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blfyS Vgnw /eZ ftu Mapkb;kX dks Nwrk g,] mu Mapkb;kX dks b¬yke] Blkb;r] ;gwnh /eZ ugC Nw ikrs4 Sd dne ihNs
jg tkrs4 Blkb;r ;k b¬yke ijek®ek ds pj<kX rd rks ykrs gT4 ysfdu vkf[jh Nykax dh fgéer ugC gks ikrh4
vkf[jh Nykax dh fgéer g,] ijek®ek gks tkuk4 mlls de eX jkth er gksuk4 mlls de eX jkth jgksxs] nq[h jgksxs4
ijek®ek ds pj<kX eX jgksxs] ysfdu udZ eX jgksxs4 D;kXfd lhek cuh jgsxh4 tc rd rqe ijek®ek gh u gks tkvksxs rc
iz;kstu gT4 ysfdu ckr rks mlus Hh id\L yh4 nwljk udZ g,4 nwljs dh ek,twnxh udZ g,4
rks D;k djX` D;k vdsys eX Hkx tkSa` Sdkar eX gks tkS] tgka nwljk u gks` u i®uh gks] u ifr gks] u csIk gks4 cgqrkX
us ;g iz;ksx fd;k g,4 Hkxs gT fgeky; dh danjkvkX eX rkfd vdsys gks tkS4 D;kXfd nwljk udZ g,4 ysfdu rqe Hkx
dj Hh vdsys u gks ikvksxs4 D;kXfd rqégkjk eT rks rqégkjs lkF gh pyk tkSxk4 rw ;gka Nks\L tkvksxs] eT rks lkF pyk
tkSxk4 vk,j ÷;ku j[ks] tgka eT gwa] ogka rw g,4 og flDdk bdØk g,4 rqe vk/k7vk/k Nks\L ugC ldrs4 vxj eT
rqégkjs lkF x;k rks rw rqégkjs lkF x;k4 t¥nh gh rqe vius dks gh nks fg¬lkX eX ckaI dj ppkZ djus yxksxs4
vdsys eX yksx vius ls gh ckr djus yxrs gT4 eT vk,j rw nksukX gks xS4 vdsys eX yksx rk' [syus yxrs gT4 [qn gh
nksukX rjG ls ckth fcNk nsrs gT4 ml rjG ls Hh pyrs gT] bl rjG ls Hh pyrs gT4 bruk gh ugC] ml rjG ls Hh
/ks[k nsrs gT] bl rjG ls Hh /ks[k nsrs gT4 fdldks /ks[k ns jgs gks`
vdsys eX yksx d¥iuk dh ew√r;kX eX thus yxrs gT4 muls ppkZ djrs gT] ckr djrs gT] rw ek,twn gks tkrk g,4
Hh\L rqégkjs gkF gh vk tkSxh vxj eT rqégkjs lkF x;k4 D;kXfd eT rks dX– g, lkjh Hh\L dk4 Hh\L rks ifjf/ g,4 rqe
tgka ikvksxs] rqe Hh\L eX jgksxs4 rqe vdsys ugC gks ldrs4 fgeky; dk Sdkar 'wü; u cusxk4 vdsykiu jgsxk gh4
vk,j vdsykiu vk,j Sdkar eX c\Lk GdZ g,4 vdsysiu dk vFZ g,] yksuyhusl vk,j Sdkar dk vFZ g, vyksuusl4
vdsysiu dk vFZ g,] fd nwljs dh pkg ek,twn g,4 blfyS rks rqe vdsykiu vuqHo dj jgs gks fd eT vdsyk~~~eT
vdsyk4 nwljs dh pkg ek,twn g,4 nwljs dh okluk ek,twn g,4 rqe pkgrs gks dksB vk tkS4
rqe viuh fgeky; dh xqGk ds ckgj c,Odj Hh jk¬rs ij utj yxkS j[ksxs fd 'k;n dksB ;k_h ekuljksoj tkrk
xqtj tkS4 'k;n dksB euq‘; Fks\Lh [cj ys vkS uhps ds e,nkukX dh] fd D;k gqvk` t;izdk' ukjk;< dh iw<Z ∂kafr
gks ikB fd ugC` 'k;n dksB v[ckj dk Sd Iqd\Lk gh ys vkS vk,j rqe osn opukX dh rjG v[ckj dks i\P yks4
jkeΑ< dgrs Fs] Sd ckj c,Os Fs eafnj ds ckgj nf{<sæoj eX] rks ns[k fd Sd phy ejs gqS pwgs dks ys m\Lh g,4 vc
phy fdrus gh Mij m\Ls] utj rks mldh uhps dpjs7?j eX yxh jgrh g, tgka ejs pwgs i\Ls gkX] ekal dk Iqd\Lk i\Lk gks]
GXdh xB eNyh i\Lh gks4 m\Lrh g, vkdk' eX] utj rks ?wjs ij yxh jgrh g,4 rqe fgeky; ij c,O tkvks4 dksB GdZ u
i\Lsxk4 utj ?wjs ij yxh jgsxh fn¥yh eX4 utj ejs pwgkX ij yxh jgsxh4 rqe vius dks rks lkF gh ys tkvksxs4 rqe gh
jkeΑ< us ns[k fd og phy m\L jgh g, pwgs dks ysdj4 vk,j cgqr lh phyX ml ij >iÈk ekj jgh gT4 dk,os nk,\L xS
gT4 c\Lk m®ikr ep x;k g, vkdk' eX4 og phy cpus dh dksf'' dj jgh g,4 ysfdu vk,j fx0 vk xS gT4 vk,j lc
rjG ls mldks Iksps tk jgs gT4 og Hkxrh g,] cpuk pkgrh g,4 mlds i,jkX ij ygw vk x;k g,4 rc ∂ks/ dh vo¬Fk eX
og Hh fdlh fx0 ij >iIh vk,j eqag ls pwgk NwI x;k4 pwgs ds NwIrs gh lkjk mi–o can gks x;k4 dksB os phy ds
ihNs i\Lus gh Fs4 ckdh fx0 vk,j phyX vk,j dk,os~~~os pwgs ds ihNs i\Ls Fs4 t,ls gh pwgk NwIk] os lc pys xS4 os pwgs
dh rjG pys xS4 vc og Fdh phy o1{ ij c,O xB4 jkeΑ< dgrs gT fd eq>s yxk] 'k;n Fks\Lh mls le> vkB
rqégkjk eT~~~rqe fgeky; pys tkvks] dksB GdZ u i\Lsxk4 lc Hh\L vk tkSxh4 rqégkjk eT Hh\L dks [Cprk g,4 rqe eT
dks Nks\L nks4 cktkj eX c,Os jgks] ogC fgeky; gks tkSxk4 rqégkjh nqdku rqégkjh xqGk gks tkSxh rqégkjk n©rj rqégkjk
eafnj gks tkSxk4 eT dk pwgk Hj NwI tkS4 fGj dksB phy geyk ugC djrh4 fGj dksB fl0 rqe ij vkdj geyk ugC
djrk4 rqels fdlh dk dqN ysuk7nsuk ugC g,4 og rqégkjk eT gh rqégkjs mi–o dk dkj< g,4
rqégX dHh fdlh us /Ddk ekjk` ugC rqégkjs eT dks /Dds ekjs xS gT4 fdlh us rqégX dHh uhpk fn[k;k ugC4 rqégkjs eT
dks uhpk fn[k;k x;k g,` fdlh us dHh rqégX xkyh nh` ugC4 rqégkjs eT dks xkyh nh xB g,4 fdlh us dHh rqégkjh
jgrk rks vkneh vkdk' eX g,6 pkgs ckgj jgs] pkgs Hhrj jgs4 vkdk' Sd gh g,4 ckgj Hh ogh] Hhrj Hh ogh4 D;k
rqégkjs ?j ds vkdk' dk Wi cny x;k] D;kXfd rqégkjs ?j ds Pkaps eX lek x;k` D;k >ksi\Lh dk vkdk' xjhc gksrk
g, vk,j egy dk vkdk' vehj` D;k >ksi\Lh ds vkdk' vk,j egy ds vkdk' eX xq</eZ eX dksB Hsn gksrk g,` gka]
Hsn nhoky dk g,4 ;gka ?kl7Gwl dh nhoky gT] ogka i®Fj dh nhoky g, egykX eX4 nhoky dk GdZ gksxk] ysfdu
rqégkjh utj vxj Wi ij yxh g, rks GdZ fn[kB i\Lsxk4 rc rd rqe jktuhfr eX thvksxs vk,j jktuhfr eX ejksxs4
eT vesfjdk ds Sd uhxzks fopkjd dh iq¬rd i\P jgk Fk4 c\Lk g,jku gqvk eT4 chloC lnh eX ßlh ?IukSa ?Irh gT4
;g uhxzks fopkjd tsy eX can i\Ls jguk~~~i\Ls jguk4 vk,j fGj jktuhfrK Fk4 dksB lar rks Fk ugC fd ÷;ku djs4
vü;Fk tsy eafnj gks tkrk4 jktuhfrK Fk4 vdsyk i\Lk i\Lk csp,u gks x;k4 eu eX oklukSa mOrC4 rks fdlh nwljs
d,nh us Sd fG¥e vfHus_h dk fp_ ns fn;k4 mlus viuh nhoky ij fpidk fy;k4 ßlk dHh7dHh mls ns[rk4
d,fn;kX dks ge Nks\L ns] yksx vius ?jkX eX yxkS gqS gT4 ftudks ge l†tu dgX] os Hh fG¥e vfHus_h7vfHusrkvkX
ds fp_ ?j eX yxkS gqS gT5 l†tu] rks nqtZu dk rks dguk gh D;k2
ysfdu dfOukB rks vkB rc] tc igjsnkj us] larjh us vkdj mldk njoktk Oksdk vk,j dgk fd gIkvks ;g fp_4 ;g
nhoky ij ugC yxk ldrs4 og g,jku gqvk4 mlus dgk] ysfdu D;kX` D;kXfd lHh d,nh yxkS gqS gT fdlh ds nhoky
ij ls ugC gIk;k tk jgk g,4 ml l,fud us dgk] ;g loky ugC g,4 vxj rqe yxkuk pkgks] rks fdlh uhxzks vfHus_h
dk fp_ yxk ldrs gks] xksjh vk,jr dk fp_ ugC yxk ldrs4
fp_ xksjh vk,j dk vyx] dkyh vk,jr dk vyx2 dkys gks dj vk,j xksjh vk,jr dk fp_ yxkS gks` vyx dj
mldks4 ;g xksjs yksxkX dk vieku g,4 rqégX vyx yxkuk g,] rks fdlh dkyh vk,jr dk fp_ yxk yks4 fp_ eX Hh GdZ
g,4 dkxt dk Iqd\Lk4 Fks\Lh lh ¬;kgh ml ij i\Lh g,4 dksB xksjh ¬_h cu xB] dksB dkyh ¬_h cu xB g,4 fp_ eX Hh
Hsn g,4 ew\Prk dh lhek ugC g,4 ew\Prk Hh c\Lh vlhe g,4 txr eX nks gh phtX vlhe ekywe i\Lrh gT6 Sd ijek®ek
vxj rqe Wi ns[ksxs rks dksB xksjk g,] dksB dkyk g,] dksB lqanj g,] rks dksB dqWi g,] dksB toku g,] dksB cw\Pk g,4
t,ls c\PkB yd\Lh dks rks dkI ldrk g, ßls gh ek,r rqégX Hh dkI ldrh g,] rqégkjs Wi dks6 rqégkjs vWi dks ugC4
vk,j lHh ?\LkX ds Hhrj] lHh ?aIkX ds Hhrj rw gh ø;kid g,4 'wü; vkdk' dh rjg rw gh Nk;k gqvk g,4 rwus gh lc
Wi ?sjs4 lc rsjh yhyk g,4 fdrus Pax dh ygjX mOrh g, lkxj eX4 dHh fglkc yxk;k` NksIh] c\Lh] fojkI] mRqax]
fdrus Pax] fdrus Wi2 ysfdu Sd gh lkxj lc Wi /jrk g,4 ygjkX dks ns[dj Hzkafr i,nk gksrh rqégX4 Sd gh lkxj
NksIh ygj eX] c\Lh ygj eX4 Sd gh ijek®ek xjhc eX] vehj eX4 Sd gh ijek®ek lqanj eX dqWi eX4 Sd gh ijek®ek
NksIs eX] c\Ls eX4 Sd gh ijek®ek cqf0eku eX] cq0w eX4 Sd gh ijek®ek iq≤;k®ek eX] ikih eX~~~/js ¬oWis lksB4
ek;k dk vFZ g,] vlhe dks lhfer tkuuk4 l®; dks ca/k gqvk tkuuk] l®; dks fl0kar dh rjg tkuuk4 vWi dks
Wi dh rjg tkuuk] ckgj dh ifjf/ dks Hhrj ds dX– dh rjg tkuuk] ek;k g,4 ek;k dk vFZ g,] ygjkX dks lkxj
le> ysuk4
vk,j fGj rqe brus vd\Ls fGj jgs gks] brus Gwys7Gwys fGj jgs gks] dqN gkF ugC flok; jk[ ds4 vd\Lus ;ks≈; dqN
Hh ugC g,4 ikl dqN Hh ugC4 fH[kjh gks fcydqy4 ysfdu fH[kjh ds ik_ eX Hh i\Ls nl7ikap i,ls ctrs jgrs gT4 mu
D;k g, rqégkjs ikl` vxj rqe Wi ls gh ca/dj thvksxs vk,j uke ls gh ca/dj thvksxs] rqégkjk lc xoZ ø;FZ g,4
vc ;g c\Ls ets dh ckr g,4 rqégkjs ikl xoZ7;ks≈; dqN Hh ugC g, vk,j rqe H;adj xoZ ls Hjs gks4 ftuds ikl
xoZ7;ks≈; dqN g,] tks ijek®ek dks ik ysrs gT] os fcydqy gh xoZ7'wü; gks tkrs gT4 ;g c\Lk fojks/kHkl g,4 ftuds
ikl dqN ugC g,] os vd\Ls fGj jgs gT vk,j ftuds ikl lc dqN g,] os fouez gks tkrs gT4 exj bl fojks/kHkl dk Hh
foKku g,4 vk,j og foKku le> ysus t,lk g,4 ;g fojks/kHkl c\Lk eg®oiw<Z g,4 ftuds ikl dqN ugC] os D;kX xoZ ls
vd\Ls fGjrs gT2 bl xoZ eX gh os viuh nhurk dks fNikrs gT4 bl vd\L eX gh os vius dks jekrs gT] Hqykrs gT fd g,4
eq¥yk ulQYhu esjs lkF Sd ;k_k ij Fk4 vpkud og pkTddj [\Lk gks x;k vk,j mlus dgk] ekywe gksrk g, esjk
fIdI [ks x;k4 vk,j u dsoy fIdI [ks x;k g, esjk] i,ls ftleX eTus j[ Nks\Ls Fs] og euhcsx Hh [ks x;k4 fIdI
vk,j i,ls lc lkF gh lkF Fk4 eTus dgk fd igys Ohd ls rqe viu di\LkX eX ns[ yks4
mlus cgqr [hls cuk j[s gT fHU7fHU rjg dh phtX j[us ds fyS4 lc [hls ns[ Lkys Sd nGk nks nGk4 ysfdu
eTus xk,j fd;k] fd Sd [hlk tks mlds dksI ds Mij Nkrh ij g,] og mldks Nks\L jgk g,4 og ml rjG tkrk gh ugC4
nwljs [hls nks7nks rhu ckj2 rks eTus dgk] ulQYhu] rqe bls D;kX Hwy tk jgs gks2
mlus dgk] fd bldh ckr gh er mOkvks4 Hwy ugC jgk gwa4 Hyh rjg ;kn g,4 rks eTus dgk] mldks D;kX ugC ns[
ysrs2 mlus dgk] mlh dk rks lgkjk g,4 Sd vk'k2 vxj mldks Hh ns[k vk,j u ik;k~~~ ekjs xS2 mldks légkys gwa4
mldks eT u ns[ ldwaxk4 mleX fgéer ugC i\Lrh ns[us dh4 mlh eX vk'k dk Sd lsrq cpk g,4 Sd [;ky7'k;n
mleX gks4 vxj iDdk gks x;k fd mleX Hh ugC g, rks xS2
;g Ohd dg jgk g,4 ;gh euq‘; dk euksfoKku g,4 rqégkjs ikl g, ugC4 xoZ eX rqe fNik;s gks4 bls ckr dks rqe lw_
le> yksx] fd vkneh ftl ckr dk xoZ djrk gks] mlh ckr eX ghu4 gksxk4 ogh mldh ghurk dh xzafF g,] ogh
mldh büGhfj;kfjIh g,4 vxj Sd vkneh vd\L dj pyrk g, fd mlds ikl c\Lh lqanj nsg g,4 rks rqe iDdk le>
ysuk mldks 'd g,4 vk,j mldks Hhrj H; g,] fd mlds ikl lqanj nsg g, ugC4 vk,j blds igys fd dksB dgs] og
?ks"<k dj nsuk pkgrk g,4 blds igys fd dksB ?ko Nw ns] og igys gh ?ks"<k dj nsuk pkgrk g,] fd eT Sd lqanj
vkneh gwa4
ftlds ikl Lj g, fd cqf0 ugC g,] viuh og cqf0 dks fn[krk fGjrk g,4 daO¬F dj ysrk g, dqN ckrX4 mudks nqgjk
nsrk g, pkj vknfe;kX ds lkeus jksc cu tkS] fd dqN tkurk g,4 mldks tkuus eX 'd g,4 mldk Kku lqfufæpr ugC4
mlus tkuk ugC gT4 og dsoy tkuus dks PkXx dj jgk g,4
dqWi f¬_;ka †;knk xgus igus gqS feyXxh4 lqanj ¬_h dks xgus dh dksB tWjr ugC4 dqWi ¬_h viuh dqWirk dks
Pkad jgh g, xgukX ls4 dqWi f¬_;ka o¬_kX eX Pdh gqB feyXxh4 ghjs7tokgjkr eX gh Pkadj os vius dks fdlh rjg lqanj
gksus dh Hzkafr fnyk ikrh gT4 lqanj ¬_h dks dksB tWjr ugC g,4 lqanj ¬_h dks irk gh ugC gksrk] fd lkTn;Z dh ?ks"<k
djuh g,4 ?ks"<k rks xjhc djrk g,4 ftlds ikl g,] og rks pqi jgrk g,4 tks tkurs gT] os tku yXxs4 tks ugC tkurs] os
?ks"<k ls Hh ugC tkuXxs4 ?ks"<k djuh g,` Kkuh fouez gks tkrk g,4 iafLr xWj ls Hj tkrk g,4 /uh lknxh ls thus
yxrk g,4 xjhc lknxh ls ugC th ldrk4 flGZ /uh lknxh ls th ldrk g,4
eTus lquk g, gsujh GksLZ ba≈y,üL vk;k4 rks mlds vkus ds igys v[ckjkX eX GksIks Nis Fs4 rks gj dksB mls tkurk Fk4
txr fo“;kr vkneh Fk4 mlus vkdj SvjiksIZ ds buDok;jh n©rj eX iwNk] fd ;gka l¬rs ls l¬rk gksIy dk,u lk
dh4 mlus dgk] ekG dfjS4 D;k vki gsujh GksLZ gT2 lqcg vkidk v[ckj eX GksIks ns[k4 mlus dgk fd th2 ml
vkneh us dgk] fd gsujh GksLZ gks dj vki l¬rk gksIy [kst jgs gT2 rks mlus dgk] D;kXfd eT gsujh GksLZ gwa] l¬rs eX
jgwa fd egaxs eX] dksB GdZ ugC i\Lrk4 gsujh GksLZ gsujh GksLZ g,4 lkjh nqfu;k tkurh g,4
ml vkneh us dk fd vkids y\Lds vkrs gT4 os ges'k Mapk gksIy [kstrs gT4 mlus dgk] mudks Hh Hjkslk ugC g,4 eT
vkæo¬r gwa4 mudks dHh Hh Hjkslk ugC4 dek;k eTus g,4 os rks eq©r[ksj gT4 vkæo¬r gks Hh d,ls ldrs gT` dekB
cke dh g,4 dekB ftldh g,] mldk cy g,4 rks os fn[ykuk pkgrs gT4 c\Ls ls c\Lk gksIy2 vehj vkneh lknxh ls
eTus lquk g, fd ßlk gqvk] fd gsujh GksLZ vk,j Gk;j ¬Iksu daiuh dk izFe ekfyd Gk;j ¬Iksu] nksukX6 vk,j Sd dfo
gsujh o,ysl rhukX Sd iqjkuh gsujh GksLZ dh iqjkuh dkj eX Sd ;k_k ij xS Fs4 chp eX Sd xkao ij isI≠ksy Hjokus ds
fyS Qds4 rks gsujh GksLZ [qn gh xk\Lh pyk jgk Fk4 ihNs Gk;j ¬Iksu c,Ok Fk okysl c,Ok Fk] tks dfo Fk4 rhukX dh
gsujh GksLZ us ßls gh ckr dh ckr eX] tks vkneh isI≠ksy Hjus vk;k mlls dgk] fd rqe lksp Hh ugC ldrs fd rqe
fdldh xk\Lh eX isI≠ksy Hj jgs gks` eT gsujh GksLZ gwa4 gsujh GksLZ ;kuh lkjh nqfu;k dh eksIjkX dk ekfyd4
ml vkneh us ßls gh xk,j ls ns[k vk,j dgk gwa4 mldks Hjkslk ugC vk;k] fd gsujh GksLZ ;gka D;k ejus vkSaxs] bl
NksIs xkao eX` vk,j vxj gsujh GksLZ gh g,] rks crkus dh D;k tWjr` og viuk isI≠ksy Hjrk jgk4 gsujh gqB] fd mlus
dqN Hh ugC dgk4 mlus dgk] 'k;n rqégX irk u gks fd esjs ihNs tks c,Os gT os Gk;j ¬Iksu gT3Gk;j ¬Iksu Ik;jkX ds
ekfyd4 ml vkneh us ihNs Hh xk,j ls ns[k vk,j tksj ls dgk gwa2 vk,j t,ls gh gsujh GksLZ us dgk fd rqégX 'k;n
bl vkneh us uhps i\Lk yksgs dk LaLk mOk;k vk,j dgk fd rqe eq>ls ;g er dguk] fd ;s gh ijek®ek g, ftügkXus
nqfu;k cukB4 flj [ksy nwaxk4 lHh ek,twn gT2 Sd ijek®ek gh Hj ek,twn ugC g, le>ks4
gsujh GksLZ djuk lknk vkneh Fk] fd mlds di\Ls ns[ dj dksB igpku ugC ldrk Fk fd gsujh GksLZ gT6 u mldh dk
ns[dj4 D;kXfd og igyk ekLy3Ih ekLy6 tks mlus cuk;k Fk] mlheX ;k_k djrk jgk Vtnxh Hj4 vπNs ekLy
cus] vπNh dkjX vkB ysfdu gsujh GksLZ vius Ih ekLy eX pyrk jgk4
vk,j lk/q t,lk xyrk Fk4 blfyS rks Hjkslk ugC vk;k fd gsujh GksLZ bl xkao eX D;k djXxs` vk,j fGj ;g os'Hw"k4
lh/k vkneh Fk4 /uh vkneh lknxh ls Hj tkrk g,4 dqN vkæp;Z ugC] fd egkohj] cq0 jktiq_ gks dj fH[kjh gks
xS4 flGZ jktiq_ gh fH[kjh gks ldrs gT4 fH[kjh rks jktiq_ gksuk pkgrk g,4 tks rqe ugC gks] og rqe gksuk pkgrs gks4
tks rqe gks] og gksus dh vkdka{k pyh tkrh g,4 vkneh blhfyS rks bruk xokZ;k fGjrk g,6 fd tks7tks mleX ugC g,]
og mlh dg [cj nsrk g,4 vk,j mlds Hhrj ?ko fNis gT xoZ ds4
ftl pht eX vkneh xoZ djs] rqe le> ysuk fd ogh mldh ghurk dh xzafF g,4 mldks rqe tjk Nqvks rqe ikvksxs]
Hhrj ls ?ko fudy vk;k] eokn cgus yxh4 og ∂ksf/r gks tkSxk4 iafLr ds Kku ij 'd er djuk6 vü;Fk og
>x\Lus dks r,;kj gks tkSxk] fookn ij mrkW gks tkSxk4 xjhc vkneh ds /uh gksus ij lansg er mOkuk] eku ysuk4
f'‘Ikpkj ogh g,4 pqipki dg nsuk] fd fufæpr4 vki t,lk /uh vk,j dk,u`
tks rqégkjs ikl g,] rqe mldh ?ks"<k ugC djrs4 ek;k eksgs vFZ nsf[ dfj dkg, dw xjokuk4 H;Hhr vkneh cgknqjh
dh ckrX djrk g,4 H;Hhr vkneh ges'k nkosnkjh djrk g, fd eT c\Lk ohj iqQ" gwa4
eq¥yk ulQYhu cgqr H;Hhr vkneh g,4 va/sjs eX tkus eX Ljrk g,4 va/sjs eX Hh tkS rks i®uh dks ykyIsu ysdj vkxs
dj ysrk g,4 ?j eX mlds pksjh gqB4 rks pksj dh f'uk“r djuh Fh4 rks vnkyr eX eft¬I≠sI us iwNk fd ulQYhu] rqe
va/sjk u;k ugC] vfr izkphu g,4 vk,j Sslk Hh ugC g, fd izdk' rqeus [kstk u gks4 og [kst Hh mruh gh iqjkuh g,]
ftruk va/sjk4 D;kXfd ;g vlaHo gh g, fd dksB va/sjs eX gks vk,j izdk' dh vkdka{k u txs4 t,ls dksB Hw[k gks vk,j
va/sjk Hh iqjkuk g,] vkyksd dh vkdka{k Hh iqjkuh g,6 ysfdu vkyksd feyk ugC4 mldh Sd fdj< ds Hh n'Zu ugC
gqS4 HIds rqe cgqr] [kstk Hh rqeus cgqr] ysfdu ifj<ke dqN gkF ugC vk;k4 cht rks rqeus cks;s] ysfdu Gly
D;kXfd va/sjs eX pyusokys vkneh dks izdk' dk dksB Hh rks irk ugC4 mlus izdk' dHh tkuk ugC4 og mls [kstsxk
vk,j vxj vius ls gh iwNrk jgk ekxZ] rks HIdsxk gh4 mldh HIdu orqZykdkj gks tk;sxh4 pysxk cgqr] igqapsxk
dgC Hh ugC4
fdlh ls iwNuk i\Lsxk4 vius ls Fks\Lk Mij mOuk i\Lsxk4 fdlh ls iwNuk i\Lsxk] ftlus izdk' tkuk gks] ftlus th;k
xqQ dk bruk gh vFZ g,4 tks rqe [kst jgs gks] og mls fey x;k4 ftls rqe pkgrs gks] og mldh laink gks xB4 tks
g,4
vKku eX Hh Kku ds lius vkrs gT4 u ekywe fdrus vKkuh gT] tks vius dks iafLr le>rs gT2 iafLr g, gh ml vKkuh
dk uke] ftlus vius dks Kkuh le> fy;k g,4 ftlus vius vKku dks Pkad fy;k g, 'k¬_kX ls fyS xS m/kj 'çnkX
eX4
blfyS ÷;ku j[kuk] ok¬rfod vKku dk cks/ rks ø;fDr dks xqQ ds pj<kX eX ys tkrk g, vk,j Kku dk vgadkj 'k¬_kX
eX4 rc vkneh 'k¬_ [kstrk g,] xqQ ugC4 D;kXfd 'k¬_kX eX leiZ< djus dh dksB tWjr ugC g,4 'k¬_ rks futño
xqQ dks rks rqe u cny ldksxs4 'k¬_ dks rqe cny ldrs gks4 xqQ rqégX cnysxk4 vk,j xqQ dh cnykgI dk igyk
lw_ rks ;gh g,] fd igys og rqégX txkSxk vk,j crkSxk] fd rqe xgjh uCn eX lksS gqS gks4 og igys rqégX bl gks' ls
Hjsxk fd rqe vKkuh gks] fuiI vKkuh gks4 og igys rqégkjh vka[X va/dkj ds izfr [ksysxk4 D;kXfd va/dkj ds ckn
gh izdk' dh laHkouk g,4 fxjk gqvk gh mO ldrk g,4 vk,j tks lksprk g,] eT mOk gh gqvk gwa] f'[j ij fojkteku gwa]
mldks mOkus ds lc mik; ø;FZ gks tkrs gT4 dksB Kkuh mldks mOkus dh >a>I eX i\Lrk Hh ugC4
vc ge dchj ds bu opukX dks le>us dh dksf'' djX4 bl dgkuh ds lanHZ eX cgqr lh ckrX lkG gks tk;Xxh4
vKkuh d¥iuk eX thrk g,4 d¥iuk dk vFZ g, fd >wOk txr] tks mlus vius eu ls cuk fy;k g,6 tks g, ugC] ij tks
mlus vkjksfir dj fy;k g,4 Sd dk¥ifud txr eX thrk g, vKkuh4 tgka fe_ ugC gT] ogka lksp ysrk g,] fe_ gT4
tgka viuk ugC g, dksB] ogka lksp ysrk g, vius gT4 tgka thou izfriy e1®;q ds dxkj ij [\Lk g,] ogka lksp ysrk g,]
fd lnk thuk g,2 tgka /u /ks[k g,] ogka mlh dks lc dqN eku dj th ysrk g,4 tgka nsg vkt g, vk,j dy ugC gksxh]
ml nsg ds lkF Sslk jlflDr gks tkrk g,] fd t,ls ;gh eT gwa2 tgka fopkj gok dh rjaxkX ls †;knk ugC gT] mügC fopkjkX
eX bruk yhu gks tkrk g,] t,ls fd 'kæor] fu®; gT2 tgka vgadkj Sd >wOh ekü;rk g,] ml >wOh ekü;rk ij lc
fuNkoj dj nsrk g,6 ejus7ekjus dks jkth] mrkW gks tkrk g,4
l®; dk vFZ g,] tks g,] mls o,lk gh ns[ ysuk6 vk,j d¥iuk dk vFZ g,] tks g, mls o,lk ns[uk] t,lk rqe pkgrs gks4
l®; dks ns[us ds fyS c\Lk lkgl pkfgS D;kXfd tWjh ugC g, fd l®; rqégkjh vkdka{k ls jkth gks4 tWjh ugC g,]
fd l®; rqégkjh vkdka{k ds vuqdwy gks4 tWjh ugC g,] fd l®; rqégkjs liukX dh iw√r djs4 myIk gh †;knk tWjh g,]
dgkor g, fd Lwcrk fruds dk lgkjk ys ysrk g,4 ysfdu mls fruds eX uko fn[kB i\Lrh g,4 vk,j vxj rqe mlls
dgks] fd mlls dgks] fd ;g frudk g,] bldks id\Ldj rqe cpksxs u] rks og rqe ij ukjkt gks tkSxk4 D;kXfd rqe
tks dg jgs gks] mldk eryc ;g gqvk fd rqe mldh ek,r dh ?ks"<k dj jgs gks4 og fruds dks uko ekudj vka[
can fdS cg jgk g,4 lksprk g,] cp tkMaxk4 c\Lh vk'k txkS gqS g,4
;wuku eX Sd c\Lh izfl0 dFk g,4 rqeus Hh lquh gksxh4 Sd iqjkuh dFk g,] fd nsork ukjkt gks xS Sd ø;fDr ij4
mldk uke Fk izkseksfF;l4 os ml ij ukjkt gks xS] D;kXfd mlus nsorkvkX ds txr ls vf≈u pqjk yh vk,j vknfe;kX
vk,j vf≈u ds lkF vkneh c\Lk 'fDr'kyh gks x;k4 mldk H; de gks x;k] mldk Hkstu idus yxk] mlds ?j eX
xeñ vk xB] taxyh tkuojkX ls j{k gksus yxh4 vk,j ftruk vkneh etcwr gks x;k] mruh mlus nsorkvkX dh fG∂
c\Lk H≈u gks x;k4 lkjh ø;o¬Fk IwI x;h4 vkneh Ljs u] dais u4 mlds ikl viuh vkx gks xB cpkus ds fyS4
rqe lksp Hh ugC ldrs fd vkneh vkx ds fcuk d,lk jgk gksxk4 c\Lk H;Hhr2 jkr lks ugC ldrk Fk D;kXfd taxyh
tkuoj2 jkr H;adj va/dkj Fk4 flok; H; ds vk,j dqN Hh ugC4 jkr eX gh cπps taxyh tkuoj ys tkrs] vknfe;kX
dks ys tkrs] if®u;kX dks ys tkrs6 lqcg irk pyrk4 jkr c\Lh H;adj Fh4
mldk H; vHh Hh vkneh ds eu eX ek,twn jg x;k g,4 djks\LkX lky chr xS] ysfdu H; vHh jkr eX ljdus yxrk
g, fGj ls4 rqégkjs vpsru eu eX rqe vc Hh ogh vkneh gks] ftlds ikl vf≈u u Fh4
fGj vf≈u us c\Lh lqj{k nh4 vf≈u lcls c\Lh [kst g,4 vHh rd Hh vf≈u ls c\Lh [kst ugC gks ikB4 SIe ce Hh
izkseksfF;l ij nsork ukjkt gqS4 mügkXus mls ¬oxZ ls fu‘dkflr dj fn;k] tehu ij Hst fn;k4 fGj mls d‘I nsus ds
fyS] mls ih\Lk eX Lkyus ds fyS mügkXus Sd ¬_h jph4 ViLksjk ml ¬_h dk uke g,4 mldks mügkXus c\Lk lqanj jpk4
lkTn;Z ds nsork us mldks lkTn;Z fn;k] cqf0 ds nsork us mls izfrHk nh] u1®; ds nsork us mldks inkX eX u1®; Hjk]
laxhr ds nsork us mlds daO dks laxhr ls ltk;k6 Ssls lkjs nsorkvkX us feydj ViLksjk cukB4 ViLksjk t,lh dksB lqanj
¬_h ugC gks ldrh6 D;kXfd lkjs nsorkvkX dh lkjh l1tu'fDr ml ij yx xB4
og izkseksfF;l dks Hz‘I djus ds fyS mügkXus i1ƒoh ij Hsth4 vk,j mlds lkF pyrs oDr mügkXus Sd isIh ns nh3Sd
lanwdph] tks c\Lh izfl0 g,5 8ViLksjk dh eatw"k9 vk,j dgk] fd bls [ksyuk er4 dHh Hwydj er [ksyuk4
nsork pkgrs Fs] fd og [ksys4 blfyS mügkXus dgk fd bldks [ksyuk er] Hwydj er [ksyuk4 bldks [ksyuk gh
ugC g,] pkgs dqN Hh gks tk;s2 ¬oHkorA nsork dq'y gT] pkykd gT] ftl pht dks [qyokuk gks] mlds fyS ;g
ftKklk Hj nsuh] fd [ksyuk er] mfpr g,4 vxj os dqN u dgrs rks 'k;n ViLksjk Hwy Hh tkrh ml lanwdph dks4
ysfdu ml fnu ls mldks fnu jkr Sd gh yxk jgrk eu eX] fd ml lanwd eX D;k g,`
c\Lh lqanj lanwd Fh] ghjs7\tokgjkrkX ls t\Lh Fh4 vkf[j Sd fnu mlls u jgk x;k4 vk/h jkr eX mOdj mlus lanwd
lanwd [ksyrs gh og ?c\Lk xB4 mleX ls H;adj euq‘; tkfr ds nqæeu fudys3∂ks/] yksH] eksg] dke] H;] B‘;kZ]
tyu2 Sdne ViLksjk dh lanwdph [qy xB vk,j mleX ls fudys ;s lkjs Hwr7izsr vk,j lkjh i1ƒoh ij G,y xS4
?c\LkgI eX mlus lanwdph can dj nh] ysfdu rc rd nsj gks pwdh Fh4 lc fudy pqds Fs] lanwdph eX tks7tks Fs]
flGZ Sd r®o jg x;k6 ml r®o dk uke g,5 vk'k4 ckdh lc fudy xS] lanwd can gks xB4 flGZ vk'k] gksi
Hhrj jg xB4
dgkuh dk vFZ g,] fd yksH] dke] ∂ks/ lc rqégX ckgj ls lrkrs gT4 vk'k rqégX Hhrj ls lrkrh g,4
vk'k ;kuh d¥iuk2 liuk2 ba–/uq"2 t,lk g, ugC] mldh dkeuk4 mldk Hjkslk] t,lk dHh ugC gksxk4 rqe Hh
vius ;FkFZ {<kX eX tkurs gks] Sslk dHh ugC gksxk] ysfdu liuk rqégX id\Lrk g, rks rqe Hh ekuus yxrs gks] fd Sslk
fcuk ml vkneh ls feys] ftldh d¥iuk feI xB gks] vk,j ftlus l®; dks tkuk gks] ftlus l®; dks jaxus7iksrus dh
ø;o¬Fk Nks\L nh gks] ftlus l®; dks o,lk gh tkuk gks t,lk g,] ftlus ;FkFZ eX viuh vka[kX ls dqN Hh m\Lsyuk can
dj fn;k gks] ftlus vius eu ds tky dks ckgj G,ykus ls jksd fy;k gks] ftlus eu gh rks\L fn;k gks] tks v7eu gks
pqdk gks4 tc rd og rqégX u feys tk;s] dk,u rqégX rqégkjh d¥iuk ls txkS`
d¥iuk5 ek;k4 d¥iuk3uCn eX vka[ can vkneh dk liuk4 fdruk gh lqanj gks] ysfdu >wOk4
lqanj ugC g,] ysfdu mlds lkTn;Z eX Sd dOksjrk g,3gksxh gh4 og rqégX ekywe i\Lrh g, dOksjrk] D;kXfd rqe liukX
ds lkTn;Z eX /hjs7/hjs brus vknh gks xS gks] fd ;FkFZ dh l“rh vk,j ;FkFZ dk ;FkFZ rqégkjs liukX dks rks\Lrk ekywe
i\Lrk g,4 rqe liukX ds lkF7lkF /hjs7/hjs cgqr detksj gks xS gks4 blfyS l®; dks >sy ugC ikrs4
rqe l®; dks Hh >syuk pkgks] rks mlds Mij >wO dh Fks\Lh lh irZ pkfgS4 rqe l®; dks lh/k7lh/k lk{kr ugC dj
ikrs4 rqe ?c\Lkrs gks] fd dgC rqe feI u tkvks] dgC rqe IwI u tkvks4 rqe detksj gks xS gks d¥iuk ds lkF4
d¥iuk us rqégX 'fDr rks ugC nh] rqégkjh lkjh 'fDr Nhu yh g,4
xqQ dk vFZ g,] tks rqégX /hjs7/hjs] dne7dne] gkF id\L dj ys pys l®; dh rjG4 tks /hjs7/hjs rqégkjh d¥iuk
ls rqégX Nq\LkS4
Sd cgqr c\Lk >su lk/d gqvk] Vyph4 og vius xqQ ds ikl Fk4 vk,j tc vk;k Fk rks xqQ us mlls fuokZ< dh vk,j
eks{ dh vk,j cq0®o dh c\Lh ehOh ckrX dh FC4 vk,j Sd liuk i,nk dj fn;k Fk4 vk,j Vyph dOksj lk/uk eX yx
dqN o"k˜ dh fujarj lk/uk] xqQ ds lgokl] l®lax dk ifj<ke ;g gqvk ÷;ku yxus yxk4 cq0®o djhc ekywe gksus
yxk4 Sd fnu Sslh ?\Lh vk xB] fd Vyph dks yxk] fd cl vc Sd Nykax vk,j7vk,j eT cq0®o dks miyç/ gks
tkMaxk4
og x;k vius xqQ ds ikl] pj< Nwdj mlus xqQ ls dgk] 8cl Sd Nykax vk,j2 tjk7lk /Ddk pkfgS] eT cq0®o
xqQ us dgk] 8d,lk cq0®o2 d,lk eks{2 d,lk fuokZ<2 lc cdokl g,4
Vyph rks ?c\Lk x;k4 mlus dgk] 8D;k vki dgrs gT` eT rks blh vk'k eX lkjh lk/uk eX yxk gwa4
mlds xqQ us dgka] 8cπpkX dks ge feOkB nsrs gT] rkfd os ¬dwy pys tk;X4 dksB feOkB nsus ds fyS feOkB ugC nsrs]
¬dwy Hstus ds fyS feOkB nsrs gT4 fGj t,ls7t,ls cπps dks ¬dwy eX jl vkus yxsxk] feOkB de gksus yxrh g,4 fGj
Sd fnu feOkB can dj nsuh gksrh g,4 cq0®o` tc rd ikus dh dksB Hh vkdka{k g,] rc rd d¥iuk dke dj jgh g,4
vkt mls Hh Nks\L4 vc dqN ikuk ugC g,4 vc tks g,] mls tkuuk g,49
Vyph us fy[k g,] esjk jksvka7jksvka dai x;k4 lalkj Nks\Luk Fk] cq0®o dks Nks\Luk2 vk,j mlds xqQ us tks opu dgk]
og phu vk,j tkiku eX c\Lh eg®oiw<Z mfDr gks x;k g,4 vk,j >su lk/d ml ij ÷;ku djrs gT4
Vyph ds xqQ us dgk5 bG ;w ehI n cq0k vkŒu n os] bfeft;sIyh fdy fge4
vxj cq0 rqégX dgC ekxZ ij fey tk;X rks r®{< mudks d®y dj nsuk4 Sd {< Qduk er4
D;kXfd dgC Sslk u gks] fd cq0®o dk eksg rqégX id\L ys4 fGj lalkj [\Lk gks tkrk g,4 blls dksB GdZ ugC i\Lrk]
fd rqe liuk /u ds laca/ eX ns[rs gks ;k /eZ ds laca/ eX4 blls Hh dksB GdZ ugC i\Lrk fd rqe liuk bl txr eX
Sd lqanj edku cukus dk ns[rs gks] ;k ml txr eX] ¬oxZ eX Sd lqanj edku ikus dk6 dksB GdZ ugC i\Lrk4 liuk]
liuk g,4
vk,j lc lius NwI tkus pkfgS4 tc lc lius fxj tkrs gT] t,ls lkai ljd tkrk g, viuh iqjkuh dXpqyh ds ckgj
vk,j ihNs yk,Idj Hh ugC ns[rk] Ssls ftl fnu rqe vius d¥iuk ds ckgj fudy vkrs gks mlh fnu l®; dk lk{kr
og eqfDr rqégkjh vkdka{kvkX dh eqfDr ugC g,4 og eqfDr rqégkjs liukX eX lksph xB eqfDr Hh ugC g,4 og fuekZ< rqeus
t,lk lkspk Fk] o,lk fcydqy ugC g,6 og fcydqy vü;Fk g,4 ysfdu mlds laca/ eX vkt rqe dqN lksp Hh ugC
ldrs4 mls rks rqe tkuksxs] rHh tkuksxs4 mldk rks rqe vuqHo djksxs] rHh djksxs4 og jl gh Sslk g,4 mldk rqe
vxj rqe vdsys vius gh lgkjs pyksxs rks †;knk ls †;knk ;g dj ldrs gks fd lalkj dh d¥iukSa Nks\L dj rqe eks{
dh d¥iukSa djus yxksxs4 †;knk ls †;knk bruk gks ldrk g,6 vk,j ;g dqN Hh ugC g,4 bldk dksB Hh ew¥; ugC g,4
rqe ;gka i®uh dks Nks\Lksxs rks rqe ¬oxZ eX fdlh vîljk dks ikus dh d¥iuk djus yxksxs4 rqe ;gka 'jkc Nks\Lksxs rks
rqégkjs ¬oxZ eX 'jkc ds pæes cgus yxXxs4 rqe ;gka ri djksxs] ?j dh Nk;k Nks\Lksxs] rks rqégkjk ¬oxZ okrkuqdwfyr]
Svj7d≤Lh'≤L gksxk4
gksuk gh pkfgS4 lHh ri¬oh mlh ¬oxZ dh dkeuk dj jgs gT] tks fcydqy okrkuqdwfyr g,] 'hry g,4 'k¬_kX dks
Svj7d≤Lh'Vux 'çn dk irk ugC Fk] blfyS os dgrs gT] 'hry g,] ean7ean c;kj cgrh g,] lqcg t,lh 'hryrk
fnu Hj cuh jgrh g,4 ml oDr rd okrkuqdwfyr 'çn mügX vankt eX ugC Fk] vc g,4 vc mls lq/kj dj nsuk
pkfgS4
ysfdu rqe ÷;ku j[uk] ;s lkjh d¥iukSa vyx7vyx tkfr;kX dh ¬oHkorA vyx7vyx gkXxh] D;kXfd
frçcr ds 'k¬_kX eX ugC fy[k g, fd ¬oxZ OaLk vk,j 'hry g,4 frçcrh OaL vk,j 'hr ls bl cqjh rjg ijs'ku gT4
mudk udZ OaLk g,4 ogka cGZ teh jgrh g,] og dHh ugC fi?yrh4 muds ¬oxZ eX rks lwjt lnk fudyk jgrk
g,3M‘<] rîr2 dHh ckny ugC f?jrs vk,j dHh cGZ ugC terh4
Vgnw vk,j frçcrh cgqr nwj ugC gT4 ysfdu VgnqvkX ds ¬oxZ eX 'hry ean c;kj cgrh g,2 frçcfr;kX ds ¬oxZ eX lwjt
lnk fudyrk jgrk g, vk,j mRîr cuk jgrk g,2 VgnqvkX ds udZ eX yiIX tyrh gT vk,j yksx d\LkgkX eX Lkys tkrs
gT3mcyrs gqS rsy eX4 frçcfr;kX ds udZ eX yksx OaLs cGZ eX GXd fnS tkrs gT] tks ogC l\Lrs gT4
vc ;g tjk lkspus t,lk g,] fd D;k lc tkfr;kX ds fyS vyx7vyx ¬oxZ vk,j udZ gT` D;k frçcfr;kX ds fyS
ugC2 ysfdu gj tkfr dh d¥iuk vius vuqHo ls fudyrh g,4 t,lh tkfr gksxh] mldh d¥iuk mlds vuqHo ls
fudysxh4 eqlyekukX dk ¬oxZ vk,j Pax dk gksxk] VgnqvkX dk ¬oxZ vk,j Pax dk] Blkb;kX dk ¬oxZ vk,j Pax dk4 udZ
D;kXfd gekjh d¥iukSa gekjs thou ds vuqHo ds foijhr gksrh gT4 tks7tks thou eX ge pwd xS gT] og ge ¬oxZ eX
j[ ysrs gT4 tks7tks fey x;k g,] mldh ge fG∂ Nks\L nsrs gT4
÷;ku j[uk] fcuk xqQ ds rqégkjh d¥iuk u feIsxh4 d¥iuk dk Wi Hj cny ldrk g,] Pax Hj cny ldrk g,]
d¥iuk rks mlh ds lgokl eX feI ldrh g,] ftlds Hhrj l®; dk v˙;qn; gqvk gks4
dchj dgrs gT] Ohd ls bl ckr dks fopkj dj ys4 blds igys] fd rw ml vuar dh ;k_k ij fudys] bldk Ohd ls
fopkj dj ys6 fd vuar dh ;k_k ij vxj rw vdsyk gh x;k rks og ;k_k rsjs eu ls ckgj dh u gksxh4 dksB pkfgS]
tks eu ds ckgj x;k gks] tks rsjk gkF id\L ys vk,j ;k_k ij ys tkS4
t,ls NksIs cπps dks dksB izk,\P pkfgS] tks gkF dk lgkjk ns ns] Hjkslk ns ns] J0k dks tüek ns vk,j cπpk mOs vk,j pyus
eT prqo∆nh3pkjkX osn dk tkuus okyk6 fd f_osnh3rhu osn dk tkuusokyk2 tkudkjh rqégkjh laifR ekywe gksrh g,4
xqQ ds ikl tkrs rqe Ljksxs4 iafLr dairk g, xqQ ds ikl tkrs4 blfyS eT fujarj dgrk gwa] dHh7dHh ikih Hh igqap
tkrs gT xqQ ds ikl] iafLr ugC igqap ikrk g,4 ikih dks cgqr Lj Hh ugC g,4 xqQ Nhu gh ysxk] iki gh rks ikl eX g,]
dqN vk,j g, Hh ugC2 iafLr cgqr Ljrk g,] mlds ikl laifR g,4 dgC Nhu u yh tkS2
vk,j ÷;ku j[uk] tc rd rqégkjk Hjk gqvk eu [kyh u fd;k tkS] tc rd rqégkjk ik_ [kyh djds ekatk u tkS]
rc rd mleX ijek®ek ds ve1r dks rqe u ys ikvksxs] u >sy ikvksxs4 rqégkjk ik_ [kyh fd;k tkuk tWjh g,] vkx
f'{d ugC ns ldXxs og ckjhd jkg4 os rqégX Kku ns ldXxs] ÷;ku u ns ldXxs4
Kku rks foæofo|ky;kX eX fey tkrk g,4 mlds fyS vkJekX dh tWjr ugC4 muds fyS xqQdqykX dh tWjr ugC g,4
Kku rks l¬rk g,6 fey tkrk g, dgC Hh4 cktkj7cktkj eX miyç/ g,4
÷;ku dfOu g,4 vk,j dfOukB ;g g,] fd Kku rks rqe t,ls gks] o,ls dks gh fey tkrk g,4 ÷;ku rks rHh feyrk g,] tc
rqe feIus dks ifjiw<Z Wi ls r,;kj gksrs gks4 ÷;ku igys rqégX feIkrk g,] ejrk g,4 blfyS iqjkus 'k¬_kX eX Sd vnHqr
opu g,4 og opu g,5 8vkpk;k∆ e1®;qA9] vkpk;Z e1®;q g,4 xqQ e1®;q g,4 mlds ikl tkdj rqe ejksxs4 ejuk gh i\Lsxk4
mlds ikl tkdj feIksxs] feIkuk gh i\Lsxk4 D;kXfd feI dj gh rqe gks ldksxs4 rqégkjk vlyh ¬oWi rHh izxI
rqégkjh 8vId93;g 'çn c\Lk î;kjk g,4 ;g vId Sslh g,] t,ls dHh7dHh xzkeksGksu eX lqB vId tkrh g,4 fGj
og ogh dk ogh nqgjkrh jgrh g,] t,ls ti dj jgh gks2 tgka vId xB] mlh dk ti tkjh jgrk g,4 vId 'çn c\Lk
î;kjk g,4
rqe Sd gh txg vIds gks4 ckj7ckj ogC vId tkrs gks] ogC vk tkrs gks4 fGj ej tkrs gks] fGj i,nk gks tkrs gks]
fGj ogC vk tkrs gks4 lqB vIdh g, xzkeksGksu dh4 vk,j bruh ckj vId pqdh g,] fd vc ogka xØk gks x;k g,4 vc
ogka ls vkxs lqB tk ugC ldrh] vc rd fd dksB mOkdj gh lqB dks vkxs u j[ ns4
dksB pkfgS tks rqégX mOkdj rqégkjh vId ds ckgj ys tkS4 rqe vius ls u tk ldksxs4 Fks\Lk lkspks] fd xzkeksGksu dh
lqB vius ls d,ls vId ds ckgj tk ldsxh` gka] dksB Hwdai gks tkS] vk,j mi–o gks tkS vk,j lc fgy7Lqy tkS
vk,j 'k;n lqB >Id tkS4 rks dHh7dHh Sslk Hh gqvk g,] djks\L eX Sdk/ vkneh la;ksxo'kr vId ds ckgj gks
x;k g,4 ysfdu la;ksx dks fu;e ugC cuk;k tk ldrk4 vk,j la;ksx viokn g,4 mlds vk/kj ij pydj dksB thou
tc iw<Z xqQ feyrk g, rks tho eX vk,j f'o eX] vk®ek eX vk,j ijek®ek eX dksB Hsn ugC jg tkrk4 vc ;g c\Lk
;g xqQ dh y{<k g,] fd xqQ iw<Z g, ;k ugC4 iw<Z xqQ dh ;g y{<k g,] ;g ∂kbIsfj;u g,] ;g fud"] dlk,Ih g, fd
og rqeeX vk,j ijek®ek eX tjk GdZ u ikSxk4 og rqégX vk,j ijek®ek dks Sd lk gh rk,ysxk4
f'{d rqégkjh Vunk djsxk vk,j ijek®ek dh iz'alk4 og rqégkjs vk,j ijek®ek ds chp Gklyk crkSxk] fd fdruh nwjh
g,4 rqe ikih] rqe ukjdh;2 og rqégkjh Vunk djsxk vk,j ijek®ek dh ¬rqfr djsxk4 og f'{d g,4
iw<Z xqQ ogh g,] tks rqégkjh lkjh Vunk ds tky dks rks\L ns] tks rqégkjh lkjh vk®e≈ykfu dks rks\L ns] tks rqégkjs Hhrj
xgjs vijk/ ds Hko dks rks\L ns] tks rqégX rqégkjs iki dh d¥iuk ds Mij mOkS vk,j rqels dgs38r®oefl æosrdsrq94
rqe ogh gks4 ogh ijek®ek rqe gks4 jRh Hj Hh GdZ ugC g,4 tks rqégX rqégkjs ijek®ek gksus dh rjG txkS4
blfyS xqQ ds ikl rqe Vunk u ikvksxs] ¬ohdkj ikvksxs4 blfyS xqQ dh vka[ eX rqe tjk Hh rqégX vijk/h fl0
djrk gqvk dksB Hko u ikvksxs4 xqQ dh vka[ eX rqe rqégkjs Hhrj fNis ijek®ek dh ¬rqfr gh ikvksxs4
ij rqe Hh viuh Vunk ilan djrs gks2 ;g c\Ls ets dh ckr g,4 lk/kj<rA ge lksprs gT fd yksx Vunk D;kX ilan
djXxs` dksB Vunk ilan ugC djrk4 ysfdu rqe Vunk ilan djrs gks4 dkj< gT mlds6 D;kXfd rqe [qn gh ekurs gks] fd
rqe ijek®ek gks ugC ldrs4 rqégX [qn Hh Hjkslk ugC g,4 rqe lksprs gks pksj gks rqe] csBeku gks rqe] /ks[sckt gks rqe]
d,ls rqe ijek®ek gks ldrs gks` blfyS tc dksB rqégkjh Vunk djrk g,] rc rqe flj fgykrs gks4 rqe Hh gka Hjrs gks4
rqégkjs bl vuqHo ds dkj< rqégkjh Vunk djus okykX dk Sd tky iyrk g,4 os ftruh rqégkjh Vunk djrs gT] mrus gh os
rqégX î;kjs ekywe i\Lrs gT4 yxrk g,] fd ;g vkneh fcydqy Ohd dg jgk g,] D;kXfd ;gh rqégkjk vuqHo Hh g,4
blfyS rqe ns[ksxs] laü;klh le>krs jgrs gT yksxkX dks4 xkfy;ka nsrs jgrs gT pksjh dks] >wO dks] ∂ks/ dks] yksH dks4
vk,j lc pksj] yksHh] ∂ks/h c,Os gqS c\Ls izlau gksrs jgrs gT4 rkyh Hh ctkrs gT] flj Hh fgykrs gT4
D;k dkj< gksxk` rqégkjs vuqHo ls esy [krk g,4 xqQ dh ckr rqégkjs vuqHo ls esy u [k;sxh4 og mlds vuqHo ls
esy [krh g,] rqégkjs vuqHo ls ugC4 xqQ dgrk g,5 8rqe ijek®ek gks49 rqe lqu ysrs gks] lksprs gks] 'k;n2 irk ugC4
exj Hjkslk ugC vkrk4 D;kXfd rqe vius dks HyhHkafr tkurs gks4 vk,j rqeus t,lk vius dks tkuk g, viuh uCn eX]
rqégkjh gkyr Sslh g,] t,ls fdlh us lius eX tkuk gks fd og g®;kjk g,6 vk,j ge mls txk dj dgX fd rw g®;kjk ugC
g,6 vk,j og dgs fd eT d,ls ekuwa` vHh7vHh rks g®;k dh] gkF vHh7vHh rks lq[Z [wu ls Hjs Fs4 vHh rks fdlh
ysfdu eT rqels dgrk gwa fd lHh xqQ ;gh dgrs jgs gT fd rqeus tks Hh fd;k g, cqjk vk,j Hyk6 lc liuk g,4 rqe
l®lax 'çn le>us t,lk g,4 ;g Hh Hkjr dk viuk 'çn g,4 l®lax dk vFZ gksrk g,] xqQ ds lkF gksuk3flGZ lkF
gksuk] xqQ ds ikl gksuk4 Sd lehirk] vk®eh;rk2 cl] bruk dkGh g,4
t,ls o,Kkfud dgrs gT] d,IfyfId StXI gksrk g,] ftldh ek,twnxh eX ?IukSa ?I tkrh gT fcuk mlds lg;ksx ds4 xqQ
dqN djrk ugC4 vxj rqe mldh ek,twnxh eX ek,twn gks tkvks] vxj rqe mlds vkHk7eaLy eX ¬uku dj tkvks] vxj
viuh uk,dk mlds txr eX Nks\L nks vk,j mlds lkF cg tkvks6 vxj rqe Fks\Lh nsj mlds rhFZ eX ¬uku dj yks] rks
ysfdu xqQ ds ikl gksuk c\Lh dyk g,4 c\Lk /,;Z pkfgS] c\Lk larks" pkfgS4 t¥nckth dke u vkSxh4 ekax ls rqe
xqQ ls nwj gks tkvksxs4 fcuk ekaxs mlds ikl jgks4 rqe ;g Hh er dgks] fd dc ?Isxh ?Iuk` rqe flGZ izrh{k djks
tc Hh rqe iwjs gksvksxs] tc Hh ?\Lh idsxh] tc Hh ek,le vkSxk3vk,j gj pht dk ek,le g,6 vk,j gj ckr dh
?\Lh g,6 vk,j gj pht ds idus dk le; g,3tc Hh idksxs] xqQ dh utj rqe ij i\Lsxh4
og lnk ek,twn g,] rqe Hj ek,twn gks tkvks4 tc rqégkjh nksukX dh ek,twnfx;ka fey tkSaxh6 t,ls Sd cq>k gqvk nh;k
tys gqS nh;s ds djhc3vk,j djhc] vk,j djhc vkrk tkS vk,j Sd {< eX yiI Nykax ys ys6 tyrk gqvk nh;k
etk ;g g, fd tyrs gqS nh;s dk dqN [ksrk ugC] mldh †;ksfr eX dksB deh ugC vkrh4 gtkj nh;s ty tkSa mlls]
rks Hh mldh †;ksfr 8mldh †;ksfr9 cuh jgrh g,4 dksB GdZ ugC i\Lrk4 cq>s gqS nh;kX dks cgqr fey tkrk g, vk,j tys
ekaxks er4 D;kXfd ekaxus dk dksB loky ugC g,4 djhc gksus dk Sd {< g,] Sd [kl nwjh g,] Sd [kl lehirk g,]
D;k djrs gks] tc rqe cq>s nh;s dks tykrs gks tys ds ikl ykdj` nksukX dks ikl ykrs gks4 GhI Hj nwj j[ksxs] fdruk
gh 'ksjxqy epkvks] yiI ugC mOsxh4 ikl ykvks] ikl ykvks3Sd [kl {< g,] tc rqégkjs fcuk dgs Nykax yx
tkrh g,4
vk,j l®lax dk Sd gh mik; g,] fd rqe le√ir gks tkvks4 rqe Nks\Ls nks4 rqe mlh ij Nks\L nks viuk Hfo‘; Hh]
vius gksus dh laHkouk Hh4 rqe vius dks id\Ls er jgks] D;kXfd rqégkjh id\L xqQ dks ek,dk u nsxh fd rqégkjs Hhrj
mlds n'Zu ls gh Hze Hkx tkrk g,] cl rqe ikl vkvks4 rqe xqQ dks Ohd ls ns[ yks4
xqQ dks Ohd ls ns[us eX gh irk pyrk g,] fd rqeus vius dks Hh ns[ fy;k4 xqQ rks Sd niZ< cu tkrk g,4 mleX rqe
xqQ rks ¬o;a feI pqdk g,] blfyS xqQ g,4 vxj 8g,9 rks mlds rqe fdrus gh ikl vkvks] rqe vius dks u ns[ ikvksxs4
rqe xqQ dks gh ns[ ikvksxs4 xqQ rks ogh g,] tks feI pqdk g,] 'wü; gks x;k4 og rks Sd Sslh >hy g,] ftldh lc
rjax [ks xB4 vc og niZ< g,4 rqe t,ls7t,ls djhc vkvksxs] rqégX xqQ ugC feysxk] rqe gh feyksxs4 rqégX viuh gh
>yd fn[kB i\Lsxh4 rqe Sd fnu ikvksxs] fd xqQ niZ< gks x;k4 mlus rqégX rqégC dks crk fn;k4
fo|kihO g,4 ;gka fo|kFñ tks vuqRh<Z gks tkrs gT] os gh okil yk,I vkrs gT4 tks mRh<Z gks tkrs gT] os eqDr gks tkrs gT4
ysfdu rqe vius gh lgkjs vius va/sjs ds ckgj u vk ldksxs4 [kstks dksB gkF] tks rqégX [Cp ys va/dkj ls ckgj4
[kstks dksB ø;fDr] tks rqégkjh Vunk u djs4 [kstks dksB] tks rqégX vijk/ ls u Hjs4 [kstks dksB] tks rqégkjs ijek®ek dk
cks/ rqégX ns4 tks rqégkjs Hhrj dh ije lRk3tks lnk vdyqf"r g,] lnk dqavkjh g,] tks lnk rkth vk,j ifo_ g,]
ftlds vifo_ gksus dks dksB mik; ugC] mldh rqégX ¬e1fr txkS4 tks rqégX rqégkjs gh ¬ej< ls Hj ns4
[kstks xqQ4 vk,j xqQ ds ikl dqN cgqr djus dks ugC g,4 xqQ ds ikl flGZ rqe ek,twn gks tkvks3[qys] müeqDr2
}kj7njokts can er j[ks4 mldh jks'uh rqégkjs Hhrj ds cq>s nh;s dks tyk ldrh g,4
ckjgoka izopu
xqQ e1®;q g,
izæulkj
lw_kX dh vis{k gekjs izæukX ds mRj eX vkids izopu vf/d vπNs yxrs gT4 Sslk D;kX`
f'{d nsrk g, Kku vk,j xqQ nsrk g, ÷;ku4 ÷;ku nsus dk D;k vFZ g,`
vkius dgk] f'‘; dh tWjr vk,j f¬Ffr ds vuqlkj lnxqQ ekxZ7n'Zu djrk g,4 vkids dFu eX vk¬Fk ds ckotwn
vk'k ls vkdk' Iaxk g,4 D;k vk'k Nks\Lus ls vkdk' fxj u tkSxk`
igyk izæu A vki tc fdügC lw_kX ij cksyrs gT] rks mlls Hh †;knk vπNk yxrk g,] tc vki gekjs izæukX ds mRj nsrs
¬okHkfod g,4 vtqZu dk izæu gks] Α< dk mRj gks] rqégkjk mlls D;k ysuk7nsuk` c\Lk Gklyk g,4 ftKklk gks
ldrh g,] vk®eh;rk ugC gks ldrh4 og izæuksRj 'k¬_h; gks x;k] thoar u jgk4 tc rqe iwNrs gks] rks rqégkjs izæu eX
rqégkjk Ôn; /\Ldrk g,4 rqe mleX ek,twn gksrs gks4 og rqégkjh tWjr g,4 rqégkjh Hw[] rqégkjh î;kl mleX fNih
g,4¬oHkorA rqégkjs izæu dk mRj rqégX Sd r1fîr nsrk g,4 o,lh gh r1fîr vtqZu dks Hh gqB gksxh Α< ds mRj ls4 rqégkjk
izæu gksrk vk,j Α< mRj nsrs rks vtqZu dh Hh r1fîr u gksrh4viuk izæu [kst ysuk cgqr tWjh g,4eq>s dksB Hsn ugC
i\Lrk4 D;kXfd eT ns[rk gwa fd vtqZu dk tks izæu g,] og dHh u dHh rqégkjk Hh cu tkSxk4 blhfyS lw_kX ij Hh
cksyrk gwa] vü;Fk cksywa gh ugC4 vkt rqégX Hh irk u gks] fd dy rqégkjk izæu D;k cu tkus okyk g,4 ysfdu 'k¬_kX
dk fuekZ< gh blfyS fd;k x;k g,4 os c\Lh xgu [kst7chu ls fu√er gqS gT4 og [kst7chu ;g g,] fd tks ø;fDr
Hh ekxZ ij pyk g, l®; dks [kstus] vkt ugC dy vtqZu ds izæu mlds eu eX mOXxs gh4mügC lkjHwr izæukX ds mRj
xhrk eX fnS gT4 ;k mügC lkjHwr izæukX ds mRj ckbfcy eX gT] dqjku eX gT] tks gj [ksth dks mOXxs gh4ysfdu fGj Hh
tc rqégkjk izæu rqégkjs ok¬_kX eX vk,j rqégkjs 'çnkX eX vkrk g,] rks laokn dh laHkouk c\Prh g,4 vü;Fk lc m/kj
ekywe i\Lrk g,] og rqégkjs flj ij ls fudy tkrk yxrk g,] t,ls rqels dqN ysuk7nsuk u Fk4eTus lquk g,] Sd vkneh
cgqr ijs'ku Fk4 mldk csIk fookg djus dks jkth ugC gksrk Fk4 cgqr le>k;k7cq>k;k] mez Hh chrus ds djhc gksus
yxh4 cgqr vkxzg fd;k rks ckeqfædy og jkth gqvk4 ysfdu mlus Sd Sslh y\Ldh pqu yh i\Lksl eX] fd cki jkth
u Fk ml y\Ldh ls4 vk,j csIk ftn id\L x;k fd vc 'knh dWaxk rks blh ls6 ugC rks ugC dWaxk4 vki gh ihNs
i\Ls Fs] 'knh djks] 'knh djks6 vc y\Ldh eTus pqu yh] rks vkidks Srjkt g,2 Srjkt D;k g,` dkj< crkvks4y\Ldh
laqnj Fh] f'f{r Fh] lqla¬Îr Fh4 vk,j y\Lds us dgk] vxj dkj< ugC crk ldrs rks ;g 'knh dh ckr lnk ds
fyS Hwy gh tkvks6 ;k dkj< crk nks4etcwjh eX cki dks dkj< crkuk i\Lk4 cki us dgk rw ekurk ugC rks rq>ls
dgrk gwa fd og y\Ldh rsjh cgu g,4 og eq>ls gh i,nk gqB g,] blfyS mlls fookg Ohd u gksxk4cgqr /Ddk yxk
csIs dks4 cki ij lkjh J0k Hh [ks xB4 c\Lk vk?kr Fk] Sd ?ko cu x;k Ôn; eX4 fdlh vk,j ls rks u dg ldk]
ysfdu viuh eka ls rks dgk4 vk,j eka cgqr izlU Fh] fd mlus y\Ldh pqu yh g, vk,j t¥nh gh fookg gksxk4 eka ls
mlus dgk] fd Sslh7Sslh ckr g,4 vc vlaHo g,4 eka us dgk] rw fcydqy ?c\Lk gh er4 rw tk vk,j 'knh dj4 Vprk
dh dksB tWjr ugC] D;kXfd rw rsjs cki ls i,nk gh ugC gqvk g,4u y\Ldh vius cki ls i,nk gqB g,] u y\Ldk vius cki
ls i,nk gqvk g,4u izæu rqégkjk g,] u mRj rqégkjs Ôn; ds ikl igqap ikSxk4 lc m/kj jg tkSxk4 bl izæu vk,j mRj
dk fookg u gks ldsxk] laokn u gks ldsxk4 esy u gks ldsxk4blfyS loky ;g ugC g, fd izæu ew¥;oku g, ;k
ugC] xgjs eX loky ;gh g, fd og rqégkjk g, ;k ugC4 fdlh vk,j us xgjs ls xgjk loky iwNk gks] og rqégkjs fyS
fNNyk g,4 D;kXfd xgjkB rks rqégkjs izk<kX ls vkrh g,] fdlh ds iwNus ls ugC vkrh4 vk,j rqeus NksIk7lk loky iwNk
gks] nqfu;k ukle>h dk dgs6 ysfdu rqégkjs izk<kX ls vk;k g,] rqeus u ekywe fdrus fnukX rd mldks vius Ôn; eX
légkyk g,] lkspk g,] xquk g,] liukX eX og izæu rqégkjs xwatk g,] rks rqeus mls ikyk7ikslk g,4 og rqégkjs xHZ eX fu√er
gqvk g,4 og rqégkjh larku g,4 mlls rqégkjk Sd laca/ g,] xgjk laca/ g,4 ml izæu ds }kjk rqe gh izdI gqS
gks4blfyS tc eT mls mRj nsrk gwa] rc rqégkjs daO eX Sd larks" ekywe i\Lrk g, vk,j izk<kX eX Sd r1fîr4 dqN gy
nwljk izæu tc xqQ f'‘; dh ek,r gh g,] rks >Ids ls D;kX ugC ekj Lkyrs` gyky D;kX djrs gT` dkj< g,4 Sd NksIh
dgkuh ls dgwa4Sd vkneh nkar ds LkDIj ds ikl x;k4 mldk nkar fudkyk x;k4 ysfdu mlus bruk 'ksjxqy epk;k
fcy lk/kj< ls vkO xquk †;knk Fk4 ml vkneh us dgk] D;k etkd dj jgs gks` dHh lquk g,] Sd nkar fudkyus
dk bruk i,lk` ;g rks vkO7nl xquk †;knk ekywe i\Lrk g,4ml LkDIj us dgk] fd ugC] os tks vkO ejht Hkx xS]
mudk i,lk dk,u nsxk`rqégX Sd >Ids ls rks ekj Lkywa] exj vk,j ejht Hkx tkSaxs4 Ssls /hjs7/hjs gyky djuk i\Lrk
g,4 vk,j t,ls7t,ls rqe r,;kj gksrs gks] o,ls7o,ls gh ekjs tk ldrs gks4 D;kXfd e1®;q dksB lk/kj< ?Iuk ugC g,4xqQ ds
ikl tks e1®;q ?fIr gksrh g,] og rks ije ?Iuk g,4 og rks ije thou dk }kj g,4 mldh rqégkjh r,;kjh Hh rks gksuh
pkfgS4 og dksB vk®eg®;k Fks\Ls gh g,] fd ftlus pkgk] mlus dj yh4 vk®eg®;k ds fyS dksB xq</eZ rks ugC
pkfgS4 dksB Hh dwn i\Ls igk\L ls ej tkSxk4 ikuh eX fxj i\Ls] Lwc tkSxk4 dqSa eX fxj tkS] ej tkSxk4 tgj [k
ys4vk®eg®;k rks ugC g,] xqQ ds ikl tks ?Iuk ?Irh g,] og rks ije7e1®;q g,4 mldks gh rks geus lekf/ dgk g,4;g
gekjk 'çn 8lekf/8 c\Lk cgqew¥; g,4 tc laü;klh ejrk g, rks mldh dcz dks Hh ge lekf/ dgrs gT4 vk,j tc dksB
ø;fDr ÷;ku dks miyç/ gksrk g, rc Hh mldks ge lekf/ dgrs gT4 og Hh Sd dcz cu xB4iqjkuk rks x;k] ugC
cpk6 uS dk tüe gqvk4 jkr IwI xB] lqcg gqB4 vc lqcg dk jkr ls D;k ysuk7nsuk` lqcg dk lwjt vk,j lqcg
if{;kX ds xhr vk,j vkdk' eX G,yk fdj<kX dk tky] blls D;k laca/ g, ml va/sjh jkr dk] tks vHh7vHh Fh` jkr
rks ej xB4 jkr eX vk,j fnu eX dksB flyflyk Fks\Ls gh g,2 jke vk,j fnu fdlh Sd gh pht dk G,yko Fks\Ls gh ekyqe
gksrs gT4 nksukX ds chp Sd varjky g,4 jkr jkr g,] fnu fnu g,4 tc ÷;ku xgjk gksxk rks rqe vpkud ikvksxs fd
rqégkjk tks dy rd Fk] rqégkjk vrhr] og Ssls gh pyk x;k] t,ls lqcg jkr [ks tkrh g,4 vk,j Sd uS ø;fDr®o dk
tüe gqvk] Sd uB vk®ek fcydqy dqavkjh vk,j rkth i,nk gqB6 ftlls rqe vifjfpr Fs] ftls rqeus dHh tkuk gh u
Fk4 ;g }kj Hh g, rqégkjs Hhrj4 ;g rqeus dHh [ksyk gh u Fk4vk,j bl }kj ds Hhrj ijek®ek fojkteku g, Vlgklu
ij4 bldh rqégX dHh Hud Hh u i\Lh Fh4 rqe rks vius ?j ds ckgj7ckgj th fyS Fs4 rqe rks Hhrj dHh vkS gh u
Fs4 ;g tks Hhrj vk;k g,] og fcydqy u;k g,4 e1®;q dk ;gh vFZ g,4xqQ e1®;q g,6 bldk vFZ g,] fd xqQ ds ikl
rqégkjk vrhr] rqégkjk tjkth<Z] rqégkjk iqjkuk ejsxk6 vfHuo dk] vyk,fdd dk] vKkr dk tüe gksxk4;g
vk®eg®;k gksrh rks Sd {< eX Hh gks tkrh4 r,;kj gksuk i\Lsxk4 ;g e1®;q rqégkjh r,;kjh ls vkSxh4 ;g rks rqégX vgadkj
dks Nks\Lus dh {erk vkSxh] rHh gks ldrh g,4 ;g xqQ ds gkF eX ugC g,] fd og rqégX gyky dj ns ;k >Ids ls ekj
Lkys4 /hjs7/hjs ekjs] ;k t¥nh ekj Lkys6 ;g rqégkjs gkF eX g,4 vxj rqe jkth gks] rks Sd {< eX Hh xqQ ekj Lky
ldrk g,4 xqQ dks D;k v\Lpu g,` rqégkjh nsj ls gh nsj gksrh g,4 ysfdu rqe jkth ugC gks] blfyS xqQ rqégX yqHkrk g,]
le>krk g,] cq>krk g,] jkth djrk g,4 gtkj ckrX le>krk g,] ftuds fcuk le>kS py tkrk4 ysfdu rc rqe Hkx
[\Ls gksrs4 rc rqe Lj tkrs4 rc rqe H;Hhr gks tkrs4D;kXfd rqe rks e1®;q dk vFZ Sd gh tkurs gks3ej tkuk] feI
tkuk4 og nwljk vFZ] fd e1®;q ds ckn Sd iquQ†thou g,] og rks rqégX irk ugC g,4 og xqQ dks irk gksxk] ysfdu
mldk irk gksuk rqégkjs dke ugC vk ldrk4 rqe rks mlds gkF eX Nqjh ns[dj ?c\Lk tkvksxs4rks og Nqjh fNikdj
j[rk g,4 GwykX eX Pkadrk g,4 'çnkX vk,j fl0karkX eX j[rk g,4 'k¬_kX eX nck nsrk g,4 og rqégX ns[us ugC nsrk4 og
rqégX mlh fnu ns[us nsxk] ftl fnu rqégX bl cks/ dh Fks\Lh lh Hud i\Luh 'qW gks tkSxh] fd ejs fcuk egkthou
ugC feyrk4 feIs fcuk ijek®ek gksus dk dksB mik; ugC4 [ksuk gh ikuk g,4ftl fnu rqe jkth gks tkvksxs] t,ls lkxj
eX unh [ksus dks jkth gks tkrh g,] fxj tkrh g,] rks [ksrh Fks\Ls gh g,2 iwjk lkxj mldk viuk gks tkrk g,4ysfdu mlds
fyS rks unh dks Hh c\Lh yach ;k_k djuh i\Lrh g,4 xaxks_h ls ysdj leq– rd vkrs7vkrs xaxk dks fdruh ;k_k djuh
i\Lrh g,2 vxj xaxks_h ij gh lkxj dgrk] fd lqu] fxj tk eq> eX6 rks xaxk jkth ugC gks ldrh4xaxk Hh dgrh] vHh
rks gqB Hh ugC4 ;g rks xHZikr gks tkSxk4 bl lkxj ls rks xaxk ?c\Lkrh4 ysfdu lkxj c\Lk nwj g,] mldk irk gh
ugC4 xaxk mlh dks [kstrh gqB vuar ;k_k djrh g,4 mlh xaxk ds fdukjs rhFZ curs pys tkrs gT4geus D;kX ufn;kX ds
fdukjs rhFZ cukS gT` dkj< g,4 D;kXfd ufn;ka lkxj dh rjG tk jgh gT] [ksus dh rjG tk jgh gT] feIus dh rjG tk
g,3lc2 lkjh xkaOX [qy tkrh gT4 rqe fuxzqF gks tkrs gks4xqQ ds ikl tks e1®;q ?fIr gksrh g,] og egkthou g,4
mlds fyS r,;kj gksuk tWjh g,4 rqégkjk brus dgus ls fd rqe ejus dks r,;kj gks] dkGh ugC g,4 rqégX thus ds fyS
r,;kj gksuk tWjh g,4vk,j eT rqels tks vkf[jh ckr bl laca/ eX dguk pkgawxk] og ;g g, fd nqfu;k eX cgqr yksx gT]
tks ejus dks r,;kj gT4 nqfu;k eX cgqr de yksx gT] tks thus dks r,;kj gT4 vxj rqégX pkfgS gkX ejus ds fyS yksx] rks
cgqr fey tkrs gT4 'ghn gksus ds fyS cgqr ikxy r,;kj gT4Vgnw /eZ [rjs eX g,] cgqr ls ukle> ejus dks r,;kj gks
tkSaxs4 b¬yke [rjs eX g,] cgqr ls ukle> dwn dj ej tkSaxs4 Hkjr ij geyk gks tkS] ikfd¬rku ls >x\Lk gks
tkS] phu ls gks tkS] ejus dks yksx r,;kj gT4ejuk rks fcydqy vklku ekywe i\Lrk g,4 D;kX`D;kXfd rqégkjk thou
brus nqA[ ls Hjk g,4 bl nqA[ eX rqe th gh ugC ik jgs gks4 blfyS rqe dksB Hh cgkuk [kst dj ejus ds fyS r,;kj gks
tkrs gks4 tjk lh ckr gks tkrh g,3fnokyk fudy x;k6 D;k gqvk g, fnokyk fudy tkus eX` tks jde ds vkad\Ls
rqégkjs uke fy[s Fs cTd eX] vc ugC fy[s4 tks dkxt ds Iqd\Ls rqégkjh frtks\Lh eX Fs] vc ugC gT4 fnokyk fudy
x;k] tku [ksus dks r,;kj gks2 dwn i\Ls c\Ls edku ls2 vkx yxk yh2i®uh ej xB] ejus dks r,;kj gks4 ftlds thus ls
dHh dksB jl u ik;k Fk] mlds fyS ejus dks r,;kj gks2 cπpk ej x;k2 ftl cπps ds psgjs dks ns[us dh rqégX dHh
Gqjlr u feyh Fh] mlds fyS ejus dks r,;kj gks2Sslk yxrk g,] rqe cgkuk gh [kst jgs gks] fd dksB cgkuk fey tkS
fd ge ej tkSa4 thuk rks cks> g,4ugC] vlyh 'ghn eT mügX dgrk gaw] tks thus dh fgéer j[rs gT4 ejrs rks dk;j gT4
pkgs os 'ghnxh dk ckuk vks\P yX] 'ghnkX ds di\Ls vks\P yX6 blls dksB GdZ ugC i\Lrk4 jk‘I≠] /eZ3gtkj rjg ds
ikxyiu gT] ftuds fyS vkneh ej ldrk g,4thuk vlyh loky g,4 thuk dfOu g,4 vk,j tks vkneh th ldrk g,]
ogh ijek®ek rd igaqprk g,4blfyS xqQ dks tks ge e1®;q dgrs gT] og flGZ bl vFZ eX dgrs gT fd rqe t,ls gks] o,ls
ejksxs4 rqe ejksxs ugC] o¬rqrA rks rqe vk,j Hh iquQ†thfor gks tkvksxs4 rqe {q– dh rjg ejksxs vk,j fojkI dh rjg gks
tkvksxs4rks xqQ e1®;q Hh g, vk,j tüe Hh4 va/dkj dh e1®;q vk,j izdk' dk tüe4 ysfdu va/dkj rHh feI ldrk g,]
tc izdk' ds tyus dh ?\Lh djhc vk tkS4 vk,j rks va/dkj feIkus dk dksB mik; ugC g,4rks rqe t¥nh er djks4
rqégkjk eu c\Lk csp,u g, vk,j t¥nh pkgrk g,6 lc phtX t¥nh gks tkSa4 ysfdu dqN phtX gT] tks le; ekaxrh gT4 vk,j
ftruh c\Lh phtX gT] mruk gh †;knk le; ekaxrh gT4vxj rqégX ek,leh Gwy yxkus gT] rks vkt cks nks6 rhu7pkj
lîrkg eX Gwy vkus 'qW gks tkSaxs4 ysfdu vxj rqégX Ssls o1{ yxkus gT] tks gtkjkX lky rd jgX] vk,j ftuds uhps
yk[kX yksxkX dks foJke vk,j Nk;k feys] rks rhu lîrkg eX vkus okys ugC gT6 rks oDr yxsxk4 rks gks ldrk g,] rqégX
iwjk thou yxk nsuk i\Ls] rc Ssls o1{ rqe i,nk dj ikvks4vejhdk ds taxykX eX Ssls o1{ gT] ftudh mez ikap gtkj
lky g,4 ikap gtkj lky tks o1{ thrk g,] mldks Sd vkneh vius thou eX] Sd thou eX ugC yxk ikrk4 mldks
yxkus ds fyS vusd yksxkX ds vusd thou yx tkrs gT4rqe ftl o1{ dh [kst eX gks3vk®ek dk] ijek®ek dk]
eks{ dk] og dksB rqe t¥nh eX u yxk ikvksxs4 b/j rqeus pkgk] m/j yx x;k] Sslk u gksxk4 og dksB d¥iuk dk
o1{ ugC g,4 og dksB d¥io1{ ugC g,] fd rqeus pkgk vk,j gks x;k4rqégX c\Lh lk/uk ls xqtjuk i\Lsxk] fu[juk
i\Lsxk] 'q0 gksuk i\Lsxk4 ftl fnu rqe ije Wi eX vk tkvksxs] mlh {< og ?\Lh ?Isxh4 mlh {< feyu gksxk4
mlh {< ijek®ek dk cht rqégkjs Hhrj i\Lrk g,4 rqe ej tkrs gks vk,j ijek®ek gks tkrk g,4ƒƒM7SM 1 æ¿rhljk izæu A
< vkius dgk fd f'{d nsrk g, Kku vk,j xqQ nsrk g, ÷;ku4 ÷;ku nsus dk D;k vFZ g,`Kku vk,j ÷;ku c\Ls la;qDr gT4
Kku dk vFZ g,] tkudkjh vk,j tkudkjh ls Hjk gqvk fpR4 vk,j ÷;ku dk vFZ g,] tkudkjh ls 'wü; fpR4t,ls Sd
dejs eX Guñpj Hjk g,3;g Kku dh vo¬Fk4 fGj Guñpj dejs ds ckgj fudky fn;k] dejk fcydqy
[kyh3;g ÷;ku dh vo¬Fk4 ÷;ku mlh dk vHko g,] Kku ftldk Hko g,4 Kku eX tks dw\Lk7djdI rqe bdØk dj
ysrs gks3'çn] fl0kar] 'k¬_6 ÷;ku eX os lc Nks\L nsus gksrs gT4f'{d nsrk g, Kku vk,j xqQ nsrk g, ÷;ku6 bldk
vFZ gqvk fd f'{d tks nsrk g,] xqQ og Nhu ysrk g,4 rks rqeus tks Hh lh[k g, thou ds fo|ky; eX] tks Hh vuqHo]
lax1ghr fd;k g,] xqQ lc Nhu ysxk4 og lc eX ekfpl yxk nsxk4 og lcdks tyk nsxk4og rqégkjs eu ds iwjs
Guñpj ls rqégX [kyh dj nsuk pkgrk g,4 ml [kyhiu eX gh rqégX igyh ckj vius fo¬rkj dk irk pyrk g,4 ml
[kyhiu eX gh rqégX igyh nGk 'kafr dh fdj< mrjrh ekywe gksrh g,4 ml [kyhiu eX gh rqégX irk pyrk g,] fd
vgadkj ugC g,] ijek®ek g,4 rqe ugC gks] og g,4 8vkse. rr. lr.8 dk cks/ mlh {< eX gksrk g,4rks ÷;ku vk,j Kku dh
izf∂;kSa fcydqy vyx gT4 ÷;ku Hwyus dk uke g,] [kyh gksus dk uke g,4t,ls ¬ysI ij cπps us dqN fy[k g, vk,j
fGj ikXN Lkyk g,] Ssls lalkj us tks7tks rqégkjs eu ij fy[ fn;k g,] mls ikXN Lkyus dk uke ÷;ku g,4 ÷;ku dks
dsoy os gh yksx miyç/ gks ldrs gT] tks Kku ls cgqr ijs'ku gks xS gkX4 vxj rqe vHh aKku ls ijs'ku ugC gqS] rks
rqe ÷;ku dks miyç/ u gks ldksxs4 vk,j tgka ÷;ku dh o"kZ gks jgh gksxh] ogka ls Hh rqe dqN lh[ dj yk,I
vkvksxs4Sslk gqvk] fd mUhl lk, ipkl eX Sd fdrkc esjs gkF vkB4 Sd t,u lk÷oh us ;ksx'k¬_ ij Sd fdrkc
fy[h Fh4 t,ukX eX Sd vnHqr ;ksxh gqvk] gsepa–kpk;Z4 rks gsepa– ds lw_ ij mlus og fdrkc vk/kfjr dh Fh4
gsepa– ds lw_ c\Ls vuwOs gT4 t,ls iratfy ds lw_ vuwOs gT] Ssls gsepa– ds gT4 iratfy dh dksfI dk vkneh g, gsepa–
4rks gsepa– ds lw_kX ls laca/ tks\Ldj ml efgyk us fdrkc fy[h4 fdrkc mlus c\Lh cf\P;k fy[h Fh4 ysfdu eT c\Lh
my>u eX i\Lk] D;kXfd lc Ohd Fk] ysfdu dqN7dqN xyr Fk6 tks fd ugC gks ldrk4 vxj mlus vuqHo ls fy[k
gks] ÷;ku dk mls vuqHo gks] rks tks HwyX mlus dC FC] os ugC gks ldrC4 ijs'kuh esjh ;g Fh] fd tks Hh mlus fy[k
Fk] og cgqr lkG7lqFjk vk,j Sslk yxrk Fk] t,ls fdlh us vuqHo ls fy[k gks4 ysfdu dqN HwyX Hh FC] tks crkrh
FC fd vuqHo okyk vkneh os HwyX ugC dj ldrk4[,j2 ckr vkB7xB gks xB4 eT ml fdrkc dks Hwy x;k4 dksB ia–
g lky ckn] mUhl lk, iTlO eX eT jkt¬Fku ds nk,js ij Fk] Sd xkao eX og lk÷oh eq>ls feyus vkB4 uke eq>s dqN
igpkuk gqvk ekywe i\Lk] rks eTus mlls iwNk fd D;k gsepa– ds Mij ;ksx'k¬_ rqégC us fy[k`mlus dgk] eTus gh
fy[k4rks eTus mlls iwNk] rqe esjs ikl fdlfyS vkB gks`mlus dgk] ÷;ku lh[us vkB gaw4rqeus rks ÷;ku vk,j ;ksx
ij bruh vπNh fdrkc fy[h4mlus dgk] og cl] 'k¬_ dks i\Pdj fy[h g,4 tkudkjh eq>s dqN Hh ugC g,4 viuh
tkudkjh ugC g,4 [qn ugC tkuk g,4 vk,j vc eT ml fdrkc dks fy[dj c\Lh eqfædy eX i\L xB gaw4 yksx esjs ikl
iwNus vkrs gT4 vk,j eT mudks crkrh gaw] fd d,ls ÷;ku djks4 vc ;g rks vkils eT futh] Sdkar eX dg jgh gaw eq>s
÷;ku dk v] c] l Hh ugC vkrk4 vki eq>s fl[kSa4;g py jgk g,4 cgqr tksj ls py jgk g,4 lnk ls pyrk jgk g,
Sd vFkë eX4vxj Kku dh tkudkjh ls vHh r1fîr u gks xB gks] rks tgka ÷;ku dh o"kZ gks jgh g,] ogka Hh rqe ÷;ku ds
laca/ eX dqN lh[dj yk,I tkvksxs] ÷;ku u lh[ ikvksxs4 D;kXfd ÷;ku ds laca/ eX tkuuk] ÷;ku tkuuk ugC g,4
÷;ku tkuuk rks Sd c\Lh ∂kafr g,4 ÷;ku tkuus dk rks vFZ g,] rqégkjk vkewy Wikarj<4 og rks Sd vuqHo g,4 egk
vuqHo g,4 ml vuqHo eX rks tkudkjh fcydqy fey tkrh g,4 rqe gh cprs gks [kfyl4 lksuk gh cprk g,]
dw\Lk7djdI ty tkrk g,4xqQ nsrk g, ÷;ku] bldk vFZ g, fd xqQ Nhu ysrk g, Kku4 vk,j tgka rqégX Sslk xqQ feys]
tks rqels Kku Nhurk gks] ogka fgéer djds Qd tkuk4 D;kXfd ogka ls Hkxus dk eu gksxk4 D;kXfd ;gka ge rks dqN
ysus vkS Fs] m¥Ik vk,j xaokus yxs4vkneh ysus ds fyS ?we jgk g,4 dgC ls Hh dqN fey tkS rks Fks\Lk vk,j viuh
léifR c\Pk ys4 viuh frtks\Lh eX Fks\Lh tkudkjh vk,j j[ ys] Fks\Lk vk,j iafLr gks tkS4Sd teZu [ksth je< ds ikl
vk;k vk,j mlus dgk] fd eT vkids pj<kX eX vk;k gaw dqN lh[us4 vki eq>s fl[kSa4 je< us dgk] rqe xyr txg
vk xS4 vxj lh[uk g,] rks dgC vk,j tkvks4 vxj Hwyuk g,] rks ge jkth gT4jeu ds opu gT] bG ;w g,o de Iq yuZ
nsu ;w g,o de Iq fn jkax ijlu4 bG ;w vkj jsLh Iq vuyuZ nsu vkB Se jsLh Iw gs¥i ;w4vuyuZ2 vxj vu7lh[us
dks jkth gks vxj lh[us dks vkS gks3dgC vk,j 4 [kstks dksB f'{d4 vxj vu7lh[uk djus vkS gks] lh[ pqds
cgqr] Fd xS] vc bl dpjs ls NqIdkjk ikuk g,3rks xqQ jkth g,4÷;ku] tks rqeus tkuk g, vc rd] mlds Hwy
tkus dk uke g,4 vc ;g c\Ls ets dh ckr g,4 ftl fnu rqeus tks7tks tkuk g,] mls rqe fcydqy fo¬ej< dj nksxs]
rqégkjs vk,j rqégkjs tkuus ds chp eX rqégkjh tkudkjh dh nhoky [\Lh gks xB g,4vxj rqégX ¬o;a dks tkuuk g,] rks vk,j
lc tkuus ds o¬_ mrkjdj j[ nks4 ¬o;a dk tkuuk rHh ?Irk g,] tc vk,j dksB tkuus dk Hhrj mi–o ugC jg
tkrk4 lc tkuuk 'wü; gks tkrk g,] rc vkrh g, vk®e7¬e1fr6 dchj mldks 8lqjfr8 dgrs gT4 rc gksrk g,
vk®e7¬ej<4 rc vkneh ¬o7foosd ls Hj tkrk g,] vk®eKku ls4vk®eKku dksB tkudkjh ugC g,4 D;kXfd og rks
rqe gks gh4 rqégkjh tkudkfj;kX ds in∆ tjk gI tkSa] Fks\Lk rqe ?aw?I ds iI [ksyks] rks nqygu rks Hhrj fNih g,3og
rqégC gks4 ysfdu ?aw?I ds iI cgqr †;knk ?us gks xS gT4 rqe ?aw?I dk iI Lkys gqS niZ< ds lkeus [\Ls gks] dqN
fn[kB ugC i\Lrk4 tjk ?aw?I dk iI [ksyks] rqégX viuh Nfo fn[kB i\Luh 'qW gks tkSxh4;g lkjk vf¬r®o niZ<
g,4 ftl fnu rqégkjh vka[ ij ?aw?I ugC gksrk] ml fnu rqégX viuh Nfo lc txg fn[kB i\Lus yxrh g,4 pkan7rkjs
rqégC dks xqatkrs gT4 i{h rqégkjk gh xhr xkrs gT4 >jus rqégkjk gh dy7dy ukn djrs gT4 Gwy rqégC dks f[ykrs gT4 rqe
gh bl vf¬r®o eX Gwys7Gwys lekS gqS gksrs gks4ysfdu Sd 'rZ vfuok;Z g,6 fd lc tkudkjh gIk dj j[ nh tkS4
l®; rd tkuk gks] rks fuoZ¬_ tkuk gksxk4 l®; rd tkuk gks] rks tkuus ds lkjs o¬_ Nks\L nsus gkXxs4 l®; rd dksB
u≈u gksdj] 'wü; gksdj gh igaqprk g,4 'wü;rk ;kuh ÷;ku4ƒƒM7SM 1 æ¿pk,Fk izæu A < vkius dgk] fd xqQ fl[krk
ugC] feIkrk g,4 ysfdu vki rks izfr fnu cksy7cksy dj geX fl[krs gh pys tkrs gT4 vkids lrr cksyus eX feIkus
dh dk,u lh izf∂;k fNih g,`esjs cksyus ls nksukX ckrX gks ldrh gT4 vxj rqe dqN lh[us vkS gks] rqe lh[dj yk,I
tkvksxs4 vxj rqe dqN Hwyus vkS gks] rqe Hwydj Qd tkvksxs4 esjs cksyus ls] rqégkjs Mij fuHZj g,] fd D;k rqe
djksxs4tks iafLr Pax ds yksx gT] os Hh ;gka ek,twn gT4 os esjh ckrkX dks daO¬F dj yXxs4 os rksrs gks tkSaxs4 os rksrs
gksdj yk,I tkSaxs4 os tkdj tks mügkXus lh[ fy;k g,] og nwljkX dks fl[kus yxXxs4 os pwd xS4 os esjs ikl vkS gh
ugC4 tks os ysdj xS] og rks dgC vk,j Hh ys ldrs Fs4 og ikuh bl dqSa dk ikuh gh u Fk4 os î;kls gh yk,I xS4
;k dqSa dh r¬ohj ysdj yk,I xS4 ;k dqSa ij tks ihusokykX dh Hh\L Fh] mudh ckrphr lqudj gh yk,I xS4 ;k dqSa
ls tks r1îr gks xS Fs] mudh r1fîr dh ckr lqudj] bdØk djds yk,I xS4 ysfdu mügkXus [qn dqSa dk ikuh ugC ih;k4
ikuh ds laca/ eX tkudj yk,I xS3iafLr gks tkSaxs4ysfdu tks Hwyus vkS gT] esjk jkst dk lquuk muds Kku dks
dkIrk pyk tkSxk4 eT cksyrk gaw rqégX fl[kus dks ugC] rqégX Hqykus dks gh4 vk,j vxj rqe eq>s xk,j ls lquksxs] rks
t¥nh gh rqe ikvksxs] lc eTus dkI Lkyk4blfyS rks rqégX brus fojks/kHkl eq>eX fn[kB i\Lrs gT4 D;kXfd vkt eT
dqN dgawxk] dy eTus dqN dgk Fk] ijlkX dqN vk,j dgawxk4 vxj rqe eq>s lqurs gh jgs rks eT bruk fojks/kHklh gaw]
bruk daI≠kfLDIjh gaw fd rqe eq>s dqN Hh u id\L ikvksxs4 rqégkjs gkF ls lc NwI tkSxk4 vxj rqégX eq>s id\Luk g,]
rks rqégkjs gkF ls lc NwI tkSxk4vxj eq>s rqégX dqN fl[kuk gksrk rks eT fojks/kHklh ugC gks ldrk Fk4 fGj rks eq>s
laxr gksuk pkfgS] rkfd jkst7jkst eT rqégX fl[krk tkMa vk,j jkst7jkst edku curk tkS Kku dk rqégkjs Hhrj4 esjk
dke Sslk g,] fd vkt eT Sd bqI j[rk gaw] dy [Cp ysrk gaw4 edku eT dHh cuus u nwaxk4rqe vxj eq>s lqurs gh
jgksxs rks] vk,j rqels dksB fdlh fnu iwNsxk fd eTus D;k fl[k;k] rks rqe ek,u [\Ls jg tkvksxs4 rqe dgksxs] dguk
eqfædy g,4 D;kXfd eTus tks Hh fl[k;k] t¥nh gh mls feIk Hh fn;k4 eTus ydhj [Cph vk,j feIkB4 blds igys fd
rqe id\L ysrs] eT feIk nsrk gaw4varrA rks rqe [kyh esjs ikl [kyh jg tkvksxs4 rqe ij fuHZj g,4 vk,j Sslk dqN esjs
ikl gks jgk g, Sslk ugC6 Sslk lnk gksrk jgk g,4 egkohj] cq0 tks cksys mleX ls dqN rks ÷;ku dks miyç/ gks xS
lquusokys] dqN ikafL®; dks miyç/ gks xS4 tks ikafL®; dks miyç/ gks xS] mügkXus gh t,u /eZ cuk;k4 D;kXfd tks
÷;ku dks miyç/ gks xS] os dgka fG∂ djrs gT2 ftlus jl ih fy;k] exu gks x;k] og dgka fG∂ djrk g, laiznk;
[\Ls djus dh] /eZ [\Ls djus dh` ckr [®e gks xB4 dchj us dgk g,] eu tc exu H;k rc D;kX cksys` fG∂ gh
Nks\L nh mügkXus4ysfdu tks iafLr Fs] mügkXus 'çn7'çn lax1ghr dj fy;k4 vc ;g c\Ls ets dh ckr g,] fd egkohj ds
tks ≈;kjg x</j gT] os ≈;kjg gh czk‰< iafLr gT4 [qn egkohj {f_; gT4 [qn egkohj dh lkjh Vpruk vk,j ns'uk
fpfd®ld ls viuh chekjh fNikS4 fpfd®ld dks rks chekjh crk gh nsuh i\Lsxh4 ugC rks funku gh u gks ikSxk4 vk,j
rc fcuk funku ds nh xB vk,"f/ vk,j uqdlku djsxh4 blls fcuk vk,"f/ ds jg tkrs og vπNk Fk4 xyr vk,"f/
fey tkSxh rks H;adj gkfu gksxh D;kXfd lHh vk,"f/;ka tgj gT4 og Ohd chekjh gks rks tgj dke dk gks tkrk g,4
Ohd chekjh ij u yxs rks tgj uqdlku dk gks tkrk g,4rks xqQ ds ikl gksus dk vFZ] vf≈u ds ikl g,4 ogka Fks\Lk lksp
le>dj] lkG7lqFjk gksdj jguk4 jguk gks rks gh jguk] ugC rks Hkx tkuk4izæu iwNuk gks rks Bekunkjh ls izæu dj
ysuk4 J0k djuh gks] rks Bekunkjh ls J0k dj ysuk3vk,j lkG gksuk Sdne tWjh g,4 caIk7caIk gksuk rqégX dgC u
ys tkSxk4 rqe Ssls gh f_'adq ds Hkafr yIds jg tkvksxs4ƒƒM7SM 1 æ¿NOoka izæu A < vk'k ls vkdk' Iaxk g,4
D;k vk'k Nks\L nsus ls vkdk' fxj u tkSxk`vkdk' u fxjsxk] vk'k gh fxjsxh4 dksB vkdk' vk'k ls Iaxk Hh
augC g,4 ysfdu vkneh blh rjg lksprk g,] t,ls rqeus ml fNidyh ds laca/ eX lquk gks6 fd fNidfy;kX eX dgC
dksB fookg Fk4 vk,j Sd egy dh fNidyh dks Hh fuea_< feyk4 fufæpr gh lcls igys feyk] D;kXfd og egy
eX jgrh Fh4 mlus dgk] eT vk u ldawxh4 D;kXfd vxj eT vk xB rks Nîij fxj tkSxk egy dk4 eT gh rks légkys
jgrh gaw4fNidyh lksprh g,] fd egy ds Nîij dks légkys gqS g,4 vxj pyh xB] egy fxj tkSxk2rqeus ml cw\Ph
dh dgkuh lquh g,] tks lksprh Fh fd mldk eqxkZ ckax nsrk g,] blfyS lqcg lwjt mxrk g,4 ysfdu xkao ds yksx galrs
Fs4 mldk rdZ Hh Ohd Fk D;kXfd Sslk dHh u gqvk Fk4 tc Hh eqxkZ ckax nsrk rHh lwjt mxrk Fk4 xkao ds yksx
galrs Fs] fd cw\Ph rw ikxy gks xB g,4Sd fnu og ukjkt gksdj vius eqx∆ dks ysdj nwljs xkao pyh xB4 vk,j mlus
dgk] fd vc jksvksxs] vc HIdksxs4 vc [kstksxs eq>s vk,j r\Liksxs] iNrkvksxs] fd D;k xaok fn;k2 vc dHh lwjt
u mxsxk4 eqxkZ eT fyS tk jgh gaw4 vk,j nwljs xkao eX tc eqx∆ us ckax nh] rc ogka lwjt fudyk4 mlus dgk] vc jks jgs
gkXxs ukle>2 lwjt ;gka fudyk g,4 tgka eqxkZ g,] ogka lwjt g,4vk'k ls dqN Hh ugC Iaxk g,4 vk'k gh rqégX HIdk
jgh g,4 Gkalh yxh g, vk'k ls gh4 bls Fks\Lk le>ks4vk'k ds dkj< gh rqe thou eX dqN Hh ugC lh[ ikrs4 Sd
vkneh nl gtkj QiS dek ysrk g,4 lksprk Fk igys] fd nl gtkj gks tkSaxs] lc Ohd gks tkSxk4 nl gtkj gks
xS] dqN Ohd ugC gqvk4 vk'k dgrh g, fd nl yk[ gks tkSa rks lc Ohd gks tkSxk4 og fcydqy Hwy gh tkrk g,
fd ;gh vk'k igys dgrh Fh fd nl gtkj gks tkSa rks lc Ohd gks tkSxk4bldh igys ekudj pys] dqN Ohd u
gqvk4 vc Hh ;g vk'k dgrh g,] nl yk[ gks tkSa rks lc Ohd gks tkSxk4 fGj nl yk[ Hh gks tkrs gT] fGj Hh
dqN Ohd ugC gksrk4 cf¥d tks Ohd Fk] og Hh x\Lc\L gks tkrk g,4 vk'k vc Hh dgrh g,] fd nl yk[ eX D;k
gksxk` ;g Hh dksB laifR g,` nl djks\L2 Ssls vk'k ls vkdk' Iaxk g,4 vkdk' D;k g, ;s4 HzkVr] Hze]
e1x7ejhfpdk3lius Iaxs gT4vkneh nk,\Lrk pyk tkrk g,4 vk'k vuqHo dks ijkftr dj nsrh g, vk,j rqégX dqN
lh[us ugC nsrh4Sd ¬_h ls rqégkjk izse gksrk g, ;k Sd iqQ" ls izse gksrk g,3c\Lh vk'k ls] meax ls Hjs cTL7ckts
ctkdj 'qQvkr djrs gks4 c\Ls Gwy fcNkdj] c\Ls lqxa/ fN\Lddj ;k_k 'qW gksrh g,4 t¥nh gh lc nqxq/ gks tkrk
g,4 t¥nh gh lc dyg gks tkrh g,] fo"kn gks tkrk g,] nqA[ gks tkrk g,4vk'k fGj Hh Nks\Lrh ugC ihNk4 og dgrh
g,] ;g ¬_h xyr g,] ;g iqQ" xyr g,4 nwljh ¬_h3vxj i\Lksl dh ¬_h fey tkrh rks lc Ohd gks tkrk4 eTus
pquko eX Hwy dh4rks ifæpe eX mügkXus pquko dh lqfo/k cuk yh g,4 Ssls yksx gT] ftügkXus nl7nl ckj thou eX
rykd fnS4 vk,j vHh Hh vk'k dj jgs gT] fd ≈;kjgoC i®uh ls lc Ohd gks tkSxk] ;k ≈;kjgoX ifr ls lc Ohd gks
tkSxk2vuqHo ij thr gks tkrh g, vk'k dh4 vk'k ds dkj< gh vuqHo ls rqe dqN fupks\L ugC ikrs lkj4 rqégkjk
thou ugC cny ikrk4 fGj rqe ogh Hwy djrs gks] fGj ogh Hwy djrs gks2 vk,j vk'k dgs pyh tkrh g,] fd bl ckj
gks xB] dksB ckr ugC2 vxyh ckj lc Ohd gks tkusokyk g,4 vk'k HIdkrh g,] légkyrh ugC g,4vxj rqégkjs thou
eX ls vk'k gI tkS] eT ;g ugC dg jgk gaw] fd rqe fujk' gks tkvks3bls Fks\Lk le> ysuk4 D;kXfd fujk'k Hh
vk'k dk gh fu"s/k®ed Wi g,4 og Hh vk'k gh g, gkjh gqB4 og Hh vk'k dk gh ijkftr Wi g,] ysfdu g, vk'k
ugC] flGZ dksjh ckrphr Fh4 Nkrh ihIrk] ysfdu vc nsj gks pqdh Fh4rqeus Hh3lHh us] thou ds ;FkFZ dks
Nks\Ldj vk'k dk a'a[ id\L fy;k g,4 thou dk ;FkFZ rks nsus dks r,;kj g, og lc] ftlls rqégkjh r1fîr gks ldrh
g,] ysfdu rqégkjh vk'k ekuus dks jkth ugC g, A vk,j †;knk3vk,j †;knk4 vk'k dk vFZ g, A 8vk,j7vk,j7vk,j48
ftruk gks] mlls †;knk4 tks gks] mlls †;knk4 dqN Hh fey tkS] vk'k r1îr ugC gksrh4 vk'k vr1fîr dk lw_ g,4
blfyS tc eT dgrk gaw] vk'k Nks\L nksxs] rHh rqe thou ds l®; ds lkF Sd gks ikvksxs6 rks eT cgqr lh ckrX dg
jgk gaw4 eT dg jgk gaw] Hfo‘; dh Vprk Nks\Lks6 orZeku i;kZîr g,4 tks rqégkjs ikl ugC g,] mldh fG∂ er djks4 tks
rqégkjs ikl g,] og tWjr ls †;knk g,] tjk mls Hksxks4 lius er G,ykvks4 l®; dkGh g,6 dkGh ls †;knk g,4lius
G,yk7G,ykdj gh rqe l®; ls oafpr gqS gks4 rqe ekaxks er] tks feyk g,] rqe mlds fyS vuqx1ghr gks tkvks4vk,j
rqégkjh vk'k feIrs gh fujk'k Hh feI tkSxh4 D;kXfd og mlh dh laxh7lkfFu g,] og tks\Lk g,4 vk'k ifr gks] rks
fujk'k i®uh g,4 os lkF7lkF gT4 mudks vyx dHh fd;k ugC tk ldrk4 mueX dHh rykd gqvk gh ugC g,4rks tc
rqe fdlh vkneh dks fujk' ns[ks] rks ;g er le> ysuk fd ;g dksB ®;kx dks miyç/ gks x;k g,4 blus vfr vk'k
dh vk,j og iwjh ugC gqB] blfyS og ijs'ku c,Ok g,] nqA[h c,Ok g,4 ;g fGj vk'k ls Hj tkSxk4 t¥nh gh ;g fGj
Hwy tkSxk viuh fujk'k dks4 fGj uB vk'k dh meax ys ysxk4tks ø;fDr o,jk≈; dks miyç/ gksrk g,] mldh
vk'k7fujk'k nksukX tk pqdC4 mlus Sd fu<Z; miyç/ fd;k g,4 Sd lkj thou dk fupks\L fy;k g,] fd vkt vk,j
vHh g, lc6 dy] dy ø;FZ g,4 dy dHh vkrk ugC4bl {< rqe iwjs th yks] bl {< ls ckgj tkus dh dksB Hh
tWjr ugC g,4 bl {< eX lHh dqN ek,twn g,4 iwjk vf¬r®o bl {< eX gh ek,twn g,4 bl {< eX gh lkjk fojkI ek,twn
g,] lkjk cz‰ ek,twn g,4 bl {< eX gh lkjs vf¬r®o dh lfjrkSa fxj jgh gT4 ;g {< gh lkxj g,4 rqe bldks iwjk th
yks4 bl thus ls gh rqégkjk nwljk {< Hh fudysxk4 bl thus ds Mij gh mHjsxk4 bl thus ls fojkI gksxk] c\Lk gksxk]
xgjk gksxk4ysfdu vk'k ds dkj< ugC6 thdj mls fudyus nks4nqfu;k ds nks Pax gT A ;k rks rqe th;ks] vk,j ;k rqe
dsoy lius ns[ks4 vf/d yksx lius ns[rs gT4 vk,j muls vxj dgks fd lius Nks\L nks] rks os dgrs gT 8vk'k ls
vkdk' Iaxk g,48 fufæpr] mudk vkdk' liukX ls gh Iaxk g,4 vxj og fxj x;k rks os dgC ds u jg tkSaxs4 os
lksp7lksp dj gh thrs gT4mudh gkyr Sslh g,] t,ls fdlh vkneh dks Hw[ yxh gks] vk,j og Hkstu rks u djrk gks6
jktegy eX Hkst py jgk g,] mlds lius ns[rk gks4 ;g ejsxk4 D;kXfd pkgs jktegy dk liuk ns[ks] pkgs fdrus gh
lq¬oknq Hkstu dk liuk ns[ks] mlls [wu ugC cusxk] mlls gÒh ugC cusxh4 mlls †;knk ls †;knk bruk gks ldrk g,
fd eqag dh ykj xfreku gks tkS6 vk,j dqN Hh u gksxk4 ykj ds xfreku gksus ls dksB isI ugC Hjrk] vk,j Hw[ c\Prh
g,4lw[h jksIh Hh ikl gks] rks liukX ds egks®lo ls vk,j liukX ds Hkst ls csgrj g,4 lw[h jksIh dks Hh Ohd ls ipk
ysuk4 mlls [wu cusxk] gÒh cusxh4vf¬r®o dks okluk ds ek÷;e ls er th;ks3bls gh eT laü;kl dgrk gaw4eT ;g
ugC dgrk fd Hkx tkvks lalkj Nks\Ldj4 lalkj dks iwjh rjg th;ks4 ÷;ku ds ek÷;e ls th;ks] okluk ds ek÷;e ls
er th;ks4 okluk dk ek÷;e vk'k ds }kjk pyrk g,4 vk,j ÷;ku dk ek÷;e] 8 tks g,8] cl mldks gh i;kZîr ekurk
g,4÷;ku larks" g,] larqf‘I g,4vk'k vlarks" g,] v/,;Z g,4ƒƒM7SM 1 æ¿lkroka izæu A< vki dgrs gT fd dchj
ijeKkuh Fs6 ysfdu mudk izHko dsoy rFkdfFr fuéu o<Z ds yksxkX eX fn[kB i\Lrk g,4 D;k czk‰<kX us tkfrxr
iwokZxzg ds dkj< mügX v¬ohdkj dj fn;k` cgqr dkj< Fs4Sd rks] dchj dh tkfr7ikafr dk dqN irk ugC4 'k;n
eqlyeku ?j eX i,nk gqS Fs vk,j Vgnw ?j eX iys4 rks u rks eqlyeku iwjh rjg ls vkæo¬r Fs] u Vgnw4 nksukX lafn≈/ Fs4
vk,j Ssls ;g c\Lk izrhdk®ed g,4 dksB Hh lar u rks Vgnw gksrk] u eqlyeku4 gks ugC ldrk4 lar vk,j Vgnw vk,j
eqlyeku` ckr gh cpdkuh yxrh g,4 ij dchj ds thou dk rks og fcydqy ;FkFZ Fk4vupkgh larku Fs4 'k;n
vfookfgr ø;fDr;kX dh larku Fs] uktk;t Fs4 eka7cki rkykc ds fdukjs Nks\Ldj pys xS Fs lqcg ds va/sjs eX4 Sd
Vgnw laü;klh jkekuan lqcg ¬uku djus ljksoj ij xS Fs] muds i,j dh pksI cπps dks yx xB] og cπpk jksus yxk4
cπps laü;klh dks d,ls gks ldrs gT` vk,j rqe nqdku djrs gks` Sslk dHh lquk g, fd laü;klh3vk,j nqdku djrk
g,2dchj Ssls laü;klh Fs] ftudks eT laü;klh dg jgk gaw4 dchj nqdku Hh djrs] di\Lk Hh cqurs4 tqykgs Fs] tqykgs gh
jgs4 cgqr yksxkX us dgk ckn eX] cgqr f'‘; Hh gks xS] fd vki ;g can dj nX] rks dchj dgrs fd ugC6 tks ijek®ek
us pkgk g,] og gksus nks4 eT can djus okyk dk,u` vk,j tc rd gkF pyrs gT] rc rd dWaxk Hh D;k` cqurs jgus
nks4 vk,j fGj cgqr 8jke8 gT] tks cktkj eX esjs di\LkX dh izrh{k djrs gT!rks os di\Lk cqurs6 ukprs] cktkj tkrs4
D;kXfd muds fyS rks lHh jke Fs4 vk,j xzkgd tc vkrk] rc mlls dgrs] jke Fks\Lk légkydj iguuk4 c\Ls izse ls
cquk g, A
jke7jl Hhuh js pnfj;k44 pknj cqurs jgrs vk,j jke dh /qu pykrs jgrs4 dchj us tks di\Ls cqus] os vuwOs gT4 mueX
jke dk jl Lwck gqvk g,4 vk,j dchj us dgk fd †;kX fd ®;kX /j nhügC pnfj;k~ ~ ~[wc tru ls vks\Ph js pnfj;k4 rks
dchj dgrs gT fd vks\Ph rks] ij [wc tru ls vks\Ph4laü;klh og g,] tks vks\Ps gh u4 D;kXfd vks\Pus eX Lj g,] dgC
pnfj;k [jkc u gks tkS2 vk,j x1g¬F og g,] tks LI dj vks\Ps6 pkgs GIs] pkgs xanh gks] dqN Hh gks tkS4 vk,j dchj
us vks\Ph3[wc tru ls vks\Ph js pnfj;k2ysfdu 8tru8 ls vks\Ph4 ;g tru 'çn c\Lk vnHqr g,4 Α<ew√r ftldks
vos;jusl dgrs gT] ogh g, tru4 c\Ls gks' ls] c\Ls iz;®u ls] c\Lh tkxQdrk ls vks\Ph4 vk,j 8†;kX dh ®;kX /j nhügC
pnfj;k84 vk,j tc ijek®ek ds ikl okil yk,Ius yxs] rks mls o,lh gh yk,Ik nh t,lh mlus nh Fh3vk,j vks\Ph Hh4
Sslk Hh ugC] fd fcuk vks\Ps] uaxs c,Os jgs4 dchj ;g dg jgs gT fd x1g¬F Hh jgs vk,j laü;¬r Hh jgs4 jgs lalkj eX
vk,j vNwrs jgs3deyor4cgqr eqfædy g,4 blfyS dchj dks Mij dh tkfr;kX dk rks dksB léeku u fey ldk]
D;kXfd mudks Lj yxk tkus eX4 viuh ls NksIh tkfr ds ikl dk,u tkuk pkgs` czk‰< Ljrk g, vxj {f_; Kkuh gks
tkS rks mlds ikl tkus ls4 {f_; Ljrk g, vxj o,æ; Kkuh gks tkS] mlds ikl tkus ls4 o,æ; Ljrk g, vxj 'w–
Kkuh gks tkS] mlds ikl tkus ls4pekj j,nkl ds ikl dksB Hh u x;k4 lsuk ukB ds ikl dksB Hh u x;k4 tqykgs
dchj ds ikl dksB Hh u x;k4 os vkf[jh gT4 muds ikl Maph Js<h ds yksx H;Hhr gksrs gT4¬oHkorA os gh yksx xS]
tks mlh Js<h ds Fs4 blfyS dchj dks ekuus okykX dh la“;k fuéu oxZ ds yksxkX eX feysxh4 fuéu oxZ ds yksxkX ds
ikl u rks /u g,] u in g,] u izfr‘Ok g,4 os fdlh dks Mij vkdk' eX mOkuk Hh pkgX rks ugC mOk ldrs4 lp rks ;g
g,] mu ds dkj< gh dksB vkdk' eX gks rks og Hh tehu ij mrj vkSxk4 muds ikl dqN Hh rks ugC g,4 blfyS dchj
ds ekuusokys dchj dks rks Mij ugC mOk lds4 d,ls mOkrs` dksB mik; u Fk4 dksB lhf\P;ka u FC muds ikl4 cf¥d
muds ekuus ds dkj<3pekj] Haxh] vk,j 'w– vk,j gfjtu dchj dks ekuus yxs6 ml dkj< vk,j Hh v\Lpu gks xB
iafLr dks] czk‰< dks] {f_; dks] o,æ; dks vkus dh4Sslk gqvk fd eT Sd xkao eX Fk4 vk,j ogka j,nkl dh t;arh eukB
tk jgh Fh4 j,nkl rks pekj Fs4 xkao ds pekj esjs ikl vk xS vk,j mügkXus dgk fd vki Hh pyX vk,j j,nkl ij nks
'çn dg nX4 eT jkth gks x;k4 eT ftuds ?j eX esgeku Fk] os c\Lh eqfædy eX i\L xS] t,u ?j Fk] c\Ls léiU ø;fDr
Fs4 mudks tjk csp,uh ekywe gksus yxh4 lka> dks mügkXus dgk] Sslk g, fd eq>s tWjh dke g,4 vπNk rks ugC ekywe
i\Lrk fd vkidks vdsyk Hstaw3D;kXfd pekjkX dh lHk2 vc mleX xkao dk izfrf‘Or Js‘O] Jsf‘O uxjlsO] og d,ls
tkS pekjkX dh lHk eX` vk,j eT rks dy pyk tkMaxk vk,j ;g >a>I lnk ds fyS ihsNs ca/ tkSxh] fd pekjkX dh
lHk eX xS Fs4rks mügkXus dgk] 8eq>s tjk tWjh dke vk x;k g,4 vkuk rks vkids lkF Fk48eTus dgk] 8vki fcydqy
fG∂ u djX4 tWjh dke eq>s irk g,] ugC vk;k g,] exj dksB Vprk dh ckr ugC] eT vdsyk gh tkMaxk4 vkidks vkus
dh dksB vkoæ;drk Hh ugC48ugC8] mügkXus dgk] 8vki cqjk u ekuX4 vki Ohd dgrs gT] dksB dke ugC vk;k g,4 vki
ls D;k >wO cksyuk2 ysfdu Lj yxrk g, pekjkX dh lHk3vk,j vki Hh u tkrs rks vπNk Fk4eTus dgk] 8eT rks
tkMaxk4 fdlh vk,j dh gksrh rks euk Hh dj nsrk4 pekj vkS] mudks euk djuk Hh Ohd ugC4 dksB ogka tkus dks jkth
dksB ?j ls esjs lkF u x;k4 os lc txg esjs lkF tkrs Fs i®uh] cπps] lc D;kXfd vk,j txg tkus ls esjs lkF
izfr‘Ok feyrh Fh4 tgka Hh tkrs] eap ij c,Ors4 pekjkX dh lHk eX eap ij Hh c,Ous eX Lj2 L≠kboj Hh esjs ikl ugC
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vk,j lHk eX vkdj c,Ork g,4 cksyk] 8tjk pekjkX eX c,Ouk Ohd ugC4 fGj tks lsO us fd;k3lsO D;kX ugC vkS
vkidks irk g,` ogh dkj< esjk Hh g,4 eT czk‰< gaw4 lsO rks o,æ; gT4 vxj o,æ; ugC vk ldrk] rks eT rks czk‰< gaw4
vk,j czk‰< Hh dksB lk/kj< augC] dkü;dqçt czk‰< gaw48ikxykX dh nqfu;k g,4 rjg7rjg ds ikxy gT3dkü;dqçt]
ns'¬F] dkXd<¬F3rjg7rjg ds ikxy gT4 pekjkX dh lHk eX dk,u tkS2 pekj c\Ls izlU gqS] c\Ls vkuafnr gqS4
mügkXus dgk] ge lnk cqykrs gT] fuea_< nsrs gT4 dksB vkrk gh ugC4 dchj ds ikl dk,u tkS`tcyiqj eX tgka eT jgrk
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gtkj] ia–g gtkj yksx lquus vkrs Fs4 ;g lksp dj lsuk ds HDrkX us lkspk] fd vxj eT cksyaw lsuk ukB ij rks nl7ia–
g gtkj vkneh lquus vkSaxs4 lsuk ukB dh c\Lh “;kfr gksxh4 eTus mudks dgk] 8rqe xyrh eX gks4 os tks eq>s lquus
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vkidks izse djrs gT] lsuk ukB ls D;k ysuk7nsuk` vki ftl ij Hh cksyrs gT] os lquus vkrs gT4 xhrk ij cksyrs gT] rks
lquus vkrs gT] egkohj ij cksyrs gT rks lquus vkrs gT] cq0 ij cksyrs gT rks lquus vkrs gT48eTus dgk] 8og Ohd g,4 cq0]
egkohj] Α<] og lHh lo<kë dh nqfu;k g,4 exj rqe ugC ekurs rks eT vkMaxk4eT x;k4 dksB ugC vk;k4 ia–g gtkj
rks nwj] ia–g psgjs u fn[s eq>s] ftudks eT igpkurk Fk4 flGZ ukB fn[kB i\Ls4 vk,j cspkjs c\Lh jkg ns[rs jgs] fd dksB
vkS4 cl] ia–g7chl ukB2 og Hh Sd ukBck\Ls ds lkeus mügkXus eq>s fcOk fn;k4 mügkXus c\Lh vk'k dh Fh] c\Lk
bartke fd;k Fk] iaLky fcNk;k Fk] yxk;k Fk3dksB ugC vk;k2eTus muls dgk] os ugC vkSaxs4 lsuk ukB ij eq>s
lquus ugC vk ldrs rks lsuk ukB ds ikl rks d,ls gkXxs` vlaHo2vk,j Hkjr rks cgqr gh †;knk vgadkjh eq¥d g,4 rqe
dgrs bldks /k√ed gks] ;g /k√ed g, ugC4 blls †;knk vgadkjh lekt [kstuk lalkj eX dfOu g,4 eT rqels dgrk
gaw] Hkjr ds ckgj gh ;g ?Iuk ?Ih g,] ftudks rqe /k√ed ugC dgrs4thll c\PB Fs] fGj Hh 8Bæoj ds iq_8 dh
?ks"<k gks ldh4 eqgéen fdlh cgqr Maps o<Z ls ugC vkrs Fs4 Hs\LkX dks pjkus vk,j Hs\LkX ds cky dkIus dk /a/k djrs
Fs] fGj Hh i,xacj gks lds4 Hkjr ds ckgj gh ;g vuwOh ?Iuk ?Ih g, fd eqgéen t,lk vi\P] xjhc] 'w– oxZ ls
lacaf/r] thll t,lk vi\P 'w– oxZ ls lacaf/r ø;fDr thou ds mπpre f'[j ij fojkteku gks ldk g,4 Hkjr rks
cgqr vgadkjh g,4 vxj ;gka ∂kb¬I i,nk gksrs Hwy ls] rks mudh ogh xfr gksrh] tks dchj dh gqB4 vxj ;gka eqgéen
i,nk gks tkrs rks ogh xfr gksrh] tks dchj dh gqB6 dksB GdZ u i\Lrk4Hkjr cgqr vgadkjh g,4 ;gka /eZ Hh vgadkj dk
fg¬lk gks x;k g,4 vk,j /k√ed vgadkj2 ifo_ vgadkj vk,j Hh [rjukd gks tkrk g,3ifo_ tgj t,lk [rjukd A
D;kXfd tgj eX vxj Fks\Lk dqN vk,j feyk gks rks tgj tjk de tgjhyk gks tkrk g,4eq¥yk ulQYhu ejuk pkgrk Fk4
rks cktkj x;k] tgj [jhn fy;k] jkr dks [kdj lks x;k4 dB ckj mO7mO ns[k] vHh rd ejs ugC` lqcg Hh gks
xB4 vka[s can fdS Fks\Lh nsj i\Lk jgk] fd 'k;n ej xS gkX4 nw/okys dh vkokt lqukB i\Lus yxh] ?j eX
cjru7HkaLs ctus yxs3D;k ekeyk g,` vka[X [ksydj ns[k] lc o,ls gh g,] ejs ugC4 lksprk Fk 'k;n ujd eX
igaqps fd ¬oxZ eX 3D;k gqvk` ysfdu ejs gh ugC2Hkxk gqvk nqdku ij igaqpk tgj ds vk,j dgk 8gn gks xB2 rqeus
/ks[k fn;k48 mlus dgk] 8HB] eT Hh D;k dj ldrk gaw` lHh phtkX eX esy py jgk g,48 tgj Hh 'q0 dgka g, vkt`
nw/ gh v'q0 ugC fey jgk] tgj Hh v'q0 g,4 mldks Hh [kdj iDdk Hjkslk ugC dj ldrs] fd ej gh
tkvksxs4'q0 tgj rks cgqr [rjukd gks tkrk g,4 vk,j /k√ed ø;fDr dk vgadkj 'q0 tgj g,4 mleX ls lc v'qf0
ckgj fudky nh xB4 /uh vkneh ds vgadkj eX Fks\Lh v'qf0 g,4 og v'qf0 ;g g,] fd /u [ks tkS rks vgadkj dks
fxjuk i\Lsxk4 igyoku ds vgadkj eX Fks\Lh v'qf0 g,] 'jhj dy chekj i\L tkS3vk,j igyoku vDlj chekj
fd dksB Hh gks] dTlj] {;jksx] [rjukd chekfj;kX ls ejrs gT3ejXxs gh2 D;kXfd 'jhj ds lkF tcjn¬rh dj jgs gT4
igyokuh dksB ¬ok¬ƒ; ugC g,4rks Sd fnu 'jhj ejsxk] IwIsxk] [jkc gksxk6 rc vd\L pyh tkSxh4 vkt in ij
gks] fefu¬Ij gks fd phG fefu¬Ij gks] dy ugC jgksxs4 fGj Hh[ ekaxrs oksI dh fGjksxs4 blfyS og vd\L Hh 'q0
ugC g,4ysfdu /k√ed vkneh dh vd\L fcydqy 'q0 g,4 mldks rqe Nhu ugC ldrs4 og pfj_oku g,4 pfj_ dks
d,ls Nhuksxs` og jke7 pnfj;k vks\Prk g,] jke7jke tirk g,6 mldks d,ls Nhuksxs` og eafnj tkrk g,] iwtk7izkFZuk
djrk g,] ;K7gou djrk g,6 mldks d,ls Nhuksxs`mldk vgadkj Nhuuk eqfædy4Hkjr egk7vgadkjh g,4 mlus vius
vgadkj dks c\Ls vkHw"<kX ls ltk fy;k g,4 vk,j blfyS cgqr ls ije7Kkfu;kX ls ns' ykH ysus ls oafpr jg x;k4
cgqr i,nk gqS gT bl eq¥d eX] ftügkXus ije l®; dks tkuk g,4blfyS eT Sd rjG mifu"nkX ij cksy jgk gaw] Α< ij
cksy jgk gaw] ysfdu dchj dks Hwyrk ugC4 chp7chp eX dchj dks Hh ys vkrk gaw4 fdlh rjg jktiq_kX dks vk,j 'w–kX
dks djhc ykuk g,4 fdlh rjg Vlgklu vk,j fH[kjh dks ikl ykuk g,4 rkfd ge ;g le> ldX] fd l®; dks ikus dk
dksB Hh laca/ u rks tkfr ls g,] u o<Z ls g,] u /eZ ls g,] u dqy ls g,] u xks_ ls g,4 lHh ds fyS [qyk vkdk' g,
rsjgoka izopu
izHq dh [kst c\Lh vuwOh g,4 D;kXfd ftls ge [kstrs gT mldk dksB irk ugC] dksB fOdkuk ugC4 og g, Hh] ;g Hh
iDdk ugC4 dksB eafty g,] rc rks ekxZ ij pyuk vklku gks tkrk g,4 ysfdu eafty fn[kB Hh ugC i\Lrh] gksxh
bldk Hh lansg cuk jgrk g,] dksB uD'k gkF ugC] dksB fn'k7ladsr dksB ekxZ ij yxs ehy ds i®Fj ugC4[kst c\Lh
vuwOh g,4 blfyS cgqr de yksx rks [kst gh 'qW djrs gT4 brus vuwOs vfH;ku eX tkus dk lkgl de yksxkX dk
gksrk g,4 vk,j tks [kst 'qW Hh djrs gT] mueX ls Hh cgqr gh de igqap ikrs gT4pkj rjg ds yksx gT4 mügX ge Ohd ls
le> yX4 igyk oxZ g,] ljy7fpR yksxkX dk6 ftuds thou eX J0k ¬okHkfod g,4 ftügkXus lansg tkuk gh ugC4
ftügkXus ml ?kI dk ikuh gh ugC fi;k4 tks fdlh Hkafr cp xS4 tks NksIs cπps dh Hkafr gh gT4 tks flGZ Hjkslk djuk
tkurs gT4 mügX Hjksls dk Hh irk ugC4 D;kXfd Hjksls dk Hh irk mls gh gksrk g,] ftlus lansg fd;k gks4 mudh ljyrk
Sslh ¬okHkfod g,] fd mldk cks/ Hh ugC gks ldrk4Ssls yksx rks ijek®ek dks miyç/ gh gT4 vka[ Hj [ksyus dh
ckr g,4 }kj [I[Ikus dh Hj tWjr g,4 'k;n Sd dne Hh mügX pyuk ugC] os tgka gT] ogC mudk ijek®ek izdI
gks tkS4dHh i1ƒoh Ssls oxZ ls Hjh Fh4 ysfdu /hjs7/hjs og oxZ de gksrk x;k g,4 mlds Hh dkj< gT4 D;kXfd
rc lansg dh dksB f'{k7nh{k u Fh4 lkjk thou gh Sd gh ikO i\Pkrk Fk] og J0k dk Fk4 lc rjG izÎfr ls Sd
dHh ukuqp ugC djrk4 +rqSa Sd orqZykdkj ifjf/ eX ?werC3Sd 'kar fu;e ls4 cπpk toku gksrk g,] cw\Pk gksrk
g,3lc ø;of¬Fr g,4 vk,j lc fdlh xgjs vuq'klu eX ca/k g,4mu fnukX] tc J0kokys oxZ dk izkc¥; Fk] dksB
f'{k u Fh lansg dh] dgC ls mldk ikO u feyrk Fk4 cpiu ls ysdj3tc vka[ [qyrh] e1®;q ds {< rd] tc
vka[ can gksrh3lkjk thou Sd gh ckr fl[krk Fk] og Hjkslk Fk4vc og oxZ uk ds cjkcj g,4 ykvks®ls dk c\Lk
izfl0 opu g,] fd tc /eZ feI x;k] rc yksxkX us /eZ dk Vpru 'qW fd;k4 og igys rjg ds yksxkX dk /eZ jgk
gksxk4 /eZ Fk gh ugC4 bls Fks\Lk le> ysuk4/eZ dh tWjr gh ukf¬rd dks g,4 /eZ dh tWjr gh lansgokys dks g,4
/eZ dh vkoæ;drk gh Q≈< dks g,] D;kXfd /eZ vk,"f/ g,4 vxj rqe chekj gh ugC gks] rks /eZ dk D;k
loky`ykvks®ls dgrk g,] ;kn djks mu izkphu fnukX dks] tc /eZ dk fdlh dks irk gh u Fk4 D;kXfd yksx lgt gh
/k√ed Fs4 yksx ¬o¬F Fs] vk,"f/ dk dksB Vpru u Fk4 yksx u,frd Fs] uhfr dh dksB fopkj<k u Fh4 yksd lgt gh
¬oHkoo' /k√ed Fs4 u eafnj Fk] u ef¬tn Fh] u xqQ}kjs Fs6 u osn Fk] u dqjku Fh] u ckbfcy Fh4 ;s lc rks jksx
dh nqfu;k ds fg¬ls gT4;g rqégX tkudj Fks\Lh g,jkuh gksxh] fpfd®lk dk 'k¬_ chekj txr dk fg¬lk g,4 fdlh fnu]
rqe Fks\Lk lkspks] vxj lkjs yksx ¬o¬F gks tkS] chekjh frjksfgr gks tkS] rks fpfd®ld fonk gks tkSxk4 fpfd®lk dk
'k¬_ yksx /hjs7/hjs Hwy tkSaxs4dkuwu dh tWjr g,] D;kXfd yksx pksj gT] csBeku gT4 vxj yksx Bekunkj gkX] rks
dkuwu dh dksB tWjr u gksxh4 vnkyr pkfgS] D;kXfd vkneh dk vkneh ij Hjkslk ugC g,4 vkneh dk vkneh ij
dkuwu pksjkX ij thrk g,4 ü;k;k/h' ds i,j ds uhps csBekukX dh tekr g,4 vnkyrX vuhfr ij [\Lh gT] vü;Fk [ks
tkSaxh4[yhy ftczku dh Sd c\Lh ehOh dgkuh g,4 Sd jkr Sd 'jkc?j eX Sd ø;fDr vius fe_kX dks ysdj vk;k
vk,j mlus [wc 'jkc ih] fiykB] [wc yqIkB4 Ssls Hh tks vutku yksx c,Os Fs 'jkc?j eX] mudks Hh ckaIh4 'jkc?j
dk ekfyd rks c\Lk izlU gqvk Ssls nkuh xzkgd dks ikdj4vk/h jkr rd 'ksjxqy eprk jgk] 'jkc cgrh jgh4 vk,j
yksx tc fonk gqS rks mlus viuh i®uh ls dgk] fd Ssls xzkgd jkst vkSa rks gekjk /ü;Hkx2 ml vkneh us fonk
gksrs oDr] tc og fcy pqdk jgk Fk] ;g ckr lquh] rks mlus dgk] fd rqe izkFZuk djks fd gekjk /a/k Ohd ls
pyrk jgs4 rks jkst D;k] ge rks ;gC cus jgX] vkus dk loky gh ugC4ml vkneh us iwNks] rqégkjk /a/k D;k g,`mlus
dgk] ;g er iwNk2 eT ej?I ij yd\Lh cspus dk dke djrk gwa4 eqn∆ jkst vkrs jgX] yd\Lh fcdrh jgs] ge ;gC tes
jgXxs4 dHh eqn∆ vkrs gT] dHh ugC vkrs4 Hxoku ls izkFZuk djks gekjk /a/k Ohd pys] ge jkst vkrs jgXxs4vc tks
vkneh ej?I ij yd\Lh csprk g,] mldh lkjh izkFZukSa ;gh gT fd dksB ejs4 t¥nh djks] ejks2 dksB rks ejks2rqégX
fn[kB ugC i\Lrk] fpfd®ld dh izkFZuk ;gh g, fd dksB rks chekj gks tkvks4 ü;k;k/h' dh izkFZuk ;gh g,] dksB rks
pksjh djks] dksB rks g®;k djks4Sd u;k7u;k vkneh ü;k;k/h' gqvk Fk4 fnu Hj dksB eqdnek u vk;k] rks mlus
vius DykdZ ls c\Lh mnklh gkyr eX dgk3D;kXfd og fcydqy r,;kj vk;k Fk3u;k ü;k;k/h'2 t,lk u;k eq¥yk
elftn tkrk g,] o,lk u;k ü;k;k/h' fu;qDr gqvk Fk4 lc dkuwu ox,jg ;kn djds ø;o¬Fk ls vk;k Fk] fd bl
Pax ls 'qQvkr djuh g,4 ysfdu dksB eqdnek gh u vk;k2 mlus DykdZ ls dgk] fd c\Lh fujk'k gksrh g,] dksB
eqdnek gh u vk;k4
mlus dgk] vki ?c\LkSa er] eq>s vkneh ds pfj_ ij iwjk foæokl g,4 'ke rd QdX4 tWj dqN u dqN gksxk gh4
eq>s vkneh ds pfj_ ij iwjk foæokl g,4 dksB u dksB pksjh gksxh] dksB g®;k gksxh] dgC Nqjk pysxk] dgC vkx
yxsxh6 vki ?c\LkSa er4 vki Vpfrr er gkX4 esjh Vtnxh bl vnkyr eX chr xB4 Sslk dHh gksrk gh ugC fd fnu
[kyh pyk tkS4 vkneh ds pfj_ ij eq>s iwjk foæokl g,2 dksB vkrk gh gksxk] jk¬rs ij gh gkXxs4d,lk pfj_ g, ;g
vkneh dk] ftl ij vnkyr thrh g,2vk,j vxj yksx /k√ed gkX] rks iqjksfgr u cpsxk4 iqjksfgr Hh thrk g, v/k√ed
vkneh ds vk/kj ij4 vk,j vxj yksx lk/q7pfj_ gkX] rks rqégkjs lk/qvkX dk D;k gksxk` os [ks tkSaxs4 os vlk/qvkX
ew¥;`blfyS ykvks®ls dgrk g,] /ü; Fs os fnu] ;kn djks os iqjkus fnu] izkphu iqQ"kX dk le;] tc /eZ dh dksB
ckr gh u djrk Fk] D;kXfd yksx lgt gh /k√ed Fs4 rc uhfr ds dksB fu;e u Fs] D;kXfd fu;e fdlh us dHh rks\Ls
gh u Fs4rks\Lusokys ls fu;e curs gT4 fcxk\Lusokyk ø;o¬Fk dks l“r djrk g,4 Vgld vVglk ds 'k¬_ dks tüe nsrk
g,4 VgldkX ds lekt eX 8vVglk ijeks /eZA8 ;g lw_ gks tkrk g,4og igys rjg dk ø;fDr rks de gksrk x;k4 ml rjg
ds ø;fDr ls dHh /eZ dk tüe ugC gksrk] o,lk ø;fDr /k√ed gksrk g,4 vk,j o,ls ø;fDr dh rqégX dHh dksB [cj Hh
u feysxh4 vxj og gksxk Hh] rks mldh rqégX dksB [cj ugC feysxh4 D;kXfd mlds thou eX dksB mi–o gh u gksxk4
mlds thou eX dksB ∂kafr gh u gksxh4 'kafr rks l?u gksxh] ∂kafr u gksxh4 vk,j tc rd ∂kafr u gks] rc rd rqégX
[cj ugC fey ldrh4 og Ssls gksxk] t,ls g, gh ugC4Ssls /k√ed ø;fDr;kX dk m¥ys[ fdlh 'k¬_ eX ugC g,6 gks ugC
ldrk4 rqe tkudj g,jku gksvksxs fd cq0] egkohj] dchj ;k eT igys oxZ ds yksx ugC gT4 igys oxZ ds vkneh dk
rks irk gh ugC py ldrk4 rqe esjs ikl vkrs d,ls` igys oxZ dks rks
[qn gh irk ugC pyrk fd og /k√ed g,] nwljs dks d,ls irk pysxk`og lgt gh pqipki th ysrk g,4 mlds thou
eX Sd lqxa/ rks gksrh g,] ysfdu og lqxa/ Sslh gksrh g,] t,ls futZu eX dksB Gwy f[yrk g,4 mlds thou eX efgek rks
gksrh g,] ysfdu ml efgek dks ns[us 'k;n gh dksB dHh vkrk g,4 irk gh ugC pyrk4o,ls ø;fDr ds thou eX
ijek®ek dh [kst gh i,nk ugC gksrh4 o,lk ø;fDr ijek®ek eX gh thrk g,4 i,nk mlh eX gksrk g,] thrk mlh eX g,] lkal
mlh eX ysrk g,] mlh eX Lwc tkrk g,4 o,ls ø;fDr dk viuk gksuk vyx ugC gksrk4 Sslk ø;fDr u rks fdlh lk/uk dh
tWjr vuqHo djrk g,] u fdlh lk÷; dh4 Ssls ø;fDr dk lk/u vk,j lk÷; vyx7vyx ugC gksrs4 Sslk ø;fDr
pqipki th ysrk g,4 mldh æokl7æokl eX vgksHko gksrk g,] mlds jksSa7jksSa eX izkFZuk gksrh g,] ysfdu mls Hh irk
ugC gksrk4D;kXfd izkFZuk tc irk pyus yxs] rc nwljh rjg dk ø;fDr g,] igyh rjg dk ø;fDr ugC4 nwljh rjg dk
ø;fDr Ohd foijhr g, igyh rjg ds ø;fDr ls4 igys rjg ds ø;fDr ds fyS J0k ¬okHkfod g,4 mls lansg i,nk gh
ugC gksrk4 mls 'd vkrk gh ugC4 og mldh y{<k g,3J0k4 og mlds thus dk Pax g,4 t,ls og lkal ysrk g,]
Ssls gh og J0k ysrk g,4nwljs rjg dk ø;fDr lansg eX fu‘<kr g,4 lansg gh mldh Sdek_ J0k g,4 og lansg djuk
gh tkurk g,4 lansg eX gh thuk g,4 lansg dks mldh ijkdk‘Ok ij ys tkrk g,4 cq0] egkohj] dchj lc nwljs oxZ ds
yksx gT4 blfyS buls fojkI /eZ dk tüe gksrk g,4tc nwljs ø;fDr dk lansg ijkdk‘Ok ij igqaprk g,] rc og vius
gh lansg ls ncdj] ijs'ku gksdj] ihf\Lr gksdj lansg dks Nks\Lrk g, vk,j J0k dks miyç/ gksrk g,4 og lansg eX tyrk
g,4 t,ls dksB /wi eX tyrk gks Hjh nqigjh vk,j fGj /wi eX py7py dj Fd tkS] ilhuk7ilhuk gks tkS] 'jhj IwIus
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lansg eX py7py dj IwIrk g,] Fdrk g,4IwIsxk gh] Fdsxk gh] D;kXfd lansg thou ugC g,4 lansg rks fo"kDr g,4
ftldks Hh mldh vknr yx xB4 og mls feIkrk g,] vk®eg®;k djokrk g,4lansg fldks\Lrk g,] ekjrk g,4J0k
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rqégkjh laink jg tkSxh4 8eT8 ds vfrfjDr dqN Hh u cpsxk4vxj rqe J0k ls pys] rks 8eT8 Hj u cpsxk] vk,j lc
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g,4igyk oxZ lksprk gh ugC4 og rqégX Hksyk7Hkyk yxsxk4 Sslk Hh gks ldrk g,] fd rqégX Fks\Lk cq0w ekywe i\Ls4
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ls [ks xB g,4 ;k dHh dksB vkneh gksrk Hh g,] rks mldk irk ugC pyrk4 og bruk 'q0 lksuk gksrk g, fd rqégX mlds
thou eX dksB vkHw"< u fn[kB i\LXxs4 rqe mls cq0 dh efgek ls Hjk gqvk u ikvksxs4nwljk oxZ g, lansg djusokys
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lansg ls gh f?j tkrs gT4 ftuds pkjkX rjG lansg dk va/dkj gh cprk g,4 tks lansg dh ih\Lk ls xqtjrs gT] larki dks
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rd blds thou eX ∂kafr ?fIr ugC gksrh4 tc bldk lansg bruk †;knk gks tkrk g,] fd ;g lansg ij lansg djus
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cgqr de yksx igqaprs gT4 tks igqap tkrs gT] muds thou eX cq0®o dk tüe gks tkrk g,4 lansg ij lansg djrs gh lansg
fxj tkrk g,4 vk,j rc Sd J0k dk vkfoHkZo gksrk g,4;g J0k rqégX fn[kB i\Lsxh4 igys oxZ dh J0k rqégX fn[kB u
i\Lsxh] D;kXfd mleX foijhr fcydqy ugC g,4 og lGsn nhoky ij [Cph xB lGsn ydhj g,4 cq0 dkys çy,d7cksLZ
ij [Cph xB lGsn ydhj gT4 os rqégX fn[kB i\LXxs] lfn;kX rd fn[kB i\LXxs4 os vuar dky rd fn[kB i\Lrs jgXxs4
mudh efgek dk xq<xku tkjh jgsxk4nwljs oxZ dk ø;fDr vxj vius lansg eX iwjk7iwjk pyk tkS3 vk,j og pyk gh
tkrk g,3rks og ukf¬rd gksdj vkf¬rd gksrk g,4 blfyS mldh vkf¬rdrk eX igyh vkf¬rdrk ls †;knk efgek
fn[kB i\Lrh g,4 D;kXfd mlds thou eX Sd ∂kafr ?Irh g,] Sd Wikarj< gksrk g,4 vpkud va/dkj izdk' curk
g,4 vpkud lansg J0k cu tkrk g,4 ogh MtkZ] tks lansg curh Fh] J0k cu tkrh g,4 ogh MtkZ] tks fopkj curh
Fh] ÷;ku cu tkrh g,4 ogh MtkZ] tks le¬;kvkX eX my>h Fh] lekf/ cu tkrh g,4mlds thou eX bruh c\Lh ∂kafr
gksrh g, fd t,ls i®Fj vpkud mOdj pyus yxs4 lkjh nqfu;k dks fn[kB i\Lsxk4 mlds ihNs gtkjkX yksx pyXxs]
ø;fDr vius dks l®; eX gh ikrk g,4blfyS ge igys ø;fDr dh ppkZ u Hh djX] rks Hh pysxk4 D;kXfd mldks dksB
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dh] rkfd rqe nwljs dks Ohd ls le> yks4 vü;Fk nwljs dks le>uk eqfædy gksxk4dchj vk,j cq0 c\Ls rk√dd gT4
egkohj ls c\Lk rk√dd [kstuk eqfædy g,4 ysfdu mudk rdZ J0k ds fyS le√ir gks x;k g,4 dHh og rdZ J0k
ds foijhr y\Lk Fk] [wc y\Lk Fk] vkf[jh ne rd y\Lk Fk4 tc rd thrus dh dksB Hh vk'k cph Fh] rc rd
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ø;fDr rks vkf¬rd g, gh6 mls irk Hh ugC] fd og vkf¬rd g,4 nwljk ø;fDr vkf¬rd g, vk,j mls irk g,] fd og
vkf¬rd g, D;kXfd og ukf¬rdrk ls xqtjk g,4 igyk ø;fDr Sslk g,] tks dHh chekj gh ugC i\Lk] flj eX nnZ gh ugC
gqvk] og tkurk gh ugC fd chekjh D;k g,6 og tkurk gh ugC fd ¬ok¬ƒ; D;k g,] D;kXfd chekjh ds fcuk ¬ok¬ƒ; dks
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fpfd®ldkX ls xqtjk] fGj ¬o¬F gqvk4igyk ø;fDr tkxk] rc lqcg gh Fh4 nwljk ø;fDr tc tkxk rc vk/h jkr
Fh4 jkr eX HIdk] va/sjs eX OksdjX [kbq] fGj lqcg gqB4 igys ø;fDr us tc vka[ [ksyh] rc og eafnj eX gh Fk4
nwljs us tc vka[ [ksyh] rc mlus vius dks cktkj eX ik;k vk,j ;k_k dh] vk,j eafnj rd igqapk4igyk ø;fDr rhFZ
eX gh i,nk gksrk g,4 nwljk ø;fDr rhFZ;k_k djds rhFZ igqaprk g,4 ¬oHkorA nwljs ø;fDr dh ?ks"<k nwj7nwj rd lquh
tkrh g,4 nwj fnxar rd mldk uke xwatrk g,4 mlds 'çnkX dk ew¥; gksrk g,4 mlds 'çnkX ij fopkj djuk i\Lrk
vkf¬rd gT igys rjg ds vk,j u mügkXus nwljh rjg dh ukf¬rdrk tkuh g,4 os v/wjs7v/wjs gT] vk/s7vk/s gT]
fGGIh7fGGIh gT4Sd {< vkf¬rd] Sd {< ukf¬rd6 mudk eu c\Lk LkaokLksy g,4 os nks ukokX ij Sd lkF lokj
gT4 mudh nqfo/k rqe le> ldrs gks4 mudk d‘I Hkjh g,4 os r; gh ugC dj ik jgs gT fd dgka tkuk g,2 os pk,jkgs ij
gh [\Ls jgrs gT4 dHh Sd jk¬rs ij nks dne pyrs gT] fGj nwljs jk¬rs ij nks dne pyrs gT] fGj pk,jkgs ij yk,I vkrs
gT4;g nqfu;k eX lcls c\Lk oxZ g,4 igyk oxZ rks oxZ dguk dfOu g,4 bDds nqDds yksx gksrs gT4 ml rjg ds yksxkX dk
dHh fdlh dks irk ugC pyrk4 bfrgkl eX mudh dksB ¬e1fr ugC NwIrh4 mügX ge Nks\L ldrs gT4 mudk fopkj djuk
vFZiw<Z ugC g,4 muds dksB infpüg ugC NwIrs4 D;kssafd os dksB ;k_k gh ugC djrs rks infpüg d,ls NwIsxk` os eafnj eX
gh vius dks ikrs gT4 mügX ge Nks\L nX4 os gekjs fdlh dke ds Hh ugC gT4D;kXfd rqeus vius dks eafnj eX ik;k gksrk rks
rqe ;gka gksrs gh ugC4 rqeus ugC ik;k vius dks eafnj eX] rqedks nwljk vkneh dqN dke dk gks ldrk g,4 vxj rqégkjs
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vk,j lansg ugC feyrs] os ikuh vk,j rsy t,ls gT4 mudk feyuk gksrk gh ugC4 ikuh Hh [jkc gks tkrk g,] rsy Hh [jkc
gks tkrk g,4ij ;g c\Ls ls c\Lk oxZ g, nqfu;k eX4 vk,j bl oxZ dh rdyhG ;g g, fd og lnk dqudquk jgrk g,]
mcyrk ugC4 ;k rks lansg gh iwjk dy yks] ;k J0k gh iwjh dj yks4 ;g rks eT tkurk gwa] fd J0k rqe iwjh u dj
ldksxs] D;kXfd og rks igys oxZ ds ø;fDr dh y{<k g,4nwljk ø;fDr rqe cu ldrs gks rhljh dksfI ls4 rqe lansg gh
iwjk dj yks4 rqe [wc fopkj eX yx tkvks4 rqe lksp gh yks4 t¥nh Hh ugC g, dqN fu<Z; ysus dh4 lansg dks iwjk dj
yks] rkfd lansg dk lkai viuk Gu >qdk ys4 rqe xqtj tkvkX ml ;k_k ls3budkj dh ;k_k ls] udkj dh ;k_k ls]
8ugC8 dh ;k_k ls3xqtj tkvks2 D;kXfd tjk lk Hh 8ugC8 vxj Hhrj cpk jgk] rks 8gka8 dgus eX vlqfo/k vkSxh4
vk,j tc rd rqe ifji<Z Ôn; ls 8gka8 u dg ldksxs] rc rd rqégX ijek®ek dh dksB >yd u fey ldsxh4xqtjks2
nqfo/k eX er jgks4 lansg dks pquks] rkfd rqe de ls de nwljh dksfI ds ø;fDr gks tkvks4 nwljh dksfI ls ekxZ igyh
dksfI dk [qyrk g,4 vk,j rhljh dksfI ls igyh dksfI eX tkus dk dksB lh/k mik; ugC g,4 lansg djrs rqe d,ls iwjh
J0k dj ldrs gks` bls Fks\Lk le> yks4tjk lk Hh lansg Hhrj jgsxk] J0k v/wjh jgsxh4 vk,j v/wjh J0k vJ0k
ls cnrj g,4 mldk dksB ew¥; gh ugC g,4 og tc gksrh g, iwjh] rHh gksrh g,4 og tc gksrh g, iwjh] rHh mldh xfjek
g,4 og tc gksrh g, iwjh] rHh rqégX Wikarfjr djrh g, vk,j cnyrh g,4t,ls lk, fLxzh xeñ ij ikuh Hki curk g,] o,ls
gh lk, fLxzh lansg ij rqégkjh thou7MtkZ J0k curh g,6 mlls de eX ugC curh4 rks rqe nwljh dksfI eX tkvks] rkfd
igyh dksfI dk }kj [qy tkS4fGj Sd pk,Fk oxZ g,] og lcls c\Lk oxZ g,4 mldks u rks J0k g,] u lansg g,4 mlds
thou eX loky gh ugC mOk4 mls izæu gh ugC mOs4 mlds fyS dchj dgrs gT] 8lqf[;k lc lalkj g,] [k;, vQ
lkso,488og pk,Fk oxZ g,4 os [krs gT] lksrs gT] vk,j c\Ls lq[h gT4 D;kXfd ;k_k gks rks Fks\Lk d‘I Hh gksrk g,3pyuk
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thou eX dksB mi∂e ugC g,] dksB vfH;ku ugC g,] dksB [kst ugC g,] dksB ;k_k ugC g,4 ;g lcls c\Lk oxZ g,4 Sd
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jgs gks mifu"n eX` D;kX le; [jkc djrs gks` bruh nsj [kvks] fi;ks] lksvks4Sslk oxZ v®;ar lrg ij thrk g,4 u
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fudy tkSa] dchj Hh fp¥ykrs fudy tkSa rks Ssls oxZ ds dku eX vkokt ugC i\Lrh4 og le>rk g,] dksB ikxy
gksxk4 fdlh dk fnekx [jkc gks x;k g,4 vü;Fk pqipki [kvks vk,j lksvks4 lalkj eX vkS gks] Hksx yks4 tks g,]
mlls ikj ns[us dh mldh lkeƒ;Z ugC g,4 og va/s ls va/k oxZ g,4bl pk,Fs oxZ ls gh /uifr i,nk gksrs gT] /u dh
lekt dk cgqtu fg¬lk cuk g,4 i®Fj t,lk i\Lk g,4bls rks dchj ds opu le> eX Hh u vkSaxs4 ysfdu Sslk vkneh
le>us Hh ugC vkrk4 bl pk,Fs oxZ eX ls Sd Hh vkneh ;gka ugC g,4 og bruh nwj Hh ugC vkSxk4 og gks ldrk g,]
;gka i\Lksl eX gh jgrk gks4 mldks flGZ g,jkuh gksrh g, fd brus yksx lqcg7lqcg ;gka D;kX vkrs gT` brus le; dk
dqN mi;ksx dj yks4 D;kX vlkj thou xaok jgs gks`ftl thou dks og thrk g,] ogh mlds fyS lkj g,4 mldks
d¥iuk Hh ugC g,] fd blls ikj thou gks ldrk g,4 laosnuk Hh ugC g, mleX] fd blls fHU Hh dqN gks ldrk g,]
blls Js‘O Hh gks ldrk g,] blls lqanj Hh gks ldrk g,4 og lksprk g,] tks g,] cl] ;gC lc lekîr g,4 n1æ; ij lc
lekîr g,] mlds ihNs dqN Hh fNik ugC g,4Ssls vkneh ds thou eX jg¬; dk dksB vuqcks/ ugC gksrk4 jg¬; dh dksB
iqdkj ugC mOrh4 Sslk vkneh thrk de g,] ejrk †;knk g,4 Ssls vkneh ds fnu uCn ls Hjs fnu gT4 og ewfπNZr
g,4eksgéen us Ssls ø;fDr;kX ds fyS dgk g,] fd vxj igk\L eksgéen ds ikl u vkSxk rks eksgéen igk\L ds ikl
tkSxk4 igk\L vkrk gh ugC eksgéen ds ikl4 ;g pk,Fs oxZ ds fyS eksgéen us dgk g,] fd vxj rqe u vk ldksxs rks
eT rqégkjs ikl vkMaxk4 ysfdu blls Hh dksB GdZ ugC i\Lrk4 eksgéen Hh tkS] rks Sslk vkneh njoktk can dj ysrk
g, vk,j dgrk g,] vkxs6 dgC vk,j tkvks] ;gka uCn [jkc er djks4 ge 'kafr ls lks jgs gT4 vk,j liuk cgqr vπNk
py jgk Fk4 eksgéen ds tkus ls dksB GdZ ugC i\Lrk4 igk\L igk\L gh g,4 blds Hhrj dksB psruk gh ugC txh g,4bl
pk,Fs rjg ds ø;fDr eX rks thou dh dksB ?Iuk gh Sslh ?I tkS] tks mls fryfeyk ns4 dksB Sslh ?Iuk ?I tkS] tks
mldks pksI ns ns] vk,j lius dks Fks\Lk >d>ksj ns4 dksB Sslh ?Iuk ?I tkS] tks mls lkspus dks foo' dj ns4 fdlh
¬_h dks og izse djrk gks vk,j og ¬_h ej tkS] rks 'k;n Sd {< dks mls [;ky mOs] fd ;g thou lkj g,` ftl
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fnokfy;k gks tkS] in [ks tkS] izfr‘Ok pyh tkS] rks 'k;n2Ssls ø;fDr ds fyS tc rd thou eX dksB Sslh nqA[kar
?Iuk u ?I tkS] tks lkjh vrhr dh ø;o¬Fk dks fryfeyk ns] rc rd mlds thou eX /eZ dh dksB fdj< ugC
vkrh] fopkj gh ugC vkrk4 Ssls ø;fDr ds fyS nqA[ dh ?Iuk gh Sdek_ mik; g,4blfyS Kkfu;kX us dgk g,] nqA[
dks lnk nqA[ er ekuuk] dHh og vk'h" Hh g,4 pk,Fs oxZ ds fyS fufæpr ogh Sdek_ vk'h" g,] ogh Sdek_
ojnku g,] D;kXfd mlhls mldh ;k_k 'qW gks ldrh g,4 vü;Fk og nck gh jgsxk vius va/dkj eX4;g pk,Fk oxZ gh
cktkjkX eX c,Ok g,] nqdkukX ij c,Ok g,4 lc rjG G,yk gqvk g,4 ;g pk,Fk oxZ gh nqfu;k dks ø;o¬Fk ns jgk g,] D;kXfd
mldh c\Lh la“;k g,4 er mldk g,4 og pkgs vius dks Vgnw dgs] pkgs eqlyeku dgs] pkgs BlkB dgs] ;s lc ckrX
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dgrk g,] Vgnw gwa] BlkB gwa] eqlyeku gwa4 GdZ mls dqN fn[kB ugC i\Lrk] fd bueX dksB GdZ g,4 dksB GdZ ugC g,4
jl mldk fdlh eX Hh ugC g,4 og ckbfcy ?j eX j[s jgrk g,] flGZ /wy terh g,4eTus lquk g, fd Sd ø;fDr us Sd
}kj ij n¬rd nh4 efgyk us }kj [ksyk4 ml ø;fDr us dgk] fd eT 'çndks" csprk gwa] fLD'ujh csprk gwa4 vk,j Sd
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Isfcy ij j[h gqB fdrkc crk nh nwj ls4 ml vkneh us dgk fd og 'çndks" ugC gks ldrk] og ckbfcy g,4og
efgyk c\Lh g,jku gqB] og ckbfcy Fh2 og rks flG cgkuk F fd 'çndks' g,3Ikyus ds fyS ckr dh Fh4 mlus
dgk fd g,jkuh dh ckr g,4 rqeus d,ls tkuk] fd og ckbfcy g,`mlus dgk] teh /wy crk jgh g,4 'çndks" rks dksB
dHh7dHh ns[rk Hh g,] ml ij bruh /wy ugC te ldrh4 flGZ ckbfcy ij] osn ij Sslh /wy dh irë xerh gT4
dksB dHh mOk dj Hh ns[rk g,`vc Vgnw dgs pys tkrs gT] fd osn Hxoku g,6 mueX ls Sd mOkdj ugC ns[rk] fd
og Hxoku d,lk g,2vk,j rqe ns[ksxs rks cgqr g,jku gksvksxs4 osn ds lk, opukX eX Sdk/ opu gh osn t,lk g,4 ckdh rks
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dksB fdlku Hxoku ls izkFZuk dj jgk g,] fd esjs [sr ij †;knk ikuh cjlk nsuk vk,j esjs '_q ds [sr ij de2 vc
osn Hxoku g,] bleX blds gksus dh D;k tWjr` vk,j ;g Hh dksB ckr gqB2 ;g /k√ed vkneh dk y{< gqvk2 fd
esjs '_qvkX dh xk;kX dk nw/ [ks tkS2 ;g Hh la;qDr osn eX bdØk g,4 ij mls rqeus dHh ns[k gh ugC g,4 vπNk gh
g,] ugC rks rqégX 'd i,nk gksrs4;g tks pk,Fs rjg dk ø;fDr g,] eafnj Hh pyk tkrk g,] exj og lkekftd ø;o¬Fk
dk fg¬lk g,] og bldh î;kl ugC g,4 blds daO eX dksB î;kl ugC g,4 ;g ikuh ij izopu lqu ysrk g,] ysfdu ikuh
ihus dh bldh dksB m®daOk ugC g,4 tc ;g eafnj tkrk g, rks ljksoj dh ryk' eX ugC tkrk4 Hh\L tk jgh g,] bls Hh
tkuk mfpr g,] D;kXfd Hh\L ds lkF jguk lqfo/kiw<Z g,4 Hh\L ds foijhr pyuk vlqfo/kiw<Z g,4 Hh\L ilan ugC djrh
fd dksB Hh\L ls vyx pys4 D;kXfd ml ls Hh\L ds vgadkj dks pksI igqaprh g,4rks lc fuHk ysrk g,3ij fuHk jgk
g,4 blds varA izk<kX eX dgC dksB oh<k ugC ctrh4 eafnj ds ?aIs ctrs jgrs gT] blds Hhrj dksB ÷ofu izos' ugC
djrh4 iwtk gksrh jgrh g, eafnj eX] vpZuk ds nhi tyrs jgrs gT] blds Hhrj dksB fdj< ugC igqaprh4 /wi tyrh g,]
lqxa/ mOrh g,] ij blds Hhrj lc futZu g,4 ogka dksB lqxa/ dk izos' ugC gksrk4 ogka bldh viuh thou dh tks
nqxq/ g,] ogh vkokl fdS jgrh g,4;s pkj rjg ds yksx gT4 igys rjg ds yksxkX eX bruh ljyrk gksxh fd mudh
ljyrk ds dkj< gh mudh dksB js[k thou ij ugC NwIsxh4 mudk irk gh ugC pysxk4 gok ds >kXds dh rjg os vkSaxs
vk,j pys tkSaxs4 mueX ls c\Ls î;kjs yksx gkXxs4 os viuh i®uh dks izse djXxs] vius cπpkX dks izse djXxs4 muds fudI
tks vkSxk] mls izse nXxs] J0k nXxs4 ysfdu os euq‘;rk dks izse djus dh ckr ugC djXxs4 u gh os dgXxs] fd jk‘I≠ ds
fyS dqjcku gks tkvks4 u gh os dgXxs] fd /eZ [rjs eX g,4 os th yXxs /eZ dks4 /eZ mudk thou gksxk] æokl7æokl
gksxk] mudk oDrø; ugC gksxk4 blfyS mudk rqégX dksB irk ugC pysxk4ykvks®ls dk Sd c\Lk iqjkuk opu g, fd
ije larkX dk irk gh ugC pyrk4 d,ls pys irk` gks ldrk g,] rqégkjs i\Lksl eX gh dksB jgrk gks4 vk,j ;g Hh gks
ldrk g, fd rqégkjs ?j eX ghr dksB jgrk gks4 gks ldrk g, rqégkjk ifr] rqégkjh i®uh] rqégkjk csIk ml ije vo¬Fk eX
gks] ysfdu irk ugC pysxk4 og ckr bruh 'kar g,] og ckr bruh ek,u g,] og ?Iuk bruh vn1æ; g, ~ ~ ~nwljk oxZ
lokZf/d egÂoiw<Z fl0 gksrk g,] D;kXfd og ukf¬rdrk ls xqtjrk g,] ih\Lk ls xqtjrk g,] ujd ls xqtjrk g, vk,j fGj
gksrh g, lqcg4 va/dkj ds ckn mxrk g, lwjt4 c\Ls larki ds ckn ¬oxZ dh izrhfr gksrh g,] og ukp mOrk g,4 ;g
nwljk oxZ lansg dj7dj ds Sd fnu ml vo¬Fk eX igqaprk g,] tgka daO eX î;kl txrh g,6 tgka og iqdkjrk g,6 tgka
ijek®ek vk,j blds chp vuar nwjh ekywe i\Lrh g, vk,j ijek®ek ds lkF Sd gks tkus dk Hko vk,j vHhîlk i,nk gksrh
g,4;s dchj ds opu ml nwljs ø;fDr ds gh opu gT4 nwljh dksfI ds opu gT4 nwljh dksfI ls gh c\Ls nk'Zfud i,nk gksrs
gT] vxj os lansg eX gh jg tkSa4 c\Ls fopkjd3îysIks] vj¬rw] dkaI] ghxsy] jlsy4 vxj os lansg eX gh jg tkSa rks
c\Ls nk'Zfud i,nk gksrs gT4 vxj os lansg dk vfr∂e< dj tkSa rks c\Ls jg¬;oknh lar i,nk gksrs gT3ykvks®ls] Α<]
cq0] dchj4blh nwljs oxZ ls egku dfo i,nk gksrs gT4 vxj os lansg eX gh jg tkSa rks mudh dforkSa lalkj ls
lacaf/r gksrh gT] dke7okluk ls izsfjr gksrh gT4 rks mudh dforkSa r1‘<k dks gh Wi nsrh gT] okluk dh gh ew√r;ka
fu√er djrh gT4vk,j vxj os lansg ds ikj gks tkSa rks mifu"n ds +f" i,nk gksrs gT] dfo i,nk gksrs gT] ø;kl i,nk gksrs
gT] joC–ukF i,nk gksrs gT] [yhy ftczku i,nk gksrs gT4 rc7rc mudh dforkvkX eX mudh J0k dk vkfoHkZo gksrk g,4
rc mudh dfork ls mudh J0k cgrh g,4;g nwljk oxZ lcls †;knk iksIXf';y] lcls †;knk laHkoukvkX ls Hjk
gqvk oxZ g,4 vk,j vxj rqe vius dks nwljs oxZ eX ikrs gks] rks ftruh t¥nh gks lds] lansg dh ;k_k iwjh dj yks4 vk,j
v/wjk er Nks\Luk lansg dks] vü;Fk og lnk rqégkjk ihNk djsxk4÷;ku j[uk bl lw_ dks] fd ftl vuqHo dks Hh
rqeus vk/k Nks\L fn;k] og lnk rqégkjs flj ds vklikl eaLjkSxk] og rqégkjk vkHk7eaLy cu tkSxk4 og rqégkjk
ihNk u Nks\Lsxk4 og rqégkjs liukX eX Nk;k Lkysxk] og rqégkjh oklukvkX eX mrjsxk] og rqégkjh dkeukvkX eX fp_
fu√er djsxk4 og rqégX LxexkSxk] og rqégX ihNs [Cpsxk] og rqégX vkxs u tkus nsxk4 og rqégkjs i,j eX tathj
Gy t,ls gh tehu ij fxjrk g,] o,ls gh o1{ J0k dks miyç/ gks tkrk g,4 vxj rqe ikvks fd rqe nwljs oxZ eX ugC
gks] rhljs oxZ eX gks] ftldh laHkouk cgqr g,3fd rqe LkaokLksy gks] fd u rqe J0k dj ldrs] u rqe lansg dj
ldrs] rks nks laHkoukSa gT4vxj rqe iafLrkX vk,j iqtkfj;kX dh lquksxs rks os dgXxs] Nks\Lks lansg vk,j J0k dks id\L
yks4 eT rqels og u dgwaxk] D;kXfd rqégkjh J0k rc fcydqy >wOh gksxh4 vk,j rqégkjh J0k ds Hhrj lansg dh vkx
tyrh jgsxh4 rqe Mij7Mij ls J0k dks vks\P yksxs o¬_kX t,lk] ysfdu rqégkjh vk®ek lansg dh jgksxh4 vk,j vafre
Wi ls fu<kZ;d rqégkjs Hhrj tks g,] ogh g,4 rqégkjk ckgj fu<kZ;d ugC g,4 o¬_kX ls dgC dksB fu<Z; gksrk g,` rqe
lqanj o¬_ igu dj lqanj ugC gks tkrs] laqnj Ôn; pkfgS4 u gh rqe lqanj vkHw"< igu dj lqanj gks tkrs gks] lqanj
vk®ek pkfgS4ugC] Mij ls vks\Ph J0k dqN dke u vkSxh4 jke pnfj;k rqe er vks\Puk4 mlls dqN gy gksus okyk
ugC g,4 jke tc rd Ôn; eX gh u mrj tkS] rc rd dqN lkj ugC g,4rks vxj rqe rhljh dksfI eX vius dks ikrs gks]
rks rqe lansg dks c\Pkvks] rkfd rqe 'h?z gh nwljh dksfI eX izos' dj tkvks4 fGj rqe lansg dks iwjh rjg th yks] rkfd
rqe igyh dksfI eX izos' dj tkvks4vk,j eT ugC lksprk fd pk,Fh dksfI dk dksB ø;fDr ;gka gksxk4 og bruk Hh Je
ugC djrk4 ysfdu vxj og rqégX dgC fey tkS] rks mlds lkF rqe ø;FZ flj er rks\Luk4 og igk\L g,4 mlds lkF
rqe 'fDr er xaokuk4 mlds fyS rqe flGZ izkFZuk dj ldrs gks fd ijek®ek mls dksB thou dh Sslh ?\Lh ns] tgka
mldh uCn IwI tkS4cq0 us dgk g, fd tc Hh rqe izkFZuk djks] rc ml fojkI cgqtu lekt ds fyS izkFZuk djuk]
tks lks;k g,4 gj izkFZuk ds ckn rqe mldk ¬ej< djuk fd mldh uCn IwI tkS4 rqégkjh izkFZuk gh mlds fyS lg;ksxh
gks ldrh g,] rqégkjk fookn ugC] rqégkjk izopu ugC] rqégkjs opu ugC4rqe pk,Fs dks le>k u ikvksxs4 mls iz;kstu gh
ugC g,4 og Sslk gh g,] t,ls dksB NksIs ls cπps dks dke okluk ds laca/ eX le>kS] vk,j og cπpk dksB jl u ys6
D;kXfd vHh dke okluk txh gh ugC4 rks rqe pkgs ok®¬;k;u dk dkelw_ le>kvks] pkgs Ìk;L dk euksfoæys"<
le>kvks] og cπpk dgsxk] can djks cdokl4 ;g rqe D;k dg jgs gks` vHh dke okluk mOh ugC] Fks\Lk mls izk,\P
gksus nks4rks pk,Fs oxZ ds lkF c\Lh izrh{k pkfgS4 dB ckj yksx mlds lkF flj [ikrs gT3ø;FZ2 mldk dksB lkj
ugC g,4 rqe izrh{k djks] idus nks mls4 og vius ls gh Sd ?\Lh vkSxh mlds thou eX] rc ;k_k 'qW gks ldrh
g,4÷;ku j[uk] igys ds fyS flGZ izkFZuk dh tk ldrh g,4 nwljs dks lgkjk fn;k tk ldrk g,4 rhljs dks c\Ls nwj rd
;k_k djok;h tk ldrh g,4 vk,j pk,Fs dks tWjr gh ugC g,4;s pkj oxZ gT4 bleX rqe dgka gks] ml ij gh fuHZj djsxk]
fd dchj ds opu rqégkjs Hhrj D;k vFZ ysrs gT4blfyS Kkfu;kX ds gj opu ds pkj vFZ gkXxs4 dHh7dHh eT lksprk
gwa fd pkjkX vFZ dWa] ysfdu rc rqe c\Lh eqfædy eX i\L tkvksxs4 cgqr my>u gks tkSxh4 blfyS eT rhljs ø;fDr
dk vFZ djrk gwa4 rqe o,ls gh my>s gks] vk,j u my> tkvks4 8vka[fj;k >kaB i\Lh] iaF fugkj fugkj4 thHf\L;k Nkyk
i\Lk] jke iqdkfj iqdkfj44 bl ru dk nhok djkT] ckrh e,¥;wa tho4 yksgh lhpkT rsy †;wa] dc eq[ ns“;kT iho44
lqf[;k lc lalkj g,] [k;, vQ lk,os4 nqf[;k nkl dchj g,] tkx, vQ jkso,4 u,u rks >fj ykb;k] jgaI cg, fulqokj4
ifigk †;kX fim fim jI,] fi;k feyu dh vkl44 dfcjk o,nk cqykb;k] idfj ds ns[h ckafg4 o,n u osnu tkuB]
djd dysts ekafg44 ftldk lansg fxj x;k] mlds thou eX î;kl dk vkfoHkZo gksrk g,4 tc rd lansg g,] rc rd
rks î;kl gks gh ugC ldrh4 tc rd rqégX ;g Hjkslk gh ugC vk x;k fd ijek®ek g,] rc rd rqe d,ls iqdkjksxs` rc
rd d,ls 8thHf\L;k Nkyk i\Lk] jke iqdkfj iqdkfj28ikxy gks rqe] fd thH ij Nkys i\L tkSa] bruk rqe jke dks
iqdkjksxs] ftl jke ij J0k gh ugC2 rc rqe ;g djksxs fd iqtkjh j[ yksxs] ru[k ns nksxs fd rw 8jke jke8 iqdkj4
thHf\L;k Nkyk i\Ls] rks rsjh thH ij i\Ls4 ge mldk i,lk ns nsrs gT4rks rqe iqjksfgr dks cqyk ysrs gks ;K djus4 /uifr
eafnj cuk nsrs gT ?j eX] vk,j Sd iqtkjh j[ nsrs gT4 vk,j iqtkjh D;kX thH ij Nkyk Lkysxk` i,ls ds fyS dksB thH
ij Nkyk Lkyrk g,` og Hh /hjs7/hjs jke7jke dgrk g,4 og Hh ns[ ysrk g,4 tc ekfyd xqtjrk g, eafnj ds ikl
ls] rks og tksj7tksj ls 8jke jke8 dgus yxrk g,4 og jke dks ugC iqdkj jgk g,] og ekfyd ds dkukX dks le>k jgk
nsrs ugC2rks iqtkjh gT] iafLr gT] thou Hj jke iqdkjrs jgrs gT4 u rks thH ij Nkys i\Lrs gT] u vka[ eX >kaB i\Lrh ~ ~
~ ø;olk; g,2iafLr Hh thou Hj fp¥yk7fp¥yk dj ø;FZ gh fp¥ykrk jgrk g,4 og i,ls ys ysrk g,] fuiIkjk gks
x;k4 vk,j ftlds fyS fp¥yk jgk g,] mldks D;k [kd feysxk dqN2D;k rqeus dHh uk,dj j[k g, viuh i®uh ds
ikl tkdj izse izdI djus dks` i,lk gks] rks j[ ysuk pkfgS Sd equhe4 og tkS] i®uh ds lkeus gkF tks\L dj vk,j
izkFZuk vk,j izse izdI dj vkS] vk,j rqégkjh >a>I cp tkS2fdlh fnu /uifr j[Xxs4 D;kXfd ;g Hh mi–o ekywe
i\Lrk g,4 vk,j tks uk,dj ls fuiI tkS dke] mls [qn djus eX D;k lkj g,` bruh nsj eX rqe gtkj nwljs dke dj ldrs
gks4ysfdu bleX rqégX galh vkrh g, i®uh ds ikl uk,dj Hstus eX] ysfdu ijek®ek ds ikl Hstus eX` rks rqeus ijek®ek
dks i®uh ls Hh x;k7chrk le>k` izse dgC uk,dj dks Hst ldrk g,` izse rks ¬o;a tkSxk4 izse dgC uk,dj ls dgsxk]
fd rw iqdkj] esjk dke rw fuiIk ns] eT tjk nwljs tWjh dke eX my>k gwa` izse lc dke Nks\L nsxk vk,j ijek®ek dks
iqdkjsxk4;g rhljh n'k g, vkneh dh] tc lansg fxj tkrk g,4 vk,j dchj ;|fi lqf'f{r ugC gT] ysfdu c\Ls
rdZfu‘O gT4 dchj ds rdZ dk D;k dguk2 mügkXus fdlh foæofo|ky; eX rdZ ugC i\Pk g,4 foæofo|ky; eX i\Pus ls
rks rdZ eX Sd rjg dh lw”erk Hh vk tkrh g,] dchj dk rdZ rks t,ls flj ij dksB lh/k LaLk ekj ns] o,lk rdZ g,4
exj rdZ c\Lk izxk\P g,4lqcg7lqcg elftn eX dksB vtku i\P jgk g, vk,j dchj dgrs gT] D;k cgjk gqvk g, [qnk`
D;k rsjk [qnk cgjk gks x;k g,] tks bruh tksj ls fp¥yk jgk g,` Ôn; dh xwat lquh tkrh g,4 bruh tksj ls fp¥ykus dh
D;k tWjr` vk,j ehukj ij p\Pdj fp¥ykus dh D;k tWjr`cgqr rdZfu‘O gT4 lansg fd;k gksxk [wc2 vc lansg ls
ihf\Lr gks xS gT4 ÷;ku j[uk] lansg Sslk g,] t,ls gkF eX dksB vaxkjk j[ ys4 tykrk g, [qn dks] ?ko dj nsrk g,4
tc le> eX vkrk g,] rc irk pyrk g, fd lansg ls rqe ijek®ek dks rks u feIk ikS] vius dks feIk fnS4 lansg ls
rqe ;g rks fl0 u dj ikS fd ijek®ek ugC g,] flGZ bruk gh fl0 gqvk fd rqégkjk thou ø;FZ x;k4ijek®ek g,
D;k`rqégkjs thou dh ew¥;oRk g,4ijek®ek dk vFZ D;k g,`mldk bruk gh vFZ g, fd rqégkjs thou eX vFZ g,4 vk,j
rks dksB vFZ ugC g,4 ijek®ek dk bruk gh vFZ g, fd rqégkjk thou ;wa gh ugC g,] la;ksx ugC g,6 Sd la;kstu] Sd
laxhr g,4 rqégkjk thou Ssls gh gks x;k vk,j lekîr gks tkSxk Sslk ugC3ldkj< g,] ;kstuk g,] ihNs dksB gkF
g,4t,ls fdlh fp_dkj us fdlh fp_ dks cuk;k gks] Sslk g, rqégkjk thou3dksB ltho gkF] dksB psruk2 Sslk ugC g,
fd gok dk >kXdk vk;k vk,j jsr ij fpüg cu xS4 Sslk ugC g, rqégkjk thou4 Sd nq?ZIuk ek_ ugC g,] la;ksx ek_
ugC g,4 Sd lqfu;ksftr b'kjk g, ihNs4 Sslk ugC g,] fd canj c,O x;k Ikbijk;Ij ij vk,j mlus Oksd fn;k vk,j dqN
'çn vk xS2 Sslk ugC g,4Sslk g,] t,ls fdlh dfo us xhr dks xk;k4 vc yk[ canj dks rqe fcOkS j[ks yk[kX lky
rd vk,j vπNs ls vπNk Ikbijk;Ij ns nks] vk,j canj Oksdrk jgs6 D;k rqe lksprs gks dHh xhrkatfy la;ksxo'kr i,nk
gks tkSxh Oksdrs7Oksdrs`tks yksx dgrs gT] Bæoj ugC g,] os ;gh dg jgs gT fd vxj canj dks Hh leqfpr le; fn;k
tkS] vπNk Ikbijk;Ij fn;k tkS vk,j og c,Ok7c,Ok Oksdrk jgs3D;kXfd og Oksdrk gh jgsxk] canj c,O ugC ldrk
[kyh2 cl bruk mldks irk py tkS] fd bls Oksdus ls dkxt ljdrk g,] dqN7dqN v{j curs gT] rks og Oksdrk
gh jgsxk4D;k rqe lksprs gks dHh xhrkatfy i,nk gks tkSxh` ;k thll dk ljeu vku n ekMaI] ;k Α< dh xhrk`
vlaHo2 fdrus gh la;ksx gksrs jgX2Sd p,rü; pkfgS4 Bæoj dks budkj tc rqe djrs gks rks rqe ;g dg jgs gks] fd
rqégkjk thou Sd ø;FZrk g,4 bls rqe fdruh nsj >sy ikvksxs` rqe ø;FZ vius dks ekudj d,ls th ikvksxs` rqégkjk
vFZ [ks tkSxk rks rqégkjs jgus dk dkj< [ks tkSxk] rqégkjs gksus dk dkj< [ks tkSxk4 rc rqe ?lhIksxs4 rc rqe
flGZ ek,r dh izrh{k djksxs] fd dc vk tkS vk,j NqIdkjk gks tkS4ftuds thou eX ijek®ek ugC] muds thou eX
ek,r ds vfrfjDr vk,j D;k gks ldrk g,4 vk,j ek,r Hh dksB vk'k djus t,lh ckr g,` izrh{k djus t,lh`dchj us
fd;k g, lansg4 lansg ls tys gT4 fxj x;k lansg4 vc Sd uS thou dk lw_ikr gqvk g,4vka[fj;k >kaB i\Lh ~ ~ ~
vc izrh{k 'qW gqB g,4 izrh{k rHh 'qW gksrh g,] tc J0k 'qW gks4 dksB vkus dks g,3dksB vfrfF4 vk,j rqe
vkus okys ij gh lc fuHZj g,4 vxj og vkSxk] rks gh rqégkjs thou eX vFZ xwatsxk4 vxj og vkSxk rks gh rqégkjs
thou dh oh<k ctsxh4 vxj og vkSxk rks gh rqe ukpksxs4 vxj og vkSxk rks gh dqN lkj g,4 vxj og u vk;k
rks lc ø;FZ g,] lc vlkj g,4 gqS] u gqS cjkcj g,4 vxj og u vk;k rks rqe feÈh gks] vxj og vk;k rks rqe ¬o<Z
gks tkvksxs4mlds infpüg] mldh inpki] mldh }kj ij n¬rd2~&% 1 8vka[fj;k >kaB i\Lh iaF fugkj fugkj8 dksB
HDr gh jkg ns[rk g,4vk,j GdZ ;gka le> ysuk4 ;ksxh rks [kstus fudy tkrk g,] HDr jkg ns[rk g,4 ;g GdZ
g,4;ksxh rks [kst eX fudy tkrk g,] fd ijek®ek dks [kstuk g,4 rks fgeky; tkrk g,] lk/rk g,] ;g f∂;k] og
f∂;k3gtkj mik; djrk g,] lk/u djrk g,4HDr D;k djs` D;kXfd HDr dgrk g,] eq>s irk gh ugC fd rw d,ls
l/sxk` rsjk gh eq>s irk ugC4 rw fdl ckr ls jkth gksxk] ;g eT d,ls tkuwa` D;kXfd rsjk eq>s dqN irk ugC4 esgeku
irk gks] rks rqe mlds fyS fc¬rj yxk j[rs gks] xje ikuh dj j[rs gks] Hkstu cuk j[rs gks] D;kXfd rqégX irk g,]
dk,u esgeku g,6 mldh D;k ilan g,] D;k ukilan g,2eT Sd Ssls esgeku dks [kstus eX yxk gwa] HDr dgrk g,] ftlls
dHh esjk feyuk rks gqvk ugC4 eT d,ls dWa` D;k r,;kjh dWa`dchj dgrs gT] vka[ can dWa` ukd Wa/w` 'h"kZlu
dWa` irk ugC ;s rq>s jktuh i\LXxs] u i\LXxs2 rks HDr dgrk g,] eT rks bruk gh dj ldrk gwa fd vka[ [ksydj }kj
ij c,Ok rsjh izrh{k dWa4HDr dh lkjh lk/uk izrh{k g,4vk,j izrh{k ls c\Lh dksB lk/uk ugC g,] D;kXfd izrh{k
lcls dfOu g,4lk/uk eX dqN rks djus dks jgrk g,4 rks rqe ø;¬r jgrs gks4 ekyk ti jgs gks] c,Os gks] iwtu dj jgs
gks4 c,Os gks vklu tek dj] izk<k;ke dj jgs gks4 dqN djus dks jgrk g,] eu my>k jgrk g,] vkyacu jgrk g,4 eu
yxk jgrk g,4HDr flGZ izrh{k djrk g,4izrh{k dk vFZ g,] eu 'wü; gks] rks gh izrh{k gks ldrh g,4fopkj chp eX u
gks6 vü;Fk esgeku vkSxk vk,j vxj fopkj chp eX jgs] rks rqe ns[ u ikvksxs4 rks HDr fu√opkj gksdj izrh{k
djrk g,4 lc gIk nsrk g, fopkj4 cl] mldh jkg ns[rk g,4~&% 1 8vka[fj;k >kaB i\Lh] iaF fugkj fugkj8 og dgrk
g,] vka[X Fd xbq] cw\Ph gks xbq4 >kaB i\L xB vka[kX eX4 iyd Hh ugC >i ldrk] irk ugC rw dc vk tkS2
dchj us dgk g,] vka[ ugC >i ldrk D;kXfd irk ugC] ogh iy rsjs vkus dk iy gks6 vk,j eT fGj pwd tkMa4 rks
vka[X [ksys c,Ok gwa48iaF fugkj fugkj38jkg ij vka[ fIdkS gwa] fd rw vkrk gksxk4 fd cl vc rw vkrk gksxk4 fd
vc esjh izrh{k dk var djhc vkrk g,48thHf\L;k Nkyk i\Lk] jke iqdkfj iqdkfj48vk,j rq>s iqdkjrk gwa fd 'k;n rw
esjh vkokt lqu ys48bl ru dk nhok djkT83r,;kj gwa] rsjh jkg ns[ jgk gwa] rw vk Hj tkS48bl ru dk nhok
djkT83rks bl 'jhj dks eT nh;k cuk nwaxk48ckrh e,¥;wa tho8 vk,j vius izk<kX dh ckrh yxk nwaxk48yksgh lhpT rsy
†;wa83vk,j vius [wu ls nh;s dks Hj nwaxk] t,ls rsy ls Hj fn;k gks4cl] Sd gh vk'k g,4 ;g lc djus dks r,;kj
gwa4
nqf[;k nkl dchj g,] tkx, vQ jkso,448 c\Lk vnHqr opu g,2Mij ls ns[us ij dchj ikxy vk,j nqAf[;k g,] D;kXfd
fnu7jkr jks jgk g,] fnu7jkr fp¥yk jgk g,4 mldh ogh gkyr g,] tks etuw dh gkyr Fh y,yk ds fyS4xkao Hj galrk
Fk etuw ij4 xkao Hj dks n;k Hh vkrh Fh] fd ;g ikxy gks x;k g,4 fdruk nqA[ Hksx jgk g,2 vk,j Sslk Hh D;k
j[k g, ml y\Ldh eX4 lk/kj< lh y\Ldh Fh y,yk4 lk/kj< ls Hh lk/kj< Fh4 etuw us mls y,yk cuk fn;k4xkao
dk lezkI rd Vpfrr gks x;k4 ;g etuw fp¥ykrk fGjrk g,] 8y,yk3y,yk3y,yk84 ;g c\Lh vuwOh dgkuh g,4
lezkI us cqyk;k etuw dks vk,j dgk] cgqr gks x;k4 jkr ugC] fnu ugC] p,u ugC2 u fnu ns[rk] u jkr ns[rk2 ;s
ckjg y\Lfd;ka [\Lh gT2 mlus egy dh lc ls lqanj y\Lfd;ka [\Lh dj nC vk,j dgk 8bueX ls rw ftldks pkgs pqu ys4
buds eqdkcys y,yk dqN Hh ugC g,4 buds i,j dh /wy Hh ugC g,4 eTus Hh rsjh y,yk ns[h g,] lk/kj< lh lkaoyh
y\Ldh2 bu y\Lfd;kX eX ls dksB Hh pqu ys4 ;s ghjs tokgjkr gT4etuw us rks y\Lfd;kX dh rjG ns[k gh ugC4 mlus
pkfgS4 esjh vka[ ls ns[ks] vxj y,yk dks ns[uk gks4 vk,j budks eT ns[rk gwa] eq>s rks flGZ y,yk gh fn[kB i\Lrh g,4
dksB ¬_h eq>s fn[kB ugC i\Lrh4 vk,j og jktegy ls y,yk dks iqdkjrk gqvk pyk x;k4[cj feyh etuw
dks3D;kXfd y,yk dk cki ijs'ku gks x;k4 ;g tjk v'ksHu gks x;k Fk ekeyk4 og le10 Fk vk,j etuw vkokjk
Fk4 vk,j ;g ekeyk tjk tWjr ls †;knk vkxs c\P x;k4 xkao Hj eX ppkZ Fh4 fookg Hh og etuw ds lkF ugC dj
ldrk Fk] D;kXfd mldh dksfI dk u Fk4 vk,j Hjksls ;ks≈; Hh ugC ekywe gksrk Fk] fd ;g ixyk fookg ds ;ks≈; Hh
g,] fd ;g légky Hh ikSxk`;g 8y,yk7y,yk8 fp¥ykuk Sd ckr g,] ?j clkuk fcydqy nwljh ckr g,4 dfork
djuk Sd ckr g,] x1g¬Fh cukuk fcydqy nwljh ckr g,4 izseh gksuk Sd ckr g,] ifr gksuk c\Lh eqfædy ckr g,4 izseh
rks dksB Hh gks tkrk g,3vkokjk4 D;kXfd dqN djuk ugC g,4 rks cki ~ ~ ~ vk,j cki ;kuh lksp7fopkj djs] fglkc
yxkS] y\Ldh dh Vprk djs4 mlus xkao gh Nks\L fn;k4etuw dks [cj feyh fd og jkr xkao Nks\Ldj tk jgk g,4 og
xkao ds ckgj Sd oIo1{ ds uhps fNidj [\Lk gks x;k fd vkf[jh ckj y,yk dks ns[ ys4 og dkfGyk fudy x;k]
mlus y,yk dks vkf[jh ckj ns[ fy;k4 ysfdu fGj mldh xkao vkus dh bπNk u jgh4;g dgkuh c\Lh vuwOh g,4 fGj
og dHh xkao okil u vk;k4 vk,j dgkuh ;g dgrh g,] fd og mlh o1{ ds uhps [\Lk jgk] fd dHh rks y,yk okil
yk,Isxh4 vk,j og 8y,yk7y,yk9 iqdkjrk jgk4 /hjs7/hjs Sslk gqvk] fd mldk 'jhj o1{ ls tq\L x;k4 mlh txg
fIds7fIds ihO vk,j o1{ dh Nky Sd gks xS4 mlh txg fIds7fIds og o1{ ds lkF Sd gks x;k4o"kë ckn y,yk
yk,Ih mls [kstrh4 rks xkao eX mlus iwNk6 mügkXus dgk] fd tc ls rw xB g,] og Sd >k\L ds uhps [\Lk jgk g,4 vk,j
vc rks mldk irk Hh ugC pyrk4 cl] dHh7dHh jkr ds lUkIs eX ml o1{ ls 8y,yk9 dh vkokt mOrh g,4 D;kXfd
og etuw o1{ ds lkF bruk Sd gks x;k fd vc og o1{ Hh 8y,yk7y,yk8 fp¥ykus yxk4y,yk mls [kstus vkB]
mlus lc rjG ns[k] etuw dgC fn[kB ugC i\Lrk] ysfdu 8y,yk9 dh vkokt xwatrh g,2HDr Hxoku ds fyS o,lk gh
ikxy gks tkrk g,] t,lk izseh izs;lh ds fyS ikxy gks tkrk g,4 vk,j izs;lh rks dgC gksxh] vkokt Hh igqapkB tk
ldrh g,6 ijek®ek dgka g,] ;g dqN irk ugC4 fGj Hh fp¥ykrk g, fd 'k;n lqu ys44
yksgh lhpkT rsy †;wa] dc eq[ n,“;kT iho44 lqf[;k lc lalkj g,3vk,j Sslk HDr c\Lk nqA[h fn[kB i\Lrk g,4 lnk
mldh vka[kX eX fojg vk,j lnk mldh vka[kX eX vkalw2jkeΑ< ds lkF Sslk gks tkrk Fk4 mudks jk¬rs ls ysdj
fudyuk eqfædy gks tkrk Fk4 D;kXfd dksB dg ns] 8t; jke th84 vk,j os ogC [\Ls gks xS2 ogC HId xS chp jk¬rs
ij4 jke dh ¬e1fr vk xB4 vka[kX eX vkalw cgus yxs4 gkF7i,j vd\L tkSa] t,ls xgjh ewNkZ eX pys xS4 ogC fxj
i\Ls4rks HDr c\Ls Ljrs Fs] fd dgC mudks ys tkuk gks rks c\Lk bartke djuk i\Lrk Fk4 D;kXfd dk,u tkus] dk,u D;k
dg jgk g,`Sd ckj dgC ls ysdj HDr mudks fudyrs Fs] ?j ds vanj fdlh >ksi\Ls eX dksB ckr dj jgk Fk4 vk,j
fdlh us Hxoku dk uke ys fy;k ckrphr eX4 jkeΑ< ogC fxj i\Ls4 Ng ?aIs rd csgks' jgs4fdlh fookg eX fuea_<
ns fn;k HDrkX us] fd vki tWj vkSa4 jkeΑ< ds f'‘;kX us rks dgk] fd er mi–o djks] D;kXfd irk ugC D;k gks
tkS4 dksB dqN dg ns2 ugC ekus] jkeΑ< xS4 og lc mi–o gks x;k ogka4 fdlh us uke ys fy;k ijek®ek dk4
vk,j bl eq¥d eX rks uke gh uke gT4 vknfe;kX ds uke lHh ijek®ek ds uke gT4 Sd gtkj uke gT ijek®ek ds
fo‘<q7lgÛuke eX4 djhc7djhc lc vknfe;kX ds uke eX dgC u dgC ijek®ek g,4 GksIks yxs gT] ew√r;ka j[h gT
?j7?j eX4 vk,j fcuk ijek®ek ds rks dqN g, gh ugC4og ckjkr ladI eX i\L xB] og fookg nqfo/k eX i\L x;k]
D;kXfd jkeΑ< csgks' gks xS4 yksx nw¥gs dks Hwy xS] nqygu dks Hwy xS4 jkeΑ< nw¥gk gks xS2 os dX– gks xS4
rhu fnu rd gks' u vk;k4rks HDr rks geX nqA[h fn[kB i\Lsxk4 HDr rks geX ije nqA[h fn[kB i\Lsxk4 mlls rks geX
yxsxk] fd lalkj ds yksx gh lq[h gT] os pk,Fh dksfI ds yksx gh lq[h gT4 gksIykX eX ns[ks] d,lk gal jgs gT] eqldqjk
gT4 gal jgs gT] vkuan ys jgs gT] etkd dj jgs gT] izGqf¥yr fn[kB i\Lrs gT4 lkjk txr lqf[;k ekywe i\Lrk g,4dchj
dgrs gT] 8lqf[;k lc lalkj g,] [k;, vQ lkso,48cl] yksx [k7ih ysrs gT] lks tkrs gT4 c\Ls lq[h ekywe i\Lrs gT4
dksB nqA[ ugC muds thou eX4nqA[ rks ojnku g,4 Sslk nqA[] t,ls nqA[ ls dchj nqA[h gqS] og rks ije vk'hokZn g,4
D;kXfd ml nqA[ ds ckn gh ije lq[ dh laHkouk g,4 ml nqA[ ls gh }kj [qyrk g, vkuan dk4rqe lksS jgksxs] mOksxs]
[k yksxs] ih yksxs6 rqégkjh galh] rqégkjh [q'h lc fNNyh g,4 mleX dksB xgjkB ugC g,4 og lc cgkuk g, le;
xqtkjus dk] mlls †;knk ugC4 Mij ls rqe lqf[;k fn[kB i\Lrs gks] lqf[;k rqe gks ugC4 rqe gh vlyh nqAf[;k
gks4vk,j dchj Mij ls nqAf[;k fn[kB i\Lrs gT] ij dchj gh vlyh lqf[;k gT4 muds Hhrj gh lq[ dk cht vadqfjr
nqf[;k nkl dchj g,] tkx, vQ jkso,48 mudk dke g, lalkfj;kX dk] fd [k yX vk,j lks tkSa4vk,j HDr dk dke g, A fd
tkxs vk,j jksS4 tkxs3viyd2 iyd Hh u >is] D;kXfd irk ugC fiz;re dc vk tkS2 dk,u ?\Lh vkS2 dksB igys
ls [cj Hh rks ugC vkrh4ijek®ek vfrfF g,4 geus lcls igys ijek®ek ds fyS vfrfF 'çn dk iz;ksx fd;k4 fGj
nwljs esgekukX ds fyS vfrfF 'çn dk iz;ksx fd;k4 vfrfF 'çn c\Lk ew¥;oku g,4 bldk eryc g,] tks fcuk frfF
crykS vk tkS4 blfyS vaxzsth eX 8xs¬I8 g,] mnwZ eX esgeku g,] ysfdu og etk ugC4 vfrfF rks ckr gh vyx g,4
vfrfF dk eryc g,] fcuk frfF crykS tks vk tkS4rks vktdy rqégkjs ?j eX tks vfrfF vkrs gT Isyhxzke djds] os
vfrfF u jgs4 Hk"k ds fglkc ls os vfrfF ugC gT6 esgeku gkXxs4 tc Isyhxzke gh dj fn;k rks vfrfF d,ls jgs` crk
fn;k fd dy Gykuh I≠su ls vk jgk gwa4 ckr gh [re gks xB4ijek®ek ysfdu vHh Hh vfrfF g,4
u dksB Isyhxzke vkrk] u dksB lans'okgd vkrk] u dksB Lkfd;k vkrk vk,j dgrk] fd cl vk jgk g,4 tc Hh vkrk
g,] vpkud2 vuk;kl2 rqégX [cj Hh u Fh] fd ;g ?\Lh og pqusxk4 vk,j vpkud }kj ij [\Lk gks tkrk g,4 lc
can }kj [qy tkrs gT4 lc thou dk va/dkj [ks tkrk g,4 vpkud lqcg gks tkrh g,4dchj dgrs gT] t,ls
8nqf[;k nkl dchj g,] tkx, vQ jkso,48 tkxrk g,] jksrk g,4 tkxrk g,] D;kXfd izrh{k djuh g,] lks ugC tkuk g,4 jksrk
g,] D;kXfd jksus ds vfrfjDr vk,j D;k fd;k tk ldrk g,`bls Fks\Lk le> ysuk4;ksxh cgqr dqN dj ldrk g,] HDr
flGZ jks ldrk g,4 mlds vkalw gh mldk ;ksx gT4 mldk fojg vk,j mldh ih\Lk gh mldh izkFZuk g,4 tkj7tkj mldk
jksuk] mlds Ôn; dk mldh vka[kX eX Hj tkuk] mldh vka[kX ls mlds Ôn; dk >j tkuk gh mldh Sdek_ lk/uk
g,4 ogh izkFZuk] ogh iwtk] ogh vpZuk g,4jkeΑ< iwtk djrs Fs4 iqtkjh Fs nf{<sæoj eX4 mudks iqtkjh j[dj c\Lh
Hwy gks xB4 D;kXfd os Ohd iqtkjh Fs] vk,j Ohd iqtkjh dh eafnjkX eX D;k tWjr` eafnj rks uk,dj7pkdj pkgrs gT]
is'soj iqtkjh pkgrs gT4 os iqtkjh Fs4 is'soj ugC Fs] ogh v\Lpu gks xB4 tc mudks j[ fy;k Fk] rc rks fdlh dks
vankt u Fk fd fdruk c\Lk vkfoHkZo gksus okyk g, bl vkneh eX4 j[dj c\Lh >a>I gks xB4 ftlus j[k Fk mudks
nf{<sæoj ds eafnj eX] og jkuh jklef< Fh4 c\Lh /ukP.; efgyk Fh4 jkuh dk mls in Fk] ysfdu 'w– Fh4 blfyS
dksB czk‰< eafnj eX iqtkjh cuus dks jkth u Fk4 flGZ jkeΑ< jkth gks xS4 HDr dks D;k 'w–] D;k czk‰<2 vk,j
Hxoku Hh dgC 'w– vk,j czk‰< ds vyx gksrs gT2 vk,j eafnj Hh dgC 'w– vk,j czk‰< dk gksrk g,2 eafnj Hxoku
dk4 dksB czk‰< jkth u Fk4 {q–re czk‰< jkth u Fs4 Ssls czk‰< Hh jkth u Fs] tks ej?I eX eqnkë ds di\Ls Hh
¬ohdkj dj ysrs gT] os Hh jkth u Fs4 'w– dk eafnj2 mleX dk,u iwtk djsxk` dk,u Hz‘I gksxk`blfyS jkeΑ< tc
jkth gks xS rks jkuh jklef< us ¬ohdkj dj fy;k4 dqN Pax ds rks ugC ekywe i\Lrs Fs4 dqN [ksS7[ksS yxrs Fs4
vka[X dgC vk,j FC4 ckr ;gka djrs] fpR dgC vk,j Fk4 exj dksB feyrk ugC Fk4 lkspk] Fks\Lk ixyk g,] t,lk g,]
dke pysxk4 eafnj fcuk iqtkjh ds rks gks ugC ldrk4fGj jkuh jklef< [qn iwtk ugC dj ldrh Fh] 'w– Fh4 rks
xS4 t¥nh gh I≠f¬I;kX dks c,Od cqykuh i\Lh] fd ;g rks Hwy dj yh] blls rks [kyh eafnj csgrj2D;kXfd dHh rks
iwtk fnu Hj pyrh vk,j dHh nks feuI eX iwjh gks tkrh2 dHh feuI ugC yxrk] vk,j dHh iwtk gksrh gh ugC2 dHh
fnu chr tkrs vk,j jkeΑ< dk dksB irk gh ugC2 vk,j dHh7dHh fnu Hj2 lqcg ls 'qW gksrh rks jkr gks tkrh g,]
?aIk ctrk gh jgrk] os ukprs jgrs] iwtk gh djrs jgrs2jkeΑ< ls dgk] ;g D;k ekeyk g,` mügkXus dgk] iwtk Hh
dksB fu;e Fks\Ls gh g,2 dksB ø;o¬Fk ls iwtk gksrh g,4 iwtk izse g,4 tc vkrk g,] vkrk g,4 ;g rks gok dk >kXdk g,6
vk;k] vk;k4 ykus dk D;k mik; g,` tc vk tkrk g,] ftruh nsj fIdrk g,] fIdrk g,4 gIkus dk Hh D;k mik; g,`
dksB ?\Lh ls py ldrh g, iwtk fd ?aIk gks x;k2 iqjksfgr] ø;olk;h iqjksfgr ?aIs ls pyrk g,] ?\Lh ls pyrk g,] Ôn;
ls rks ugC4jkeΑ< dgrs] tc vkrh g, rks vkrh g,4 ugC vkrh] ugC vkrh4fGj rks vk,j v\Lpu vkuh 'qW gqB4 bl
rd ds fyS Hh os jkth gks xS] D;kXfd dksB nwljk czk‰< feyrk ugC Fk4 de ls de dHh7dHh rks gksrh g,2 vk,j
fGj ;g vkneh bdØk Hh dj ysrk g,4 Sd fnu bruh dj nsrk g, fd le>ks lîrkg Hj u Hh djs rks pysxk4ysfdu
fGj v\Lpu gqB] D;kXfd irk pyk fd ;g tks Hksx yxkrk g,] igys [qn vius dks yxk ysrk g,4 igys feOkB [qn
p[ ysrk g,] fGj izfrek dks j[ nsrk g,4 ;g rks c\Lk t?ü; iki g,4 ijek®ek dks twOk Hkstu p\Pkuk2 igys ijek®ek
dks p\Pkvks] fGj vius dks ys ldrs gks4dgk jkeΑ< ls6 rks jkeΑ< us dgk] légkyks rqégkjh uk,djh4 ge ls u
gksxh4 eq>s irk g,] eq>s izse ds 'k¬_ dk irk g,4 esjh eka esjs fyS tc Hh dqN nsrh Fh rks igys p[dj nsrh Fh4 esjh
eka rd dks bruk irk g,] rks D;k eq>s dqN irk ugC` fcuk p[s eT ugC ns ldrk4 irk ugC nsus ;ks≈; gks Hh] ;k u gks`
fcuk p[s iDdk D;k g,] fd ;s nsus ;ks≈; Fk` Hxoku dks ns jgk gwa] p[dj gh nwaxk4nqfu;k eX Sslk iqtkjh u rks igys
gqvk] u fGj ihNs gqvk4 ;gh iqtkjh g, ysfdu4 ;g tks /qu g, ~ ~ ~vk,j jkeΑ< tc iwtk djrs rks jksrs4 jksuk gh iwtk
g,4 HDr dqN tkurk ugC4jkeΑ< us vius f'‘;kX dks dgk g,] D;k djksxs rqe lk/uk` tc NksIk cπpk tksj ls jksrk
g,] rks eka Hkxh pyh tkrh g,4 cl] rqe jksuk lh[ yks4 tc rqe jksvksxs] og Hkxk pyk vkSxk4 u vkS rks le>uk]
fd jksuk vHh iwjk ugC gqvk4 vHh rqe Ssls Mij7Mij ls jks jgs gks4 vHh rqégkjs izk< dk la;ksx ugC feyk4 vHh rqe
jksuk gh ugC gks xS gks4 Qnu rqégkjh vk®ek ugC cuk g,4NksIk cπpk Hh tkurk g, fcuk fl[kS4 dgC ;ksx lh[us tkrk
g, NksIk cπpk] fd tc eka dks cqykuk g, rks D;k djuk` ph[rk g,] fp¥ykrk g,] jksrk g,] vkalw cgus yxrs gT4 eka
Hkxh pyh vkrh g,4 gtkj dke Nks\Ldj pyh vkrh g,4ijek®ek dks gkXxs gtkj dke] jkeΑ< dgrs] rqe jksvks Hj]
mldks vkuk gh i\Lsxk4dqN vk,j djus dh HDr dks tWjr ugC4 HfDr dfOu g, vk,j ljy Hh4 dfOu blfyS fd
jksus dks rqe lk/ rks ugC ldrs4 vkSxk rks vkSxk] dfOu blfyS4 ljy blfyS fd flGZ jksus ls lc gks tkrk g,4
iratfy ds ;ksx'k¬_ dh tWjr ugC4 cl] vkalqvkX dk 'k¬_ rqe le> yks] lc gks tkrk g,4
u,u rks >fj ykb;k] jgaI cg, fulqokj48 t,ls dqSa ij jgI pyrh jgrh g, fnu7jkr] ikuh cgrk jgrk g,] Sslh vka[kX ls
>\Lh yxh g,4 8ifigk †;kX fGm fim jI,] fi;k feyu dh vkl48 Ssls gh eT Hh ikxy jIrk jgrk gwa38fi;k fi;k84 t,ls
iihgk jIrk jgrk g,] vk,j î;kjs ds feyus dh vkl yxh jgrh g,4
8dchjk o,n cqykb;k ~ ~ ~8 'k;n ?j ds yksxkX us] 'k;n fe_tukX us] 'k;n fiz;tukX us o,| dks cqyk fy;k Sslk nqA[h
ns[ dj] fd D;kX jksrk g, ;g vkneh` D;k gks x;k bls` D;k chekjh g,` D;k rdyhG g, bldh`
8dchjk o,n cqykb;k] idfj ds ns[ks ckafg48 rks o,| us uk\Lh ns[h4
8o,n u osnu tkuB] djd dysts ekafg48 ;g cspkjk o,| D;k le>sxk] fd chekjh Ôn; dh g,2 ;g tks ih\Lk g,] Ôn;
dh g,] bldk 'jhj ls dqN ysuk7nsuk ugC4 uk\Lh dh tkap ls ;g id\L eX u vkSxh4exj bl 8o,|8 'çn dks Fks\Lk xk,j
ls le> yks4 ;g c\Lk dherh 'çn g,4gekjs ikl dqN 'çn gT3osn] fo|k] fo}ku] o,|] osnuk6 ;s lc Sd gh /krq
8vk;qo∆n86 mldks tks tkuus okyk g,] og o,|4 o,| 'çn LkDIj ls †;knk dherh g,4 LkDIj dk rks eryc gksrk g,]
flGZ iafLr4 tks LkfDI≠u dks tkurk g,] og LkDIj4 tks fl0kar dks le>rk g,] og LkDIj4o,| dk vFZ g,] tks u
dsoy fl0kar dks le>rk g,] cf¥d fl0kar ds iz;ksx dks Hh6 ftldks ge fGftf';u dgrs gT4 u dsoy tks
fpfd®lk ds 'k¬_ dks tkurk g,] cf¥d fpfd®lk dh fof/ dks Hh4 vuqHksDrk g, tks4 tks fdlh dkyst eX flGZ
izksGslj ugC g,] tks fdlh v¬irky eX ejhtkX dh fpfd®lk Hh djrk g,4vly eX LkDIj 'çn dk iz;ksx flGZ gksuk
pkfgS ml LkDIj ds fyS] tks dkyst eX i\Pkrk gks fpfd®lk ds 'k¬_ dks6 ogh LkDIj g,4 lHh LkDIj ugC gT]
D;kXfd ckdh rks fGftf';u gT] ckdh rks o,| gT4 o,| 'çn c\Lk dherh g, D;kXfd ;g osn ls gh cuk g,4rks bl opu
eX blds dB vFZ gks ldrs gT38dchjk o,n cqykb;k8 bldk lh/k rks vFZ ;g g,] fd fdlh fpfd®ld dks cqyk;k]
ckag id\Lh fpfd®ld us] uk\Lh tkaph4 ysfdu dchj eu gh eu gals gkXxs vk,j lkspk gksxk] 8o,n u osnu tkuB48 bldks
osnuk dk dqN irk ugC2 ;g 'jhj dk gh tkudkj g,48djd dysts ekafg83og tks ih\Lk g,] og rks dysts eX g,4
mldk bls dqN Hh irk ugC4nwljk vFZ] tks vk,j Hh xgjk g,] og g, ~ ~ ~ 8dchjk o,n cqykb;k83mldks cqyk;k] tks
osn dk tkudkj g,4 ysfdu osn dk tkudkj Hh Ôn; dh ih\Lk dks ugC tkurk4 og Hh 'k¬_ dks le>rk g,4 'k¬_
;kuh 'jhj6 l®; ;kuh vk®ek4 ih\Lk rks l®; ds fyS g, vk,j vk®ek eX g,6 fl0kar ds fyS ugC g, vk,j
'jhj eX ugC g,4 'k¬_ dks le>us ls ih\Lk feIus okyh ugC g,4 ;g rks izseh ls gh feyu gks tkS rks gh feIsxh4rks tks
osn dks tkurk g,] mls cqyk;k mlus Hh 'çn id\Ls] fl0kar id\Lk 'k¬_ id\Lk38idjh ds ns[ks ckafg83mlus Hh
Mij7Mij tkap dh48o,n u osnu tkuB48;g osn dk tkudkj Hh osnuk dks ugC tkurk4osnuk 'çn ds nks vFZ gT4 Sd
vFZ rks nqA[ g,] vk,j Sd vFZ Kku g,4 D;kXfd og Hh osn ls gh cuk 'çn g,4la¬Îr Sd vFZ eX c\Lh vuwOh Hk"k g,4
mleX c\Lh xqf®F;kX eX xqf®F;ka gT vk,j 'çnkX ds c\Ls [sy gT4 osn ls gh curk g, osnuk] osn ls gh curk g, fo|k6 fon.]
fo}ku] tkuuk] Kku] Kku dk 'k¬_4D;k laca/ g, nksukX eX` tc rqégX ih\Lk gksrh g,] rHh rqégX Kku gksrk g,4 ih\Lk vk,j
Kku la;qDr g,6 t,ls Sd gh flDds ds nks igyw gkX4 Fks\Lk lkspks] rqégkjs flj eX nnZ g,] rHh rqégX flj dk Kku gksrk g,4
vxj flj eX nnZ gh u gks] rks flj dk irk gh u pysxk4blfyS ¬o¬F vkneh dh ifjHk"k vk;qo∆n eX3flGZ vk;qo∆n
eX gh ¬o¬F vkneh dh ifjHk"k g,4 og ifjHk"k ;g g, fd tc 'jhj dk irk u pys4 tc irk pys rks chekjh g,4 tc
Kku gks 'jhj dk] rks chekjh g,4 tc isI eX rdyhG gksrh g,] isI dk irk pyrk g,4 i,j eX dkaIk x\Lrk g,] i,j dk irk
pyrk g,4 flj eX nnZ gksrk g,] flj dk irk pyrk g,4tgka ih\Lk gksrh g,] tgka osnuk gksrh g,] ogC Kku gksrk g,] ogC
cks/ gksrk g,4 tc 'jhj eX dksB ih\Lk ugC gksrh rks 'jhj dk dksB irk ugC pyrk4 ¬o¬F dk ogh vFZ g,] tks fonsg
dk4 tc nsg dk dksB irk u pys] rks vkneh ¬o¬F gks x;k6 ¬o;a7f¬Fr gks x;k4 vc nsg dk irk Hh d,ls
pysxk`¬o¬F 'çn Hh c\Lk dherh g,4 mldk eryc g, ¬o;a eX f¬Fr gks tkuk] ¬o;a eX Ogj tkuk4 tc Hh ih\Lk
gksrh g,] rc rqe ¬o;a eX ugC Ogj ldrs4 rc ih\Lk rqégX [Cprh g, viuh rjG vk,j Kku ih\Lk dh rjG Hkxrk g,4
D;kXfd ih\Lk dks feIkuk g,] rks tkuuk tWjh g,4Kku vk,j nqA[ la;qDr gT4 blfyS tc dksB ø;fDr ije vkuan dks
miyç/ gksrk g,] rks vkuan dk Kku ugC gksrk4 D;kXfd vkuan dk dksB Kku ugC gks ldrk4 dsoy nqA[ dk gh Kku gks
ldrk g,4 chekjh dk Kku gks ldrk g,] ¬ok¬ƒ; dk dksB Kku ugC gksrk4 ¬ok¬ƒ; rqe ¬o;a gks] chekjh fotkrh; g,]
og vyx g,] mldk Kku gksrk g,4 vkuan rqe ¬o;a gks4 d,ls Kku gksxk` dk,u g, tkuus okyk` dk,u fdldks tkusxk`
Sd gh cpk] ogh vkuan g,] ogh tkuusokyk g,] Hsn u jgk4 nqA[ vyx g,] nqA[ ¬oHko ugC g,4 blfyS nqA[ dk
8osn u osnu tkuB] djd dysts ekafg48 vk,j ;gka Sd nwljh gh ih\Lk py jgh g,] og g, Ôn; dh ih\Lk4 vk,j Ôn; dh
ih\Lk ls rqe ;g er le> ysuk] ftldks LkDIj Ôn; dh chekjh dgrs gT A gkIZ Lhflt] og er le> ysuk4 dksB
dchj dks gkIZ Gsy dk Lj ugC g, vk,j u dksB gkIZ vI,d gqvk g,4Ôn; Sd rks 'jhj dk fg¬lk g,] ftldks fpfd®ld
GsG\LkX dks gh tkurs gT] ;a_ dks tkurs gT4 muds Hhrj fNik gqvk tks Ôn; g,] mls ugC tkurs4 blfyS dksB ltZu
rqels jkth ugC gksxk] tc rqe dgrs gks] fd eq>s c\Lh izse dh ih\Lk gksrh g, vk,j Ôn; ij gkF j[ ysrs gks4 og Fks\Lk
g,jku gksxk] fd Ôn; ij gkF fdlfyS j[ jgs gks` D;kXfd ogka ls izse dk D;k ysuk7nsuk` ogka rks dsoy GsG\Ls gT4
[wu dks pykus dh ø;o¬Fk vk,j ;a_ g,4 ogka gkF fdlfyS j[ jgs gks`ysfdu lkjh nqfu;k eX] le¬r tkfr;kX eX]
le¬r dkykX eX tc Hh fdlh dks izse dh ih\Lk mOrh g, rks og viuk gkF Ôn; ij j[rk g,] dgC vk,j ugC4 bl
ml dysts eX ih\Lk g,4 o,| mls u tku ldsxk vk,j u osn dk Kkrk6 pkjkX osnkX dk tkudkj mls u tku ldsxk4 'k¬_
mls ugC igpku ldrk4 'k¬_ dh igqap 'jhj rd g,] [ksy rd g,] vkoj< rd g,] varl rd ugC g,4 vk,j dchj jks
jgs gT] dchj ihf\Lr gks jgs gT] dchj ijs'ku gks jgs gT4 Sslk dchj ds thou eX ?Ik ;k ugC ?Ik6 ;g dsoy dfork
gksxh3lwpd] lkadsfrd6 ysfdu ukud ds thou eX ;FkFZrA Sslk ?Ik4ukud ;qok Fs vk,j bl izse ds ikxyiu us
mügX id\L fy;k4 vk,j os fnu7jkr jksrs4 Sd jkr Sslk gqvk6 HknkX dh jkr gksxh4 vkdk' eX ckny f?js Fs6 pkjkX rjG
fctyh pedrh Fh4 vk,j ukud xhr xkrs jgs ml ih ds feyu dk4 ukud ijek®ek dh ¬rqfr eX Lwcs jgs4vk/h jkr
chrh] vk,j Hh jkr chruh yxh] eka Vpfrr gks xB4 ukud toku Fs6 gkXxs dksB lksyg] lrjg7vOkjg lky ds4 eka us
vkdj] tc vk/h jkr chr xB rks dgk] 8ukud] vc pqi gks tk] vc cgqr gks x;k4 vc Fks\Lk lks ys4 'jhj dks lksus
dh Hh tWjr g,4ukud] {< Hj dks eka us dgk rks Qd xS] ysfdu fGj cksys fd ugC4 rks eka us dgk] brus t¥nh
D;kX cny x;k` ukud us dgk] fd lqu] vk/h jkr3vk,j Sd iihgk 8fiM fiM8 dh iqdkj fdS tk jgk g,4 ukud us
dgk] tc rd ;g iihgk pqi ugC gksrk] rc rd eT d,ls pqi gks tkMa` vk,j bldh izs;lh rks cgqr nwj u gksxh] ;gC
dgC ikl fdlh o1{ eX fNih gksxh4 vk,j esjk izseh rks cgqr nwj g,4 eq>s jksdks er4dchj Ohd dgrs gT A~
vka[fj;k >kaB i\Lh] iaF fugkj fugkj4 thHf\L;k Nkyk i\Lk] jke iqdkfj iqdkfj4
yksgh lhpkT rsy †;wa] dc eq[ ns“;kT iho44 jkr Hj ukud xkrs jgs4 ¬oHkorA v¬o¬F gks xS4 nwljs fnu fpfd®ld
cqyk;k x;k3;g ok¬rfod ?Iuk g,4 dchj us rks 'k;n izrhd eX dgh gksxh3 bl y\Lds dks dqN gks x;k4 cki
Fks\Ls Vpfrr gqS4 vk,j ukud ds firk Sd lk/kj< x1g¬F vkneh Fs] pk,Fh dksfI ds6 ftudks ;g lc ø;FZ dh
cdokl Fh4 dgka dk ijek®ek2 fdl dks ikuk` D;k djuk` ;g lc fnekx dh [jkch g,4fpfd®ld dks cqyk;k4 ij
;gh ?Iuk ?Ih4 fpfd®ld djsxk Hh D;k cspkjk` dysts dks tkapus dk dksB mik; Hh rks ugC g,4 rks mlus Hh ukud
dh uçt id\Lh vk,j tkap dh4 vk,j ukud galus yxs4 vk,j mügkXus dgk fd ogka esjh chekjh ugC g,4 esjh chekjh ;gka
Ôn; eX g,4ysfdu yxrk g,] og o,| flG o,| gh u jgk gksxk4 Fks\Ls ls osn ls Hh mldk laca/ jgk gksxk4 Fks\Ls Hhrj
ds Kku ls Hh laca/ jgk gksxk4 mlus ukud ds firk dks dgk] fd er bls ijs'ku djks4 vk,j bldh chekjh esjh lhek
ds ckgj g,4 ysfdu fdlh Kkuh dks [kstks tks bldh chekjh eX dke vk tkS6 tks blds dysts dks igpku ys4 bruk eT
dgrk gwa] fd 'jhj bldk Q≈< ugC g,] ysfdu Hhrj dksB c\Lh xgjh ih\Lk g,4 vk,j ;g Hh rqels dgrk gwa fd ;g ih\Lk
lk,Hk≈; g,4 eT dqN ugC dj ldrk4 eT lk/kj< o,| gwa4 bls fdlh vlyh o,| dh tWjr g,4 /ü;Hkx gT ml ø;fDr
pk,ngoka izopu\
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lcds brus lkjs izæu ikdj D;k vki /eZ7ladI eX ugC i\Lrs` u lansg dks c\Pk ldrk gwa6 u J0k dks 'q0 dj
ldrk gwa6 Ssls eX D;k dWa` Hko vk,j fopkj eX dc vk,j d,ls lgh7lgh GdZ djX4 eu eX dB izæu dk mOuk Vdrq u
iwNus dk Hko4 thou eX xgu ih\Lk dk vuqHo4 fGj Hh o,jk≈; dk tüe D;kX ugC`
igyk izæu A lcds brus lkjs izæu ikdj D;k vki /eZ7ladI eX ugC i\Lrs fd bldk tokc nwa] ;k mldk] ;k
fdldk`izæu rhu rjg ds iwNs tkrs gT4Sd rks] rqégkjh ew\Prk ls tüers gT4
mudk eT dHh mRj ugC nsrk4 D;kXfd rqégkjh ew\Prk dks mruk lgkjk nsuk Hh uqdlku] rqégX gkfu igqapkSxk4 rqégkjh
ew\Prk dks mruh ¬ohÎfr Hh nsuk3fd ew\Prk ls mOs izæu dk Hh dksB vFZ gksrk g,] ?krd g,4ew\Prk ls mOs izæu bl
Hkafr iwNs tkrs gT fd t,ls iwNus okyk eq> ij dksB iwN dj Sglku dj jgk gks4 mldk ¬oj lkG gksrk g,4 ew\Prk ls
Hjs izæu vlacaf/r gksrs gT4 u dchj ls dksB ukrk] u eq> ls dksB ukrk] u rqels dksB ukrk4t,ls vkt gh Sd izæu g,]
fd ;fn dé;wfu†e vk tkS] rks vkids laü;klh rks dke dj yXxs6 vkidk D;k gksxk`vc bldk u rks dchj ls dqN
ysuk7nsuk g,] u rqels dqN ysuk7nsuk g,] u eq>ls dqN ysuk7nsuk g,4 8;fn8 Hh dksB izæu gksrk g,` 8;fn8 ls dgC dksB
izæu 'qW gksrk g,` fGj esjh lkjh f'{k ;gh g,] fd 8vHh vk,j ;gka8 th;ks4 dy D;k gksxk` dy rqe jgksxs] dy eT
jgwaxk4 dy tks gksxk] mls ge lkeuk djXxs4fGj dé;wfu†e dy vk tkS] blls rqégkjk D;k laca/ g,` vk,j eT fdlh
eqlhcr eX Hh i\Lwaxk] rks og rqégkjh le¬;k ugC g,4 rqégkjs ikl viuh le¬;kSa dkGh gT] rqe mügX gy dj yks4 ;k
fd rqégkjh le¬;kSa pqd xbq] vc rqe esjh le¬;kSa gy djus dh dksf'' eX yxs gks`rqe Ssls gh ijs'ku gks4
ew\Prk dk vFZ gh ;g g,] fd mls irk gh ugC g,] fd mlds thou dh le¬;kSa gT] tks gy djuh gT] fd thou my>u
eX g,] mls lqy>kuk g,6 fd thou vIdk g,] ;k_k djuh g,4 og tekus Hj ds izæu iwNsxk] ftueX dksB rqd ugC g,]
ftueX dksB vFZ ugC4 og nwljkX dh le¬;kSa gy djus pyk tkSxk4ew\Prk ls Hjk izæu Sslk ekudj pyrk g, fd
'k;n bldk tokc fn;k ugC tk ldrk] blhfyS iwNrk g,4 mu izæukX dks eT Nks\L nsrk gwa4 os fujFZd gT4 os esjk vk,j
rqégkjk le; [jkc djXxs4 mueX pquus t,lk dqN Hh ugC g,4tc ls eTus dgk g,] fd yksx n¬r[r djds nX] rc ls
ew\Prk iw<Z izæukX dh la“;k Sdne fxj xB g,4 blhfyS eTus n¬r[r djokuk 'qW fd;k4 D;kXfd
mudh la“;k dkGh Fh6 djhc7djhc ipkl izfr'r Fh4 tc ls eTus n¬r[r djokus dks dgk] mudh la“;k †;knk ls
†;knk ikap izfr'r jg xB4 iTrkyhl izfr'r Sdne ls fxj xB4 D;kXfd ew\P Hh bruk rks lksprk g,] fd ;g izæu
vius lkF lacaf/r djuk Ohd g, fd ugC4nwljk c\Lk oxZ g,] mlds Hh eT mRj dHh ugC nsrk4 os rqégkjs ikafL®; ls
vkrs gT4 u rks ew\P dk mRj nsrk gwa] u iafLr dk4ikafL®; ds izæu bl rjg ds gksrs gT] fd osn eX Sslk dgk g,] vkius
Sslk D;kX dgk`osn us dqN Osdk fy;k g,` esjs Mij dksB osn dh ftéesokjh g,] fd osn us Sslk D;kX dgk g,` rqe osn
ds +f";kX dks dczkX ls m[k\Lks] muls iwNks4 eT D;k dg jgk gwa] mlls †;knk esjh fdlh ds laca/ eX dksB ftéesokjh ugC
g,4 vk,j vxj osn eX dqN dgk g, vk,j eT mlls fHU dg jgk gwa] foijhr dg jgk gwa] rks eT dksB rkyesy fcOkus dks
ugC gwa4 eT dksB le>k,rk djus dks ugC gwa4 rqe vius osn dks lq/kj yks] vxj esjh ckr Ohd yxrh gks4 vxj esjh ckr
Ohd u yxrh gks] eq>s Nks\L nks6 osn dks id\L yks] ysfdu ø;FZ ds izæu er mOkvks4ikafL®; ds izæu Ssls gksrs gT] t,ls
dksB esjh ijh{k ys jgk gks4 ew\P Ssls iwNrk g,] t,ls bldk tokc gks gh ugC ldrk4 og eq> ij Sglku dj jgk g,4
iafLr Ssls iwNrk g,] t,ls bldk tokc mls igys ls ekywe g,4 og flGZ eq>s Sd ijh{k dk ek,dk ns jgk g,4 bu nksukX
dks eT Nks\L nsrk gwa4rc cp jgrs gT] eqfædy ls nl izfr'r izæu] tks ftKklk ls tüers gT] eqeq{k ls4 tks rqégkjh
lansg dj yks] rks og Hh vkidks ns[ ysus ds ckn gksuk vlaHo utj vkrk g, vk,j J0k Hh nwf"r g,4 vk,j vki t,lk
o,| Hh fo|eku g,] ysfdu chekjh dqudquh g, vk,j vki dh fpfd®lk dh d\Loh dqu,u Hh >sy ikus dh f¬Ffr ugC4 eT
vlgk; gwa4 u lansg dks c\Pk ldrk gwa] u J0k dks 'q0 dj ldrk gwa6 Ssls eX D;k dWa`Sslh gh vo¬Fk g,6 rqégkjh
gh ugC] lHh dh4 rqégX fn[kB i\L jgh g,] vk,jkX dks fn[kB ugC i\L jgh g,4 vk,j fn[kB i\L tkuk cgqr dherh g,]
cgqew¥; g,4ø;fDr vius dks vlgk; ik ys] gs¥iysl3fd dqN Hh fdS ugC gksrk4 tks Hh djrk gwa] ogh v/wjk jg
tkrk g,4 tks Hh i,j mOkrk gwa] og Hh dgC ugC igqaprk ekywe i\Lrk4 lc dj fy;k g,] lc ø;FZ ik;k g,4 eafty ugC
vkrh4 viuk fd;k gqvk dgC ys tkSxk] bldk Hjkslk Hh IwI x;k g,4 Sslh vlgk; n'k dh rhoz ih\Lk rqégX vuqHo
gks tkS] rks ;gC ls HDr dk tüe gksrk g,4 vlgk; le> ysuk HDr gksus dh 'qQvkr g,4HfDr dk vFZ D;k
g,`HfDr dk vFZ g,] ijek®ek2 rw djsxk rks gh gksxk4 esjs fdS ugC gksrk4 esjh iwtk Hh v/wjh g,] esjh izkFZuk Hh
lafn≈/ g,] esjh lk/uk Hh dke7pykM g,4 eT thou dks tqvkjh dh rjg nkao ij ugC yxk ikrk4 esjh ø;olkf;d
cqf0 lc txg ek,twn g,4 esjk lansg esjh J0k dks nwf"r dj tkrk g,4vk,j lansg Hh iwjk ugC gks ikrk4 D;kXfd J0k dh
Hh Nk;k i\Lrh jgrh g,4 bl vlgk; vo¬Fk dks ftrus xgjs mrj tkus nks] mruk ykH gksxk4rqe iwN jgs gks] 8eT D;k
dWa`8 eT rqels dgwaxk] dqN Hh er djks4 vc vlgk; vuqHo gksuk 'qW gqS gks6 Ohd ls vlgk; gh gks tkvks4
IksIy gs¥iyslusl] laiw<Z vlgk; gks tkvks4 dg nks fd vc eq>ls fdS dqN Hh ugC gksrk4 vc rsjh tks etñ4
vlgk; vo¬Fk eX gh dksB dg ldrk g,] 8rsjh tks etñ48tc rd rqégX yxrk g,] esjs fdS dqN
gks ldrk g,] rc rd rks rqe fdS gh tkvksxs4 rc rd rks Fks\Lk7uk7cgqr rqe iz;kl tkjh j[ksxs4 ;®u tkjh
j[ksxs4vlgk; vo¬Fk dk vFZ D;k g,`bldk vFZ g,] esjh vius ij J0k mO xB4 vc vgadkj dks [\Ls gksus dh
txg u jgh4 Hwfe f[ld xB uhps ls4 vgadkj dk cy IwI x;k4 vgadkj uiqald fl0 gqvk4 D;kXfd tks Hh fd;k
ø;FZ gqvk4;g c\Lh miyfç/ g,4 rqe bls Ssls gh er xaok nsuk4 vlgk; vo¬Fk dks iwjh rjg Nk tkus nks4 blh
vlgk; vo¬Fk ls izHq ds 'j< tkus dk Hko mOrk g,4 'j< dksB tkSxk dc` tc rd vlgk; ugC gqvk rc rd
'j< tkus dk Hko mOrk g,4 'j< dksB tkSxk dc` tc rd vlgk; ugC gqvk] rc rd 'j< tkSxk ugC4 tc
vlgk; gks x;k] rHh 'j< dk cks/ mOrk g,] rc Nks\Lus dk eu gksrk g,4 rqeus viuh rjG ls dkGh pyk yh
irokj] uko dgC tkrh ugC] cf¥d myIk rqe ns[rs gks] xksy7xksy ?werh g,4dHh rqeus uko pykB` Sd irokj ls
pyk dj ns[uk4 Sd irokj ls vxj uko pykvksxs] xksy7xksy ?wesxh4 ogC7ogC pDdj dkIsxh] dgC tkSxh ugC4
vk,j vkneh t,lh uko pyk jgk g,] og Sd irokj dh uko g,4 mleX vkneh vdsyk gh pyk jgk g,] ijek®ek dk gkF
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rks cgqr cqjh yxrh g,4 og dhp\L t,lh g,4 ysfdu tc mleX ls leiZ< dk dey fudyrk g,] rks dhp\L vk,j dey
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ysfdu Α< ds vkXOkX ij j[h ckalqjh dh deh g,4 Fks\Lk lk pwd jgk g,4 gks ldrk g, cq0 ds Hhrj og iwjk Hh g, x;k
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os ikxy gksdj ukp ugC mOrs] ckoys ugC gks tkrs4[;ky j[uk3fopkj] fu√opkj] fGj Hko4 fopkj ls eqDr gksuk
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dqN u iwNwa6 dsoy pj<7deykX ds ikl c,Ok jgwa4eu eX izæu Ssls gh yxrs gT t,ls o1{kX eX iRs yxrs gT4 os yxrs gh
pys tkSaxs4 rqe fdruk gh iwNks vk,j eT fdruk gh tokc nwa2 eT bl vk'k eX tokc ugC nsrk gwa fd esjs tokckX ls
rqégkjs izæu mOus can gks tkSaxs4 og Hwy eT ugC dj ldrk4 eq>s HyhHkafr irk g, fd esjk gj tokc rqégkjs Hhrj vk,j
nl uS loky mOkSxk4blfyS vxj eT rqégkjs izæukX ds mRj nsrk gwa] rks bl [;ky ls ugC fd rqégkjs izæu gy gks
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dj dHh dksB Kku dks miyç/ ugC gqvk g,4 tkudkjh dks miyç/ gks tkS Hyk6 [wc tku ys] ysfdu [wc tkuus ls
dqN Kku dk laca/ ugC g,4 tkxsxk ugC] vuqHo ugC gksxk4 'çnkX ls fpR Hj tkSxk4 vk,j gj 'çn cht dh rjg uS
'çn i,nk djsxk4 vk,j bldh dksB !#&ÿk1a[yk dk var ugC g,4vxj ;g rqégX fn[kB i\Lus yxs fd izæu rks cgqr mOrs
gT] ysfdu iwNus dk th ugC gksrk] rks rqe Sd cgqr eg®oiw<Z ?\Lh ds djhc vk xS4 ;gh rks esjh lkjh ps‘Ik g,] fd
rqégkjs eu eX izæu mOX vk,j iwNus dk th u gks4 D;kXfd rqégX ;g le> Hh vk tkS] fd iwNus ls D;k gksxk4lHh 'k¬_kX
eX lHh izæukX ds mRj Hjs i\Ls gT4 rqe [jhn yk ldrs gks lc 'k¬_] i\P Hh ys ldrs gks] dqN gy u gksxk4 ysfdu
vxj rqégX ;g le> vk tkS] fd mOus nks izæukX dks] ge izæukX eX i\Lrs gh ugC4 ge rks c,OXxs l®lax eX4 ge rks 'kar]
pqi3vxj fdlh us tkuk g, rks mldh ek,twnxh dk jl yXxs4 ge cqf0 ls cqf0 ds laokn eX u i\LXxs] ge rks vf¬r®o
dks vf¬r®o ls tks\LXxs4tc rqe eq>ls dqN iwNrs gks] eT rqégX dqN mRj nsrk gwa] rc nks cqf0;kX dk laokn gksrk g,4
laokn Hh dfOu g,4 lk, eX fuü;kucs ek,ds ij rks fookn gksrk g,4b/j eT dg jgk gwa] m/j rqe lksp jgs gks] Ohd ugC g,4
irk ugC Ohd g, ;k ugC] ;k mRj ns jgs gks] tokc [kst jgs gks] rqégkjh ekü;rk ds vuqdwy ugC g,] rqégkjs 'k¬_ ds
fojks/ eX g,3gtkj rjg dk fookn py jgk g,4vxj rqe cgqr 'kar fpR ds ø;fDr gks] vk,j 'k¬_h; ugC gks] vk,j
'k¬_kX dk cks> ugC Pks jgs gks vius flj ij] rks 'k;n laokn gks tkS3rqe vxj izseh gks4 rqégkjk esjs ikl gksuk Sd
izseh dk lkfU÷; g,] rks 'k;n laokn gks tkS4 rks 'k;n rqe ogh lqu yks] tks eT dgus dh dksf'' dj jgk gwa4 rks
'k;n esjs 'çnkX eX rqégX fuA'çn dh Fks\Lh >udkj vk tkS4 rks 'k;n esjs 'çnkX ds ikj rqe eq>s ns[us eX Fks\Ls ls lGy
gks tkvks4 rks 'k;n 'çnkX ds chp tks [kyh txg g,] og rqégX lqukB i\L lds4 ogh †;knk ew¥;oku g,4rks tc eT Qd
tkrk gwa {< Hj dks vk,j rqégkjh rjG ns[rk gwa] ogh vlyh mRj g,4;g vxj fn[kB i\L tkS rks ¬okHkfod fGj rqe
gh jgXxs4 tc rd eu g,] mOrs gh jgXxs4 og eu dk ¬oHko g,4 t,ls l\Ld ij yksx pyrs jgXxs] ufn;ka cgrh jgXxh]
vkdk' eX ckny ljdrs jgXxs] Ssls gh rqégkjs eu eX fopkj yxrs jgXxs4 blls dqN v\Lpu ugC g,4vxj rqe esjs ikl
gksus dh m®lqdrk ls Hj tkvks rks mlh m®lqdrk eX rqe vius eu ls nwj gksus yxksxs4 vk,j ;k rks rqe esjs ikl gks ldrs
gks] ;k vius eu ds ikl gks ldrs gks4 nksukX ds ikl rqe ugC gks ldrs4er iwNks4 vxj le> vk xB g, rks er iwNks4
pqi jgks4 mOus nks] mis{k djks4 le>ks] fd tüekX7tüekX dk mi–o g,] py jgk g,] Fks\Ls fnu pysxk4 pyus nks6 mleX
cgqr jl Hh er yks] ÷;ku Hh er nks4 rqe Fks\Ls nwj gIus yxks4 rqe esjs ikl gksus yxks4 l®lax dk ;gh vFZ g,4 xqQ
ds ikl gksuk4 vius ls nwj gksuk] xqQ ds ikl gksuk] l®lax dk vFZ g,4 D;kXfd nks eX ls Sd gh ckr gks ldrh g,4 ;k
rks rqe vius ikl gks ldrs gks] ;k xqQ ds ikl gks ldrs gks4 vius ikl jgs] l®lax ugC gqvk4 xqQ ds ikl jgs]
l®lax gks x;k4rc rks bldk ;g Hh vFZ gqvk fd rqe gtkjkX ehy ls Hh rqe xqQ ds ikl gks ldrs gks vk,j xqQ ds
ikl c,Odj Hh nwj gks ldrs gks4 blfyS l®lax dk dksB laca/ Hwxksy ls ugC g,4 l®lax dk dksB laca/ u rks ¬Fku ls
g,] u dky ls g,4 D;kXfd vxj izse xgu gks] rks rqe vkt blh {< cq0 ds ikl gks ldrs gks6 rks ¬Fku dh nwjh Hh
dqN nwjh ugC g,4 le; dh nwjh Hh dqN nwjh ugC g,4 vk,j vü;Fk rqe esjs ikl c,Os gks ldrs gks vk,j djks\LkX o"k˜ dk
Gklyk g,] vk,j djks\LkX ehykX dk Gklyk g,4 rqe ftrus vius fudI] mrus gh rqe eq>ls nwj gks4;g Sd lnHko dk
tüe gqvk g,4 bl lnHko dks th;ks4 iwNus dh fG∂ Nks\Lks4 eT ;g ugC dg jgk gwa fd nwljs] ftudh vHh iwNus dh
vkdka{k g,] os iwNuk can dj nX4 m/kj dke ugC pyrk4 ftlds Hhrj ;g vkdka{k mn; gqB g,] fd vc iwNus eX jl
/hjs7/hjs efD[;ka nwj gksus yxC4 vc Hh FC] exj c\Ls Gklys ij4 ehykX yack Gklyk Fk4 Gklyk c\Lk gksrk pyk
x;k6 t,ls pkan7rkjkX ds ikl vc efD[;ka xwat jgh FC] vk,j rqe brus nwj Fs] D;k ysuk7nsuk`fopkj ds lkF rknk®é;
rks\L yks] cl2 rqe muls vyx gks] rqe muls fHU gks4 rqe fopkj ugC gks] rqe fopkj ds –‘Ik vk,j lk{h gks6 cl]
bl lk{hHko ls esjs ikl jg tkvks4 rks rqeus tks izæu ugC Hh iwNs gT] mudk Hh mRj fey tkSxk4 iwN7iwN dj rks
rqe tks iwNrs gks] mldk Hh dgka feyus okyk g,` vk,j tks eT rqégX mRj nsrk gwa] og rks cπpkX dks f[yk,us nsus t,lk g,4
rkfd jl yxk jgs] cπps [syus vkrs jgX6 dHh my> tkSaxs4 dHh f[yk,uk GXd nXxs vk,j vlyh pht ysus dks jkth
gks tkSaxs4nsuk pkgrk gwa rqégX 'wü;6 D;kXfd mlh ls iw<Z dk ekxZ [qyrk g,4 ysfdu rqe 'çn ekaxrs gks blfyS 'çn
nsrk gwa] fd Ohd] vkrs jgs rks fdlh u fdlh fnu jksx id\L gh tkSxk4 ;g jksx c\Lk la∂ked g,4xqQ ls †;knk
la∂ked nqfu;k eX dksB vk,j nwljh pht ugC g,4 cl] vkrs jgks4 mruh fgéer vxj j[h vkrs jgus dh] rks fdlh u
fdlh fnu jksx id\L gh tkSxk4 vk,j ;g jksx fcuk ekjs ugC Nks\Lrk4 ;g fcydqy feIk gh Lkyrk g,4 bldk dksB
bykt Hh ugC g,6 yk7bykt g,] buD;ksjscy g,4 Sd nGk yx x;k] fGj NwIrk ugC4 ikapoka izæu A dHh7dHh thou
eX nq[ vk,j ih\Lk dk bruk vuqHo gksrk g,] fd yxrk g, blls †;knk nq[ ujd eX Hh ugC gksxk4 fGj Hh thou ds
izfr o,jk≈; i,nk D;kX ugC gksrk`nq[ ls dHh o,jk≈; i,nk gksrk gh ugC] lq[ ls i,nk gksrk g,4 nq[h dh vk'k rks Vtnk
jgrh g,6 flGZ lq[h dh vk'k IwIrh g,4 D;kXfd nq[ eX Sslk yxrk gh jgrk g,] fd vkt nq[ g,] dy Ohd gks tkSxk4
vHh nq[ g,] lnk Fks\Ls gh jgsxk2 vk,j nq[ eX Sslk Hh yxrk g,] fd dqN u dqN jk¬rk g, blds ikj tkus dk4xjhc
fdruk gh xjhc gks] mldks yxrk gh jgrk g,] vehj gksus dk dksB u dksB mik;
g,4 vkf[j nwljs gks xS gT4 blfyS fH[eaxk dHh fojkxh ugC gks ldrk4 c\Lk eqfædy g,4 fH[eaxs dh vk'k yxh
jgrh g,4 ftlds ikl g, gh ugC] og Nks\Lsxk d,ls` ftlds ikl g,] ogh Nks\L ldrk g,4 lq[ ls vlyh o,jk≈; i,nk
gksrk g,] nq[ ls udyh o,jk≈;4 blfyS nq[ ls eT rqe ls dgrk Hh ugC fd rqe nq[ ls o,jk≈; dh rjG tkuk6 ugC4
og dksB Ohd jk¬rk ugC g,4vxj rqe nq[ ls o,jk≈; dh rjG xS rks rqe dHh eks{ ds vkdka{h u cuksxs6 †;knk ls
†;knk ¬oxZ ds4 D;kXfd nq[h vkneh lq[ ekaxrk g,] vkuan ugC4 vkuan dk mls irk gh ugC4 lq[ dk gh irk ugC]
vkuan rks c\Lh nwj dh ckr g,4 vk,j nq[h vkneh dks tks ;gka ugC feyk g,] og ijyksd eX ekaxrk g,4 vk,j nq[h vkneh
dks tks viuh dksf'' ls ugC feyk g,] og ijek®ek ls ekaxrk g,4 ysfdu nq[h vkneh fojkxh ugC gks ldrk4 eTus
fdlh nq[h vkneh dks dHh fojkxh gksrs ugC ns[k4 vk,j vxj gks tkS] rks og >wOk o,jk≈; gksxk4rqégX vius laü;kfl;kX
eX] vxj rqe bl eq¥d eX Hze< djks rks rqégX lk, eX ls fuü;kucs izfr'r Ssls laü;klh feyXxs] tks nq[ ds dkj<
laü;klh gks xS gT4 nq[ ds dkj< tks laü;kl vkrk g,] ml laü;kl eX Hh nq[ dh Nk;k i\Lh jgrh g, vk,j lq[ dh
vkdka{k cuh jgrh g,4 blhfyS nq[ ls rqe eqDr u gks ikvksxs vk,j o,jk≈; dk dksB tüe nq[ ls u gksxk4lq[ ls
o,jk≈; dk tüe gksrk g,4 D;kX`D;kXfd tc lq[ fey tkrk g,] rc Hh rqe ikrs gks fd nq[ rks feIk gh ugC4 lq[ Hh
fey x;k vk,j nq[ rks cjdjkj g,4 tks feyuk Fk] og fey x;k6 feyk rks dqN Hh ugC4 Hhrj rks lc [kyh g,4 /u
fey x;k vk,j Hhrj dh fu/Zurk u feIh4 t,lh lqanj i®uh pkfgS Fh fey xB] ysfdu dksB r1fîr u feyh4 t,lk ifr
pkfgS Fk] fey x;k] ysfdu lc lius IwI xS4 dksB liuk iwjk u gqvk4nq[h vkneh rks vk'k dj ldrk g,] lq[h
vkneh d,ls vk'k djsxk` vk,j vk'k g, jkx4 nq[h vkneh dh rks vk'k cuh jgrh g, fd ;g i®uh fey xB nq‘I4
nqfu;k eX bruh f¬_;ka gT] Sd vHkxs ge blls my> xS2 dksB nwljh ¬_h fey tkrh4 vk,j f¬_;ka fn[rh gT l\LdkX ij
galrs] eq¬dqjkrs4 vk,j yksx fn[rs gT4 vk,j yxrk g,] fd yksx c\Ls lq[h gT] ge gh nq[h gT4
og tks izrhfr g,] og izrhfr vk'k ca/krh g,] fd dksB u dksB jk¬rk fudy vkS] dksB lqanj ¬_h fey tkS4 ge xjhc
gT] blfyS nq[h gT4 vxj egy gksrk rks nq[h u gksrs4 vk,j Sslk yxrk g,] egykX eX tks yksx gT] os nq[h ugC gT4
D;kXfd viuh vlyh 'Dy dksB Hh ugC fn[krk4 ckgj yksx 'DyX vks\P dj vkrs gT4 Hhrj nq[h gksrs gT] ckgj galrs
esgeku dks /ks[k ns jgs gks` blds o,jk≈; gksus dh Fks\Lh laHkouk Fh] og Hh feIk nh4 ;g lkspsxk] d,ls lq[ eX th
jgs gT4 ¬oxZ mrjk g, bl ?j eX4 Sd ge gh nq[h gT fd dyg pyrh g,4 vk,j ;gh n'k rqégkjs fe_ dh g,4 tc og
rqégkjs ?j igqaprk g,] rqe Hh eq¬dqjkus yxrs gks4 ckgj c\Lk /ks[k g,4 /uh ;gka lq[h gksus dk /ks[k ns jgk g,4 rks
xjhc dh vk'k ca/h g,4 i\Pk7fy[k] x,j7i\Ps7fy[s dks /ks[k ns jgk g,] fd ge c\Ls lq[h gT4dksB lq[h ugC g,4 ;gka
nks rjg ds nq[h yksx gT4 Sd os yksx gT nq[h] ftuds ikl dqN ugC g,3xjhc nq[h4 vk,j Sd ;gka os yksx gT ftuds
ikl lc g, vk,j nq[h gT3vehj nq[h4 nks rjg ds nq[h yksx gT4ysfdu xjhc ds nq[ ls NqIdkjk cgqr dfOu g,4
dfOu blfyS g, fd rqe vk'k dks d,ls feIkvksxs` xjhckX ds dkj< gh rks rqégkjs ¬oxZ i,nk gqS gT3>wOs2 os vk'kSa
gT xjhckX dh4 ogka d¥io1{ gT ftuds uhps c,Odj lc dkeukSa iwjh gks tkrh gT4 ;s dkeh iqQ"kX us gh cukS gkXxs
d¥io1{4 fojkxh dk d¥io1{ ls D;k laca/ g,`rhu 'çn gT gekjs ikl A ujd] ¬oxZ vk,j eks{4 ujd dk lHh
vuqHo djrs gT4 ujd dgC g, ugC6 rqe tgka gks] ogC g,4 ftl fnu rqe ;g le> yksxs] rqe mlls Hkxuk Nks\L nksxs4
D;kXfd og rqégkjs gksus eX fNik g,4 og rqégkjs gksus dk Pax g,4 og dksB Sslk ¬Fku ugC fd b/j ls nwljh txg pys xS
I≠su eX c,O dj4 mlls dksB GdZ u i\Lsxk4 og rqégkjs gksus dk Pax g,4 rqe tgka gks] ogC ujd eX jgksxs4 xjhc gks] rks
xjhc dk ujd gksxk4 vehj gks rks vehj dk ujd gksxk6 exj ujd gksxk4 D;kXfd rqégkjs gksus dh ø;o¬Fk ukjdh; g,4
rqégkjs ikl dyk g, ujd cukus dh4 tc rd og dyk u NwI tkSxh] rc rd ujd gksxk4blfyS tks Hh vkneh tgka
g,] ogC ujd vuqHo djrk g,4 eTus vius thou eX yk[kX yksxkX dks fudIrk ls ns[k g,4 muds thou
dh my>u dks le>us dh dksf'' dh g,4 eTus fdlh vkneh dks lq[h ugC ns[k4 lq[h vkneh feyk gh ugC4 t,ls
lq[h vkneh g, gh ugC2 D;k ekeyk g,` lc rjg ds yksx eTus ns[s4Sd vkneh vkrk g,] og dgrk g,] cπpk ugC g,
blfyS eT nq[h gwa4 vk,j nwljk vkneh] og x;k ugC vk,j vkrk g, vk,j dgrk g,] cπpkX dh otg ls c\Lk nq[h gwa4Sd
vkneh dgrk g, fd c\Lh Vprk g, /u dh] ø;o¬Fk dh6 lks gh ugC ikrk4 blls rks xjhc csgrj4 vk,j nwljk vkneh
dgrk g,] ge ejs tk jgs gT] xjhch eX4lc nq[h gT4 gj rjg ds yksx4 rks ujd dqN gksus dk Pax g,4 Sd dyk g,] tks
rqedks vxj vkrh g, rks rqe tgka Hh jgksxs] ogC ujd cuk yksxs4 vk,j ujd eX lHh yksx gkX] rks ¬oxZ dh vkdka{k
i,nk gksrh g,4ujd f¬Ffr g,] ¬oxZ d¥iuk g,4 ujd ok¬rfodrk g,3rqe tgka gks ogC4 dgC ikrky eX ujd ugC g,4
ikrky eX rks vejhdk g,4 vk,j vejhdk eX Hh yksx lksprs gT] ikrky eX ujd g,4 rqe ikrky eX gks4 tehu xksy
g,4¬oxZ vkdka{k g, vk,j eks{ ∂kafr g,4ftl fnu rqe vius Hhrj ujd dh ø;o¬Fk dks rks\L nksxs] ml fnu ¬oxZ ugC
feysxk4 ¬oxZ rks ujd dk gh iz{si< Fk4 og rks ujd eX gh thusokys vkneh dh vkdka{k Fh4 ftl fnu Hhrj dk
ujd IwI tkrk g,] ml fnu ¬oxZ Hh [ks tkrk g,4 ml fnu eks{ cprk g,4 ml fnu rqe eqDr gks4eTus lquk g,
!&#[qæpso ejk] rks og lh/k ¬oxZ igqap x;k4 lXI ihIj] tks Blkb;kX ds ¬oxZ ds }kj ij igjk nsrs gT] os tjk Vpfrr
gqS fd bl !&#[qæpso dks Hhrj ysuk fd ugC2 rks mügkXus dgk] vki tjk izrh{ky; eX c,OX6 eT iwNdj vkMa4
Hxoku dks mügkXus iwNk fd [zqæpso vk x;k g,4 dé;qfu¬I dks Hhrj ysuk fd ugC` ukf¬rd g,4Hxoku us dgk] vc
tks Hh vk x;k g,6 vkS gqS dks yk,Ikuk Ohd ugC4 flGZ Sd 'rZ mlls dj ysuk fd ;gka dé;wfu†e dk izpkj u djs4
vk,j fdlh dks le>kS7cq>kS u4 vk,j ;gka dksB tWjr Hh ugC g,4 D;kXfd ¬oxZ eX rks lHh dqN g,4 ;gka rks lHh
vehj gT4 d¥io1{ gh d¥io1{ yxs gT4 fdlh dh dksB dkeuk vr1îr ugC g,4 rks ;gka dksB loZgkjk g, gh ugC] dksB
xjhc g, gh ugC4 ;gka rks lHh lq[h gT vk,j vfHtkr gT4 blfyS ;gka dksB tWjr Hh ugC g,4 mldks dguk] ;gka dksB
tWjr Hh ugC g,4 vk,j rqe ;g Hj u djuk6 rks ge bl 'rZ ij rqégX Hhrj ys ysrs gT4 vk,j Sd o"Z ds ckn ge tkap
djXxs4 vxj lc Ohd ik;k rks Qd ldrs gks] vü;Fk tkuk i\Lsxk4[zqæpso jkth gks x;k4 Sd lky ds ckn lXI ihIj
dks cqyk;k Hxoku us vk,j dgk fd D;k [cj g, [zqæpso ds laca/ eX` rks lXI ihIj us Hxoku ls dgk] 8dkejsL] lc
mlls vkxs c\Prh gh ugC4rqégkjh dkeuk g,] ¬_h lksyg lky ij Qd tkS4 mlh dkeuk dks rqeus ¬oxZ eX cuk fy;k
g,4 ogka o1{kX ds uhps c,Odj rqe tks okluk djrs gks] r®{< iwjh gks tkrh g,4 ;gka rqe cgqr HId fyS gks4 okluk
djrs gks] o"k˜ yx tkrs gT iwjk gksus eX4 vk,j tc rd iwjh gksus ds djhc vkrh g,] rc rd rqégkjh î;kl gh feI xB
gksrh g,] ;k rqe gh feIus ds djhc igqap xS gksrs gks4 dksB lkj ugC fn[rk4blfyS ogka r®{<2 le; ugC [ksrk4
d¥io1{ ds uhps rqeus pkgk vk,j gqvk4 bu nksukX ds chp eX iy ugC [ksrk4 b/j rqégkjs eu eX fopkj mOk] m/j iwjk
gqvk4eTus lquk g,] fd Sd vkneh Hwy ls ¬oxZ eX HId x;k4 igqap x;k dgC HId dj4 Sd d¥io1{ ds uhps
foJke djus ysI x;k4 vka[ [qyh rks mls c\Lh Hw[ yxh Fh4 mlus Ssls gh] t,lk rqe
lksprs gks] lkspk fd vxj dgC Hkstu fey tkrk~ ~ ~r®{< Fkfy;ka pkjkX rjG yx xbq4 og bruk Hw[k Fk fd
ml le; mlus fopkj Hh ugC fd;k] ;s d,ls yx xbq` dgka ls vk xbq` mldk isI Hj x;k] rc mlus lkspk]
ikuh` ikuh vk x;k ¬okfn‘I] lq¬oknq4 [wc [k x;k Fk] [wc ikuh ih fy;k Fk rks mlus dgk] cl] vc fc¬rj dh
deh g,4 fc¬rj vk x;k2fc¬rj ij ysI jgk Fk] rc mls [;ky vk;k fd ;g gks D;k jgk g,` Ssls rks ge igys Hh
lksprs jgs] ysfdu dHh Sslk gqvk ugC4 ;gka dksB Hwr7izsr rks ugC g,` fd pkjkX rjG Hwr7izsr [\Ls gks
xS3d¥io1{2og ?c\Lk;k4 mlus dgk] ekjs xS2 og ekjk x;k4 Hwr7izsr [k xS mldks ogC4d¥io1{ ds uhps Hh
rqe gh rks jgksxs4 lc Hh iwjk gksxk] rks Hh rqe eqfædy eX i\Lksxs4 t¥nh gh rqe Hh 8ekjs xS8 dh vo¬Fk eX igqap
tkvksxs4 Fks\Lk lkspks fd rqe d¥io1{ ds uhps c,Os gks] D;k ekaxksxs` fdruh nsj rd rqégkjh ekax iwjh gksrh jgsxh vk,j
lc Ohd pyrk jgsxk` rqégX vius eu dk gh dgka Hjkslk g,` vk,j d¥io1{ ds uhps Sslk ugC fd rqe dgks rc
d¥io1{ iwjk djrk g,4 Hhrj fopkj mOk] fd iwjk gqvk4rqe d¥io1{ ls tjk nwj gh nwj jguk4 vxj dgC fey tkS rks
Sdne Hkx [\Ls gksuk4 D;kXfd rqégkjs eu eX D;k mO tkSxk] dqN dgk ugC tk ldrk4 D;k7D;k mOrk jgrk g,] rqégX
irk gh g,4 dqN Hh myIk7lh/k2 rqégkjk eu rks fof{îr g,4 d¥io1{ ds uhps c,Odj rqe ikxy gks tkvksxs4ugC] nq[
ls Hkxksxs rks ijyksd eX Hh rqe lq[ gh [kstksxs4 nq[ ls er Hkxks] tkxks4 vk,j t,ls rqe nq[ ls tkxksxs] rqe ikvksxs
fd nq[ dk lkj D;k g,` lq[ dh vkdka{k nq[ dk lkj g,4 lq[ dh dkeuk nq[ dk cht g,4 lq[ dh ekax nq[ dh
'qQvkr g,4vxj lp eX nq[ ls cp tkuk g,] dgC tkus dh tWjr ugC g,4 u dksB iwtk] u dksB izkFZuk] u dksB ;ksx]
u dksB ri4 flGZ og tks lq[ dh vkdka{k g,] mls Nks\L nks4 og t,ls7t,ls NwIrh tkSxh] o,ls7o,ls rqe ikvksxs fd
rqe lq[h gksrs tkrs gks4 Sd Sslh ?\Lh vkrh g, vkarfjd larqyu dh] tgka lq[ dh vkdka{k iwjh fxj tkrh g,4 ogC nq[
lekîr gks tkrk g,4 os Sd gh flDds ds nks igyw gT4rc rqe eqDr gks4 ml eqDr dks gh eT laü;¬r dgrk gwa4 ml eqDr
dks gh eT ohrjkx dgrk gwa4nq[ ls cpdj tks o,jk≈; i,nk gksrk g,] og jkx ds foijhr g,4 og jkx dk gh myIk Wi g,]
'h"kZlu g,4 nq[ dks le>dj] tkudj tks o,jk≈; m®iU gksrk g, og ohrjkxrk g,4 og nksukX ds ikj g,4 u rks og jkx
ia–goka izopu
vk,j Kku eX c\Lk GdZ g,4 Sd rks Kku g, iafLr dk vk,j Sd Kku g, izKkoku dk4 bu nksukX dk Hsn lkG u gks tkS rks
vKku ds ikj mOuk dfOu g,4vk,j Hsn ckjhd g,4 Hsn cgqr lw”e vk,j uktqd g,4 nksukX Sd t,ls fn[kB i\Lrs gT4
tq\Loka HkB t,ls ekywe gksrs gT] ysfdu nksukX u dsoy fHU gT] cf¥d foijhr Hh gT4 nksukX dk xq</eZ '_qrk dk
g,4vKku ls Hh †;knk nwjh izKkoku ds Kku dh] iafLr ds Kku ls g,4 Sd ckj vKku ds ikj gks tkuk vklku g,] iafLr
ds Kku ds ikj gksuk cgqr dfOu g,4bls Fks\Lk le>X4ikafL®; dk Kku Sslk g,] t,ls dksB laxzg djs4 fGj pkgs og laxzg
/u dk gks] pkgs ghjs7tokgjkrkX dk gks] vk,j pkgs Kku dh tkudkjh dk gks] lwpukvkX dk gks4 iafLr laxzg djrk g,
vk,j iafLr ¬o;a ml laxzg ls vNwrk jgrk g,4 o¬rqrA iafLr ml laxzg dk ekfyd jgrk g,4ftl nwljs Kku dh ckr eT
dj jgk gwa] izKkoku dk Kku] ogka izKkoku vius Kku dk ekfyd ugC gksrk] Kku gh izKkoku dk ekfyd gksrk g,4 vk,j
izKkoku Kku dks lax1ghr ugC djrk g,] mldh rks vka/h vkrh g,] tks lc m\Lk ys tkrh g,4 vlyh Kku Sd rwGku g,4
vlyh Kku Sd vk®e∂kafr g,4 vlyh Kku Sd vjktd vo¬Fk g,4rqe cpksxs gh u] vlyh Kku dh vka/h vkSxh
rks4 ftl Kku eX rqe cp tkrs gks] tku ysuk og Kku /ks[s dk g,4 tks rqégkjs vgadkj dks Nwrk gh ugC oju vk,j Hh
c\Pkrk g,] og Kku ugC g,4 og Kku dk >wOk flDdk g,4 og rqégX Kku dk /ks[k ns jgk g, vk,j c\Lk [rjukd g,4 mlls
rks vKku Hh csgrj g,4 de7ls7de vKku vgadkj dks rks ugC c\Pkrk4 vKku de7ls7de euq‘; dks fouez rks
j[rk g,4 vKku de7ls7de euq‘; dks ;FkFZ rks j[rk g,] >wOk rks ugC cukrk4 vKku dk dksB ik[aL rks ugC
g,4iafLr ;kuh ik[aL4 og ik[aL dh thrh7tkxrh izfrek g,4 Hhrj rks vKku g,] ckgj mlus Kku vk,j 'k¬_kX dh
nhoky [\Lh dj j[h g,4 Hhrj rks nh;k tyk ugC g,] ysfdu vius ?j ds pkjkX rjG mlus osn7opu bdØs dj j[s gT4
osn7opu [ksn fnS gT nhokykX ij4 ¬o;a mlus rks dksB Hh ydhj ugC [Cph g,4 og ¬o;a rks vNwrk jg x;k g,4 og rks
o,lk gh g,] t,lk rc Fk] tc dqN Hh u tkurk Fk4 mleX japek_ Hsn ugC i\Lk4 mlds thou dh xq<oRk eX dksB
varj ugC vk;k] dksB vka/h ugC ?Ih] dksB rwGku ugC vk;k] ftleX iqjkuk edku fxj x;k gks vk,j vpkud mlus
ik;k gks fd og [qys vkdk' ds uhps g,4 ftleX iqjkuh lkjh /kj<kSa IwI xB gkX4 vk,j vpkud mlus ik;k gks fd fpR
[ks x;k4 ftleX iqjkus lkjs fopkj cg xS gkX Sslh dksB ck\P ugC vkB fd og u≈u] 'wü; vk,j [kyh jg x;k gks4iafLr
dk Kku c\Lk lqj{k ls Hjk g,4 rqe ogh jgrs gks] tks Fs4 rqe vius dks cpkrs gqS Kku dks bdØk djrs pys tkrs gks4
Kku rqégkjh eqØh eX gksrk g,4 rqe mlds ekfyd gksrs gks4 Kku rqégX ugC feIk ikrk] oju rqe Kku dk mi;ksx djrs gks]
'ks"< djrs gks4 rqe Kku dk /a/k dj ldrs gks4ysfdu og Kku rqégX ijek®ek ds ikl u ys tkSxk4 ml Kku ls 8gfj
dh xfr8 dk dksB irk u pysxk4 og Kku Ssls gh g, t,ls jkg pyrs vkneh ds Mij /wy te tkrh g,] vk,j og ¬uku u
djs] vk,j /wy dh irZ7irZ terh pyh tkS4 iafLr dk Kku Sslk gh g,4 og ml vkneh dk Kku g,] tks pyk rks cgqr]
ysfdu ftlus dHh ÷;ku dk ¬uku u fd;k6 tks dHh ugk;k u4 ftlus ;k_k rks tüekX7tüekX eX dh] cgqr vuqHokX ls
xqtjk] lc dw\Lk7djdI bdØk dj fy;k] ysfdu dHh ¬uku u fd;k4rks c\Lk cks> iafLr ds Mij bdØk gks tkrk g,4
rqe vxj iafLr dks pyrs Hh ns[ks] rks rqe le> ikvksxs fd mlds flj ij igk\L j[s gT] nck tk jgk g,4Kku nckSxk
fdlh dks` Kku rks eqDr djrk g,4 Kku cks> cusxk fdlh dk` rks fGj fuck∆> dk,u djsxk` Kku Vprk i,nk djsxk]
ruko i,nk djsxk` Kku dks Hh Pksuk i\Lsxk etcwjh eX] drZø;o'` rks fGj izse dk tüe dgka gksxk` izse dh ¬Gqj<k
dgka gksxh` fGj lgtrk dk >juk dgka GwIsxk`iafLr vlgt vkneh g,4 og dHh7dHh vius Kku ds vuqlkj pyus
dh Hh dksf'' djrk g,4 ysfdu og dksf'' djuh i\Lrh g,] og lgt ugC g,4 ps‘Ik djuh i\Lrh g,] tcjn¬rh djuh
i\Lrh g,4 vius dks pykus dk vkxzg djuk i\Lrk g,] vuq'klu Fksiuk i\Lrk g,4fGj Hh vuq'klu IwI7IwI tkrk g,4
og IIksyrk g, va/s vkneh dh rjg4 og vka[okys dh ;k_k ugC g,] ftls fn[kB i\Lrk g, fd njoktk dgka g,4 iafLr
vxj dksf'' djds 'hyoku Hh gks tkS] rks mldk 'hy Hh izGq¥y ugC gksrk] galrk gqvk ugC gksrk] ukprk gqvk
fdrus fu;e ls py jgk gwa vk,j x,j7pfj_oku etk ys jgs gT6 vk,j eT nq[ eX i\Lk gwa4÷;ku j[uk] og lnk dgsxk fd
ikih lq[h gT vk,j eq> t,lk iq≤;k®ek vk,j iafLr ø;fDr nq[ ik jgk g,4 ;g d,lk ü;k; g,2 mldh izkFZukSa f'dk;rkX
ls Hjh gkXxh4 mldh izkFZukvkX eX ih\Lk gksxh] /ü;okn ugC gksxk4 ftruk gh dksB vius dks nckSxk vk,j tcjn¬rh
djsxk] mruk gh ijek®ek ls nwj gksrk pyk tkrk g,4gfj dh xfr rks lgtrk g,4 blfyS dchj ckj7ckj dgrs gT] 8lk/ks
lgt lekf/ Hyh84 lgt lekf/ dk vFZ mlh Kku ls g,] tgka tkuus ds ihNs vkpj< vius vki vkrk g,4 bls rqe
Ohd ls ;kn j[ ysuk4vk,j tc eT dgrk gwa] Ohd ls ;kn j[ ysuk] rks nks rjg ls ;kn j[ ldrs gks4 D;kXfd Kku nks
rjg ds gT4 rqe bls viuh ¬e1fr eX légky dj j[ ldrs gks] t,ls dksB ijh{k nsuh gks6 tgka Ohd7Ohd ;gh 'çn
nksgjkus i\LX4 t,lk foæofo|ky;kX eX cπps ijh{k nsrs gT4 rc rqégkjh ¬e1fr eX ;g latks;k jgsxk fd eTus dgk Fk6
Sslk7Sslk dgk Fk4 rc rqe ydhj ds Gdhj jgksxs4 'çn7'çn nksgjk nksxs] ysfdu og 'çn eqnkZ gkXxs6 vkSaxs rqégkjs
vkXOkX ls ysfdu mudk tüe rqégkjs Ôn; eX u gksxk4 rqégkjs ¬e1fr ds ;a_ ls lh/s rqégkjs vkXOkX dks ikj djds vk
tkSaxs4 rqégkjs Ôn; dks [cj Hh u feysxh4lgt7lekf/ dk vFZ g,] tgka vkpj< Kku dk vius vki vuqlj<
djrk g,] djkuk ugC i\Lrk4rks Sd rks vVglk g, iafLr dh] fd og Fksirk g,] fu;e ysrk g,4 tehu Gwad7Gwad dj i,j
j[sxk fd pCIh u ej tkS4 jkr Hkstu u djsxk] ikuh Nku dj ihSxk4 lc Ohd dj jgk g,] dqN Hh xyr ugC g,
bleX] ysfdu dgC xgjs eX dqN xyrh gks jgh g,4og xyrh ;g g, fd ;g] og dj jgk g,] ;g mlls gks ugC jgk4
bleX ;kstuk g,4 bleX Hfo‘; dk fopkj g,4 bleX iki7iq≤; dk ys[k7tks[k g,] xf<r g,4 ;g og dj jgk g,4 pCIh
ds izfr dksB izse ugC mn; gqvk g,4 flGZ 'k¬_ dks i\P dj pkykdh i,nk gqB g, fd vxj pCIh ejsxh rks rqégX bldk
Gy ikuk i\Lsxk4 pCIh dks nq[ nksxs rks rqégX nq[ Hksxuk i\Lsxk4 nq[ og Hksxuk ugC pkgrk4 pCIh ls dqN ysuk7nsuk
ugC g,4 pCIh ejs] u ejs6 eq>ls u ej tkS4 D;kXfd esjk fGj iki] vk,j esjk Hfo‘; dk thou ladI eX i\Lrk g,4 ;g
mldk fglkc g,4 vxj dksB 'k¬_ crkrk gks] fd ekjks pCIh4 ftruh †;knk pCfI;kX ekjksxs] mruk gh t¥nh eks{
feysxk4 rks ;gh vkneh [kst7[kst dj pCfI;ka ekjus yxsxk4 vxj 'k¬_ fl0 dj ns fd vuNuk ikuh ihuk gh iq≤;
g,3vk,j bleX dksB v\Lpu ugC g,4 ;g fl0 fd;k tk ldrk g,4 rdZ rks osæ;k g,4eT ftl xkao eX i,nk gqvk] esjs
i\Lksl eX Sd t,u ifjokj g,4 ijaijkxr] Wf\P7xz¬r] iqjkus Pax ds yksx gT4 ml ?j dh tks x1fg<h g,] og lkeus gh
dqSa ij jkst ikuh Hjrh4 rks t,lk t,u djrs gT] og ikuh Ssls Hjrh fGj ikuh dks Nkurh] fGj di\Ls eX tks dqN Hh
cpk jgrk3dqN vxj cpk jgrk3dw\Lk7djdI3dqN Hh] vn1æ; tho3ftudk fd t,u fglkc yxkrs gT6 mu
lc dks myIk dj og dqSa eX >\Lk nsrh4 D;kXfd dqSa ls fudkyk g, izkf<;kX dks] os dqSa ds ckgj ej u tkSa4eTus mlls
Sd fnu dgk] Ssls gh etkd eX dgk] ;g rks Ohd g,4 ysfdu bruk Gklyk dqSa dk] os tks dh\Ls7edks\Ls rw fxjk jgh g,
okil] tks fdlh dks fn[kB Hh ugC i\Lrs] os lc ej tkSaxs4 brus NksIs tho gT2 dqSa ds Mij ls okil mudks GXdksxs
uhps] os jk¬rs eX ej tkSaxs4 pksI [kdj ej tkSaxs4 og rks ?c\Lk xB4 mlus dgk] rks eT rks ;g tüe Hj ls dj jgh
vHh rd iq≤; Fk2 iq≤; gh lkspdj dj jgh Fh4 vc og iki gks x;k4 vc og ?c\Lk xB] og eq>ls iwNus yxh]
rks fGj D;k djuk` og tks Nku fy;k ikuh] fGj tks cp x;k Nuk gqvk fg¬lk] mldks D;k djuk` Nkuh eX tks cp
x;k] mldk D;k djuk`eTus mldks dgk] os rks Nkuus eX gh ej tkSaxs] tks vka[ ls ugC fn[kB i\Lrs4 rks mlus dgk]
D;k fcuk gh Nkus ikuh ihuk`muls rks dksB iz;kstu ugC g,3thok<qvkX ls4 fdldks iz;kstu g,` muls dqN ysuk7nsuk
ugC g,4 fG∂ viuh g,] vius vgadkj dh g,] vius lq[7nq[ dh g,4rks tks ø;fDr vVglk dks lk/rk g,] og ikafL®;
dh vVglk g,4 og cz‰p;Z dks Hh lk/ ldrk g,4 ysfdu mlus cz‰p;Z dh lgtrk dks tkuk ugC4 og miokl Hh
dj ldrk g,] ysfdu miokl dk vkuan mls dHh Hh u NqSxk4 og flGZ ijs'ku jgsxk] Hw[k ejsxk4 mldk miokl
Hw[k ejuk gh gksxk4 vk,j mlds psgjs ij mldk lkjk fo"kn fy[k gqvk rqe ikvksxs4 vc ;g c\Lh g,jkuh dh ckr g,
m®iU gksxk miokl] og 'jhj] eu dks] ru dks Sslk rktk dj nsrk g,] Sslk ¬o¬F dj nsrk g,] fd rqe fcuk ukps jg u
ikvksxs4 rqégkjs i,jkX eX ia[ yx tkSaxs4 rqégkjs varjre eX ?wa?j ctus yxXxs4 rqe ukpksxs4 ysfdu rqe t,u lk/qvkX dks
ukprs ns[rs gks` rqe mügX eqn∆ dh rjg c,Os gqS ns[rs gks3ejs gqS4 ;g e1®;q miokl ls ugC vk jgh g,4 ;g Kku ds
ihNs vkpj< dks pykus ls lnk vkrh g,4 Kku ds ihNs vkpj< vius ls vkuk pkfgS] rks gh Kku Kku g,4 og dlk,Ih
g, vlyh Kku dh4vxj rqégX dksB ckr le> vk xB38le> vk xB8 ;kn j[uk] rks D;k rqe mlls foijhr dj
ldksxs` rqégX le> vk x;k fd vkx eX gkF Lkyus ls gkF ty tkrk g,] rks D;k vc rqégX tkdj eafnj eX dle ysuh
i\Lsxh ozr ysuk i\Lsxk fd vkt ls dle [krk gwa Hxoku dks lk{h j[dj] fd vc dHh vkx eX gkF u Lkywaxk`
vxj rqe Sslh dle yksxs] rks rqe ew\P le>s tkvksxs4 yksx galXxs4 vk,j og dgXxs rks bldk rks vFZ ;gh gqvk] fd
u rks rqégX
irk g, fd vkx tykrh g,6 u rqégX bldk dksB vuqHo gqvk g,4 ;g rqeus dgC i\P fy;k gksxk] fd vkx tykrh g,]
blfyS rqe dle ys jgs gks4ozr rks iafLr ysrs gT] Kkuh ugC ysrk4 Kkuh ds thou eX ozr Gfyr gksrs gT4 t,ls o1{kX eX
Gwy yxrs gT] yxkus ugC i\Lrs] Ssls Kkuh ds thou eX ozr yxrs gT4tc rqégX fn[kB i\Lrk g,] rc rqe mlds vuqlkj
pyrs gh gks4 mlls vü;Fk dksB mik; ugC g,4 fGj dqN fd;k gh ugC tk ldrk4 tc njoktk fn[kB i\Lrk g,] rks
rqe mlls fudyrs gks4 rqe nhoky ls d,ls fudyus dh dksf'' djksxs` D;k rqe dle yksxs fd vkt ls eT cl
njokts ls gh fudywaxk] nhoky ls dHh Hh u fudywaxk`tgka le> g,] tgka cks/ g,] tgka ok¬rfod Kku g,] ogka
vkpj< Ssls gh vkrk] t,ls rqégkjs ihNs rqégkjh Nk;k vkrh g,4 mldks ykuk Fks\Ls gh i\Lrk g, cka/7cka/ dj2 ihNs
yk,I7yk,I dj ns[uk Fks\Ls gh i\Lrk g, fd Nk;k vk jgh fd ugC vk jgh4 dgC pwd] HId rks ugC xB2 dgC dksB pqjk
rks ugC ys x;k4 dgC laca/ rks ugC IwI x;k2 Hh\L7Hk\L cgqr Fh] dgC [ks rks ugC xB2Nk;k rqégkjs ihNs vkrh g,4
vkpj< Nk;k g, ok¬rfod Kku dk4 ysfdu >wOs Kku dk vkpj< tcnZ¬rh g,] vkxzg g,] vkjksi< g,4vlyh Kku rks
vka/h dh rjg vkrk g, vk,j rqégX feIk tkrk g,4 rqe rqégkjh iwjh Vglk eX] rqe rqégkjs iwjs vKku eX] rqe rqégkjs iwjs
vgadkj eX Lwc tkrs gks] feI tkrs gks4 vka/h lc feIk tkrh g,4blfyS igyh ckr [;ky j[ yks fd ok¬rfod Kku
vka/h g,4 mleX rqe lqj{k er [kstuk4 og H;adj >a>kokr g,4 og rks rqégX feIkSxk4 og rqégX cpkus ugC vk;k
g,4blfyS rks yksx 'k¬_kX dh ryk' djrs gT4 ogka ls Sslk Kku [kst ysrs gT] tks rqégX feIkS gh u6 oju rqégkjk
vkHw"< cu tkS4 rqégX vk,j ltkS4 rqe t,ls gks] o,ls gh rqégkjh t\LkX dks etcwr dj ns4 rqégkjs ?j dks vk,j Fks\Ls
lgkjs vk,j cf¥y;ka yxk ns4 rqégkjk Nîij] tks o,ls gh tjkth<Z gqvk tk jgk Fk] mldks Fks\Lk Sd cjlkr ds ;ks≈;
vk,j cuk ns4 vk,j rqégkjk ?j tks vius gh cks> ls fxjk tk jgk Fk] mldks Fks\Lk
vk,j cpk ys] Fks\Ls fnu vk,j [Cp ys4eT rqels dgrk gwa fd iki gh dkGh g, rqégkjs thou ds ?j dks fxjk nsus dks4
vxj Kku dk lgkjk u feys] rks gj ikih lar gks tkS4 ysfdu Kku dk lgkjk fey tkrk g,4 vk,j ikih dks tc ikafL®;
dk lgkjk fey tkrk g,] rks lar®o cgqr nwj gks tkrk g,4 rc rks rqégX lheXI fey xB] ftlls rqe Ohd ls lqj{k dj yks
vius ?j dh4dchj bl lw_ eX c\Lh vuwOh ckrX dg jgs gT4igyh vuwOh ckr rks ;gh g, fd Kku vka/h g,] rwGku g,4
mleX rqe cp u ldksxs4 Kku dks fuea_< nsuk c\Lk nq¬lkgl dk dke g,4 og fuea_< g, viuh e1®;q dks] vgadkj dh
e1®;q dks4 rqe t,ls gks] mlds feI tkus dks4 rqégkjk ukeek_ Hh u cpsxk4 rqégkjh js[k Hh u cpsxh4 rqe Ssls [ks
tkvksxs t,lh jsr ij [Cph xB js[kSa vka/h ds ckn [ksts Hh ugC feyrC4rqeus g¬rk{j dj j[s gT jsr ij4 ltk j[k
g,4 c\Lh vk'k dj jgs gks fd bfrgkl eX cpksxs4 yksx lfn;kX rd rqégkjk uke ;kn j[Xxs4vk,j tc Kku dh vka/h vkrh
g,] lc g¬rk{j iqN tkrs gT4 irk Hh ugC pyrk] dgka rqégkjs g¬rk{j Fs2 dgka rqeus ltk;k Fk viuk ?j2rqe cpksxs
ijek®ek dh Hkafr6 rqégkjh Hkafr rqe u cpksxs4 rqe cpksxs vuar dh Hkafr] vlhe dh Hkafr4 lhek eX rqe u cpksxs4
rqe t,ls gks] o,ls u cpksxs] rqe t,ls gksus dks gks] o,ls cpksxs4 rqégkjk Hfo‘; cpsxk] rqégkjk vrhr u cpsxk4;g vka/h
8f_¬uk Nkfu ijh ?j Mifj8og tks NkB g, r1‘<k ?j ds Mij Nîij dh Hkafr] og fxj i\Lh4!~!% 8dqcqf/ dk HkaLk
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vk,j dchj dgrs gT] vc geus Sd nwljk gh ?j cuk;k4 nwljk ?j cukuk gh i\Lk4 vka/h Sslh vk xB Kku dh] fd
iqjkuk ?j fxj x;k4 Fwuh IwI xB] [aHs fxj xS] Nîij tehu ij vk jgk g,4 lc u‘I gks x;k4 iqjkuk x;k] vrhr
fonk gqvk] vk,j vka/h us bl rjg rks\L Lkyk lc] fd vc rks u;k ?j cukuk i\Lk4;gh rks u;k tüe g,4 blh dks ge
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dgrs gT] thll dh e1®;q gqB lwyh ij vk,j fGj rhu fnu ckn os iquQ†thfor gks xS4 ;g iquQ†thou dk fl0kar
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lwyh yx xB] vkneh ej x;k] [®e gks x;k] iquQ†thou laHo d,ls g,` eqnkZ d,ls mO ldrk g,`ysfdu os Hwy gh
xS] fd fjljsD'u dh ckr] iquQ†tho dh ckr Sd xgjk izrhd g,] Sd ladsr g,4 mldk thll ds ok¬rfod 'jhj
ls mOdj pyus dk dksB laca/ ugC g,4thll dh lwyh Hh izrhd g, vk,j mudk iquQthou Hh4 og vka/h dh [cj g,4
tc vka/h vkrh g, rks iqjkus dks rks lwyh yx tkrh g,4 og rks efj;e dk csIk thll Fk] og rks ej x;k4 vk,j vc
ijek®ek ds csIs thll dk tüe gqvk4 thll dh e1®;q gqB] ∂kB¬I dk tüe gqvk4 og f}t g,4 mlh fnu thll
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dchj dgrs gT] tc vka/h vk xB] iqjkuk lc fxj x;k6 u;k ?j cukuk i\Lk4
8tksx tqxfr dfj lark, cka/h] fujpw pqo, u ikuh48 vk,j vc Sd nwljk gh ?j cuk;k] ftleX ikuh ds pwus dh Hh
laHkouk ugC4 c\Lh tksx vk,j tqxfr ls cuk;k g,4 dchj ds ;s 'çn c\Ls xzké; gT] ij c\Ls vFZiw<Z4tqxr3tqxr dk
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tkrk g,4 tgka n1æ; vk,j vn1æ; dk feyu gks tkrk g,] ogka ;ksx4vk,j tqxr ~ ~ ~ ml ;ksx dh rjG tkus ds fyS
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8tksx tqxfr dfj lark, cka/h ~ ~ ~8 vk,j vc Sd u;k ?j cuk;k g,] ftldks c\Ls ;ksx ls3ftls nks dk lgkjk gh ugC
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vc bleX ls ikuh dh Sd cwan Hh ugC pw ldrh4;g Fks\Lk lkspus t,lk g, fd lalkj ds ?j dks rqe fdruk gh etcwr
cukvks] mleX ls nqA[ rks pwrk gh jgrk g,4 fdruk gh cukvks lqanj ?j] ¬oxZ ugC gks ikrk4 ujd pwrk gh jgrk g,4
fdruk gh etcwr Nîij gks r1‘<k dk] D;k GdZ i\Lrk g,` r1‘<k ds uhps vkneh vlqjf{r gh cuk jgrk g,] ihf\Lr gh
cuk jgrk] nq[h gh cuk jgrk4 dHh Sslh ?\Lh ugC vkrh fd fuVæpr gks tkS4 Vprk cuh gh jgrh g,4 etcwr ls
etcwr r1‘<k ds Nîij ds uhps Hh Vprk dk var ugC gksrk6 ikuh pwrk gh jgrk g,4
vly eX r1‘<k eX Nsn g,] blfyS rqe r1‘<k dk Nîij cuk ugC ldrs4 r1‘<k dk ¬oHko lfN– g,4cq0 ds thou eX
m¥ys[ g,4 os dqSa ij] Sd xkao ls fudyrs gqS Sd dqSa ij ikuh ihus ds fyS [\Ls gT4 mudk fH{q] mudk f'‘;
vkuan Hh muds ikl [\Lk g,4 Sd vkneh ikuh Hj jgk g,3ikxy jgk gksxk4 ikxykX dh dksB deh Hh ugC g,4 os gh
†;knk gT4 cqf0eku rks dgC [ksts ls dksB feyrk g,4dksB ikxy ikuh Hj jgk gksxk4 cq0 izrh{k dj jgs gT fd og ikuh
tkrk g,4 dkeuk gh vk/kj g, 'jhj dk4 tc dksB dkeuk gh u jgh] ikus dks dqN u jgk] tkuus dks dqN u jgk] ;k_k
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rqégkjk dqN Hh ugC cprk] rHh rqégX gfj dk jg¬; irk pyuk 'qW gksrk g,4 tc rd rqe gks] rc rd gfj ugC4dchj
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rqégkjk feyuk dHh gksxk ugC4 rqe feyksxs mlh fnu ftl fnu rqe u jgksxs4 rqégkjk [kyh Wi gh ijek®ek ls feysxk4
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rqégkjk u gksuk gh mlds gksus ds fyS mik; g,4 rqe brus †;knk gks2 rqégkjs brus †;knk gksus ds dkj< gh og rqégkjs
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vFZ eg®oiw<Z gT4Sd vFZ rks ;g g, fd tc lc dw\Lk7djdI fudy x;k rc gfj dh xfr dk irk pyk4nwljk vFZ
;g Hh gks ldrk g, tc gfj dh xfr dk irk pyk] rHh lc dw\Lk7djdI fudyk4 vk,j nwljk vFZ igys ls xgjk
g,4exj nksukX la;qDr gT4 os Ssls gh la;qDr gT] t,ls eqxñ vk,j vaLk la;qDr gT4 nksukX Sd gh flDds ds nks igyw gT4 ;gka
'jhj dk dw\Lk7djdI fudy tkrk g,] r1‘<k IwIrh g,] ek;k7eksg dk tky IwIrk g,] dqcqf0 dk HkaLk GwIrk g,] ogka
gfj dh xfr vuqHo eX vkus yxrh g,4 m/j gfj dh xfr vuqHo eX vkrh g, vk,j ;gka tks Hh cpk7[qpk g,] og Hh
fonk gks tkrk g,4;s nksukX lkF7lkF ?Irs gT4 vly eX ge tc dgus pyrs gT] rc nks fg¬ls gks tkrs gT4 ?Iuk eX Sd
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rc nh;k tykus ds ckn va/dkj tkrk g, ckgj dejs ds] ;k va/dkj ds ckgj pys tkus ds ckn nh;k tyrk g,`rqe
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vFZ gqvk fd nh;s ds tyus dh dksB tWjr gh u jgh4 va/dkj tc ckgj gh pyk x;k] rks nh;k cq>k Hh jgs rks Hh
izdk' gksxk4 vxj rqe ;g dgks fd tc nh;k ty tkrk g,] rc va/dkj ckgj tkrk g,] rc Hh eqfædy g,4 bldk
eryc ;g gqvk] fd nh;k Hh ty x;k vk,j va/dkj Hh Hhrj jgk4 Fks\Lh nsj gh lgh4 rks fGj nh;k Hh va/dkj dks
feIk ugC ikrk4?Iuk Sslh g, fd nh;s dk tyuk vk,j va/dkj dk tkuk Sd gh ?Iuk ds nks igyw gT4 Sd lkF ?Irk
g,4 ;qxir4 tjk Hh Gklyk ugC g,4 bap Hj dk Gklyk Hh3eqfædy [\Lh gks tkSxh4 fGj igsyh gy u gks ikSxh4
vxj va/sjk igys pyk tkS rks nh;s dh dksB tWjr ugC4 vxj nh;k tys vk,j va/sjk Sd {< Hh Hhrj jg tkS] rks
nh;k fGtwy] uiqald2 mldk dksB ew¥; gh ugC4dc tkrk g, va/sjk` dc vkrk g, izdk'`3Sd lkF
vxj vk,j Hh Ohd ls le>uk gks] rks ;g dguk Hh mfpr ugC g, fd ;s nks ?IukSa gT4 nh;s dk tyuk vk,j va/sjs dk
tkuk Sd gh ckr dks dgus ds nks Pax gT4 pkgks] dgks va/sjk pyk x;k6 pkgks] dgks nh;k ty x;k6 Sd gh ckr g,4 ;s
nks ckrX ugC gT4 ysfdu Hk"k eX nks gks tkrh gT4 D;kXfd Hk"k },r ij [\Lh g,4 og tks Hk"k dh Fwuh g,] og nks ij [\Lh
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djksxs` vxj rqe vdsys gksrs i1ƒoh ij rks dksB Hk"k i,nk gksrh` fdlfyS i,nk gksrh`Hk"k rks rc i,nk gksrh g,] tc
nwljk gks4 nwljs ds fyS Hk"k g,4 nwljs ls cksyrs gks4 vk,j vxj rqe dHh vdsys eX Hh cksyrs gks] rks Hh rqe nwljs dh
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;k fjglZy dj jgs gks] dy fdlh ls ckr djuh g, mldks4ysfdu nwljk lnk ek,twn g,6 pkgs d¥iuk eX gh D;kX u gks4
nks ds fcuk Hk"k ugC g,4 lc Hk"k },r g,4 blfyS Hk"k tc Hh fdlh pht dks izdI djrh g,] rHh v},r IwI tkrk
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dh xyrh g,4 os nks ugC gT] blfyS d,ls dgX fd Sd lkF ?Irk g,` og Sd gh g,4 nks dh rjg ekywe i\Lrk g,4
8dw\L diI dk;k dk fud¬;k] gfj dh xfr tc tkuh4 vka/h ihNs tks ty cw\Pk] izse gjh tu Hhuk4 dg, dchj
vka/h ds ihNs tks ty dh o"kZ gqB ~ ~ ~Kku lc dqN ugC g,4 Kku rks flGZ vka/h g,4 iafLr ds fyS Kku lc dqN gks
tkrk g,4 ysfdu vlyh Kku rks flGZ 'qQvkr g,] flGZ izkjaH g,4vka/h vk xB] vka/h Fks\Ls gh lc dqN g,2 og rks
vkusokyh ty7o1f‘I dh lwpuk g,4 og rks flGZ [cj g, fd [kyh djks txg6 fd r,;kj gks tkvks3fd cuks 'wü;]
vk,j ckny cjlus dks g,4rks Kku rks vka/h g,] vk,j ve1r vkuan dh o"kZ4 8vka/h ihNs tks ty cw\Pk] izse gjh tu
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ihNs c,Odj jksrs gT4 D;kXfd mudk ?j fxj x;k4 mudk lc [ks x;k4 os cjckn gks xS4 mudk fnokyk fudy
x;k4tc Hh ukle> dk vgadkj IwIrk g,] rks og jksrk g, vk,j tc Kkuh dk vgadkj IwIrk g,] rks og ukprk g,4
D;kXfd og dgrk g, fd ;gh rks Sd mi–o Fk] tks lekîr gqvk4 tc vKkuh dk 'jhj NwIrk g, rks og
ph[rk7fp¥ykrk g,4 Kkuh dk 'jhj NwIrk g, rks og ijek®ek dks /ü;okn dgrk g,] fd Fks\Lh lh ck/k Fh] og Hh
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8dg, dchj Hku ds izdIs] mfnr H;k re [huk48 vk,j tc Hku mxk] Hhrj dk lwjt mxk] rc va/dkj {h< gks x;k4
lnk ds fyS {h< gks x;k4ckgj dk lwjt mxrk g,] va/dkj {h< gksrk g,3lnk ds fyS ugC4 fGj jkr vk tkrh g,4
nh;k tykvks] va/dkj ckgj tkrk g,] dc rd` Fks\Lh nsj eX rsy pqd tkSxk] ckrh cq> tkSxh] va/dkj fGj Hhrj
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dqN Hh ugC djuk i\Lrk4 fcuk nh;s ds pyrk g,] fcuk rsy ds tyrk g,4 nh;s dks tykvks3rsy ykvks] ckrh ykvks]
gtkj mi–o gT4 fGj Hh {< Hj tyrk g,] fGj cq> tkrk g,4ckgj va/dkj 'kæor g,] izdk' {f<d g,4 Hhrj blls
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Hhrj dk izdk' Hh rsy vk,j ckrh ij fuHZj gksrk] rks fGj vk®ek dks ik7ik dj [ksuk i\Lrk4 ijek®ek ls fey7fey
dj IwIuk i\Lrk4 igqap7igqap dj ekxZ [ks tkrk g,4 eafty vk7vk dj HId tkrh4 cgqr mi–o gks tkrk4og tks
Hhrj dk izdk' g,] og tyrk g, fcu ckrh fcu rsy4 Sd ckj mldh izrhfr gks tkS3og ty gh jgk g,4 vHh Hh
rqégkjs Hhrj ty jgk g,4 og dHh cq>rk gh ugC4 mls tykuk ugC g,] flGZ vka[ eks\Luh g,4 flGZ utj Lkyuh g,4
flGZ igpkuuk g,48dg, dchj Hku ds izdIs83vk,j tc Hhrj dk Hku] Hhrj dk lwjt izdI gksrk g,68mfnr H;k re
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dks] [kyh gksus dks rks fGj rqégX Hjrh g,4tks [kyh gksus ls gh Lj x;k] mlds thou eX nwljk pj< ugC ?I ikrk4 rks
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geus ugC ns[k4 vk,j ehjk ds thou eX tks 'kafr dh lqxa/ g,] og rks dkeokluk ls d,ls mOsxh` tks
vkuan dk vgksHko g,3mlds pkjkX rjG t,ls eafnj py jgk g,] Sd ifo_rk g,4 Sd vyk,fdd 'qf0] Sd
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fd rqégkjk Ôn; mügX le>us dh ps'Ik djs4 o¬rqSa ef¬r'd ls le>h tkrh gT] ø;fDr Ôn; ls4 vk,j Kkuh rks
ø;fDr(r)o dh ije xfjek g,4 og rks xk,jh 'adj g,] og rks vkf[jh f'[j g,4 mls le>us ds fyS rks rqégX cgqr
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c,Ok gh Fk] fd nwljk vkneh vk;k4 Vj>kB us mlls Hh dgk] fd 8eTus lquk g,] rqégkjs xkao eX Sd pksj g,] csBeku g,]
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Lkyrh4 pksjh dh dksB v\Lpu ugC g, ckalqjh eX4 mlls dksB iz;kstu Hh ugC g,4ysfdu ;s nks vkneh gT4 Sd vkneh
blfyS ugC eku ldrk fd og vpNk ckalqjhoknd g,] D;kXfd pksj g,4 vk,j Sd vkneh blfyS ugC eku ldrk fd
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tkvks] rks iz!#@k;L dh cqf0 ysdj er tkuk6 vü;Fk yxsxk fd ;s ehjk ekufld jksx ls xz¬r g,4 egkohj ds ikl
tkvks] rks euksfoæys"< djus er tkuk6 ugC rks yxsxk ;g vkneh u˜u [\Lk g,] SfD>fc'fu¬I g,4 iqfyl dks [cj
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egkohj ds ikl eukso,Kkfud dh rjg er tkuk4 D;kXfd rqe rc tk gh u ldksxs4 ;s bruh efgek7eafLr f¬Ffr;ka gT]
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vlaHo ?Irk g, Kkuh eX4 tks ugC ?Iuk pkfgS] og ?Irk g,4 rqégX Hjkslk ugC vkrk] Sslh ?Iuk ?Irh g,4 D;kXfd
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vlaHo dgrs gks4 ftlls rqégX cpuk g,] mls rqe dfOu dgrs gks4 ftl rjG rqégX tkuk gh ugC] ml rjG rqe dgrs
gks] ;g gksus okyk gh ugC6 ;g cgqr eqfædy g,4 ;g vius o' ds ckgj g,4 tks o' ds Hhrj g,] ogh ge djX4;g rks
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gh gks vk,j iki dj jgs gks4 vk,j vk/k le; rks rqeus iki eX fcrk fn;k] vc vk/k rqe dkIus eX fcrkvksxs]
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;k cz‰pkjh gks tkvks4 fookg djks] rks Hh nq[ ikvksxs4 tkdj fookfgr yksxkX dks ns[ yks4 lHh fookfgr yksx lksprs
gT fd cz‰pkjh gh jg xS gksrs rks vpNk Fk4 Sslk fookfgr vkneh rqégX u feysxk [kstus ls] ftlds eu eX dB ckj
;g [;ky u mOk gks fd vfookfgr gh jg xS gksrs rks vpNk Fk4nq[ ikvksxs4 djoI pqu yh4fGj cz‰pkjh gT4 rqe
;g er le>uk fd os lq[h gT4 os nq[h gT] D;kXfd dkeokluk mügX lrk jgh gT4 fookg ugC fd;k] blls D;k gksrk
g,` lius eX lrkrh g,] eu eX ?werh g,] pkjkX rjG ls xzlrh g,4 fookfgr ø;fDr ls Hh †;knk dkekrqj gks tkrk g,
cz‰pkjh dk eu4 D;kXfd fookfgr dks rks Fks\Lk lk fudkl g,4 cz‰pkjh dks rks dksB fudkl u jgk4vk,j dkeokluk
dksB Mij ls Fksih xB pht ugC g, fd rqeus fG¥ekX eX ns[dj lh[ yh g,] t,ls nwljs rqégkjs ew\P lk/q7laü;klh le>rs
jgrs gT fd yksx dkekrqj gqS tk jgs gT` rks tkuoj Hh fG¥e ns[ jgs gT` os dkgs dks dkekrqj gqS tk jgs gT` fd yksx
dkeqd gks xS gT] D;kXfd xyr lkfg(r); i\P jgs gT4 o1{ Hh dkekrqj gT6 ugC rks !#@u yxXxs] !#@u yxXxs4 i{h
Hh dkekrqj gT4 og tks dks;y cksy jgh g,] og dke dk xhr g,4 tks eksj ukp jgk g,] og dke dk u1(r); g,4 mügkXus
dk,u lk væyhy lkfg(r); i\Pk g,`dkeokluk u,lvxd g,4 blfyS rqe mls] flGZ fu<Z; dj ysus ls fd ge
fookg u djXxs] cp ugC ldrs4 blfyS cz‰pkjh vk,j Hh xzlrk g,] vk,j Hh cqjh rjg Galrk g, 4 vk,j rqe Sslk
cz‰pkjh u ikvksxs] ftlds eu eX ;g [;ky u vkrk gks fd fookg gh dj fy;k gksrk rks vpNk Fk4;g c\Lh eqfædy
djds gh Galuk4vxj nks gh fod¥i gT rks eT dgrk gwa] fookg djds gh Galuk4vxj nks gh fod¥i gT2 ;|fi og esjh
ekü;rk ugC4 rhljk fod¥i eT rqels dgwaxk4 ysfdu vxj Sslk gks fd nks gh fod¥i lw>rs gkX] rks dj ds iNrkuk
csgrj g,] ctk; u djds iNrkus ds4 D;kX` D;kXfd djds vkneh dqN lh[rk g,4 u dj ds dqN Hh ugC lh[rk4 rks
fookfgr vkneh fdlh u fdlh fnu cz‰p;Z dks miyç/ gks ldrk g, Mc dj] Fddj] mi-o ls ijs'ku gksdj]
ns[dj] thou dh f¬Ffr dks le>dj izk,\P gks ldrk g,4ysfdu tks cz‰pkjh jg x;k g, igys ls] og dHh cz‰p;Z
dks miyç/ u gks ikSxk4 mlds eu eX nfer okluk viuk tky G,ykrh jgsxh4 blfyS eT ns[rk gwa fd vxj vkneh
Ohd ls x1g¬F jgk gks] rks ipkl lky ds djhc vkrs7vkrs vius vki gh Sd lgt cz‰p;Z i,nk gksuk 'qW gks tkrk
g,4blfyS VgnqvkX us3tks fd lalkj eX cgqr gh †;knk fulxZ ds vuqdwy /eZ g,4 mlls †;knk fulxZ ds vuqdwy dksB
/eZ ugC g,4 egkohj vk,j cq0 dk /eZ fulxZ ds vuqdwy ugC ekywe i\Lrk4 ysfdu Vgnw cgqr fulxZ ds vuqdwy gT4
'k;n bldk dkj< g, fd Vgnw bruh iqjkuh tkfr g,] vk,j blus brus vuqHo fyS gT gtkjkX izdkj ds] og mu lc dk
fupks\L g,4rks Vgnw dgrs gT ipphl o"Z rd] 'qW ds izFe pj< eX thou ds fo|ktZu djuk] rc cz‰p;Z dks lk/uk4
ysfdu og cz‰p;Z
v¬Fk;h g,4 og dksB thou dk ozr ugC g,4 og rks flGZ fo|k7vtZu ds fyS lk/k tk jgk g,6 rkfd lkjh MtkZ
fo|k7vtZu eX yx tkS4 og dksB ozr ugC g,] vk(r);afrd ugC g,4 cf¥d c\Ls ets dh ckr g,6 Vgnw dgrs gT vxj
og cz‰p;Z Ohd lk/k x;k] rks mlds ckn vkus okyk tks pj< g, x1g¬F dk] og cgqr lq[iw<Z gks tkSxk4vkt
o,Kkfud Hh bl ckr ls jkth gT fd ftu yksxkX us Hh viuh oh;Z MtkZ dks [ks fn;k g, fookg ds iwoZ] mudk fookg
dHh Hh lq[h u gks ikSxk] D;kXfd lq[ dh laHkouk rHh Fh] tc os MtkZ ls Hjs gkX] ifjiw<Z Hjs gkX] ck\P gks] rks
dke dk Ohd7Ohd vuqHo gks tkrk4 vk,j ftl pht dk Ohd vuqHo gks tkrk g,] mlls eqfDr gks ldrh g,4 eqfDr
fcuk vuqHo ds gksrh gh ugC4rks ipphl o"Z rd] igys thou ds pj< eX cz‰p;Z vk,j fGj ipphl o"Z cz‰p;Z ds
ckn x1g¬F4 MtkZ bd!^#h g,] ipphl o"Z cka/dj j[k g,4 la;fer jgk g, ø;fDr4 Sd rst g,] Sd 'fDr g,4 vc
og x1g¬F eX xqtjsxk4 bl MtkZ ls xqtjsxk fd vuqHo izxk\P gks tkS4 Vgnw dgrs gT] ipphl o"Z rd x1g¬F4ipkl
o"Z eX fGj okuiz¬F gks tkS4 vc vuqHo gks x;k4 tku fy;k] tks tkuuk Fk vk,j igpku fy;k] tks igpkuuk Fk4
vc lius ugC lrk ldrs4 D;kXfd lius rHh rd lrkrs gT] tc rd vuqHo u gks4 ns[ fy;k thou dks4 mldk jl
igpku fy;k4 vk,j ns[ fy;k fd jl eX Hh dqN g, ugC3[kyh g,] Mij7Mij g,] Hhrj fjDr g,4 bl vuqHwfr ls
vkneh okuiz¬F gks tkS4 okuiz¬F dk vFZ g,] vHh taxy u tkS] taxy dh rjG eqag gks tkS4 vHh igqap uk tkS
taxy Sdne ls] D;kXfd Vgnw c\Ls u,lvxd Pax ls pyuk pkgrs gT4 os dgrs gT] vHh eqag taxy dh rjG dj ys4
c,Os nqdku ij] ysfdu eqag taxy dh rjG4 dke djs] ysfdu eqag taxy dh rjG4mldk dkj< g,4 ipphl o"Z ds
ckn mlds vius cpps vc ?j yk,Ius ds djhc gksrs gkXxs4 ipphl o"Z og [qn cz‰pkjh Fk] fGj ipphl o"Z tc
og x1g¬F jgk] mlds cpps i,nk gqS] cpps xqQdqy xS4 vc os xqQdqy ls ?j vkrs gkXxs4 vHh cki vxj ?j Nks\L
gks tkSxk4 cppkX dks dk,u légkysxk`cpps ?j yk,Irs gkXxs4 vc os r,;kj gks xS gT] muds fookg djus gT] mudks
?j7x1g¬Fh tekuh g,] mudks thou eX mrkj nsuk g,4 rks blfyS okuiz¬F gks tkS4 eu rks gIk ys] 'jhj Hj jgus ns4
eu rks iwtk eX yx tkS] ¬ej< eX yx tkS] 'jhj ?j eX cuk jgs4 eu taxy pyk tkS4;g okuiz¬F 'çn c\Lk î;kjk
g,4 eu ls rks iz¬Fku gks gh x;k] taxy tk pqds4 eu rks taxy eX jeus yxk4 ysfdu vHh ?j Qds gT] drZø; iwjk dj
nsuk g,4 cpps ?j yk,I vkS] mudk fookg gks x;k4ipgRj o"Z dh mez eX vkneh laü;klh gks tkS4 D;kXfd vc rks
cppkX ds okuiz¬F gksus dk oDr vk x;k4 vk,j VgnqvkX dh ø;o¬Fk ;g Fh fd tc cpps ?j vk tkSa rks fGj firk ds
cpps i,nk ugC gksus pkfgS4 og v'ksHu g,4;g eq>s Hh yxrk g, fd ;g ckr v'ksHu g,4 tc cpps dks cpps i,nk
mruh gh xzafF;ka cukB gT vkalqvkX dh] ftruh f¬_;kX dh vka[kX eX4 rks ijek(r)ek us c\Lh Hwy dh2 enZ dh vka[ eX
vkalw dh xzaFh cukB gh D;kX] vxj enZ dks jksuk gh ugC g,` ysfdu rqe jksus dks Hh jksd jgs gks] D;kXfd enZ d,ls jks
ldrk g,`¬_h izkÎfrd g,4 Fks\Lh djhc g, izÎfr ds4 vk,j †;knk ck,f}d ugC g,4 blfyS cgqr fl0kar vk,j 'k¬_
mldks ijs'ku ugC djrs4 og th ysrh g,4 vk,j f¬_;ka t¥nh eqDr gks tkrh gT4;g esjs vuqHo eX vk;k fd esjs ikl
ifr geX ?lhI jgk g,4 ysfdu Ssls iqQ" dHh eqfædy ls vkrs gT] tks dgrs gT] ge dkeokluk ls Fd xS gT vk,j
i(r)uh geX ?lhI jgh g,4 vxj fuü;kucs f¬_;ka vkrh gT Sslk dgus] rks Sd iqQ" vkrk g,A ;g vuqikr g,4blds ihNs
dqN dkj< gksxk4 iqQ" †;knk l?; gks x;k g,] ck,f0d gks x;k g,] f'f{r gks x;k g,] lkekftd gks x;k g,] izkÎfrd
ugC jg x;k g,4rks eT rqels dgrk gwa]38djX rks eqfædy] u djX rks eqfædy83 vxj Sslk loky gks] vk,j rqégX nks gh
fod¥i fn[kB i\LX] rks djuk vk,j eqfædy Hksxuk4 u7djus okyh eqfædy ls djus okyh eqfædy csgrj g,4 MaI dks
mlh djoI fcOkuk4 D;kXfd ftlus fd;k gh ugC] og ges'k vIdk jg tkrk g,4 vk,j ges'k eu eX yxk jgrk g,
vxj dj ysrs3irk ugC dj ysrs rks fdruk lq[ feyrk2eq>s laü;klh vkdj dgrs gT6 Sd t,u eqfu us eq>ls dgk]
fd ipkl lky gks xS gT eqfu gqS] chl lky ds Fs] rc mügkXus nh{k yh4 vc rks lRj lky ds Mij mez gks xB4
mügkXus eq>s dgk] ysfdu vHh esjs eu eX ;g loky cuk jgrk g, fd dgC eTus Hwy rks ugC dh2 dgC Sslk rks ugC g,]
lkalkfjd yksx etk ys jgs gT vk,j eT ukgd gh ijs'ku gqvk2vk,j ;g ¬okHkfod g,4 D;kXfd vkuan rks dqN feyk ugC
g,4 flGZ ijs'kuh feyh4 rqe laü;klh dh ijs'kuh le> gh ugC ldrs4rqeus dHh miokl fd;k g,` Sd rhu fnu
miokl djds ns[ks2 rks Hkstu gh Hkstu dh ;kn vkSxh4 pkgs eafnj tkvks] ef¬tn tkvks] js¬_ka gh fn[kB i\Lsxk4
pkgs xhrk [ksyks] pkgs dqjku] Hkstu gh r,jrs gqS fn[kB i\LXxs4 iwv<ek dh jkr vkdk' eX ns[ks] yxsxk lGsn jksIh
r,j jgh g,4 tgka ns[ksxs] ogka Hkstu fn[kB i\Lsxk4ogh n'k rqégkjs laü;kfl;kX dh gks tkrh g,4 tgka ns[rs gT ogC
dkeokluk] ogC dkeokluk fn[kB i\Lrh g,4 le>krs gT pk,chl ?aIs mlh ds foijhr4 og Hh blhfyS le>krs gT~ ~
~ rqe ;g er le>uk fd rqégX le>krs gT] tksj7tksj ls cksydj vius dks gh le>krs gT fd c\Lk iki g,4 bleX i\Luk
gh er4 nwljkX ds cgkus vius dks gh le>krs gT4 ysfdu eqDr ugC gks ikrs4
eqfDr dk Sd gh ekxZ g,6 og g, A vuqHo] Kku4rks vxj rqégX pquuk gh i\Ls rks djds eqfædy Hksxuk4 eqfædy rqe
Hksxksxs4 ;g eT ugC dg jgk gwa fd djus ls rqégX eqfædy ugC gksxh4 djus ls Hh gksxh] u7djus ls Hh gksxh4 ysfdu
djus okyh eqfædy ls dqN ykH g,3Kku miyç/ gksrk g,4 u7djus okyh eqfædy ls dqN miyç/ ugC gksrk 4 og
eqfædy uiqald g,] cka> g,] mlls dqN i,nk ugC gksrk4ysfdu vxj rqégX esjh ckr le> eX vk tkS] rks eT rqels
dgrk gwa nks eX pquus dh dqN tWjr gh ugC g,4 rqe lk{hHko pquuk4 og rhljk fod¥i g,4dkeokluk mOs] rqe
ns[rs jguk4 dkeokluk mOsxh] lkF gh nks fopkj Hh mOXxs7Hksx yX] u HksxX6 rqe nksukX dks ns[rs jguk4 rqe pquuk gh
er4 MaI dks c,Ous gh er nsuk] [\Lk gh j[uk4mlh dks gks' dgk g, Kkfu;kX us] lk{hHko dgk g,4 MaI [\Lk gh jgs4
MaI dh c\Lh bpNk gksxh4 MaI dgsxk] Ssls ugC rks Ssls c,O tkSa4 c,Ouk lqxe ekywe i\Lrk g,4 ysfdu rqe MaI ls
dguk] fd geus [\Lk gksuk gh r; fd;k g,4 ge e÷; eX gh [\Ls jgXxs4 ge pquXxs gh ugC4bldks Î'<ewvr
pokblyslusl dgrs gT3fuvod¥iuk4 blh fuvod¥iuk dks lk/rs7lk/rs] ftldks iratfy us dgk g,]
fuvod¥i lekf/] og miyç/ gksrh g,4pksjh djuk fd ugC djuk3nksukX dks rqe ns[rs jguk4 u bldks pquuk] u
mldks pquuk4 fookg djuk fd cz‰pkjh jguk3u bldks pquuk] u mldks pquuk4 rqe nksukX dks ns[rs jguk4 rqe
dguk] eT rks -'Ik ek_ gwa] eT flGZ!#@Z ns[waxk4 eT drkZ ugC cuwaxk] eT pquwaxk ugC4 eu eX mOus nsuk ygjX4 lc rjg
dh mOXxh] rqe ns[rs jguk4 vxj rqeus fgéer j[h ns[rs jgus dh vk,j MaI dks [\Lk j[k] rks /hjs7/hjs ikvksxs]
lkxj 'kar gks tkrk g,4 nksukX gh ygjX [ks tkrh gT4 dksB Hh fod¥i pquuk ugC i\Lrk4vk,j ml fuvod¥i n'k eX gh
gT4 ml fuvod¥i dks gh pquks4 vxj pquuk gh g, rks 8u7pquus8 dks pquks4
vxj ;g rqégkjh le> ds ckgj gks] rks djus dks pquuk4ysfdu fuvod¥i dks vxj pqu ldks3fuvod¥i dks
pquus dk eryc g, dqN Hh u pquuk6 rc rqe thou ls Ssls xqtj tkvksxs t,lk dchj us dgk g,]38†;kX fd (r);kX
/j nhügC pnfj;k4[wc tru ls vks\Ph pnfj;k] †;kX dh (r);kX /j nhügC48;g tru~ ~ ~ MaI [\Lk gh jgk4 c,Ok gh
ugC4 gks' j[k] pknj [jkc u gks tkS4 Sslh] t,lh ikB Fh] o,lh gh ijek(r)ek dks yk,Ik nh4vxj rqe nks fod¥ikX
ds chp fuvod¥i jg ldks] rks rqégkjs thou eX ije lw_ dk vkfoHkZo gks x;k4 ogh g, dqath mlds }kj dh4vkt
bruk gh4
l_goka izopu
vo/w esjk eu efrokjk4muefu p\Pk xxu7jl iho,] f_Hqou H;k mft;kjk44 xq\L dfj ≈;ku ÷;ku dfj egqvk] o
HkOh dfj Hkjk4 lq[eu ukjh lgt lekuh] iho, ihou gkjk44 nksm iq\L tksf\L VpxkB HkOh] pq;k egkjl Hkjh4 dke
∂ks/ nksb fd;k cyhrk] NwfI xB lalkjh44 lqafu eaLy eX eanyk ckt,] rfg esjk eu ukp,4 xqQ izlkfn ve1r Gy
iwjk fe¥;k rc, lq[ mi†;k,] ru dh rifu cq>kuh4 dg, dchj Ho7ca/u NwI,] tksfrVg tksfr lekuh44
mifu"nkX eX Sd opu g, A 8mfR‘O] tkxzr] izkî;ojkfUcks/r48 mOks] tkxks vk,j tks feyk gh gqvk g,] mls ik yks43tks
feyk gh gqvk g,4 ftls rqe [kstrs gks] mls vxj rqeus [ks fn;k gksrk rks mls ikus dk dksB mik; u Fk4 bl fojkI
vf¬r®o eX [ksS dks [kst ysus dk dksB mik; ugC4 rqe [qn brus NksIs gks] vk,j rqeus vxj viuk vkuan [ks fn;k]
vk®ek [ks nh rks rqe bl fojkI vf¬r®o eX mls dgka [kstksxs` vlaHo4 rqe vius dks [kst gh u ikvksxs] vxj [ks
pqds gks4 fGj [kstsxk dk,u` vxj rqe [ks gh pqds gks] rks [kstus okyk Hh rks cpsxk ugC4blfyS mifu"n dgrs gT]
mls ik yks] tks ik;k gh gqvk g,4 rqe flGZ Hwy xS gks4 fo¬ej< ls †;knk vk,j dksB c\Lh nq?ZIuk ugC ?I xB g,4
[ks;k ugC g,] ¬e1fr [ks xB g,4 g, ek,twn] lks xS gks4 uCn yx xB g,4 vka[ >id xB g,4vk,j rc rqe tks Hh djksxs
bl >idh gqB vka[ dh n'k eX] og lc fo¬e1fr dks ?uk djsxk4 ftruk gh rqe nk,\Lksxs] [kstksxs mruk gh yxsxk fd
ikuk eqfædy g,4 mruh gh ;k_k vlaHo izrhr gksxh4nk,\Lus ls ugC feysxk og] tks rqégkjs Hhrj fNik g,4 nk,\Lus ls rks
mldk feyuk gks ldrk g,] tks rqégkjs ckgj g,] nwj g,4 tks ikl gh g,] mls nk,\Ldj dgC dksB ik ldsxk` mls ikuk g,]
rks Hhrj ikuk g,4Hhrj ikus dk vFZ g, Qd tkuk] nk,\Luk ugC6 Ogj tkuk4 foJke ds {< eX feysxk og4 fojke ds
{< eX feysxk og4 'kafr ds {< eX feysxk4 Hkx7nk,\L] vkik7/kih eX rks rqe mls vk,j [ksrs pys tkvksxs4vk,j
ftruk gh rqe tky cqurs gks [kstus dk] vkf[j eX ikrs gks] ogh tky xys dh Gkalh gks x;k4 Sslh g, n'k rqégkjh]
t,ls ed\Lh
us tky cquk gks vk,j [qn gh Gal xB gks vk,j vc r\LGrh gks vk,j fudyuk pkgrh gks4 vk,j fudy u ikrh gks4 vk,j
viuk gh cquk tky g,4tüekX7tüekX eX rqe tks [kst jgs gks] mlds dkj< gh rqeus vius pkjkX rjG Sd tky cqu fy;k
g, jk¬rkX dk] fof/;kX dk] ekxk˜ dk] f∂;kdkaLkX dk] /ek˜ dk] 'k¬_kX dk] fl0karkX dk4 vc ml tky eX rqe Gals gks4
vc ml tky ls fudyuk eqfædy ekywe i\Lrk g,4ysfdu Sd ckr ¬ej< vk tkS fd rqégkjk gh cquk gqvk g,] fd
rqe ckgj fudy xS4 fGj fudyus dks dqN djuk ugC i\Lrk4 rqe Gals Fs] og Hh Hzkafr Fh4 bl Galko dks Ohd ls
le> yks4 D;kXfd lkjs mi–o dh t\L ogka g,4 vk,j lkjk foKku Hh mlh ds le>us eX fNik g,4tktZ xqjftSG vius
f'‘;kX dks dgrk Fk] vxj rqe Sd ckr le> yks] rks lc le> eX vk tkS4 ml ckr dks og dgrk Fk
vk;LXfIfGds'u] rknk®é;4 vxj rqe ;g le> yks fd d,ls rqe mlls Sd gks xS gks] tks rqe ugC gks] rks rqégX ekxZ
fey tkS og gksus dk] tks rqe gks4vk,j Sslk jkst gks jgk g,] Sslk izfriy gks jgk g,] fd rqe mlds lkF vius dks tks\L
gks4 vk,j blfyS mldh fo¬e1fr gks xB g,] tks rqe lnk ls gks4Sd vkneh dks eT tkurk gwa4 og jkeyhyk eX jko< dk
vfHu; fd;k djrk Fk4 gj o"Z xkao eX jkeyhyk gksrh rks ogka vfHu; djrk4 vklikl ds xkao eX gksrh rks ogka
vfHu; djrk4 /hjs7/hjs ml vkneh ds psgjs eX jko< dk Hko vk x;k Fk4 tc jkeyhyk u Hh pyrh rc Hh rqe
mls jk¬rs ij pyrs ns[rs rks rqégX jko< dh ;kn vk tkrh4fGj rks Sd c\Lh vthc ?Iuk ?Ih fd og /hjs7/hjs jko<
ds lkF bruk Sdk®e gks x;k] fd Sd ckj jkeyhyk eX mlus mi–o [\Lk dj fn;k4 jkeyhyk 'qW gksrh g,] lc
jkts7egkjkts ¬o;aoj eX bdØs gks xS gT [cj vkrh g, fd jko< dh yadk eX vkx yxh g,] mls tkuk pkfgS4 og pyk
tkS] rks jke /uq" dks rks\L yX vk,j lhrk ls fookg gks tkS4
gj ckj og pyk tkrk Fk4 Fks\Lk gks' jgk gksxk fd ;g vfHu; g,4 ysfdu Sd o"Z og Hwy gh x;k fcydqy4 mlus
[\Ls gksdj tksj ls dgk] fd yxh jgus nks vkx4 >iI dj mOk fy;k /uq"7ck<4 /uq"7ck< dksB jkeyhyk dk
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x;k gwa müeu eX4 ogka igqap x;k gwa] tgka eu ugC g,4 ogka p\P x;k] tgka eu ugC4rqégkjs Hhrj og txg g,] tgka eu
ugC g,4 vk,j ogC rqe gks4 tgka rd eu g,] ogka rd lalkj g,4 tgka rd eu g,] ogka rd ckgj7ckgj4 tgka eu lekîr
gksrk g,] ogC Hhrj dh 'qQvkr g,4 ogC ls var;kZ_k 'qW gksrh g,4eu ;kuh ckgj] müeu ;kuh Hhrj4Fks\Lk lkspks] tc
rd rqégkjs eu eX fopkj pyrk g,] rc rd rqe ckgj gh jgksxs4 D;kXfd lc fopkj ckgj ds gT4 Hhrj dk dksB fopkj
gh ugC gksrk4esjs ikl yksx vkrs gT4 os dgrs gT] ge ÷;ku djrs gT] ge vk®ek dk fopkj djrs gT4 eT muls dgrk gwa]
vk®ek dk fopkj d,ls djksxs` vk®ek dk vuqHo gksrk g,6 fopkj d,ls djksxs` vxj fopkj djksxs rks mldk vk®ek ls
dksB laca/ gh u jgk4 'k¬_ eX i\P fy;k gksxk fl0kar] fd vk®ek D;k g,4 fGj mldk rqe fopkj dj ldrs gks4 og
Ho7ca/u NwI,] tksfrfg tksfr lekuh4488iwjk fe¥;k rc, lq[ mi†;k,83vk/k7vk/k feyus ls lq[ ugC mitrk] nq[
vk,j c\Prk g,4euf¬on dgrs gT] fd ftruk feyrk g,] mruk nq[ c\Prk g,4 D;kXfd mrus gh iwjs feyus dh vk'k c\Prh
g,4 rqeus 8fuü;kucs dk pDdj83;s 'çn lqus gT4 bldk eryc ;g gksrk g, fd ftlds ikl fuü;kucs gkX] og lk, dh
dksf'' eX yx tkrk g,4 D;kXfd tc rd lk, u gks tkSa] og [Idrh g, deh4 fuü;kucs gT] vk,j Sd de g,] rc rd
lq[ ugC ekywe i\Lrk4 ysfdu og pDdj Sslk g, fd t,ls gh lk, gks tkrs gT] o,ls gh Sd lk, Sd gks tkSa] Sd lk, nks
gks tkSa3pDdj pyrk gh pyk tkrk g,4bl lalkj eX rks iwjk dHh gks gh ugC ldrk] blfyS bl lalkj eX dHh dksB
lq[h gks ugC ldrk4 lq[ dh vk'k djks] ysfdu miyfç/ dHh ugC gksxh4 bl lalkj eX dqN Hh dHh
iwjk ugC gksrk4 dqN u dqN ckdh jgrk g,4 dqN u dqN ckdh jgrk g, vk,j ftruk †;knk ckdh jgrk ekywe gksrk g,]
mruh ih\Lk c\Prh tkrh g,4vc ;g c\Ls ets dh ckr g,4 xjhc vkneh mruk ijs'ku ugC gksrk] D;kXfd mlds ikl Sd
Qi;k Hh ugC g,4 fuü;kucs ftlds ikl gT] og †;knk ijs'ku gksrk g,4 D;k ekeyk g,` ekeyk ;g g, fd xjhc dks
vHh eg®okdka{k gh ugC txrh iwjk djus dh4 tjk Hh ugC g, ikl eX] iwjk D;k djuk` tjk lk Hh Iqd\Lk ugC feyk
g,] iwjs dh okluk d,ls txs` rks xjhc dks tks feyrk g,] Ohd g,4eTus lquk g,] Sd lezkI dk Sd ukB Fk4 og c\Lk
izlU Fk4 lezkI Hh B‘;kZ djrk Fk mlls4 fd og c\Lk e¬r vkneh Fk4 lezkI dh ekfy' djrk] nk\Ph cukrk]
gtker cukrk] xhr xquxqukrk jgrk] xi'i djrk jgrk4 ges'k izlU Fk4Sd fnu mnkl gks x;k4 fGj mldh mnklh
c\Prh xB4 lezkI us iwNk] D;k ekeyk g,` mlus dgk] esjh ru“okg c\Lk nX4 ru“okg nqxquh dj nh xB4 lezkI
mldks izse djrk Fk4 ysfdu dqN gy u gqvk4 ru“okg frxuh dj nh xB] dqN gy u gqvk4 og vk,j Hh lw[rk
x;k] vk,j nqcyk gks x;k2vkf[j Sd fnu lezkI us dgk] 8lqu2 rw taxy rks ugC x;k Fk`8mlus dgk] 8eT x;k Fk488rw
Sd ihiy o1{ ds uhps rks ugC Fk] tgka fdlh us vkokt nh gks fd ys] ;g /u vius lkF ys tk`8mlus dgk] 8vjs2
vkidks irk d,ls pyk`8mlus dgk] 8rw og eIdk okil yk,Ik ns4 mlh ds pDdj eX rw i\Lk g,4 Sd nGs eT Hh mlh
pDdj eX i\L pqdk gwa4 og ihiy ds o1{ eX Sd ;{ jgrk g,4 vk,j mlds ikl Sd eIdk g,] ftleX fuü;kucs QiS
gT4 vk,j tks Hh ogka ls fudyrk g,] og yksxkX ls dgrk g, fd ys tkvks4 ;g eIdk ys tkvks48vk,j tks Hh ys tkrk g,]
og eqfædy eX i\L tkrk g,4 D;kXfd tc og ?j tkdj fxurk g, fuü;kucs] rks lk, djus dh
okluk i,nk gksrh g,4Sslk vkneh [kstuk eqfædy g, ftlds ikl fuü;kucs gkX] vk,j lk, djus dh okluk i,nk u gks4og
o,lk gh ¬okHkfod g,] t,ls rqégkjk nkar IwI tkrk g, rks thH ogC7ogC tkrh g,4 igys dHh ugC tkrh Fh2 o"k˜ rd og
nkar ogka Fk] rqeus dHh Vprk u dh] u thH us mldh [kst [cj yh4 vkt nkar IwI x;k4 mOrs] c,Ors] lksrs] tkxrs
thH ogC7ogC tkrh g,4 og txg [kyh gks xB4 og [kyh txg dks Hjus dk eu gksrk g,4os tks fuü;kucs QiS gT]
[rjukd gT4 ml jktk us dgk] 8rw tk okil vk,j eIdk yk,Ikdj vk4 eT Hh ml >a>I eX i\L pqdk Fk4 vk,j c\Lh esjh
tku eqlhcr eX i\L xB Fh48D;kXfd ftl fnu ls og eIdk ml ukB dks fey x;k] og eqfædy eX i\L x;k4 mls Sd
Qi;k jkst feyrk Fk jktk ls4 mlus lkspk] dy miokl gh dj yX4 Sd fnu dh gh rks ckr g,4 Sd Qi;k Lky nXxs]
lk, gks tkSaxs4 ysfdu tc os lk, gks xS] rks yxk] Sd lk, Sd djus eX vk,j Hh Ohd jgsxk4 fGj c\Prh xB ckr4 fGj
dHh var ugC vkrk4bl txr eX iwjk rks fey gh ugC ldrk4 iwjk rks flGZ ijek®ek gh fey ldrk g,4 vk,j dksB pht
iwjh ugC fey ldrh4 iwjk rks rqégX rqégkjk ¬oWi gh fey ldrk g, vk,j dksB pht iwjh ugC fey ldrh4blfyS
ftügkXus [kstk g,] ftügkXus ik;k g,] mügkXus dgk g,] tc rd vius dks gh u ik yksxs] rc rd nq[h gh jgksxs]
r\Liksxs4!~)) 8iwjk fe¥;k rc, lq[ mi†;ks8 rHh lq[ mitk4!~)) 1 8~ ~ ~ ru dh rifu cq>kuh8 vk,j rc lc ri]
!~)) 8~ ~ ~ ru dh rifu cq>kuh8 ~%) dg, dchj Ho7ca/u NwI,] tksfrfg tksfr lekuh448 vk,j mlh {<] ftl fnu
iwjk ¬oHko izdI gksrk g,] rc rqe cprs ugC4 rc rks t,ls NksIh lh †;ksfr lwjt eX lek tkS3fGj rqégkjk nh;k
vOkjgoka izopu
xaxk Sd ?kI vusd
izæulkj
tc vki iwuk vkS4 rc ;gka dqN rksrs Fs6 ysfdu vc Sd o"Z eX gh u tkus fdrus izdkj ds i{h ;gka vk xS4 D;k
;s vkids dkj< vk xS gT` D;k vkidk muls Hh dksB foxr tüe dk oknk g,`
vkils izæukX dk lek/ku rks feyrk g,] ij lekf/ ?fIr ugC gks ik jgh g,4 D;k dWa`
Kkuh dk ekxZ HDr ds ekxZ ls D;k loZFk fHU g,` ;fn gks' gks rks izse d,ls ?Isxk`
dchj fdl xqQ ds izlkn ls vkuan foHksj gqS tk jgs gT`
l®; dh miyfç/ Hhrj] fGj ckgj leiZ< ij bruk tksj D;kX`
igyk izæuA bDdhl ekpZ dks vkidk iwuk eX bl txg vkxeu gqvk] rc ;gka dqN rksrs Fs6 ysfdu Sd lky eX u
tkus ;gka fdrus izdkj ds i{h vk xS gT vk,j gj jkst viuh lqjhyh vkokt eX xkS pys tk jgs gT4 izæu mOrs gT fd
D;k ;s vkids dkj< vk x;s gT` D;k ;gka vkus ls budh Hh dksB vk÷;kf®ed
rjDdh laHo g,` vkidh dk,u7lh vfHø;fDr bügX lqgkouh yxrh g,3ek,u ;k eq[j` D;k gekjh rjg vkius xr
tüe eX mügX Hh ok;nk fd;k Fk tks vc iwjk gks jgk g,`thou Sd xgu iz;ksstu g,4 vk,j og iz;kstu euq‘; rd gh
lhfer ugC g,] lhfer gks Hh ugC ldrk4 ;k rks iz;kstu g, rks iwjs vf¬r®o eX g,] ;k iz;kstu dgC Hh ugC g,4euq‘;
vyx7Fyx ugC g,6 euq‘; Sd g,4 vxj i®Fj ø;FZ gh gT rks euq‘; Hh ø;FZ g, vk,j vxj euq‘; ds thou eX dksB
lkFZdrk g,] rks i®FjkX ds thou eX Hh lkFZdrk gksuh gh pkfgS4ijek®ek g, rks mldk g¬rk{j lHh phtkX ij g,4
vkneh fof'‘I ugC g,6 lkjh izÎfr fof'‘I g,4 rqe gh ugC dksB fodkl dj jgs gks6 lkjk vf¬r®o fodkleku g,4
ik,/s] i{h] i®Fj7lHh Mapkb;kX ds f'[j dks Nwus ds fyS ;k_k ij py jgs gT4 /heh gksxh fdlh dh xfr] rst gksxh
fdlh dh xfr] dksB csgks' i\Lk gksxk] dksB gks' ls py jgk gksxk6 ysfdu eafty g,4 eafty dk uke gh ijek®ek g,4
vk,j tc rd eafty u fey tkS] rc rd Sd csp,uh cuh gh jgsxh4 og csp,uh euq‘; ds Hhrj gh g,] Sslk ugC6 og
lkjs vf¬r®o eX g,4dfOukB gksrh g, geX ;g lkspdj] D;kXfd euq‘; dk vagdkj Sslk eku ysrk g, fd ijek®ek l®;]
izse] cl gekjh cik,rh g,4 rks geX v\Lpu gksrh g,4cq0 us vius fiNys thou dh dgkfu;ka dgh gT4 og tekuk Fk tc
ml rjg dh ckrX dgh tk ldrh FC6 yksx mudk ykH ys ldrs Fs4 yksx ljy Fs vk,j euq‘; vgadkjh u Fk4 vkt
vxj dksB ml rjg dh vrhr thou dh dgkfu;ka dgsxk rks Hjkslk eqfædy gks tkSxk4 yksx cgqr tfIy gT vk,j
i'q7i{h Hkxs tk jgs Fs4nqA[ ls dk,u ugC cpuk pkgrk g,` rqeus i'q7if{;kX dks nqA[ ls cpus ds fyS Hkxrs ns[k
g,] D;k mlls rqégX ;g [;ky ugC vkrk fd tks nqA[ ls cpuk pkgrs gT os lq[ Hh pkgrs gkXxs4 tks nqA[ ls cpuk
vkrk fd dHh vutkus7tkus mlds Ôn; eX Hh og vkdka{k txrh gksxh] tks vkuan dh g,` i'q Hh tkurs gT lq[]
i'q Hh tkurs gT nqA[] vk,j ml ih\Lk dks Hh tkurs gT tks lq[7nqA[ eX my> dj feyrh g,4 dHh mudh psruk eX Hh
og {< vkrk g,] tc nksukX ds ikj gks tkus dk Hko mOrk gksxk4 fufæpr gh og fopkj mruk ¬i‘I ugC gks ldrk
ftruk euq‘; dk4 euq‘; dks Hh dgka cgqr ¬i‘I g,` fdrus Fks\Ls7ls euq‘;kX dks ¬i‘I g,2 vf/d euq‘;rk rks i'q
if{;kX t,lh gh thrh g,4rks cq0 us dgk] lkjs taxy ds i'q Hkxus yxs] eT Hh Hkxk4 Fd x;k Fk4 Sd o1{ ds uhps
[\Lk gks x;k {< Hj foJke dks4 vk,j t,ls gh eTus i,j mOk;k ogka ls gIus dks] Sd [jxks' Hkxk gqvk vk;k] vk,j
tks txg [kyh gks xB Fh esjs i,j ds mOkus ls] ml txg vkdj c,O x;k4 i,j mOk gqvk Mij gkFh dk] [jxks' uhps
c,O x;k4cq0 us dgk] esjs eu eX gqvk] eT Hh Hkx jgk gwa izk< dks cpkus dks] ;g [jxks' Hh Hkx jgk g, izk< dks
cpkus dks3izk< dks cpkus ds laca/ eX fdlh eX dksB Hsn ugC g,4 esjs ikl cgqr c\Lh nsg g,] bl [jxks' ds ikl c\Lh
NksIh nsg g,4 esjs i,j ds i\Lrs gh ;g fou‘I gks tkSxk4 ysfdu nqA[ ls lHh cpuk pkgrs gT4 lq[ dh lHh dh
vkdka{k g,4 mleX rks dksB Hsn ugC g,] NksIs7c\Ls dk dksB GdZ ugC4 dW<k dk vkfoHkZo gqvk2vk,j cq0 us dgk fd
eT [\Lk jgk] tc rd fd ;g [jxks' gI u tkS] D;kXfd eT i,j j[waxk rks ;g ej tkSxk4 vkx c\Prh xB] [jxks'
Hkxk ugC6 og lqjf{r Fk4 'k;n mlus lkspk gks fd tc gkFh Hh ugC Hkx jgk g, rks dksB Lj ugC g,4 c\LkX ds ihNs
NksIs pyrs gT4 rks og c,Ok gh jgk lqjf{r4 vkx H;adj gks xB vk,j gkFh ty dj ej x;k4cq0 us dgk g,] ml tüe
eX gh eTus euq‘;®o dks ikus dh {erk ikB3ml ?\Lh eX tc eTus [jxks' ij dW<k dh vk,j eT i,j dks jksds [\Lk jgk4
mlh {< eTus euq‘; gksus dh {erk v√tr dj yh4 vkt eT euq‘; gwa mlh ?\Lh ds ojnku7¬oWi4lkjk txr3ik,/s
Hh~ ~ ~ rqégX [;ky eX u vkrs gks] ysfdu izk< ogka laokfnr g,] izk< ogka iqyfdr g,] ogka Hh /\Ldu g, vk,j ogka Hh
vc rks ifæpe eX foKku c\Lh [kst dj jgk g,4 vk,j ftu [kstkX adks egkohj vk,j cq0 us lkjh nqfu;k dks fn;k] ysfdu
vc rd tks dkø; ekywe i\Lrh Fh6 vc foKku ds vk/kj ls os rƒ; curh tk jgh gT4ifæpe eX fiNys ikap o"kë eX
cgqr ls iz;ksx fdS xS gT] ftuls ;g irk pyk fd ik,/s cgqr laosnu'hy gT4 mudh laosnuk vn.Hqr g,2 vk,j u
dsoy laosnu'hy g,] cf¥d IsyhG,fFd gT4 vk,j euq‘; us Hh og {erk [ks nh g,3nwljkX ds fopkj dks id\L ysus
dh] nwljs ds fopkj dks i\P ysus dh6 mleX Hh ik,/s l{e gT4 ;g Hjksls dh ckr ugC ekywe i\Lrh4 ysfdu vc rks
foKku us c\Ls iz;ksx dj fyS gT4ik,/k id\Lrk g, nwljs ds fopkj dks Hh4Sd o,Kkfud ik,/kX ij dke dj jgk Fk fd
mueX laosnuk fdruh g,4 lj txnh'pa– clq us tks dke v/wjk Nks\L fn;k Fk] mldks og iwjk dj jgk Fk3og mudk
Sd f'‘; g,] vejhdh g,3vk,j pkgrk Fk fd mügkXus tks dke Nks\L fnS mls vkxs c\Pk;k tkS4 rks Sd ik,s/s ds ikl
c,Ok Fk] ik,/s ds lkF mlus rkj tks\L j[s Fs fo|qr ds4 t,ls fd LkDIj vkids Ôn; dh tkap djrk g,] dk√L;kssxzke
ysrk g,] rks rkj tks\L nsrk g, vk,j fGj Ôn; dh /\Ldu dkxt ij xzkG cukus yxrh g,3Ssls mlus ik,/s ij rkj tks\Ls
fnS Fs fd ik,/s dh D;k euksn'k g,] D;k /\Ldu g, mlds Ôn; dh` og dkxt ij xzkG cuus yxk Fk4og xzkG cu
jgk Fk] rHh mlus lkspk fd vxj eT Nqjh dks mOkdj bl ik,/s dks vk/k dkI nwa rks D;k gksxk` og g,jku gks x;k2
xzkG ij rks [cj igaqp xB4 vHh mlus dkIk ugC g,] vHh mlus Nqjh mOkB ugC g,6 flGZ Sd Hko fd vxj eT Nqjh
mOkdj vk/k bldks dkI nwa rks bldh D;k Hko7n'k gksxh` xzkG eX rks ?c\LkgI vk xB4 xzkG eX rks daiu vk
x;k3o,lk gh daiu] t,ls dksB rqégkjh Nkrh ij Nqjk ysdj [\Lk gks tkrk g,] rc t,lk daiu rqégkjs dk√L;ksxzke eX vk
tkSxk] Ohd o,lk gh daiu ik,/s ij vk x;k4 ysfdu vHh dksB Nqjk ysdj [\Lk Hh u gqvk Fk4 vHh fdlh us Nqjk
yxh gksxh4 fGj ik,/kX dks [cj yxh gksxh4 fGj i®FjkX dks] [futkX dks [cj yxh gksxh4 ftruh ewπNkZ g,] mruh nsj
ls [cj yxrh g,4euq‘;kX eX Hh rks lHh dks Sd lkF [cj ugC yxrh4 euq‘;kX eX Hh igys tks nso¬oWi gT] mudks
[cj yxsxh6 fGj tks euq‘;7¬oWi gT mudks [cj yxsxh6 fGj tks i'q7¬oWi gT mudks [cj yxsxh6 fGj tks
i{h7¬oWi gT mudks [cj yxsxh4 Ssls euq‘;kX eX Hh rks Hsn gkXxs4fGj egkohj dh [cj euq‘;kX rd igqaph] fGj
tkuojkX rd igqaph] Gf{;kX rd Ggqaph4 vk,j t,u7'k¬_ dgrs gT fd fGj egkohj dh mins'uk eX lHh ek,twn gksrs Fs4
vn1æ; yksx] vn1æ; thok®ekSa] tks fn[kB ugC i\Lrh gT os Hh6 n1æ;] tks fn[kB i\Lrs gT os Hh6 vk,j n1æ; eX Hh os tks
geX cgqr fodkl eX ihNs ekywe i\Lrs gT] os Hh ek,twn gksus yxs4Sd c\Lh vnHqr ?Iuk g, fd egkohj dk Sd f'‘;
Fk xks'kyd4 ckn eX og cxkorh gks x;k vk,j egkohj ds fojks/ eX gks x;k4 egkohj dgrs Fs] thou eX lHh dqN
fu;fr ls ca/k g,] Hk≈; g, vk,j ;gka lc tks gksus dks g,] ogh gks jgk g,] vk,j tks gksus dks g, ogh gksxk4 blfyS euq‘;
ø;FZ drkZ dk Hko u ys4 Hk≈; ds fl0kar dk lkjk lkj bruk g,] fd rqe vius vgadkj dks fu√er er djks4f'‘;
mudh ckrkX ij 'd g,4 xkss'kyd us dgk fd vki dgrs gT] tks gksuk g, ogh gksxk4 ;g ik,/k yxk g,] Sd NksIk7lk
ik,/k yxk Fk4 D;k dgrs gT vkG] ;g cpsxk fd ugC cpsxk`egkohj us dgk] ;g cpsxk4 xks'kyd us ml ik,/s dks
m[k\Ldj GXd fn;k4 og egkohj dks ;g fn[yk jgk Fk fd ns[X] vki dgrs gT] cpsxk6 ;g ugC cprk4 dgka x;k
vkidk fl0kar` og f[yf[ykdj galus yxk4 mlus dgk egkohj ls cksys] vc dgX4 egkohj us dgk] Fks\Lh
izrh{k2 Fks\Ls le; dh tWjr g,4os nksukX xkao pys xS4 nqigj o"kZ gqB4 lka> tc os okil yk,I jgs Fs] egkohj us
dgk] ns[2 ml ik,/s us fGj t\LX tek yh FC4 o"kZ gks xB Fh] tehu xhyh gks xB Fh4 og fGj [\Lk gks x;k Fk4 mlus
t\LX tek yh FC4 egkohj us dgk] ;g ik,/k cpsxk4 vk,j dgrs gT] xks'kyd dh Hh fgéer u i\Lh nqckjk mls rks\Ldj
GXdus dh4lkeus gh [\Lk Fk2tks geX ugC fn[kB i\Lrs thou ds lw_] os Hh vg√u' lay≈u gT4 o1{ Hh vdkj< ugC
gT] i'q Hh vdkj< ugC gT] i{h Hh vdkj< ugC gT D;kXfd vdkj< vf¬r®o ugC g,4rqe t,ls vkS gks] o,ls gh lHh
vkS gT4 rqe tgka ls vkS gks] ogC ls lHh vkS gT4 rqe tgka tk jgs gks] ogC lHh tk jgs gT4 ;g flGZ euq‘; dk
vgadkj g,] tks lksprk g,] ge ijek®ek dks [kst jgs gT] fd ge /eZ dks [kst jgs gT4 lHh dh [kst ogh g,4 vk,j
fufæpr gh ftldh [kst g, mldh rjDdh Hh g,6 ftldh [kst g, mldk fodkl Hh g,4nks7rhu fnu igys rwGku vk;k
vk,j Sd i{h tks fujarj ;gka xhr xk jgk Fk vk,j fujarj izlU Fk vk,j izeqfnr Fk6 rwGku eX mlds ia[ Hhx xS gkXxs6
rwGku ls y\Lrk jgk gksxk] {r7fo{r gks x;k Fk4 lka> tc eT [kuk [kus c,Ok6 og vkdj i,j eX fxj i\Lk vk,j ej
x;k4 foosd eq>ls iwNus yxh fd D;k bls bl Hkafr ejus ls dqN ykH gksxk` D;k bl Hkafr vkids pj<kX eX ejus ls
bls dqN ykH gksxk`fufæpr gh ykH g,] D;kXfd og dgC Hh ej ldrk Fk4 vk,j Sd {< ugC yxk mls ejus eX4 rks
c\Lh ps‘Ik djds gh ogka rd igqap ik;k Fk4 mlds ia[ fcydqy {r7fo{r Fs4 rwGku H;adj Fk4 o"kZ tksj ls gks
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i{h vk®eoku gksdj ejk4 og i{h lad¥ioku gksdj ejk4 og i{h ;wa gh ugC ej x;k6 dqN miyç/ djds ejk4 Sd
ps‘Ik Fh4 ml ps‘Ik eX og gkjk ugC4 rwGku NksIk i\L x;k] i{h c\Lk gks x;k4 vka/h dks gjk fn;k4 avk/h feIk u ikB
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tkS4ml fnu ;qod x;k] ysfdu i{h ugC vkS4 m\Ls nwj7nwj] flj ds ikl eaLjkS] ysfdu da/kX ij u c,Os4 vkt
;qod ogh u Fk] tks dy rd Fk6 vkt ckr cny xB Fh4 vkt izse u Fk6 vkt vkuan u Fk vkt muds lkF [syus
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rqe le> yksxs4 vk,j ogh vlyh ckr g,4 ogh le>us dh ckr g,4tks eT dg jgk gwa] vxj rqe mlh dks le>rs jgs rks
rqe eq>ls pwd gh tkvksxs4 iwjk le> yks tks eT dg jgk gwa] rks Hh rqe eq>ls pwd tkvksxs D;kXfd og iwjk Hh cgqr
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lk/uk g,4 D;kXfd ogh Hksx Hxoku dks yxkrs gT] Hxoku rks cgkuk g,] ogh Hksx [qn dks yxkrs gT4 rqe mudks
eksj7eqdqI igus gqS ns[ksxs4 os rqégX fonw"d ekywe i\LXxs4 fdlh ldZl eX gksrs] ukId eX gksrs] taprs6 ;gka D;k dj
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'wü;3nksukX gh4 vk,j vxj rqe nksukX gh fdukjkX dks Nw dj cg ldks rks rqégkjh thou7lfjrk lkxj rd fufæpr gh
igqap tkSxh4 vk,j rc rqe ijek®ek dks ik dj Sslk u ikvksxs fd dqN u;k ik jgs gks6 rqe Sslk ikvksxs fd ;g rks
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rqe mls Hkstu dk vkuan ysrs gqS Hh ikvksxs D;kXfd og dgsxk] vUe. cz‰3fd vU cz‰ g,4 dHh rqe mls miokl
djrs gqS Hh ikvksxs] D;kXfd og Hhrj bruk Lwc x;k fd Hkstu dh ;kn gh u jgh4Sslk ø;fDr gh esjs fyS thou dk
dkø; g,4 Sslk ø;fDr esjs fyS ifjiw<Z g,4var eX rks ;g ?Iuk lHh dks ?Irh g,6 ysfdu 'qW ls ?I tkS rks
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gtkjkX î;kls daO] gtkjkX dqSa3vk,j tc ikuh xys eX daO ls feyrk g, rks î;kl cq>rh g,] tks r1fîr gksrh g,] og rks
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ty ds ?kI gkXxs vyx7vyx] ty/kj rks Sd g,] ty dk ¬oHko rks Sd g,4 vk,j tc ty vk,j î;kl dk feyu
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rc rd ugC fey ldrk] tc rd vgadkj u feIs4bls Fks\Lk Ohd ls le> yks4 ;g xf<r lHh ds thou ds dke dk
g,4 vk'hokZn rHh fey ldrk g,] tc vgadkj u gks4 vk,j etk ;g g,] fd vgadkj u gks] rks vk'hokZn ds fcuk Hh
mnklh feI ldrh g,4 vk'hokZn dh dksB tWjr Hh ugC g,4 vgadkj gks] rks vk'hokZn dh tWjr g,] D;kXfd mnklh
jgsxh4 ysfdu vgadkj ds jgrs vk'hokZn ugC cjl ldrk4vk,j vgadkj xyr dks cpkS pyk tkrk g,4Sd l†tu
dqN fnu igys vkS4 laü;kl ysuk pkgrs gT] ÷;ku djuk pkgrs gT] 'kar gksuk pkgrs gT4 ysfdu 8eT8 dk ¬oj c\Lk izxk\P
g,4 eTus muls iwNk] 8dgka ls vkS gT`8 eTus ;g iwNk ugC] fd vki dk,u gT] D;k gT6 flGZ bruk gh iwNk] fd dgka ls
vkS gT` cl] mügkXus 'qW dj fn;k] fd eT lekt lq/kjd gaw] fd eT vkfnokfl;kX dk dke dj jgk gaw] fd eTus bruh
la¬FkSa pyk nC6 fd eT Gyka dkÌkXl eX ba≈yTL eX Hkx fy;k vk,j teZuh eX Hkx fy;k4vk,j bruh rsth ls os pyus
yxs ;g lc crkus eX] fd la/ HhNu nh mügkXus eq>s] fd eT fdlh rjg mügX jksdaw] fd Qdks4 ;g eTus iwNk ugC g,4 ;gh
rks rqégkjh chekjh g,4 os pys gh tk jgs gT38eT~ ~eT~ ~eT48yksxkX ds i_ esjs ikl vkrs gT4 os 8eT8 ls gh 'qW djrs gT gj
okD;4 lc 8eT8 ls Hjk g, vk,j uhps n¬r[r gksrs gT] 8vkidk fouez48 og fouezrk c\Lh >wOh g,4 og fouezrk Hh
vgadkj dk gh Sd vkHw"<] Sd ltkoI gksxh4vgadkj ih\Lk dk Ûksr g,4 vk,j mlh ds dkj< rqe vius ¬oHko dks
ugC ik ldrs6 u ijek®ek dks ik ldrs gks4 vk'hokZn rqe ij cjlsxk gh ugC4 vgadkj ds dkj< rqe myIs ?\Ls gks4
o"kZ gksrh jgsxh rks Hh rqe ij cawn u igaqpsxh4 rqe [kyh ds [kyh jg tkvksxs4 dk'] rqe vgadkj ls [kyh gks tkvks
rks rqe vkt Hj ldrs gks] blh {< Hj ldrs gks4 dgC dksB QdkoI ugC g,] rqégkjs vfrfjDr dgC dksB ck/k ugC g,4
blfyS xgjk loky izkFZuk djus dk ugC g,] xgjk loky ;g tks djus okyk g,] bldks feIkus dk g,4 ugC rks ;gh
nqdku pykrk g,] ;gh izkFZuk djsxk4 ;g feI tkS] rks rqégkjk thou izkFZuk g,4dchj mlh dks lgt7;ksx dgrs gT4
;g feI tkS] rks rqégkjk izfriy iwtk g,] ifj∂ek g,] rks ?j eX gh ¬uku] xaxk7¬uku g,4 rks rqe tgka gks] ogC /eZ g,]
ogC rhFZ g,4 rks rqégkjh æokl7æokl ¬ej< g,4ij vgadkj feI tkS4 ugC rks iwtk Hh ø;FZ] izkFZuk Hh ø;FZ4 vgadkj
dk fo" lHh dks fo"kDr dj nsrk g,4Sd djks\Lifr eTus lquk g,] cgqr v\Lpu eX Fk4 djks\LkX dk ?kIk yxk Fk4 vk,j
lkjh thou dh esgur Lwcus ds djhc Fh4 uk,dk Lxexk jgh Fh4 dHh eafnj ugC x;k Fk] dHh izkFZuk Hh u dh Fh4
Gqjlr gh u feyh Fh4 Ssls mlus iqtkjh j[ Nks\Ls Fs4 vk,j eafnj Hh cuok fn;k Fk] tgka os mlds uke ls iwtk fd;k
djrs Fs4ysfdu vkt bl nqA[ dh ?\Lh eX dkairs gkFkX og Hh eafnj x;k4 lqcg t¥nh x;k] rkfd ijek®ek ls igyh
eqykdkr mlh dh gks] igyh izkFZuk ogh dj lds4 dksB nwljk igys gh ekax dj ijek®ek dk eu [jkc u dj pqdk
gks4 ysfdu ns[ dj g,jku gqvk fd xkao dk fH[kjh mlls igys ek,twn Fk4 va/sjk Fk vHh4 og Hh ihNs [\Lk gks
x;k] fd fH[kjh D;k ekax jgk g,4/uh vkneh ns[rk g,] fd esjs ikl rks eqlhcrX gT6 fH[kjh ds ikl D;k eqlhcrX gks
ldrh gT` vk,j fH[kjh lksprk g,] ns[rk g,] fd eqlhcrX esjs ikl gT4 /uh vkneh ds ikl D;k eqlhcrX gkXxh`nksukX
eqlhcr eX thrs gT4 vius7vius Pax dh eqlhcrX gT6 eqlhcrX tWj gT4fH[kjh dh eqlhcr fH[kjh ds fyS cgqr c\Lh
Fh] /uifr ds fyS dqN c\Lh u Fh4 mlus lquk] fd fH[kjh dg jgk g,] gs ijek®ek2 vxj ikap QiS vkt u feyX rks
thou u‘I gks tkSxk4 vk®eg®;k dj yawxk4 ;s rks pkfgS gh4 i®uh chekj g, vk,j nok ds fyS ikap QiS gksuk
fcydqy vkoæ;d gT4 esjk thou ladI eX g,4bl vehj vkneh us ;g lquk4 vk,j og fH[kjh can gh ugC dj jgk g,
vk,j dgs tk jgk g, vk,j izkFZuk tkjh g,4 rks mlus vius [hls ls ikap QiS fudkyds ml fH[kjh dks fnS vk,j dgk]
fd ;s ikap QiS rw ys vk,j tk4 fGj mlus ijek®ek ls dgk] 8lj] ukm ;w dsu fxo eh ;qvj vufLokbLsL vIsu'u A
vc vki vucIk ÷;ku esjh rjG ns ldrs gT4 ;g fH[kjh ls NqIdkjk gqvk4 eq>s ikap djks\L QiS dh tWjr
g,48vgadkj dk lw_ g, A S lpZ Gkj vufLokbLsL vIsu'u4 Sd [kst g, vgadkj dh] fd ÷;ku rqégX fey tkS4vc
bls rqe le> yks4 vgadkj ÷;ku ekaxrk g, vk,j fujgadkj ÷;ku nsrk g,4 vgadkj ekaxrk g,] lkjh nqfu;k dh utjX eq>
fujgadkj dh ekax g,] eT fdruk ÷;ku ckaI ldaw4Gwy ds ikl ls Hh xqtWa] rks esjh iwjh vk®ek dks ÷;ku ds }kjk Gwy
ij maLsy naw4 vk,j vxj rqe iwjh vk®ek ls Gwy ij vius ÷;ku dks maLsy nks] rks Gwy ijek®ek gks tkrk g,4 tgka ÷;ku
lexz Wi ls maLsy fn;k tkrk g,] ogC eafnj fu√er gks tkrk g,4 og eafnj cukus dh dyk g,4vk,j tc rqe ÷;ku ekaxrs
gks] ogC ujd [\Lk gks tkrk g,4÷;ku nsuk lk/uk g,] ÷;ku ekaxuk lalkj g,4vc tks ÷;ku nsus dks jkth g,] og rHh
jkth gks ldrk g,] tc mlus vius Hhrj dk lw_ rks\L Lkyk gks] tks lnk ekaxrk g,4 vgadkj fH[kjh g,] fouezrk
lezkI g,4;g c\Lk fojks/kHkl g,4 D;kXfd geX rks yxrk g, vgadkj lezkI gksus dh dksf'' dj jgk g,4 ysfdu vgadkj
lnk fH[kjh g,] ekaxrk g,4 ÷;ku ekaxrk g,4 yksx esjh rjG ns[X] izfr‘Ok nX] b†tr nX4 lalkj eq>s tkus] esjk uke
fy[k tkS ¬o<Z v{jkX eX4 esjk Wi [qnk jg tkS bfrgkl ds iUkX ij4 eT Hh pyk gaw ;gka4 esjs in7fpüg dHh feIX
u4 vgadkj dh lkjh ps‘Ik ;gh g,4fujgadkj dh ps‘Ik D;k g,` fujgadkj dh ps‘Ik g, fd fdlh dks irk Hh u pys] fd
eT ;gka Fk4 esjs dksB in7fpüg u NwIs4 esjh dksB js[k Hh u V[ps lalkj eX4 t,ls ikuh ij [Cph gqB js[k feI tkrh g,]
Ssls eT feI tkMa4 eT dgC Hh lalkj dks xank u dj ikMa4 esjk gksuk u gksuk cjkcj gks4Sd xkao eX D;w yxk Fk4 jk'u
dkLZ dk gksxk] fd feÈh ds rsy ds fyS gksxk4 eq¥yk ulQYhu nsj ls igaqpk Fk] ysfdu vkxs [\Ls gksus dh dksf''
dj jgk Fk4 ¬oHkorA tks iqfylokyk ns[js[ dj jgk Fk mlus dgk] fd eq¥yk] ihNs tk dj [\Ls gksvks4 mlus bruh
d\Ld ls dgk] fGj iqfylokyk4rks eq¥yk dks tkuk i\Lk] ysfdu Fks\Lh nsj ckn og fGj okil vk x;k vk,j fGj
dksf'' djus yxk4 ml iqfylokys us dgk] 8rqe fGj vk xS` eTus dgk] ihNs tk dj [\Ls gksvks48eq¥yk us dgk]
8HkB2 ogka rks igys gh ls dksB [\Lk g,48ihNs igys ls gh dksB [\Lk g,2 vk,j tc fdlh dks gIk dj gh [\Lk gksuk gks]
rks vkxs gh gIk dj D;kX u [\Lk gksuk` tc tYkstgn gh djuh g,] >a>I gh djuh g,] rks vkxs gh gIk dj [\Lk gksuk
Ohd g,4 ihNs rks igys ls dksB [\Lk g,4vgadkj vkxs [\Ls gksus dk la?"Z g,4 vk,j vgadkj lnk ns[rk g,] fd ihNs dh
txg rks Hjh g,4 etk ;g g,] fd ihNs dh txg dHh ugC Hjh g,4 ihNs rks dksB gksuk gh ugC pkgrk4 og txg lnk
[kyh g,4 vk,j GhNs [\Ls gksus ds fyS ihNs ds vkneh dks Fks\Ls gh gIkuk g,2 rqe mlds ihNs [\Ls gks ldrs gks4 vkxs
[\Ls gksus ds fyS vkxs ds vkneh dks gIkuk i\Lsxk4 og la?"Z g,4vgadkj Sd la?"Z g,] fujgadkfjrk 'kafr g,4 fGj
la?"Z ls ruko G,nk gksrk g,4 la?"Z ls mnklh] foGyrk] fo"kn G,nk gksrk g,4 fGj la?"Z ds gtkj jksx i,nk gksrs gT]
ikxyiu i,nk gksrk g,4 fGj rqe muds bykt eX fudyrs gks4 ysfdu ewy t\L dks rqe lCprs pys tkrs gks4 iRkX dks
dkIrs gks] t\L dks lCprs gks4 t\L dks dkIks6 iRkX dks dkIus ls dqN Hh u gksxk4vk,j dchj dh lkjh f'{k ;gh g,] fd
rqe vxj vius 8eT8 dks feIk nks3vk,j feIkuk D;k g,` og g, gh ugC4 tkuuk Hj g,4 Nk;k dh rjg g,4 g, ugC6
ekywe i\Lrk g,4 Sd liuk g,4 Sd >wO g,] tks rqégkjs ekuus dh otg ls lp ekywe i\Lrk g,4 rqe u ekuks rks vius
vki fxj tkrk g,] u‘I gks tkrk g,4 rqégkjs lgkjs ls gh [\Lk g,4 lgkjk Nks\L nks] og vius ls fxj tkrk g,4 rk' ds
iRkX dk cuk;k ?j g,4 dkxt dh uko g,] tks gks ldrk g, Fks\Lh nsj ygjkX ij brjk ys6 ysfdu Lwcuk fufæpr g,4 vk,j
tks mleX c,O dj Holkxj dks ikj djus pyk g,] og rks fufæpr gh Lwcsxk4dchj dgrs gT]
8vkis gh cfg tkSaxs] ts uVg idjk, ckafg8 vius vki rks ge cg tkSaxs] vxj rqégkjk gkF u vk;k4;g 8vkis8 'çn
cgqr vπNk g,4 blds nks vFZ gks ldrs gT] fd vius vki rks ge cg tkSaxs4 vk,j 8vkis8 dk Sd vFZ vgadkj Hh
gksrk g,4 8vkis gh cfg tkSaxs83;g tks vkik g,] ;g tks 8eT8 Hko g,] blls rks ge cg tkSaxs4le>us dh ps‘Ik djX6
dchj dh igyh f'{k rks g,] fd rqe lqjfr ls Hjks6 fd rqe ¬ej< ls Hjks ijek®ek ds4 t,ls7t,ls rqe ijek®ek ds
¬ej< ls Hjksxs t,ls7t,ls mldh ;kn l?u gksxh] rqégX vius vgadkj dk Hko de gksrk tkSxk4 ;s nksukX lkF ugC jg
ldrs4 ;s rks Sd é;ku eX nks ryokjX gT] ;s lkF ugC py ldrC4 ;g jkg c\Lh ladjh g,] c\Lh ckjhd g,4
c\Lh gks ldrh g,` d,ls gksxh` cukusokys ls cukB xB pht c\Lh ugC gks ldrh4 l1f‘I lnk gh Û‘Ik ls NksIh gksxh4rks
dchj dgrs gT] lqjfr djk, esjs lkab;ka4 gs izHq] rqe esjh ;kn djks4 eT rqégkjh ;kn dj jgk gaw4
ge gT Hoty ekafg48 ge vc Lwcs rc Lwcs dh gkyr eX gT4 iqdkjrs gT] fp¥ykrs gT] ysfdu rqe rd igaqprh g,
vkokt` d,ls geX Hjkslk gks] tc rd fd rqégkjh vkokt Hh ge rd u igaqps` ge rks gkF G,yk jgs gT va/sjs
eX3¬oHkorA] D;kXfd izdk' vxj gksrk rks ge rqégX iqdkjrs gh D;kX` gekjk gkF va/sjs eX G,yk g,] ysfdu geX d,ls
iDdk irk pys] fd rqégkjs gkF rd igaqp x;k g,] tc rd rqégkjk gkF gekjs gkF dk ¬i'Z u djs`;g vgadkj dks
fcydqy t\L ls feIk nsus dh ps‘Ik g,4 Fks\Lk lk cp ldrk g, lk/d eX] ri¬oh eX6 HDr eX fcydqy ugC cp
ldrk4 D;kXfd HDr ;g ugC dgrk fd esjh gh lkeƒ;Z ls igaqp tkMaxk4 rsjk lgkjk pkfgS4 8lqjfr djk, esjs lkab;ka]
ge gT Hoty ekafg4 vkis gh cfg tkSaxs~ ~ ~8 vxj ge viuh gh ps‘Ik djrs jgs] rks cg tkuk fufæpr g,4vk,j ;g
vgadkj bruk H;adj g,] fd ge Nks\L7Nks\L dj bls id\L ysrs gT4 Sd rjG ls Nks\Lrs gT] nwljh rjG ls id\L ysrs gT4
b/j ls fonk djrs gT] fd og ihNs ds njokts ls Hhrj vk tkrk g,4 mls ge fGj ikrs gT] og Vlgklu ij fojkteku
g,4 mlls ge cp ugC ikrs4;g tks fouez fuosnu g,] ;g tks vgadkj dk lkG7lkG ¬ohdkj g,] ;gh fouez vkneh dk
y{< g,4 vgadkjh rks dgsxk] eT fouez gaw4 fouezrk gh mldk vgadkj cu tkSxh4 fouez vkneh dgsxk] iDdk ugC
g,4 vgadkj lw”e g,4 tky dfOu g,4 ckgj fudyuk eqfædy g,4 ps‘Ik djrk gaw] ysfdu thr ekywe ugC gksrh4;g
fouez vkneh dgsxk] ftlus fufæpr gh vgadkj dks Nks\Lus ds iz;kl fdS gT vk,j ik;k g, fd gj ckj vgadkj fdlh u
fdlh Wi eX cp tkrk g,4c\Ls tfIy ekxZ gT vgadkj ds4 rqe /u Nks\L nsrs gks] D;kXfd rqe lksprs Fs] /u ds dkj<
gT4 vpkud vgadkj dgrk g,] 8ns[ks2 rqe t,lk ®;kxh bl lalkj eX dksB Hh ugC48rqe ?j7}kj Nks\L nsrs gks] taxy eX
c,O tkrs gks4 vgadkj dgrk g,] ns[ks2 ikGh rks lc lalkj eX gT] rqe d,ls iq≤;k®ek2 rqe ;gka taxy eX fgeky; dh
xqGk eX c,Os gks4blls rqe d,ls Hkxksxs` dgka tkvksxs` ;g rqégkjs lkF gh [\Lk jgsxk4fouez vkneh bldks igpku
ysrk g,4 fouez vkneh ¬ohdkj djrk g,] fd vgadkj cgqr dfOu g,4 blfyS fouez ijek®ek ls dgsxk] 8vkis gh cfg
8~ ~ ~ts uVg idjk, ckafg48 rqégkjk gkF vxj u c\Pk rks gekjk Lwc tkuk fufæpr g,4fp¥ykrs gT] iqdkjrs gT] jksrs gT6
ysfdu ;g dkGh dgka g,` 'qQvkr gks ldrh g,] var ugC4 var rks rqégkjk gkF gekjs gkF eX vk tkS] rHh2 rqégkjk
8voxq< esjs ckith] cdl xjhc fuokt48 ri¬oh rks fglkc j[rk g,] fdruh riæp;kZ dh2 lk/d fglkc j[rk g,
fdrus miokl fdS] fdruh iwtkSa dC] fdrus ea_ tis3djks\L] nks djks\L] ikap djks\L2 og lc vgadkj dk gh
fglkc g,4 og [krs7cgh lc lalkj dh gh g,4 vgadkj ds vfrfjDr dksB nkosnkj gh ugC g, nqfu;k eX4 nkosnkjh dqN
Hh gks6 fd eTus brus ea_ i\Ps] bruh iwtk dh4HDr dk Hko dqN vk,j g,4 HDr dgrk g,] 8voxq< esjs ckith48 HDr
dgrk g,] voxq<kX dk eq>s irk g,4 mügX eT feIk ugC ik;k] ;g Hh eq>s irk g,4 mügX eT feIk u ikMaxk ;g Hh eq>s irk
g,4 rsjs fcuk dqN Hh u gksxk4 rks eT ;g ugC dgrk] fd eT xq<h gaw blfyS rw gkF c\Pk6 ;gC GdZ g,4vgadkjh ogka Hh
dgrk g,] fd ns[ eTus brus miokl fdS] vHh rd rsjk gkF ugC feyk` vü;k; gks jgk g,4 csBeku rjs tk jgs gT]
Bekunkj Lwc jgk g,4 vu,frd ikj gqS tk jgs gT vk,j ftügkXus riæp;kZ dh] lk/uk dh] rq>s iqdkjk] jke7jke ti dj
thou xqtkjk] os Lwc jgs gT4 ;g vü;k; g,4tgka vgadkj g,] ogka lnk f'dk;r gksxh4 f'dk;r vgadkj ds ihNs Sslh
pyrh g,] t,ls Nk;k rqégkjs ihNs4tgka vgadkj ugC g,] ogka vgksHko gksxk4 ogka nhurk dh ¬ohÎfr gksxh vk,j mlds
nku ds izfr vgksHko gksxk4 tgka vgadkj g,] ogka lnk ;g yxsxk] fd tks eq>s feyuk pkfgS] og ugC fey jgk g,4
ftlds eT ;ks≈; gaw] og eq>s ugC fey jgk g,4 tks esjh ik_rk g,] mlls de eq>s fey jgk g,4 ;gh rks fo"kn g,4 ;gh rks
mnklh g, vgadkj dh4 ;gh rks mldh vlGyrk g,4ysfdu dchj dgrs gT] 8voxq< esjs ckith48 eq>s irk g,4 dqN
pkgrs gTa4 blfyS fu;e dkGh g,4 ijek®ek dh dksB tWjr ugC g,4Vgnw nksukX ekurs gT4 Vgnw nqfu;k eX c\Lk fojks/kHklh
/eZ g,4 vk,j ogh mldh [wch Hh g,] ogh mldh eqfædy Hh g,4 [wch ;g g,] fd og nksukX ckrX Sd lkF ekurk g,]
fd ijek®ek ü;k;iw<Z g, vk,j ijek®ek dQ<koku g,4 D;kXfd Vgnw dgrs gT] fd vxj flGZ fu;e g, rks thou bruk
W[k7lw[k gks tkrk g, fd ogka dksB dQ<k dh Nk;k ugC4 vxj dkuwu ls gh lc py jgk g, rks thou eX fGj jl]
laxhr] vk,j jg¬; dh D;k txg jgh` xf<r dk fglkc g,6 /eZ dk D;k mik; jgk`blfyS t,u 'k¬_ vxj rqe
i\Pks] rks rqe ikvksxs og xf<r dk G,yko g,4 mueX rqégX mifu"nkX dk jl u feysxk4esjs ikl yksx vkrs gT6 os dgrs
gT] vki daqndaqn ij D;kX ugC dHh cksyrs] t,lk dchj ij cksyrs gT`daqndaqn ije Kkuh gqS4 tWj eT pkgawxk] fd mu
ij cksyaw4 ysfdu v\Lpu ogka vk tkrh g,] fd Sdne lc W[k7lw[k g,4 Sd eQ¬Fy ekywe gksrk g,3 fu;e2
dksB dkø; ugC g,] dksB dQ<k ugC g,] dksB jl/kj ugC cgrh4 pyks eQ¬Fy eX] ysfdu dgC dksB ikuh dh cawn ugC
feyrh4 vk,j lc xf<r dk gh fglkc g,4rks Sslk yxrk g,] t,ls thou Sd xf<r g,4 mleX ls dkø; [ks tkrk g,4
thou Sd dfork ugC jg tkrh4 'q0 xf<r gks tkrk g,3fglkc4 nks vk,j nks pkj gksrs gT] Sslk fglkc gks tkrk g,4
nks vk,j nks u rks ikap gksrs] u rhu gksrs4Vgnw c\Ls vnHqr gT bl vFZ eX4 os dgrs gT] fd thou eX fu;e g,] ysfdu
fu;e gh lc dqN ugC g,4 fu;e ds ihNs dQ<koku Ôn; Hh fNik g,4thll dh Sd dgkuh g,4 og thll us fufæpr
gh VgnqvkX ls blh eq¥d eX lh[h g,4 D;kXfd ;gwnh mldks fcydqy ugC le> ikS vk,j ;gwfn;kX ds fyS fcydqy
cscw> gks xB4 ;gwnh Hh jkth gT] fd Gjek®ek ü;k;;qR g,4 blfyS ;gwfn;kX dk ijek®ek c\Lk dOksj g,] t,lk fu;e
dOksj gksrk g,4 vkx tykrh g,4 NksIk cπpk gkF Lkys rks Hh tykrh g,] igyoku gkF Lkys rks Hh tykrh g,4 vkx
lksprh ugC] fd NksIk cπpk g,] {ek djks] Nks\L nks Sd nGk4 Sd nks nGk Hwy djrk g,] lh[ ysus nks4ugC fu;e
c\Lk dOksj g,4 blfyS ;gwfn;kX dk ijek®ek Sdne fu;e dk izrhd g,] c\Lk dOksj g,4 rqeus Hwy dh] og rqégX
l\LkSxk] ujdks eX Lkysxk] dkIsxk4 rqeus Ohd fd;k] og rqégX ¬oxkë eX mOkSxk4 rqégkjs thou eX lq[ gh lq[ dh
/kjkSa cg tkSaxh4 iqj¬Îr gksvksxs] nafLr gksvksxs6 vk,j lc fu;e ls pysxk4 ijek®ek fu;e g,4thll us Sd dgkuh
tc dguh 'qW dh] rks ;gwfn;kX ds fyS c\Lh v\Lpu gqB4 thll dh dgkuh c\Lh lk/kj<] ljy] lh/h7lkG
g,4thll us dgk] fd Sd vkneh dk Sd vaxwjkX dk cxhpk Fk4 vk,j mlus lqcg vius equhe dks Hstk] fd rw tk
vk,j xkao ls etnwjkX dks ys vk4 og x;k] og dqN etnwjkX dks yk;k ysfdu vk,j etnwjkX dh tWjr Fh4 nksGgj
gksrs7gksrs mls fGj Hstk x;k] og fGj vk,j etnwjkX dks yk;k4 ysfdu vk,j Hh etnwjkX dh tWjr Fh4 ekfyd t¥nh eX
Fk vk,j dke lka> rd iwjk dj ysuk Fk rks nksigj ds ckn Hh dqN etnwj vkS4 fGj Hh mls Hstk x;k4 dqN etnwj
rks rc vkS tc dke can gksus ds gh djhc Fk4 os vkS gh6 dke djus dk mügX ek,dk gh ugC feyk vk,j lwjt Py
x;k4fGj ml ekfyd us lHh etnwjkX dks bdØk fd;k vk,j lHh dks cjkcj i,ls ckaI fnS4 tks lqcg vkS Fs mügX Hh]
vk,j tks vHh7vHh vkS Fs] mügX Hh4fufæpr gh bleX Fks\Lk vü;k; ekywe i\Lk4 tks lqcg ls esgur dj jgs Fs mügkXus
dgk] ;g vü;k; g,4 D;kXfd ge lqcg ls th7tku rks\L jgs gT4 dqN yksx nksigj eX vkS] mügX vk/k feyuk pkfgS4
dqN yksx vk,j Hh ckn eX vkS] mügX rks iko gh feyuk pkfgS4 vk,j dqN yksx rks vHh7vHh vkS gT] mügX nsus dk rks
dksB loky gh ugC mOrk4ml ekfyd us dgk] fd rqégX ftruk feyuk pkfgS Fk] mruk feyk ;k ugC`8mügkXus dgk]
8geX rks mruk fey x;k48rks ekfyd us dgk] 8fGj rqe fG∂ er djks4 rqégX ftruk feyuk pkfgS Fk] og rqégX fey
x;k4 bügX eT viuh [q'h ls nsrk gaw4 esjs ikl nsus dks cgqr g,4 budh etnwjh ds dkj< ugC nsrk] vius †;knk gksus ds
dkj< nsrk gaw4 bleX rqégX dksB Srjkt g,`8;g dgkuh thll us fufæpr gh VgnqvkX ls lh[h gksxh4 bl dgkuh dk lw_
dgC VgnqvkX dh /kj<k eX g,4 Vgnw dgrs gT] ijek®ek ü;k;iw<Z g,6 exj ü;k; dk mi;ksx og iq≤;k®ekvkX ds lkF djrk
g,4;g tjk le> ysuk4 ;g c\Ls ets dh ckr g,4 ü;k; dk mi;ksx djrk g, iq≤;k®ekvkX ds lkF] D;kXfd mudks dQ<k
dh tWjr gh ugC g,4 mügkXus dQ<k dHh ekaxh gh ugC4 rks mügX ftruk feyuk pkfgS] mruk fey tkrk g,4 mügkXus
fd;k] flj ds cy [\Ls jgs] ;ksx fd;k4 gtkj mik; fdS] tqxqr dh] tksx dh4 fufæpr gh mügkXus c\Lh esgur dh
lqcg ls lka> rd4ijek®ek mügX mruk nsrk g,] ftruk mügkXus v√tr dj fy;k4 dQ<k mügkXus ekaxh ugC4 mügkXus vius
Je dh ekax dh g,4 blfyS ;g c\Ls ets dh ckr g,] fd egkohj vk,j cq0 ds /eZ dk uke Je< g,4 Je< dk vFZ
gksrk g,] tks Je ij vk/kfjr g,4Vgnq¬rku eX nks la¬Îfr;ka gT6 Sd czk‰< vk,j Sd Je<4 Je< la¬Îr dk vFZ gksrk
g,] ge vius Je ls tks v√tr g, mldh ekax dj jgs gT4 fufæpr mruk feysxk4 mlls de dHh Hh ugC feysxk]
D;kXfd ijek®ek ü;k;iw<Z g,4ysfdu ftügkXus flGZ v√tr fd;k g,] os c\Lh eqfædy eX i\LXxs ijek®ek ds }kj ij6 tc
os ns[Xxs] fd ikfi;kX dks Hh fey jgk g, vk,j [wc fey jgk g,4 vk,j mruk gh fey jgk g,] ftruk mügX fey jgk g,4 rc
ijek®ek muls dgsxk] fd ;g eT vius vkf/D; ls nsrk gwa4 ;g esjs ikl cgqr †;knk g,] bldk eT D;k dWa` rqeus
ftruk dek;k] rqégX fey x;k4 fGj Hh cgqr esjs ikl cpk g,] mldk eT D;k dWa`;g xf<r ds ckgj g, ckr4 exj
thou xf<r g, gh ugC4 Sslk ugC g,] fd xf<r ls pyusokys yksx ugC igqapXxs6 igqapsxs4 ij mruk gh ikSaxs ftruk
mudh tWjr g,] ftruk mügkXus dek;k g,4var eX Sd c\Lk vnHqr vuqHo gksrk g,] fd mudks Hh fey tkrk g,]
ftügkXus dek;k u Fk] ysfdu ftügkXus vuqHo fd;k Fk] ge voxq<h gT6 tks fujgadkjh Fs4 dekB rks vgadkj dh
?ks"<k g,4 vgadkj ds lkF iwjk ü;k; fd;k tkrk g,4 ysfdu Ssls yksx Hh gT] ftügkXus dek;k ugC6 ;k dek;k Hh rks
Hh ik;k] fd gekjh dekB dk D;k nkok gks ldrk g,` mügkXus vius voxq<kX dh ckr dgh g, ~ ~ ~ 8voxq< esjs
ckith] cdl xjhc fuokt48 mügkXus dgk] fd voxq< gh voxq< gT geeX4 nkok gekjk dqN ugC4 vxj u feysxk rks
ge f'dk;r u dj ldXxs vk,j dgC vihy u dj ldXxs rqégkjs f[ykG4 dksB vnkyr g, Hh ugC vihy dh4 dksB
f'dk;r Hh u dj ldXxs4 ge ikSaxs] fd Ohd g,4 tks gqvk] og vius voxq<kX ds dkj< gqvk4 rqels gekjh dksB
f'dk;r u gksxh4 ysfdu ge rqégkjh dQ<k dks rks iqdkj ldrs gT4 vc vf¬r®o eX nksukX rÂo gT6 ü;k; ds vk,j dQ<k
ds4 ü;k; dks iqdkjrk g, Kkuh] dQ<k dks iqdkjrk g, HDr4 fu;e dks iqdkjrk g, Kkuh] dQ<k dks iqdkjrk g, HDr4
HDr fuHZj gksrk g, bl vf¬r®o dh izhfr ij4 Kkuh fuHZj gksrk g, bl vf¬r®o ds fu;ekX ij4blhfyS eT rqels dgrk
gwa] vxj Kkuh gh flGZ Ohd gks] rks fdlh u fdlh fnu /eZ] foKku dk Sd NksIk7lk fg¬lk gks dj lekîr gks
tkSxk4 D;kXfd foKku Hh fu;e ij fuHZj g,4 og Hh fu;e dh [kst g,4 blfyS vkba¬Ihu eX vk,j egkohj ds fopkj
eX cgqr GdZ ugC g,4 Sd u Sd fnu rkyesy c,O tkSxk4 vkba¬Ihu Hh fjysfIfoIh dh ckr djrk g,] lkis{ dh6
vk,j egkohj Hh ckr djrs gT4 egkohj ds opukX eX vk,j vkba¬Ihu ds opukX eX fojks/ [kstuk dfOu g,4dHh u dHh
foKku] t,u /eZ vk,j ck,0 /eZ ls jkth gks tkSxk4 ml fnu t,u /eZ vk,j ck,0 /eZ [ks tkSaxs4 D;kXfd ftl fnu
foKku gh bu dke dks iwjk dj nsxk] ml fnu bu /ekë dh dksB tWjr u jg tkSxh4 tks /eZ fu;e ij vk/kfjr gT]
muds [ksus dk fnu t¥nh djhc vk tkSxk4 ml fnu rks os gh /eZ cpXxs tks fu;e ds ckgj gT] tjk cscw> gT] igsyh
t,ls gT4Vgnw /eZ cgqr cscw> g,4 xgjh ls xgjh igsyh g, mldh6 vk,j og ;g dgrk g,] fd os Hh igqap tkrs gT] ftügkXus
dekus dk nkok gh ugC fd;k4 ftügkXus dsoy vius nqxqZ<kX dh ¬ohÎfr dh] ftügkXus viuh dfe;kX dks ¬ohdkj fd;k]
os Hh igqap tkrs gT4 os fujgadkfjrk ds dkj< igqaprs gT4 vk,j esjh viuh le> ;g g,] fd os vk,j Hh xgjs igqap tkrs
gT] ftügkXus ijek®ek ds Ôn; ls igqapus dh dksf'' dh4 tks ijek®ek ds ef¬r‘d ls igqap jgs gT] fu;e ds vuqlkj]
xf<r ds vuqlkj6 os Hh igqaprs gT] ysfdu mrus xgjs ugC igqap ikrs4
8voxq< esjs ckith ~ ~ ~8 HDr ijek®ek ls laca/ tks\Lrk g,4 D;kXfd HR ;g eku gh ugC ldrk] fd vf¬r®o ds
lkF gekjk thou vutq\Lk g,4 thll dgrs gT ijek®ek dks] 8esjs firk48 dchj dgrs gT] 8ckith84 8ckith8 'çn c\Lk
î;kjk g,4eT jkt¬Fku eX ?werk Fk] rks jkt¬Fku eX xzkeh< tc Hh vkrs gT fdlh lar ds ikl] rks os dgrs gT ckith ;k
ckiw3xqtjkr eX Hh4 rks dHh7dHh Sslk gksrk3 mn;iqj ds egkjktk ds firk eq>s feyus vkS4 os c\Ls lkns HDr gT]
c\Ls lh/s vkneh gT4 nl7iπphl yksx gh eTus eq¥d eX ns[s gT] ftueX o,lk xq< g,4 os rks cgqr cw\Ps gT4 esjs firk ls Hh
g, vk,j okil vk jgk g,3¬okxr ds fcuk Ohd ls okilh u gks ldsxh4 ge mls ¬okxr u nXxs] rks mls yxsxk fd
geus ¬ohdkj ugC fd;k] vaxhdkj ugC fd;k4 rw rks esjk gh g,4 rw dHh nwj gh u x;k4 ysfdu mlds fyS ¬okxr dh
tWjr g,] rkfd mldk vk®exk,jo okil yk,I vkS4t,ls thll dgrs gT ijek®ek iq≤;k®ekvkX ds fyS 'k;n ¬okxr7
lekjaH u Hh ns] ysfdu ftügkXus vius voxq< ¬ohdkj dj fyS gT vk,j ftügkXus izkFZuk Hsth g,] fd ge okil yk,I
vkuk pkgrs gT] muds fyS c\Lk ¬okxr7lekjaH jpk tkrk g,4thll us dgk g,] t,ls x\Lsfj;k vxj mldh Sd Hs\L [ks
tkS rks viuh lk, Hs\LkX dks va/sjh jkr eX] vdsys igk\L ij Nks\L dj [ksB Hs\L dks [kstus fudy tkrk g,4 vk,j tc
Hs\L fey tkrh g, rks mls da/s ij ysdj yk,Irk g, vk,j c\Lk [q' gksrk g,4 vk,j tks Hs\LX lnk mlds ikl FC] mügX dHh
da/s ij ysdj ugC pyk vk,j u dHh izlU gqvk4 dksB tWjr gh u Fh4 HDr dh /kj<k ;g g,] fd vxj rqe vius
Ôn; dks iwjk ijek®ek ds lkeus [ksy nks6 vius iki dks] vius vGjk/ dks] viuh nhurk dks] nfj–rk dks3ogh
[ksy nsuk] ogh düGs'u] ogh ¬ohdkjksfDr mlds gkF dk rqégkjs rjG c\Pus dk mik; gks tkSxk4rqe mlls HId xS
gks] og Hh rqégX [kst jgk g,4 mldk gkF Hh va/sjs eX rqégX IIksy jgk g,4 rqe vdsys gh ugC [kst jgs gks] vf¬r®o Hh
rqégX [kst jgk g,4 vxj rqe vdsys gh [kst jgs gks vk,j vf¬r®o fcydqy fujis{ g,] rks [kst ikdj Hh D;k lekf/
?fIr gksxh` [kst ikdj] ?j yk,I dj Hh vxj ogka dksB nh;s tyrs u feys] dksB ¬okxr u feys] dksB
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g,] ijek®ek Hh euq‘; dks [kst jgk g,4 mldk gkF Hh rqégX IIksy jgk g,4
eu ijrhr u izse jl83 u rks dksB izrhfr g, eu eX6 dksB vuqHo ugC4 u dksB izse dk jl g,48uk dNq ru eX
Pax83u 'jhj gh dksB Pax dk g,4 fdl eqag ls rsjs lkeus vkMa` fdl fgéer ls rsjs }kj dks [I[IkMa` fdl
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vkuan ?fIr gksxk rsjs }kj ij` d,lh r,;kjh dWa` fdl jax eX vius dks jaxw`8 fdl jg¬; eX LqckMa` rsjs }kj ij dk,u
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chloka izopu
l®lax dk laxhr
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vkidh HfDr lk/uk eX izkFZuk dk D;k ¬Fku gksxk`
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izkFZuk djrh ekywe gksrh g,4 ;Fk38vki, gh cfg tkSaxs tks uVg idjk, ckafg48 vk,j vkius izkFZuk dks Hh ÷;ku cuk
fn;k g,4 vkidh HfDr7lk/uk eX izkFZuk dk D;k ¬Fku gksxk`÷;ku vk,j izkFZuk ekxZ dh n1f‘I ls rks c\Ls fHU7fHU
gT6 foijhr Hh4 eafty dh n1f‘I ls Sd gT4 iz¬Fku ds Vcnq ij rks c\Lk Hsn g,] ysfdu igqapus dh txg fcydqy Sd
g,4÷;ku dh ;k_k 'qW gksrh g, fopkj dks fu√opkj djus ls4 mldk dX– ef¬r‘d g,] eu g,4 lk/kj< eu dh vo¬Fk
g,] fopkjkX ds Mgkiksg ls Hjs jguk4 fopkjkX dh Hh\L pyrh g,4 jk¬rk Hjk g, eu dk6 Hh\L gh Hh\L g, fopkjkX dh4 u
lksrs] u tkxrs Qdrh g,6 pyrh gh jgrh g,4bl /kjk dks rks\L nsus dk uke ÷;ku g,4 tc jk¬rk [kyh gks tkrk g,] dksB
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fpR dh fu√opkj n'k dk uke ÷;ku g,4HfDr dk Ûksr vk,j izkjaH vk,j iz¬Fku7Vcnq Ôn; g,4 og ef¬r‘d ls 'qW
ugC gksrh] Ôn; ls 'qW gksrh g,4 fopkj ls 'qW ugC gksrh] izse ls 'qW gksrh g,4nksukX vyx txg ls pyrs gT4
lk/kj<rA izse fdlh ds izfr gksrk g, A i®uh ds izfr] ifr ds izfr] cπpkX ds izfr] /u ds izfr4 izse dk dksB vkct,DI]
dksB fo";o¬rq gksrh g,4tc rd izse dh dksB fo";o¬rq g,] rc rd izse dk uke g, jkx4 vk,j tc izse lef‘I ds izfr
bruh pkg g, Hhrj] fd i®uh cp tkS] ogh pkg tgj cu tkSxh4dksB pkfgS] ftldks u fG∂ g, cpus dh] u ejus
dh4 cps rks Ohd] u cps rks Ohd4 t,ls blls dqN ysuk7nsuk gh ugC g,4 t,ls Hfo‘; dk dksB loky gh ugC g,4 t,ls
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fd Sd ckj Sd ejht Sd fpfd®ld ds ikl vk;k4 ejht Sslk Fk] fd o,lh chekjh dHh djks\L eX Sd vkneh dks
gksrh g,4 Sd [kl Pax dk I.;wej Fk mlds isI eX4 fpfd®ld us mldk isI dkIk] I.;wej fudkyk vk,j dgrs gT]
fpfd®ld ukpus yxk4 mlus dgk] 8gkm ç;wfIGwy28og tks I.;wej Fk] og tks jksx dh xkaO Fh] mldks fudky dj
og ukpk vk,j mlus dgk] 8d,lk lqanj g,2 D;kXfd dHh djks\LkX eX Sd3t,lk dksfguwj ghjk gksrk g,] Sslk og I.;wej
g,4 dHh djks\LkX eX Sd vkneh gksrk g, o,lh chekjh4 vk,j dHh gtkjkX eX Sd fpfd®ld dks ek,dk feyrk g, mldk
vkijs'u djus dk4rks c\Lh lqanj pht g,4 chekj ls mruk eryc ugC g, mls4 og tks Isfcy ij i\Lk g,] ml vkneh ls
eryc ugC g,] mls eryc I.;wej ls g,4 vk,j lk,Hk≈;'kyh g, og] fd mls bl I.;wej dks ns[us dk lk,Hk≈; fey
x;k4 Sslk dHh7dHh fdlh fpfd®ld dks fey ikrk g,4vc rqe lksp gh ugC ldrs] fd I.;wej d,ls lqanj gks ldrk
g,2 rqégkjs ikl fpfd®ld dh vka[ ugC g,4 I.;wej vk,j lqanj2 ckr gh csgwnh yxrh g,4 ysfdu fpfd®ld nwj g,4 mls
chekjh] vk,j chekjh dks Ohd djus eX †;knk jl g,6 chekj ls dksB iz;kstu ugC g,4;g c\Lk Hkjh GdZ g,4 tc rqégkjh
m®lqdrk chekj eX g,] rc chekj chp eX vk tkrk g,6 chekjh ihNs gks tkrh g,4 rqégkjs lkeus chekj g,] mlds ihNs
chekjh g,4 vk,j ;g chekj ls rqégkjk vxj jl cgqr g,] vxj ;g rqégkjh izs;lh g, vk,j mlls rqégkjk fookg gksusokyk
g,] rks rqégkjs lc gkF7i,j] jksSa7jksSa dai tkSaxs4 rqe fdrus gh dq'y fpfd®ld gksvks] lc dq'yrk feÈh gks
tkSxh4 vxj ;g rqégkjk gh csIk g,] vk,j ejus ds djhc g,] rks chekjh ihNs gks tkSxh] chekj vkxs gks tkSxk4tc
dksB fpfd®ld fcuk fdlh laca/ ds] jkx ds fdlh dh fpfd®lk djrk g,] rks chekj ihNs gksrk g,] chekjh lkeus gksrh
g,4 chekj ls dksB ysuk7nsuk ugC gksrk4 chekjh vk,j fpfd®ld dk lh/k lk{k®dkj gksrk g,4 rHh dqN o,Kkfud ?Iuk
?I ldrh g,] funku gks ldrk g,4xqQ dh m®lqdrk fpfd®ld dh m®lqdrk g,4 og chekjh dks lkeus j[rk g,] rqe dks
lkeus ugC4 og chekjh dks feIk nsus eX m®lqd g,4 rqe ihNs gks4 rqégkjs ø;fDrxr yxko] vklfDr;kX dk dksB ew¥;
ugC g,4 xqQ Ohd ls ns[ ikrk g,] fd rqe dgka gks4 xqQ Ohd ls rqégX pyk ikrk g,4 c\Lh dfOukb;ka bl laca/ eX i,nk
gqB gT vrhr ds bfrgkl eX4cq0 us3¬oHkorA os iqQ" Fs6 ftl i0fr vk,j ftl lk/uk ls thou7n1f‘I ikB] fGj
mlh i0fr dks mügkXus le>kuk 'qW fd;k4 gtkjkX yksx] yk[kX yksx nhf{r gqS] Kku dks miyç/ gksus yxs4 f¬_;ka
Hh m®lqd gqbq] ysfdu cq0 f¬_;kX dks nh{k ugC nsrs4 os budkj fdS pys tkrs4 ml budkj dk dkj< g,4 ml
budkj dk cqfu;knh dkj< ;gh g,] fd cq0 dh lkjh lk/uk7i0fr iqQ" fpR ds fyS fodflr dh xB g,4 vk,j f¬_;kX
dks ml lk/uk7i0fr eX Lkyuk] lk/uk i0fr dks Hz‘I djuk gksxk4 f¬_;ka dgC igqapsxh ;g rks lafn≈/ g,] ysfdu
lk/uk7i0fr Hz‘I gks tkSxh4os f¬_;kX dks gIkrs jgs4 egkohj us3muds lkeus Hh ogh loky Fk3nwljs Pax ls
mls gy fd;k4 ysfdu ekeyk ogh dk ogh g,4 egkohj us f¬_;kX dks ugC gIk;k4 tc f¬_;kX us ekaxh nh{k] rks mügkXus
nh4 ysfdu egkohj dh thou i0fr eX] mügkXus ;g ø;o¬Fk dh] fd dksB Hh ¬_h] ¬_h jgrs eqDr ugC gks ldsxh] eks{
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