Nigel secondary School

Grade 11 – life Science

Date: __________________________________

The Anatomy of Dicotyledonous Plants:

Two types of root systems:

Differences:

Fibrous roots:
___________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

The two main FUNCTIONS of roots:

1. ________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________________________________

EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF A ROOT TIP

Labelling:

The Five main regions of the root tip:

1
 1. ___________________________________
• Made up of _____________________________ cells
• Function: ______________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________
• Made up of _____________________________ cells
• Active when? ___________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________
• Cells come from ____________________________

4. ___________________________________
• Characterised by: ________________________________________________
• Function of the above mentioned:
_____________________________________________________
• In this region cells begin to: _________________________
• Examples of mature tissues:
o _____________________________
o _____________________________
o _____________________________
o _____________________________
o _____________________________
• Also called the region of _________________________________

5. ___________________________________
• Characterised by:
o _________________________________________________________
o _________________________________________________________

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF A YOUNG DICOTYLEDONOUS ROOT

Transverse section of a young dicotyledonous root, in plan:

Labelling:

Transverse section of a young dicotyledonous root, in detail:

Labelling:

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The THREE regions of a dicotyledonous plant under a microscope:

1. ______________________
• Made up of a single layer of _____________________________________________
• Has NO _____________________
• What finger-like outgrowths occur on the epidermis? _________________________
• Function of the root hairs:
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. ______________________
• Lies within the __________________________
• Cortex is made up of:
o ________________________________
o ________________________________
• Caparian strip:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
• Passage cells:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
• Functions of the passage cells:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. ______________________
• Also called: ______________________________________
• Stele is made up of:
o Xylem:
___________________________________________________________________________
o Phloem tissue:
___________________________________________________________________________
o Vascular cambium:
___________________________________________________________________________
o Pericycle:
___________________________________________________________________________

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A root hair enlarged:
Labelling:

List FOUR ways in which a root can be identified from its internal structure:
Root Stem

The functions of various root tissues:

• The root hairs and epidermis:
________________________________________________________________
• Parenchyma of the cortex:
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
• The passage cells of the endodermis:
__________________________________________________________
• Phloem:
_________________________________________________________________________________
• Vascular cambium:
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

Give the biological term for each of the following:

1. Roots that arise from any other part of a plant except the radical of the embryo:
_______________________
2. The protective layer of cells around the tip of the root:
____________________________________________
3. Finger-like outgrowths of the epidermis of roots:
________________________________________________
4. A band of tissue along the inner radial walls of endodermal cells:
___________________________________
5. The tissue that gives rise to side roots:
_________________________________________________________

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