal contact.
The electrical heat source is controlled electroni-
cally. The heat sink is water-cooled. The tem-
peratures of the heat source, cooling water and
specimen are indicated. There are also displays
for heater power and cooling water flow rate.
The thermal conductivity can be calculated using
the measured data. In addition, it is possible to
transfer the measured data to a computer via a
serial interface and display the data on the com-
puter. The software is included. A temperature
step can be generated by adjusting the flow of
cooling water. With the aid of the PC the non-
steady-state temperature distribution in the
specimen can be displayed against position and
time. A supply of cooling water is required.
Experiments
• Steady-state heat conduction
• Non-steady-state heat conduction
• Temperature-time curves
• Determination of the thermal conductivity
• Thermal conductivities of different metals
(steel, copper, aluminium, brass)
• Temperature step capability

• 12 temperature measuring points
• PC data acquisition
• Heat source with temperature control
Page 2/2
10/2004
WL 900 HEAT CONDUCTION TRAINER

Specification
[1]Trainer to determinate the steady state and
non-steady state thermal conductivities
[2]lxwxh: 1000x700x1745mm, 96kg
[3]Water-filled heat source and heat sink
[4]Raised tank with overflow to generate a con-
stant initial pressure, 6ltr
[5]Temperature and flow rate measurement for
cooling water
[6]Electric heater with PID controller
[7]Digital displays: heater power, temperatures
[8]Weight-loaded lever arm
[9]PC data acquisition with LabView software
[10] 230V, 50Hz, 1 ph. or 120V, 60Hz, 1 ph.
Technical data
Heater: 800W, 20...80°C
Specimen: Cu, Al, brass: Ø40x450mm, St37
Ø40x300mm, VA Ø40x300mm
Weights: 3x1kg
Effective lever arm: 300mm
Heating and cooling tanks: 5ltr each
Flow meter: 15...230cm³/min
14 thermocouples: 12 along the specimen, 2 in
cooling water circuit
1 contact pressure weights, 2 heat source, heater, 3 specimen, 4 water-cooled heat sink, 5 raised System requirements: PC with Pentium III
tank for constant initial pressure, 6 switch cabinet with displays, 7 flow meter for cooling water,
8 drain tank
600MHz, PCI-slot, 100MB free space on hard
disc, graphics card: 1024x768pixel, true color
l x w x h : 1000 x 700 x 1745 mm
Connections
230V, 50Hz, 1 ph. or 120V, 60Hz, 1 ph.
Cold water supply 3bar, 150ltr/h
Scope of delivery
1 trainer, 1 set of weights, 5 specimens, 1 data
acquisition card with software, 1 instruction
manual
Order details
060.90000 WL 900 Heat Conduction Trainer
Page 1/2
10/2004
WL 920 ADVANCED TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT UNIT

A wide range of temperature measurements can
be performed and compared using this unit. The
thermometers and temperature sensors to be
investigated are heated to the same temperature
in a tank of water. A second heated tank with an
electronic control system provides water tem-
peratures up to 80°C. The transient response of
the sensors can be examined by quickly im-
mersing them in the second tank. Digital instru-
ments for measuring temperature, voltage and
resistance enable the characteristic curves to be
drawn. A 3-channel chart recorder can be used
to continuously record the measured values
from the electrical temperature sensors (ther-
mocouple, thermistor, RTD) and thus to docu-
ment the different responses. The mobile unit
can be used for student experiments and is also
suitable for demonstrations.
The unit requires a supply of water.
Experiments
• Temperature measurements with electronic
sensors, a psychrometer, a bimetallic and a
gasthermometer as well as a mercury ther-
mometer
• Overview of the variety of temperature
measurement
• Knowledge on the function of the individual
temperature measuring instruments
• Response characteristic of sensors
• Comparison of various methods of temperature • Steady-state and non-steady-state behaviour
• Reproducible experiments
measurement
• Non-steady-state behaviour
• Defined temperature steps possible
Page 2/2
10/2004
WL 920 ADVANCED TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT UNIT

Specification
[1]Steady-state and non-steady-state tempera-
ture measurement with 7 typical instruments
[2]Defined temperature steps up to 80°C
[3]lxwxh 1200x700x1550mm, 120kg
[4]Experimental tank and heating tank fitted with
a stirrer
[5]Fan mounted above experimental tank
[6]Thermometers: mercury, bimetallic and gas;
psychrometer
[7]Temperature sensors: RTD (PT100), thermo-
couple type K, thermistor (NTC)
[8]Calibration device: digital voltmeter
[9]3 channel chart recorder
[10] 230V, ~50Hz
Technical data
Heater heating tank: tubular heater 2kW, tem-
perature limit: approx. 80°C
Stirrer: 330rpm
Fan, motor 5W, 1300rpm, axial impeller
Measurement ranges:
- Hg-thermometer: 0...100°C
- Thermometer (organic liquid): 0...100°C
- Bimetallic thermometer: 0...100°C
- Psychrometer: 0...60°C
1 experimental tank, 2 level sensor, 3 fan, 4 RTD (PT100), 5 bimetallic thermometer, - Sensors: thermocouple: -40...1200°C, thermi-
6 thermocouple, 7 3 channel chart recorder, 8 psychrometer, 9 heating tank
stor (NTC): 20...55°C, PT100: -50...400°C
Recorder: paper speed: 0...7200mm/h
l x w x h : 1200 x 700 x 1550 mm
Connections
230V, ~50Hz
Cold water connection
Scope of delivery
1 unit including recorder and measurement
devices, 1 instruction manual
Order details
060.92000 WL 920 Advanced Temperature
Measurement Unit

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g3 Thermodynamics Experiments

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WL 100 BOYLE'S LAW DEMONSTRATION

• Unit for demonstrating Boyle's law Specification

WL 102 BOYLE'S LAW DEMONSTRATION / PC

• Demonstration of Boyle's law Specification

WL 200 DEW POINT HYGROMETER

• Simple laboratory experiment for determining atmospheric Specification

Experiments Dimensions and weight

WL 202 Fundamentals of Temperature Measurement

WL 202 Fundamentals of Temperature Measurement

Dimensions and Weight

WL 203 METHODS OF PRESSURE MEASUREMENT

• Comparison of different types of pressure measurement Specification

Experiments Dimensions and weight

WL 204 Marcet Boiler

* Recording the vapour pressure curve for water

WL 204 Marcet Boiler

WL 210 Flow Boiling Demonstration

Learning Objectives / Experiments

Observation of typical forms of evaporation such as:

* Demonstration of evaporation in heated pipes1

WL 210 Flow Boiling Demonstration

Dimensions and Weight

WL 220 Boiling Heat Transfer Unit

* Benchtop unit to demonstrate the evaporation in a Learning Objectives / Experiments

WL 220 Boiling Heat Transfer Unit

Dimensions and Weight

WL 230 CONDENSATION UNIT

• Clearly laid out benchtop unit for demonstrating Experiments

WL 230 CONDENSATION UNIT

WL 350 FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION UNIT

WL 350 FREE AND FORCED CONVECTION UNIT

WL 352 Free and Forced Convection Unit / PC

* Clearly laid out benchtop unit for the experimental

WL 352 Free and Forced Convection Unit / PC

WL 360 THERMAL RADIATION UNIT

• Unit for investigating thermal and visible Technical description

WL 360 THERMAL RADIATION UNIT

Dimensions and weight

WL 362 THERMAL RADIATION UNIT / PC

• Unit for investigating thermal and optical Technical description

WL 362 THERMAL RADIATION UNIT / PC

Dimensions and weight

WL 370 Heat Conduction Unit

* Demonstration of thermal conductivity in solid Learning objectives / Experiments

Technical Description Radial conduction:

WL 370 Heat Conduction Unit

Dimensions and weight

WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit / PC

* Demonstration of heat conductivity in solid materials Learning objectives / Experiments

WL 372 Heat Conduction Unit / PC

Dimensions and weight

WL 373 HEAT CONDUCTION IN GASES AND LIQUIDS

• Simple experimental set-up to investigate the Technical description

WL 373 HEAT CONDUCTION IN GASES AND LIQUIDS

Heater, max. power consumption 160W, switch-

Dimensions and weight

WL 374 Heat Conduction in Solids

Learning objectives / Experiments

WL 374 Heat Conduction in Solids

WL 375 ADVANCED CONDUCTION UNIT

• Linear heat conduction in metal specimens Technical description