UPPER EXTREMITY II

DR. SANJEEV
 TOPICS
 RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY OF FOREARM &
ELBOW JOINT

 RADIOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY FOREARM
RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY OF ELBOW
JOINT
 FOREARM : AP PROJECTION
 Patient Position:
seated close and
low to table.

 Part position:
hand-
elbow-
 Cassette
 Central ray
 EVALUATION CRITERIA
 Wrist and distal
humerus

 Radial head, neck &

tuberosity
 Humeral epicondyles

 Elbow joint

 Density
 FOREARM: LATERAL PROJECTION
 Patient position

 Part position: elbow

flex at 90 degrees
True lateral position
Thumb side-up
 Cassette

 Central ray
 EVALUATION CRITERIA
 Radius & ulna
superimpose at
distal end

 Radial head –
 Radial tuberosity

 Humeral epicondyles
 Soft tissue & bony

trabeculations
 ELBOW: AP PROJECTION
 Patient position

 Part position

 Centre of cassette

 Central ray
 EVALUATION CRITERIA
 Radial head,neck &
tuberosity

 Elbow joint

 Humeral
epicondyles

 Soft tissue & bony

trabeculations.
 ELBOW : MEDIAL OBLIQUE
 Patient position

 Part position:
Pronate hand,
elbow: anterior
surface at angle of
40-45 deg.

 Central ray
 EVALUATION CRITERIA
 Coronoid process

 Medial epicondyle

 Olecranon process
 ELBOW: LATERAL OBLIQUE
 Patient position

 Part position:Rotate
hand laterally

 Posterior surface at
angle of 40 deg.
 Centre of cassette
 Central ray
 EVALUATION CRITERIA
 Radial head,neck &
tuberosity

 Elbow joint

 Soft tissue and

bony trabeculation
ELBOW: LATERAL PROJECTION
 Patient position

 Part position: flex

elbow 90 deg.
True lateral position
 Cassette

 Central ray
 EVALUATION CRITERIA
 Elbow joint

 Humeral
epicondyles
 Radial tuberosity
 Olecranon process
 Fat pads
 ELBOW: AXIAL PROJECTION –DISTAL
HUMERUS
 Patient position

 Part position

 Centre of cassette:
little above
epicondyloid area
of humerus
 Central ray
 EVALUATION CRITERIA
 Forearm & humerus

 No rotation

 Olecranon process
& distal humerus

 Soft tissue
AXIAL PROJECTION-PROXIMAL
FOREARM
 AXIAL PROJECTION: OLECRANON
PROCESS
 Patient position:
rest forearm,with
vertical arm
 Part position: arm

at angle of 45-50
deg., supinate hand
 Centre of cassette
 Central ray: angled

20 deg.
 EVALUATION CRITERIA
 Olecranon process

 Soft tissue

 Forearm & humerus

 No rotation
 HUMERUS: AP PROJECTION
 Patient position:
upper margin of
film
 Part

position:coronal
plane passing
through
epicondyles II
 Central ray
 EVALUATION CRITERIA
 Elbow & shoulder
joint

 Humerus in true AP
position

 Partially close elbow

joint
HUMERUS: LATERAL PROJECTION
 Patient position
 Part position:

coronal plane
passing through
epicondyles, at
right angles with
plane of film.

 Central ray
 EVALUATION CRITERIA
 Elbow & shoulder
joint

 Humerus in true
lateral position

 Partially close elbow

joint
THANK YOU