fly;fs; kw;Wk; MWfisg; gw;wpj; jpUkiw

;     jw;Nghija etPd mwptpaypy; flyha;Tk; xd;W.  flypy; xU ,lj;jpy; ,U NtW fly;fs;
rq;fkpf;fpd;wd> mt;thW mitfs; rq;fkpj;jhYk; ,uz;L fly;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa xU jLg;Gr; RtH cs;sJ
vd;Wk;> NkYk; mtw;wpd; ntg;gk;> cg;Gj;jd;ik> mlHj;jp Mfpatw;wpYk; jq;fsJ
jdpj;jd;ikfSlNdNa cs;sd vd;Wk;> rkPgj;jpa jkJ Ma;tpy; flyha;thsHfs;
fz;Lgpbj;Js;shHfs;.*  Principles of Oceangraphy, Davis, p.92-93.

Figure 13: The Mediterranean sea water as it enters the Atlantic

over the Gibraltar sill with its own warm, saline, and less dense
characteristics, because of the barrier that distinguishes
between them.  Temperatures are in degrees Celsius (C°).
(Marine Geology, Kuenen, p. 43, with a slight enhancement.) 
(Click on the image to enlarge it.)
cjhuzkhf> kj;jpa jiuf;fliy ml;yhz;bf; flYld; xg;gpLNthkhdhy;> kj;jpajiuf;fly;
ntJntJg;ghd> cg;Gj;jd;ikahd kw;Wk; Fiwe;j mlHj;jpAk; nfhz;lJ.  [pg;uhy;lH [yre;jpapy;
kj;jpa jiuf;fly; ml;yhz;bf; flYld; rq;fkpf;Fk; NghJ> 1000 mb Moj;jpy; gy EhW iky;fs;
Jhuk; ml;yhz;bf; flYf;Fs; gazk; nra;fpd;wJ.  mt;thW gazk; nra;Ak; kj;jpa jiuf;fly;>
ntg;gk;> cg;Gj;jd;ik kw;Wk; mlHj;jp Mfpatw;wpy; ve;j khw;wKk; milahkNyNa jd;
gazj;ij ml;yhz;bf; flypDs; njhlHfpd;wJ. Moj;jpYk; kj;jpa jiuf;fly; jdJ jd;ikapy; khwhj
epiyiaNa ngw;wpUf;fpwJ.* (glk; 13). *Principles of Oceangraphy, Davis, p.93.

,jdpilNa ,U fly;fspYk; cz;lhFk; Nguiyfs;> rf;jptha;e;j ePNuhl;lq;fs; kw;Wk;

rpw;wiyfs; Nghd;wtw;wpd; jhf;fj;jhy; ve;j ghjpg;igAk; ,U fly;fspYk; cz;lhf;Ftjpy;iy. *
Principles of Oceangraphy, Davis, p.92-93.

,ijNa jpUkiwapy; ,iwtd;> fly;fSf;fpilNa mit re;jpf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; xU jLg;Gr; RtH

cz;L> MdhYk; mit xd;iwnahd;W kPw khl;lh! vd;W $Wfpd;whd;.  mjhtJ>
 ,U fly;fis - mit ,uz;Lk; xd;Nwhnlhd;W re;jpf;f mtNd tpl;L tpl;lhd;. (MapDk;)
mit ,uz;Lf;fpilapy; xU jLg;Gz;L: (mj; jLg;ghdij) mt;tpuz;Lk; kPwp tplhJ. (my; FHMd;:
55:19-20).

Mdhy;> NkNy ehk; ghHj;j ,iwtrdj;jpy; ,iwtd; flYk; flYk; re;jpf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; jLg;Gr;
RtH cz;L vdf; $wpa ,iwtd;> ey;y jz;zPH kw;Wk; fly; ePiug; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ>
mit ,uz;Lf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s jilapy; xU \kPw Kbahj jLg;ig| mikj;Js;Nshk; vdf;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;whd;. ,ijNa ,iwtd; jdJ jpUkiwf; FHMdpy;>

,d;Dk; mtd; vj;jifatnd;dwhy;> ,U fly;fisAk;  mtd; xd;W NrHj;jpUf;fpd;whd;:

(mjpy; xd;whd) ,J kpf;f kJukhdJ> jhfk; jPHf;ff; $baJ: (mjpy; kw;nwhd;whd) ,J
cg;Gf;fhpg;ghdJ> frg;ghdJ: ,t;tpuz;bw;Fkpilapy; (mit xd;nwhnlhd;W fye;jplhky;)
jpiuiaAk;> kPw Kbahj xU jiliaAk; mtd; Mf;fpapUf;fpd;whd;. (my; FHMd;.25:53).

jpUkiwahdJ> flYk; flYk; rq;fkpf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; mitapuz;Lf;Fk; ,ilNa xU jilia

Vw;gLj;jpAs;Nshk; vdf; $Wk; mNj Ntisapy;> flYk; ejpAk; (ey;y jz;zPH) fyf;Fk; NghJ
mitapuz;Lf;Fk; ,ilNa jpiuiaAk; mijaLj;J xU kPw Kbahj jiliaAk; VwgLj;jpAs;Nshk; vd
Vd; $w Ntz;Lk;? vd xUtH Nfs;tp vOg;g KbAk;.  ,jw;fhd gjpiy etPd mwptpayhsHfsplk;
jhd; Nfl;f Ntz;Lk;. mtHfs; $Wtijg; ghHg;Nghk;.

Figure 14: Longitudinal section showing salinity (parts per

thousand ‰) in an estuary.  We can see here the partition
(zone of separation) between the fresh and the salt water.
(Introductory Oceanography, Thurman, p. 301, with a slight
enhancement.)  (Click on the image to enlarge it.)

flYk; ejpAk; rq;fkpf;Fk; fopKfq;fspy; jq;fsJ Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhz;l

mwptpayhsHfs;> flYk; flYk; rq;fkpg;gjw;Fk;> flYk; ejpAk; rq;fkpg;gjw;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s
NtWghl;il mwpayhdhHfs;.  mjhtJ ,q;Nf jz;zPhpd; khWgl;l mlHj;jpapd; tpfpjk; xt;nthU
epiyapYk; khWgl;L> xU tpfpjj;jy; ,Ue;J ,d;ndhU tpfpjj;jpw;F khwf;$ba epiyapy;
mt;tpuz;L epiyfSf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l mjdjd; tpfpjj;ijg; gphpj;Jf; fhl;lf; $ba gFjp jhd;> ey;y
jz;zPiuAk;> fly; ePiuAk; gphpj;Jf; fhl;Lk; jpiuahfr; nray;gLtjhff; fz;lwpe;Js;shHfs;.*
,t;tpuz;L fly; ePH kw;Wk; ey;y jz;zPH Mfpatw;wpd; cg;Gj; jd;ikia tpl> ,t;tpuz;bw;Fk;
,ilg;gl;l gFjpapy; ,Uf;Fk; ePhpd; cg;Gj;jd;ikapd; mstpy; khWghLk; fhzg;gLtjhy;>**
jpUkiwapy; ,iwtd; $wpAs;sgb> fly; ePUf;Fk; ey;y jz;zPUf;FkpilNa jpiuiaAk;> kPw
Kbahj jiliaAk; ehk; Vw;gLj;jpAs;Nshk;> vd;w jpUkiwf; FHMdpd; trdk;
mwptpayhsHfshy; cz;ikg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. (glk; 14). *   - Oceabography, Gross, p.242. 
Also see Introductory Oceanography, Thurman, pp.300-301. ** - Oceanography, Gross,
p.244, and Introductory Oceanography, Thurman, pp.300-301.

Nkw;fz;l jfty;fs; ahTk; ,d;iwa etPd mwptpay; fUtpfspd; Jiz nfhz;L> ePhpd;
ntg;gk;> cg;Gj; jd;ik> mlHj;jp> kw;Wk; Mf;]p[d; fiuAk; msT Mfpatw;iwf; fz;Lgpbj;J
mtw;wpd; jfty;fspd; Jiz nfhz;L jhd; mwptpay; mwpQHfs; ,e;j NgUz;ikfisf;
fz;lwpe;Js;shHfs;.  NkYk; ,uz;L fly;fisAk; gphpf;Fk; jLg;ig kdpjf; fz;fs; nfhz;L fhz
KbahJ> flypd; Nkw;gug;G ahTk; xNu ePHg;gug;ghfj; jhd; ekf;Fj; Njhw;wkspf;Fk;. ,Nj
Nghy fopKfj; Jiwfspy; epd;W ftdpj;jhy; $l ey;y jz;zPH xU gphpthfNth> fly; ePH xU
gphpthfNth> ,it ,uz;Lf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l gFjp (Pycnocline zone) xU gphpthfNth ekf;Fj;
Njhw;wkspf;fhky;> xNu ePHg;gug;ghfj; jhd; ekf;Fj; Njhw;wkspf;Fk;.

fly; gazNk nra;jwpahj vk; ngUkhdhH (]y;) mtHfs; ,t;tsT Js;spjkhf flypd; jd;ikfs;
gw;wp vt;thW $w Kbe;jJ!!?  ek;ik tpaf;f itf;Fk; jpUkiwia mjd; mw;Gjq;fis ekJ rpe;jidf;F
toq;fpatd; ,e;j Nguz;lj;ijg; gilj;J ghpgf;Ftg;gLj;jp ghJfhj;J tUk; Vf ,iwNahdhfpa my;yh`;
my;yth!!!!! (MrphpaH