Short Message Operating Procedure

Short Message Operating Procedure
Abbreviations used
MWI Message waiting indicator
MWD Message waiting delivery
MWF Message waiting flag
MNRF Message not reachable flag
MCEF Memory capacity exceeded flag
MNRR Message not reachable reason
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SMSC Address
(ISDN, E.164)
Originator address Destination address

MSISDN-A MSISDN-B
Example – 1
Sending Short Message – Mobile Originating over
Short Message Relay Service Element (SM-MO over SMRSE)
OSi CCS7 CCS7
Stack Stack Stack
SMRSE MAP MAP DTAP
TCAP TCAP BSSAP

7
SCCP SCCP SCCP

4-6
X.25 MTP MTP MTP
IW/GMSC VMSC
SMSC BSS
OSi CCS7 CCS7
Stack Stack Stack
SMRSE MAP MAP DTAP
TCAP TCAP BSSAP

7
SCCP SCCP SCCP

4-6
X.25 MTP MTP MTP
IW/GMSC VMSC
SMSC BSS
OSi CCS7 CCS7
Stack Stack Stack
SMRSE MAP MAP DTAP
TCAP TCAP BSSAP

7
SCCP SCCP SCCP

4-6
X.25 MTP MTP MTP
IW/GMSC VMSC
SMSC BSS
OSi CCS7 CCS7
Stack Stack Stack
SMRSE MAP MAP DTAP
TCAP TCAP BSSAP

7
SCCP SCCP SCCP

4-6
X.25 MTP MTP MTP
IW/GMSC VMSC
SMSC BSS
VLR HLR
1 DX200 D
X200 DX200 DX200 DX200 DX200
VMSC SMS-IW/GMSC
MS-A SMSC
1 MS-A sends SM to VMSC via SDCCH a stand-alone

Dedicated Control Channel if MS is idle
2 or SACCH a slow Associated Control Channel if MS is

busy
3 Both use LAPDm, LAPD and BSSAP (DTAP)

signalling.
VLR HLR
1 DX200 D
X200 DX200 DX200 DX200 DX200
VMSC SMS-IW/GMSC
MS-A SMSC
2 VMSC checks MS-A data (T22 subscription, call

barring, ODBC) from VLR.
VLR HLR
3
1 DX200 D
X200 DX200 DX200 DX200 DX200
VMSC SMS-IW/GMSC
MS-A SMSC
• VMSC routes SM to SMS-Inter-Working Gateway MSC,

which does a GT analysis to get the SM Service Center
address.
VLR HLR
3
1 DX200 D
X200 DX200 DX200 DX200 DX200 4
VMSC SMS-IW/GMSC
MS-A SMSC
• SMS-IWMSC forwards SM to SMSC using

SMRSE, with X.25 or TCP/IP.
VLR HLR
3
1 DX200 D
X200 DX200 DX200 DX200 DX200 4
VMSC SMS-IW/GMSC 5
MS-A SMSC
• SMSC sends a delivery report to SMS-IWMSC via SMRSE, which

contains GT address of originating SMSC, VMSC, and MSISDN
of MS-A.
VLR HLR
3
1 DX200 D
X200 DX200 DX200 DX200 DX200 4
VMSC SMS-IW/GMSC 5
MS-A SMSC
• SMS-IWMSC forwards the delivery report to VMSC via MAP signalling.

• For this, SMS-IWMSC needs one GT analysis for every VMSC address.
• Each VMSC needs a GT analysis for its own GT address.
VLR HLR
3
1 DX200 D
X200 DX200 DX200 DX200 DX200 4
7 VMSC SMS-IW/GMSC 5
MS-A SMSC
• 7 VMSC forwards the delivery report to MS-A via SDCCH or SACCH.

• The delivery report confirms whether or not the SMSC received the SMS-
SUBMIT from the MS.
• Note: Steps 3 and 6 are not required if the VMSC and SMS-IWMSC are in
the same network element.
VMSC SMS-IWMSC SMS-GMSC
Step
Table 3. GT analyses required for sending an SM-MO over SMRSE
3 NP=E164, DIG= SMSC-ISDN NP=E164, DIG= SMSC-

IWMSC, RI=GT ISDN
IWMSC (own), RI=SSN
6 NP=E164, DIG= VMSC-ISDN NP=E164, DIG= VMSC-ISDN

VMSC (own), RI=SSN VMSC, RI=GT
Sending SM-MO over MAP with CCS7
link
VLR HLR
1 D X 20 0 DX 20 0 D X 200
VMSC SMSC
M S -A
1 MS-A sends SM to VMSC via SDCCH or SACCH.
VLR HLR
1 D X 20 0 DX 20 0 D X 200
VMSC SMSC
M S -A
2 VMSC checks MS-A data from VLR.
VLR HLR
3
1 D X 20 0 DX 20 0 D X 200
VMSC SMSC
M S -A
3 VMSC routes SM directly to SMSC. One GT analysis is

required in VMSC to route SM to SMSC. SMSC needs a
GT analysis for incoming SMs
VLR HLR
3
1 D X 20 0 DX 20 0 D X 200
VMSC SMSC
M S -A
4 SMSC sends a delivery report to VMSC, using VMSC ISDN as the

destination address. VMSC needs a GT analysis for its own GT
address.
VLR HLR
3
1 D X 20 0 DX 20 0 D X 200
5 VMSC SMSC
M S -A
5 VMSC sends a delivery report to MS-A via SDCCH or

SACCH.
VMSC SMSC
Step Table 4. GT analyses required for sending an SM-MO over MAP with a CCS7 link
3 NP=E164, DIG= SMSC-ISDN NP=E164, DIG= SMSC-ISDN

SMSC, RI=GT SMSC (own), RI=SSN

VMSC (own), RI=SSN VMSC, RI=GT
Sending SM-MT over SMRSE
HLR VLR
DX 20 0 DX 200 D X 20 0 DX 2 00 D X 200
DX 200
S M S -G M S C VMSC
SM SC M S -B
1 SMSC sends SM to SMS-GMSC over

SMRSE.
HLR VLR
DX 20 0 DX 200 D X 20 0 DX 2 00 D X 200
DX 200
S M S -G M S C VMSC
SM SC M S -B
2 SMS-GMSC requests the VMSC address for MSISDN-B from HLR. HLR returns the
MS-B IMSI and VMSC address.
HLR VLR
3
DX 20 0 DX 200 D X 20 0 DX 2 00 D X 200
DX 200
S M S -G M S C VMSC
SM SC M S -B
3 SMS-GMSC routes SM to VMSC, based on the VMSC address

information received from HLR.
HLR VLR
2 7 4
5
DX 20 0 DX 200 D X 20 0 DX 2 00 D X 200
DX 200
1
6
S M S -G M S C VMSC
SM SC M S -B
4 On the basis of MS-B IMSI, VMSC requests

the status and location of MS-B from VLR.
HLR VLR
2 7 4
5
DX 20 0 DX 200 D X 20 0 DX 2 00 D X 200
DX 200
1
6
S M S -G M S C VMSC
SM SC M S -B
5 If MS-B is in idle mode, the VMSC pages MS-B. When VMSC receives a paging response, it
sends SM to MS-B via the SDCCH of the BTS where MS-B is located. When MS-B receives
SM, it sends a delivery report to VMSC. If MS is in busy mode, VMSC sends SM via
SACCH. If MS-B is out of coverage and does not respond to paging, or if it answers that it
cannot receive more SMs, VLR sends a negative delivery report.
HLR VLR
2 7 4
5
DX 20 0 DX 200 D X 20 0 DX 2 00 D X 200
DX 200
1
6
S M S -G M S C VMSC
SM SC M S -B
6 VMSC sends a delivery report to SMS-GMSC.

VMSC needs a GT analysis to route the report to SMS-GMSC.
SMS-GMSC needs a GT analysis to receive the report.
HLR VLR
2 7 4
5
DX 20 0 DX 200 D X 20 0 DX 2 00 D X 200
DX 200
1
6
S M S -G M S C VMSC
SM SC M S -B
7 SMS-GMSC sends the delivery report to HLR. HLR sends an acknowledgement

for the delivery report to SMS-GMSC.
HLR VLR
2 7 4
5
DX 20 0 DX 200 D X 20 0 DX 2 00 D X 200
DX 200
1
6
8
S M S -G M S C VMSC
SM SC M S -B
8 SMS-GMSC sends a delivery report to SMSC to confirm that MS-B received

the SM, or to inform SMSC that the SM delivery was unsuccessful, and states the
reason. When SMSC receives the SM, it is deleted from SMSC
Sending SM-MT over SMRSE
Step SMS-GMSC HLR VMSC
2a NP=E164, DIG= MSISDN-B NP=E164, DIG= MSISDN-B

HLR, RI=GT HLR (own), RI=SSN
2b NP=E164, DIG= GMSC NP=E164, DIG= GMSC

GMSC (own), RI=SSN GMSC, RI=GT

VMSC, RI=GT VMSC (own), RI=SSN
6 NP=E164, DIG= SMSC-ISDN NP=E164, DIG= SMSC-ISDN

GMSC (own), RI=SSN GMSC , RI=GT
7a NP=E164, DIG= HLR-ISDN NP=E164, DIG= HLR-ISDN
7b NP=E164, DIG= GMSC NP=E164, DIG= GMSC
(=2b) GMSC(own), RI=SSN GMSC, RI=GT
Sending SM-MT over MAP with CCS7 link
(STUDENTS TO TELL WHAT HAPPENS!)
HLR VLR
1 7 3
4
DX 2 0 0 D X 200 D X 200
6
SM SC VM SC
5
M S -B
1 SMSC requests a VLR address from HLR and
HLR VLR
1 7 3
4
DX 2 0 0 D X 200 D X 200
6
SM SC VM SC
5
M S -B
2 SMSC routes SM directly to VMSC.
HLR VLR
1 7 3
4
DX 2 0 0 D X 200 D X 200
6
SM SC VM SC
5
M S -B
3 When VMSC receives SM, it requests MS-B location

and status from VLR/CMU, using MS-B IMSI.
HLR VLR
1 7 3
4
DX 2 0 0 D X 200 D X 200
6
SM SC VM SC
5
M S -B
4 VMSC pages MS . When the VMSC receives a paging response, it sends SM

to MS-B via SDCCH or ******* of the BTS at which MS-B is located.
HLR VLR
1 7 3
4
DX 2 0 0 D X 200 D X 200
6
SM SC VM SC
5
M S -B
5 When MS-B receives SM, it sends a delivery

report to VMSC.
HLR VLR
1 7 3
4
DX 2 0 0 D X 200 D X 200
6
SM SC VM SC
5
M S -B
6 VMSC sends the delivery report directly to SMSC.
HLR VLR
1 7 3
4
DX 2 0 0 D X 200 D X 200
6
SM SC VM SC
5
M S -B
7 SMSC forwards the delivery status report to HLR, which returns

an acknowledgement to SMSC
Step smsc HLR VMSC
NP=E164, DIG= MSISDN-B NP=E164, DIG= MSISDN-B

NP=E164, DIG= SMSC-ISDN NP=E164, DIG=SMSC-ISDN

SMSC, RI=SSN SMSC, RI=GT
NP=E164, DIG= VMSC- NP=E164, DIG= VMSC-

ISDN ISDN
SMSC, RI=GT VMSC (own), RI=SSN
NP=E164, DIG= SMSC-ISDN NP=E164, DIG= SMSC-ISDN
SMSC (own), RI=SSN SMSC , RI=GT
NP=E164, DIG= HLR-ISDN NP=E164, DIG= HLR-ISDN

NP=E164, DIG= SMSC-ISDN NP=E164, DIG= SMSC-ISDN

SMSC (own), RI=SSN SMSC, RI=GT
MWD = SMS Address IMSI-B
MNRF = ON MNRF = ON
HLR VLR
3 4 1
2 Unsuccesful
delivery
DX 200 DX 2 00 DX 200 DX 200 DX 20 0 DX 200
attempt
5
SMS-GMSC VMSC
SMSC MS-B
Absent subscriber process
MNRF = ON MNRF = ON
HLR VLR
3 4 1
2 Unsuccesful
delivery
DX 200 DX 2 00 DX 200 DX 200 DX 20 0 DX 200
attempt
5
SMS-GMSC VMSC
SMSC MS-B
1 When a VMSC's VLR finds MS-B to be absent, an

MNRF flag for this subscriber is set.
MNRF = ON MNRF = ON
HLR VLR
3 4 1
2 Unsuccesful
delivery
DX 200 DX 2 00 DX 200 DX 200 DX 20 0 DX 200
attempt
5
SMS-GMSC VMSC
SMSC MS-B
2 VMSC reports the delivery failure to SMS-GMSC, stating

the reason for the delivery failure
MNRF = ON MNRF = ON
HLR VLR
3 4 1
2 Unsuccesful
delivery
DX 200 DX 2 00 DX 200 DX 200 DX 20 0 DX 200
attempt
5
SMS-GMSC VMSC
SMSC MS-B
3 SMS-GMSC sends a ReportSMDeliveryStatus message to HLR,

stating the reason for the error.
HLR turns on the MNRF flag for the subscriber and enters the
SMSC address in the MWD.
MNRF = ON MNRF = ON
HLR VLR
3 4 1
2 Unsuccesful
delivery
DX 200 DX 2 00 DX 200 DX 200 DX 20 0 DX 200
attempt
5
SMS-GMSC VMSC
SMSC MS-B
4 HLR sends acknowledgement to SMS-GMSC

and provides the MSISDN to be alerted for.
MNRF = ON MNRF = ON
HLR VLR
3 4 1
2 Unsuccesful
delivery
DX 200 DX 2 00 DX 200 DX 200 DX 20 0 DX 200
attempt
5
SMS-GMSC VMSC
SMSC MS-B
5 SMS-GMSC sends a delivery error message, stating the reason code

and the MSISDN to be alerted for, to SMSC. SMSC puts MSISDN into
an MSISDN queue to be alerted for, and begins resending SM at
intervals.
AlertSC
The AlertSC procedure, informs the SMSC
that the MS is no longer absent.
AlertSC is used in addition to resending SMs.
1
MNRF = OFF MNRF = OFF
2
HLR VLR
3 5 1
DX 20 0 DX 200 DX 200 DX 200 DX 2 00 DX 200
SMS-IWMSC VMSC
SMSC MS-B
1 VMSC's VLR sends a ReadyForSM message containing MS-B’s

IMSI and alert reason to HLR to inform HLR that MS is active.
1
2
HLR VLR
3 5 1
DX 20 0 DX 200 DX 200 DX 200 DX 2 00 DX 200
SMS-IWMSC VMSC
SMSC MS-B
2 HLR sends acknowledgement to VLR. The MNRF

flag is reset in HLR and VLR.
1
2
HLR VLR
3 5 1
DX 20 0 DX 200 DX 200 DX 200 DX 2 00 DX 200
SMS-IWMSC VMSC
SMSC MS-B
3 HLR sends an AlertSC message containing the SMSC

address and MSISDN to be alerted for, to SMS-IWMSC.
1
2
HLR VLR
3 5 1
DX 20 0 DX 200 DX 200 DX 200 DX 2 00 DX 200
SMS-IWMSC VMSC
SMSC MS-B
4 SMS-IWMSC forwards the AlertSC message to SMSC
1
2
HLR VLR
3 5 1
DX 20 0 DX 200 DX 200 DX 200 DX 2 00 DX 200
SMS-IWMSC VMSC
SMSC MS-B
5 SMS-IWMSC sends acknowledgement to

HLR.
1
2
HLR VLR
3 5 1
DX 20 0 DX 200 DX 200 DX 200 DX 2 00 DX 200
SMS-IWMSC VMSC
SMSC MS-B
1
2
HLR VLR
3 5 1
DX 20 0 DX 200 DX 200 DX 200 DX 2 00 DX 200
SMS-IWMSC VMSC
SMSC MS-B
GPRS INTERFACES
Gb between SGSN and BSC, to carry GPRS traffic and signalling between the
GSM network (BSS) and SGSN in the GPRS network
Gn between SGSN and GGSN in the GPRS network, to provide a data and
signalling interface using GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP) over an IP based
backbone network
Gr between SGSN and HLR, to provide the SGSN access to subscriber information
in the HLR (uses MAP of SS7)
Gi between GGSN and the external network
Um between an MS and GPRS network (GSM uses the same interface with some
GPRS specific changes)
1 SMSC sends SM-MT.
2 GMSC requests routing information from HLR
3 HLR returns SGSN and VMSC addresses subscriber to check subscriber
has both GSM and GPRS subscription.
4 Assuming no GPRS subscription SMS-GMSC tries to deliver SM-MT
via SGSN (primary route).
5 SGSN sends negative acknowledgement because the subscriber is not
reachable via GPRS.
6 SMS-GMSC tries to deliver SM-MT via MSC (secondary route).
7 MSC sends positive acknowledgement because
SM-MT was delivered successfully.
8 Successful delivery via MSC/VLR is reported to HLR.
9 HLR acknowledges the receipt of a successful delivery report.
10 SMS-GMSC acknowledges SM-MT delivery to SMSC.
1 The SMSC requests MT SM delivery, with primary route
indicator=SGSN.
short_message_delivery_request (primary route=SGSN)
2 The SMS-GMSC requests the routing information for the MT-
SM from the HLR indicating ‘SMS-GMSC supports GPRS’
MAP-Send-Routing-Info-for-SM-req (SMS-GMSC supports

GPRS).
3 The HLR sends two addresses to the SMS-GMSC : the
VMSC and SGSN addresses.
MAP-Send-Routing-Info-for-SM-rsp (MSC address,
SGSN address)
4 Since the route indicator received from SMSC tells that the GPRS
network is the primary route, the SMS-GMSC first tries to deliver
the MT-SM via the GPRS network using the SGSN address received.
MAP-MT-forward-SM-req
5 MT-SM delivery was unsuccessful via GPRS network because the
subscriber is detached.
The SMS-GMSC receives the reason for unsuccessful delivery.
MAP-MT-forward-SM-rsp (Absent: GPRS detached)
6 The SMS-GMSC tries to deliver the SM-MT via the VMSC,
The secondary route.
MAP-MT-forward-SM-req
7 The MT-SM is successfully delivered to the VMSC.
Successful_SM_delivery
8 The VMSC informs the SMS-GMSC about the successful delivery of the
SM-MT.
MAP-MT-forward-SM-rsp
9 SMS-GMSC reports the delivery status informing the HLR that the MT-SM was
successfully delivered via the VMSC and failed via GPRS network because the subscriber
was absent.
10 The HLR acknowledges the report. MAP-report-SM-delivery-Status-rsp
11 The SMS-GMSC informs the SMSC that the SM-MT delivery was successful.
short_message_delivery_rsp (successful delivery
IN-SMS
General
IN-SMS allows you to improve restricted mobility services, create new
services based on SMS control, and manage the interaction between
GSM and IN services.
IN-SMS is made possible by the use of Triggering Detection Points

(TDP), Event Detection Points (EDP), and an INAP interface.
For example, Triggering Detection Points (TDP) and Event Detection

Points (EDP) enable prepaid charging, the subscriber to block SMs
from a particular source, and forward incoming SMs to another user.
Triggering Detection Points
SMS TDPs (MO-, MT-, and Status Report) and Event Detection
Points (EDPs) enable IN-SMS, to
Forward to the SM to another user
Enabling a user to block an SM from a particular source.
Enabling the SCP to request the SSP to send a report about the SM
transfer, so making possible prepaid charging.
The TDPs for IN-SMS are located in the VMSC.

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Short Message Operating Procedure

Originator address Destination address

SMRSE MAP MAP DTAP

TCAP TCAP BSSAP

SCCP SCCP SCCP

X.25 MTP MTP MTP

SMRSE MAP MAP DTAP

TCAP TCAP BSSAP

SCCP SCCP SCCP

X.25 MTP MTP MTP

SMRSE MAP MAP DTAP

TCAP TCAP BSSAP

SCCP SCCP SCCP

X.25 MTP MTP MTP

SMRSE MAP MAP DTAP

TCAP TCAP BSSAP

SCCP SCCP SCCP

X.25 MTP MTP MTP

1 MS-A sends SM to VMSC via SDCCH a stand-alone

2 or SACCH a slow Associated Control Channel if MS is

3 Both use LAPDm, LAPD and BSSAP (DTAP)

2 VMSC checks MS-A data (T22 subscription, call

• VMSC routes SM to SMS-Inter-Working Gateway MSC,

• SMS-IWMSC forwards SM to SMSC using

• SMSC sends a delivery report to SMS-IWMSC via SMRSE, which

• SMS-IWMSC forwards the delivery report to VMSC via MAP signalling.

• 7 VMSC forwards the delivery report to MS-A via SDCCH or SACCH.

3 NP=E164, DIG= SMSC-ISDN NP=E164, DIG= SMSC-

6 NP=E164, DIG= VMSC-ISDN NP=E164, DIG= VMSC-ISDN

1 MS-A sends SM to VMSC via SDCCH or SACCH.

2 VMSC checks MS-A data from VLR.

3 VMSC routes SM directly to SMSC. One GT analysis is

4 SMSC sends a delivery report to VMSC, using VMSC ISDN as the

5 VMSC sends a delivery report to MS-A via SDCCH or

3 NP=E164, DIG= SMSC-ISDN NP=E164, DIG= SMSC-ISDN

4 NP=E164, DIG= VMSC-ISDN NP=E164, DIG= VMSC-ISDN

1 SMSC sends SM to SMS-GMSC over

3 SMS-GMSC routes SM to VMSC, based on the VMSC address

4 On the basis of MS-B IMSI, VMSC requests

6 VMSC sends a delivery report to SMS-GMSC.

7 SMS-GMSC sends the delivery report to HLR. HLR sends an acknowledgement

8 SMS-GMSC sends a delivery report to SMSC to confirm that MS-B received

Step SMS-GMSC HLR VMSC

2a NP=E164, DIG= MSISDN-B NP=E164, DIG= MSISDN-B

2b NP=E164, DIG= GMSC NP=E164, DIG= GMSC

3 NP=E164, DIG= VMSC-ISDN NP=E164, DIG= VMSC-ISDN

6 NP=E164, DIG= SMSC-ISDN NP=E164, DIG= SMSC-ISDN

1 SMSC requests a VLR address from HLR and

2 SMSC routes SM directly to VMSC.

3 When VMSC receives SM, it requests MS-B location

4 VMSC pages MS . When the VMSC receives a paging response, it sends SM

5 When MS-B receives SM, it sends a delivery

6 VMSC sends the delivery report directly to SMSC.

7 SMSC forwards the delivery status report to HLR, which returns

NP=E164, DIG= MSISDN-B NP=E164, DIG= MSISDN-B

NP=E164, DIG= SMSC-ISDN NP=E164, DIG=SMSC-ISDN

NP=E164, DIG= VMSC- NP=E164, DIG= VMSC-

NP=E164, DIG= HLR-ISDN NP=E164, DIG= HLR-ISDN

NP=E164, DIG= SMSC-ISDN NP=E164, DIG= SMSC-ISDN

Absent subscriber process

1 When a VMSC's VLR finds MS-B to be absent, an

2 VMSC reports the delivery failure to SMS-GMSC, stating

3 SMS-GMSC sends a ReportSMDeliveryStatus message to HLR,