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SCBro B nno'rs AO 1941 rona 6bl110 Y'1p8>K,QeHO urecru rOCY,QapcTs8HHblX Harpaa - TPM OPAeHS M TPH M8ABnM. H 806xoAMMO OTMeTVlTb, '11"0 K roCY,QapCTS8HHbIM aarpanav S CCCP OTHOCVlI1VlCb I1MWb re 3HaKW OTJlH'1I1.11 ,KOTOPble 6blllW Y4pe>K,ll,eHbl BepXOBHblM COBeTOM, W HSrpa)K,!l,8HVle KOTOPbIMl<1 np0l<13BOAVlI10Cb YKB30M npe" 3WAVlYMS BepXOBHoro COS8Ta,. w,nVl >t<e npaKB3aMH HeKOTOPblX MVlHHCT8pCTS.

BViIOHe 1941 rona HaLJBnSCb Bell VlKa>l OTBLJeCTBeH.Ha>l BoiliHa, S KOTOpoili6bln npOA8MOHCTPll1POSBH MaccOBblC:; r8pOVl3M COSeTCKIt1X mOA81ii H8 TQflbKO Ha¢poHTe, HO VI B TblflY. B TOT TparVlLJeCKI>1i1,!l,!ll1 CTpBHbl ron HeMHOr0'1,II1CfleHHbI8 Harpa)K,QeHVlI1 npouaBOAVlflVlCb nepSblMvr coseTCKIIIMV1 OPAeHaMIII.

nepSblM B08HHbiM OPA8HOM cran opA8H OT8LJ8CTS8HHOlii BoiliHbl, Y'1P8>K,Q8HH'bllii 20 MaR 1942 rona,

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B TOM xe 1942 rony CTMIi1H peWIi1I1Bep" HyrbCS1 K liICTOpV1'leCKoC:; TPBAHU,V1111 H yraepAHn cepmo OPAeHOS, HOCV1BWIllX HMeHa pyCCKHX JlereHAapHblx nonxoaonuea. 3TIi1 weCTb uarpar; nOJlY'IHJlIll COB8TCKHe BTPW- 6yrbl 1-1 TPElAHLI,lII0HHbie pyccxue KOnOAKII1, o6nmyrble OPAeHcKoi:1 n8HTOiiI,

B,cero aa rO.,QbIBOHHI:oI ,B· CCCP 61:01110 Y'lpe>kAeHO 1 0 op,Q.e.HOB.1iI 21 MeAal1b. B TOM ·utc.ne COJ1,QaTcKlld'i oPAeH - Op,QeH CnaBbl.

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B 1956 ropy 60I188 ncnyropa TblCfI'l con,QaT V1 o¢Hu,epOB Cosarcxoa APM~W 5blnw HSrpB>K,QeHbl OPD,8HOM Cnasu TpeTb8i1 CTell8HII1 3S nOD,8s.n8HlI1e ~KOHTPp8B0I1fOu,V10HI-IOrO MS1Te>Ka» B BeHrpliIl.1., OpAeHOM Kyry80sa nepeoa CTeneHIiI3a «Be.HrepCKYIO aKLI,I-1IO" 6bln I-ISrpa)l(,lJ,eH Mapwall BacV1.nI-1'~ AaHlIIllOalil'l COKO.nOSCKW·C:;,

C 1980 no 1 989 rO,Qbl BPY'lMWCb opnesa Kpacuoro 3H8MeHIiI W KpacHoiil 3Be3,!l,bl (KSK aa nonsar, TaK 1-1 aa paHeH ue), a T8K>Ke M8,QaIlb 301l0Tafi 3S83,!l,S repoS1 COll,!l,aT8M III ocpwu,epaM, BblnOI1HflBWHM"CSO.i1 V1HT8pHaLJ,1-10HSJlbHbliil Aon r" S A8MoKpaTw18cKOiii P8cny6Jlll1Ke A¢raHHcTaH.

B 3TOT 1K8 nepnon op,Qe.HaMH 6blJl.0 npII1HS1TO HsrpB)K,QBTb Y4pe/KAeHlilfl, npennpIIIIUIi1>l, YLJe6 Hble aa aene HIIII1, 8 TSKIK8 repose 008eTCKoro cnopra. 60JlbWVlHCTBO V13 Hio'IX yD,OC'TaIil8MIiICb «OpA8Ha 11eHI1H8». CpeD,V1 HSrpa>KAeHHbIX 3TLIIM OpD,eHOM - Sbl.o,a1OLUV18CI'I cnopTCM8Hbl: cpYT50m'1CT Jlea SiWIIIIH, TpeXKpSTHbl11 Oflli1M nll1 iilc KIi1 iii 'leMnMOH xoxxewcr BJlaAIIICflaa Tperes«.

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neXpemOM 1I0~ gpaBHeHUU BeeX cnglKawuKB npauaxn 1917 20ga ObillU omMeHeHbl Rce opgeHa, Meganu U UUbie 3n3MU omnU~UA PoceuiieMoii UMnepuu. CmpaHaHa~UHana HDRglO IKU3Hb .. Tp32u~eeKglO U 2epDu~ecKglO. HOBbie Ha2pagbl cmanu BOnnOllteHUeM HO:BbIK, m02ga elite He Hanne3H,HblK, Cmp3HUQ ucmopuu.

B nepliIOA C 1917 no 1918 ron B KaLJe" crae noOwpeHv!S1 aa repoi'icKlI18 rrocrynxn apY'18JlV1 nBMI1THble BeLUIiI, Vl3aecTHbie sce·C:; crpase no ¢HflbMY "OcplIIl\epbl» ~KpBcHble peaon 1Ol\V10HHble urapoaapu» 6bllllll1il3 [.1X 'llilClla. Ho YlKe e 1918 rcny B paarap rpa>K,Q8HCKoiiieoi'lHbl OCTpO BCT8n aonooc o p83pa60TKe iii Bse,QBH.HIII HOBblX Harpa,Q ,QJlS1 noow,peHII1f1 60iiiu,os Ii1 KOMaH,Q.liIpoB HeABBHO c03,QaHHo,iIi, Pa6oCle"KpecTbS1HCKOC:; KpacHo(;i APMI1I11 ..

nl1Tbliii BcepocclI1i1cKliliii csean COBeTos, npouienuraaa MocKes B HIOJle 1918 rOD,B, yraepA"l.n HoayfO 3M611 eMY PKKA. iElO CTMS KpaCHaS1 3a83D,a.

A 1'6 ceHTS16pfl '918 rona BU.II1K CaOIi1M AeKpeToM yrS8p,,QII1Jl. iii nepabliii coseTcKliliii OPAeH - Op,QeH Kpacaoa 3HaMS1. VIM, B TOM 'lV1cne H80,QHOKpaTHO, uarpaxnan» repoea rpS>K,QaHCKOiii aoiiiHbl.

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nOcn8,QHe8 npV1CBoeH'V1e 3BaHV1S1 repOfl CCCP COCTO>lnOCb B 1991 roAY ao apeM>l "asrYCTOBCKoro nyrYa". Bblcweili Harpa,o,bl CTPSHbl YAOCTO[.1nIi1Cb rpoe 3SUlHTHlIIKOB «Benoro D,OMa", norV16wlIIe non 6pOHe'rpaacnoprspov Ha sueane 1II3ryHHeflS1 nOA Hoaoap6aTCKHM MOCTOM.

n poaan fKY n V1 pacnan CCCP 03HaM eHosanlil npexpauteuae AeiiicT8l1tl1 C08.eTCKoiii HarpaAHQiii CIi1CTeMbl, npocvuiecreoaaaurea 73 rOAB. 60nbWltlHCTSO OP,Q8H08 6blflH OTMeHeHbl, HO H8KOTOPbl8 ace >K8 sourna B naH'T80H aarpan POCClo1iiiCKOi1 ¢eD,epau,V1Lo1 .

ComaCHO YKa,syBepxoBHoro CoeeTa pel) OT 20 MapTa 1992 rena ,B HOBO.it HarpaAHoi'1 Cl.IIcreMe coXpaHRnl.llCb nRTb 60eBbix oPAeHoB CCCP (oPAeHa CyBOpoaa, KyrysoBa, AlleKcaHApa HeBCKo~ ro, YwaKoBa 1.11 H.axIIIMoBa). MeAanb 30noTaS! 3Be3Aa 6bllla BOCCTaHOBneHa B Ka'leCTBe 3HaKa oco6oro OTIl'III'1I11S! K 3BaHIolIO repoC:; POCCIllIol.

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Ha ceroAHRwH'I.II" AeHb HarpaAHaR CIolCTeMa POCCI-!Iol COAep>KVlT nRTHaA.u,.an. OPAeHOB 1.11 OAIIIH 3HaK ocoeoro OTI1L11''I"I'I.

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B Cnellll1aJlbHolit naMIHKe non Ha3saHlI1eM .. '"lTD raxoe op.o.eH Kpacaoro 3HaMeHII1 111 KTO ero HOCIIIT?» roaopwiocs, 'HO OPAeHOM HarpIDKABJOT conaara PeB011JOL\I'1!11 aa xpa6pOCTb 111 6833Se8THYJO npeABHHOCTb Pa60'"lB-KpBCTbRHCKOiii snacru.

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R fibl npegnollUfl 3HaKU omnulluA gnA omgenbHblx qacmeii U gnR omgenbHbl1l mOBapUlueu npuHAmbil. PaCnOpAJlleHUe gqpegumb opgeH KpacHoe 3HaMA C aHHpeBuamgpoii pewep .OblUlflO B 1918 20gy.

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«paCKa3aYI<1 sa H ,iii 1'1 » OTKPblTO 8101 CTy n VlJ1 nporua coserceoa SIlaCTIiI,

B peavnsrare, a MapTe roro )!(e rona MI<1,POHOS ObJn OTCTpaHeH' OT ¢OpMV1pOBaHVl51 KpBCHoapMe'~CKV1X xacrea V13 Ka3aKOS. BToporo anpens 1921 rO)J.8, H8V13S8CTHO OT Ybei.1 pyKI'I nOKpOS!>1Tenb Ka3aKOB cDV111l1nn MV1pOHOB norV10.

Pa30'lapOBanCH B COBeTcKo~ BnaCTVI V1 euie O.o.IIIH «aaanep opaeaa - Hecrop VlsaHOBWl MaXHO. 0 Harpa)!(AeHV1111 ,,3Ha" MBHeM" ,,6BTbKltl»,Q0 GiIlX nop ,A III CKYTV1 PY10T ltlCrOpVlK!>1. EMY npltlnl1CblSalOT OPAeH C HOMBPOM '1eTblp8, 38 S351TVle ero OTPI'l.o.8M'1II ropoaa Map!>1ynoJ1ll, 3TO Vl3MeHltlnO 06C1aH'OSKY Ha ¢pOHTe S nOllb:;)y KpaCHoiil ApMLtlV1 - B 10 speMR OTPH)J.bl aHapxMCT8 M8XHO O¢MII.LtIanbHO SXOA.IiIJ1Lt1 s Be COCTas.

BOT BocnOMI<1HaHl11'1 S,QOBbl Hec ropa Maxuo: «Hacrop 6blJl.o.eiilcTSl<1TBJlbHO Harpa}l(,QeH op,QeHOM KpaCHoro 3HBMBHVI. Korna 8TO cnY'1!1l!lOCb, 1'1 He nOMHIO ,HO opnea nOMHIO OY8Hb xopouio: OH 6blJ1 H8 ,D,JlV1HHOM B,VlHTB, ero nonaranccs HOCI<1Tb, nposonoa e8pXH 1010 O)J.B}I(,D,Y ,HO Hecrop He nansaan ero HI<1KOr na, XPBHIiIJlCI'I OH Y M8HH, a BOSpeMI'I 6erCTea nOOpOCBJlI'1 Bce S8LL1V1, SI'1,1l,!IIMO, cpe,o,VI HVlXIII Op,Q8H " , 3Tltl CIl08a nO,ll,TSep>K.o.aIOTCH O,o,HBKO, nl'1LJ.J.b coxpaHIIIBweJ7ic>J nnoxoro ,KB'-IeCTSB ¢OTOrpa¢l<1- e'JIi HeCTopB MaxHO C op.o.eHOM HB rpy,QV1,

H8CTOpV1sBHosV1'-1 aKTVlBHO OCY}l(,QaIl n OIlV1Tltl Ky "n p 0,Qpa3 B8PCTKIII", nes ren bHOCTb «YP83SbIYBeK» ,VI.AaJiKe noonan JlVlCb-

MO neHItlHY, 8 KOTOPOM yraepxnan, 'lTO «yavpn iii posaew l<1eBllBCTb 60nb weslil K!t1» npeA8Jl1II ,o,BIlO PeeOJ1IOll,V1Itl.

B "C60pHItlKe Jll<1l1" H8rpB)K,[IeHHbIX op,QeHOM KpaCHor03H8MeHI<1 V1 nO'1eTHbiM peSOJllOI..I1<10HHbiM opY)Kl<1eM» ecrs ltlMH BJl'B,I:(ltlMl'1pa IIInbW!8 neHLo1H8. a «KpaCHOM 3HBM8HW ua rpYAIii neH!t1Ha nltlCBIlI<1 KOppecnoazie-rru, HO OH, KBK YTsep)!(,lJiBIOT, npI'1Ha,D,Jl8)KBIl ,QPyrOMY repoio. Ha tPOTOrpa¢!>1HX, 3ane'18Tn8BWIllX npcutauue C neHVlHblM B K0l10HHOM 3B1l8, S!t1.o.eH Op.o.SH Kpacuoro 3HaMeH 11 PCCPC P, npaxpenneuHbli.1 HV1KOJlBeM n8TpOSI<1YBM rOp6YHOBbIM, yn.paSIl.I'lIOli.\V1M )leJlaMVI COSHapKOMB, euie a rOpKax, 22I'1HBapH, xorna llBHI<1Ha c06111- pan .... S nocn8.o.HI1J7i nyn., rop6yHO:8 C.HI'IJ1 caoo;, OP)J.8H, nOllyyeHHbli.1 ,.IM 3B aacnyra SBPMI<1I11.

Kasanep OPA8HB KpaCHor03HaMeHVI 36 HOM8pOM WBCTb, CeMeH MltlxaillnoSV1'l 5y" ,QeHHblill 6bl.n nepablM 06J1a.o.BTeneM opy}l(VlI'I co 3HBKOM OP,lJiBH8 KpaCHOrD 3HBM8Hltl.

Cpe.o.lI! Harpa)!(,[lBHHblX oPAeHOM - 'BI<1.o.'H biB non V1Tltl 'Ie CKVI e ne 51TeIl V1: K.n.VI M BHT E¢P8MOBWl BOPOWIII.nOB, MtllxatllJ1 V1SBHOSVlY KamtHV1H, Ceprei.1 MV1pOHOSI<1Y Ktllpoa, rptllropVliil KOHCTaHTlIIHOS!II'l OP)l)J(OHI-1'KI<1,o,38 , BBn8pVlaH Blla.o.,IIIMVlpOSV1.'1 KyillObIWBS.

OP,lJiBHOM aarpaxaana apMV1V1" coenaHeH'1S1, 11 '1aCTVI - ace OHI<1 nO!lYYBIlltl 3S8HI'1e KpacH03HaM8HHbIX. Tax ,(3HBMH~ nonyYVlna nsrraa apMtIIS1 BOCTO'lHOrO ¢POHTa 38

60Pb6y c KOllyaKOM. KpaCH03HaMeHHbIMIII CTaHOSI<1Il.VlCb ropona: S 1919 roAY oPAeH 6blIl npIIIKpBnn8H K nOyeTHOMY PesoJ1lOlI,tIIOHHOMY KpacHoMY 3HaMeHV1 neTporpa.o.a, KP6CHbiM 3HaMeH8M OblIlltl Harpa)KA8Hbl 5anTV1ii1CK!IIiIl tPJ10T, Kpeiii'c8p -Aapopa» VI nerioxon "CV16ltlPIlKOS»,

KPBCHblM 3H6MeH8M 6blIl8 aarpaxaeaa rpynna Y'-lacTHI1KoB nepenera MoccsanBKWH Ha napasrx caraonerax coaercxosi KOHCTPYKLl,lIIltl. PYKOso)J.V1.T8neM nonera 6blJl V13secTHblVi nonRpH;blVi Vlccne.QoBaTe!lb OTTO fQ!lbeBtIIyWMI<1,1l,T, raxxe y,QocToeHH.bl~ opneua.

6DEUbiE HRrPAlllnEHHR

nOCTaH08!l8HVleM npe3V1AVlYMa 1924 ro.o.a 6blJ10 npexpaureuo npB,acT8SJlBHI<1B K uarpaxneaaio op,QeHoM Kpacuoro 3Ha" M8HIt! CCCP sa nona III rill , coaepwBHHble AO 1 I'IHSapl'l 1923 rona (T. e . .o.o 06pa30" aaHltll'l CCCP). C aroro MOMeHTB HBYBJ10Cb Harpa}l(,D,eKltle OPABHOM JlltlWb sa 608sble OTJlW.J.IiIK

B 1942 ro,lJiy, xorna B03HltlK aonpoc o C03,QaHVIVI Op)J.9HOS cneuaaneuo .,Il,IlIl sucuiero KOMaH,o,Horo cccraaa KpacHOVI APMltlV1, npe.Q!lO)J(V1nlll y'lpe,o,tIITb 0p,lJieH kpacaoro 3HaM8HI'1 C M8'-1BMVI, HO 3TOT BapV1aHT 1II0CV1¢ Cranau OTK.nOHIt!Il.

Beero aa rOAbl BOVlHbr COCTOAnOCb 238 Tbrcl'IY 'Harpa>KAeHllliIl Op,ll,eHOM Kpacuoro 3HaMeHIII (6onbwlIIHcTBO B 1 943 -1945 ronax), CpeAIII HIIIX - 60nee 3270 H arpa>KAeHIII'Vi C08.AIII H8HIII.!1,

d cCCP

• CEICPETHHE

iliA TEPHAJlbl .... ~

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... acrea, nOApa3AeneH~iii ~ npeAnp~AnIM, a TaK)I(e 55 60eBbix Kopa6neiii (28 HaABOAHblX Kopa6neiii VI 27 nOABOAHblX nOAoK).

EA"'HCTB8HHbIM 48JlOB8KOM, xoroooro Harp8AI<lJlI<l OPA8HOM Kpacuoro 3HaM8H~ BOC8Mb paa. 6b1.Jl repoi1 COB8TcKoro COlO3a lIIBaH lIIBaHoBI<l .... nCTblro. Bcero aa rOAbl BOi1Hbl Jl8T4V1K COB8PWIIIJ1 96 608BbiX BbIJl8- TOB, c61<l8 8 803AYWHbiX 60l1X Jlltl4HO A8B Bpa)t(8CKI1X VlCTpe61<lT8JlSl (OAI<lH 113 HltIX - B Jl060801ii araxe).

BPY48HHbli1 eMY BOCbMOi1 OPA8H H8 I1M8Jl ua Jlltl1l8BOIiI CTopOHe KapTYWa C 1I11<ppolil HarpB)l(,QeH"'SI. TaK"'M 06PB30M, OPAeHOB Kpacaoro 3HaM8HI1 C 1I1<l<ppolil 8 na KapTYW8 HI1KOrAS He CYW.8CTSOBBllO.

30 SlHBapSi 1945 rOAB nOABOAHaSi JlOAKa C-13, B03rllaSJlR8MBSI KanlllTBHOM Tp8Tb8rO paura All8KCBHAPOM lIIBaHOBI<l48M MapVlHeCKO, nOTOnl<lJ1B H8M8l1KltIH J1aYlHep "BI1Jlbr811bM rYCTJlO¢¢», HB 60pTy xoroporo HaxOAIIIJlI<lCb 1 300 nO,QBOAHI<lKOa, S TOM 'lI<lCJ18 nOJ1HOCTblO C<popMVlpoaaHHbl8 3KVlna)t(VI. norJ.16wl<lx HeM8u,KI1X nOABOAHI1KOB xaBTliIJ10 6b! A/lR yKoMnJ1eKTOBBH~SI 70 nn cpeAH8ro TOHHB)t(B. 8TB BTaKB nOJly'lVlflB Ha3saHVl8 "ATaKJ.1 aesa», a castoro MapVlHeCKO Ha3blBBllIII "nOABOAH~KOM N2 1 », 3a npoaeneaHbl8 onepauaa AJl8KCaHAP MapltlH8CKO nOJ1yYIIIJl oPAeH Kpacuoro 3HaMeHIII.

Ao CVlX nop 3TOT cJlY'lalii C4V1TaeTCSI KpynHeViw8iii MOpCKOIiI KaTaCTpo¢olil cYAHa VI 3aH8C8H B KHlllry P8KOPAOB rVlHHeca, a

CEFCPETHHE •

1,1 A TEP~!A.7lbl "K~

OPJlEH KPACHOM 3BE3J1bl

UpgOH KpaCHOn 3B03gbi fiblD UllpeJl(geH UocmaHOBDBHueM Upe3ugugMa QRK CCCP om 6 anpenR 1930 2oga. Cmamgm opgeHa glfpeJIIgeH UocmaHoBneHueM Dpe3ugugMa QNH CCCP om 5 MaR 1930 20ga.

HeM811Koe CYAHO - KpynH81i1WI1M no TOHHalKY TenJlOXO,lJ,OM, nOTonJl8HHbiM COBeTCKVlM~ nOABOAHIIIKaMVI.

nOCJlea08HHaR cY,Il,b6a "nOABO,lJ,HIIIKB N2 1 » H8 CJ10lKl1f1aCb. OH 6blJl oTCTpaH8H OT KOMaHAoBBH~SI nOABO,lJ,HOIiI JlOAKOIiI, nOH~lK8H B 3BBHVlLo1 AO crapuraro JleIilTeHaHTa, S C 1949 no 1951 rOA orfisin CpOK HB KomsM8 «3a pa36a3apIIIBSHVl8 couaanacrw-eCKOH co6CTBeHHOCTw'. YM8p Bn8HVlHrpB,ll8 nOCJl8 AOJ1roi1111 TSllK81l0i1 601183H~.

Ew.eAO OKOH'lBHVlR aoi1Hbl OC06blM yKa- 30M 6blJl BB8A8H nopsnos HBrpalKA8HlI\I1 OPAeHaMI<l VI M8ASJlSlMlI\ BoeHHOCll~aw.l1X KpaCHOVi APMIIIIII aa Bblcnyry Jl8T. YKa3 np8AYCMBTPltIBBll Harp8)t(A8HJ.18 OPA8HOM 3a20Jl8T,I1 BTOPl1'lHO -3s30Jl8T683ynp8,"HOVI CJl~6bl. 8TOT nopaao« AeiiicTBOBBll AO nplIIHSlTltISi YKa3a 1958 rona, OTMeHI1BW8ro Harpa)t(,Q8HLo18 aa BbICJlYry. 3a aTO BP8MSI Op,o.8H Kpacxoro 3HBMeH'" BPY"W1Jl~ OKOJlO 300 TbICR'l PB3 aa sucnyrv ner, VI JlJ.1Wb HeCKOJlbK~M COTHRM BOeHHOCJl~aw."x - sa 608Bble OTJlI14I1R.

TaK KaK opnea no6e,ll,a nepecrann BPY'-IaTb C 1945 rona, Kpacaoa 3HBMSI BHOBb CTBllO BblCWIt1M 60eBbiM OPA8HOMB P88- CTP8 COS8TCKLo1X Harp8A.

Bcero C 1924 no 1991 rOA aaperuCTp~poBaHo 60nee 580 TbICH .. Bpy .. eHMM oPAeHa KpacHoro 3HaMeHM. nOcneAH~e YKa3b1 0 Harpa>KAeHIIIIII opAeHOM 6brnlll nOAnlllcaHbl Mlllxa~noM rOp6a'leBbiM B 1991 roAY.

B TOT )t(8 A8Hb 6blJl y'lpe)t(,Q8H VI OPA8H 11eHVlHS. OPA8H KpaCHOVI 3B83Abi - OAI1H J.13 nepssrx COB8TCKLo1X OPAeHOB III aropoa Vl3 508BbiX no SP8M8HIII Y'-lP8lK,Q8HIIISI,

HarpalK,QeHJ.18 AOlllKHO 6blJlO npOll\3BO,llI1TbC5I -aa OOJlbWVl8 aacnvru 8 A8Jl8 060POHbi COlO3a CCP, KaK B sceuuoe, rax VI B Ml1pHOe BpeM5I», a TaK lK8 -sa BKJlB,ll, B 068Cne'leH~8 rOCYAapCTB8HHOiii 6830naCHOCTl1».

On.CARNE RUPAJlhl

ABTOPbl np08KTa OPA8Ha KpaCHOIil3B83,1l,blXYAOlK.HL>1K KynpJ.151HOB VI CKYJlbnTOp rOJl8H8l1KVliii, PS60TSBWLo1e 8 TOT)t(e nepaon HaA OPAeHOM l1eHIIIH8. OpAeH «KPSCHOiii 3B83Abl" - O,lJ,~H Vl3 H8MHorViX OPA8HOB CCCP III 8AVlHCTB8HHblVi Vl3 OPA8HOB, Y'lp8)t(,QeHHbIX AO B8Jll1KOH OT8'leCTB8HHOlii BOHHbl, xcropere npaKTI148CKJ.1 H8 M8HSlJl~ cacero BH8WHero BI1Aa aa BCIO Lo1CTOPl1lO CYI..l.l8CTBOBaHJ.1S1. CbopMa OPAeHa KpaCHolii 3Be3Abi HaCJleAOBaJla ¢OPMY KPSCHOSPM8i11- CKoliI HarpYAHoili 3M6Jl8Mbl. BblnYKJlbie Jly'lVl cep86pSlH0i1 3B83Abi oPA8Ha noxpsrru py611- HOBO-KPSCHOi1 aMallblO, a B cep8AVlHY ero nOM8w.8H Kpyrllbliii W.~T C ~306p8.lK8HJ.1eM ¢.,_ rypbl ~AYl..l.lerO B 60iii KpaCHOapMeiiill,a: OH B WVlHeJll111 6Y,lJ,8HOBKe, C BLoIHTOBKOi1 B PYKax, no 060AY UJ,l1TB npoxcnar H3,AnlllCb "np0J18Tapl1L>1 scex crpax, C08Al1H5IViTecb!», a B HlI\lKHeill4aCTlI\ 060Aa pacnonaraorca a66pesltlaTypa CCCP, cepn VI MOll0T.

PaCCT05lHJ.18 MelKAY npOT~BOIl8lK.aU~VlM~ aepWL-lHSMLo1 3B831J,bl - 47 -50 tv1 M, B 3aEW\CVlMOCTJ.1 OT rona BblnYCKB, a paCCTOSlHVl8 OT ue-rrpa opnesa AO e8PWIIIHbi Jl1060ro LoI3 nSlTl'l 3MBll8abiX JlY48i11 COCTaSJll18T 26-27 MM.

UJ,J.1T, Vl306pa)t(8H~8 KpaCHOapM8Hll,a, Ha,ll,nacs, cepn 11 MOIlOT, a TaJOKe KpaSl 3B83Abi 6blllVi OKCl1,lll1pOBaHbl. 1II3roTOBJleHVl8M KpacHoi1 3B83Abi 3aHVlMaJlaCb ¢a6pLo1Ka r03HaK. Ho III neHIIIHrpa,llCKLoIVI MOH8THbliii ABOP npOVl3BO,lJ,l1f1 aTlI\ OPAeHa.

Ha 060POTHOiii CTOPOH8 Y KpaCHoiii 3B83Abi ecn, uapeanoa WH1¢T - M8TaflflVl4eCKaSl 3aKnenxa, C ralilKoiii AJlSl KpenJleHltI5I K OA8)t(Ae.

MeAanbOH opneaa KpacHoi1 3ue3Abl 1936-1980 rv r,

m cecp

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n8pBOHa'"l8JIbHO Op,ll8H HOCIIIJlCSI B 06paM- 118101111111 ,lI8KOpaTIIIBHoii1 p038TKIII1II3 KpacHoii1 Il8HTbl. n03,l1H88 Bce .. 3B83,l1.bl" np1106p8- T8Jl1II nonaecaue K0I10,llKL-l. 6bllla y opnesa 11 118HTa uaera 60p,llo C C8p0ii1 nonoceoa nOC8p8,l1I11H8, KOTOPYIO MO)l(HO 5bl110 HOCI1Tb BM8CTO Op,ll8Ha.

'131111lRBCTI BPAEHA

"KpaCHYIO 3ee3,l1y~ ace)Ke ,lI8IlAT Ha "18- TblP8 TIIIna. K n8pBOMY Tl<my OTHOCRTCA 3HaKiol OPAeHoa, IlpY"leHHblx a 1930-1936 ro,lIax. 3a 3TO BpeMS! 5b1110 C.Q8118HO OKOll0 800 3K3eMnmlpoB. B OTl1l1'1l11e OT nocneAylOllIHX THnOB, OIHHKOHe"4HaA aseana raxoro opneaa COCTOIIIT 1013 .QBYX '"laCTeii1: nvueeaa 11 060pOTHaSi CTOpOHbl 3ae3,l1bl 113rOTaeJll1aal1101Cb OT,lIeJlbHO, a roroeue nOnOBI1HKIII COe,lll1HRllIIICb B npouecce nall1- Kill. Me,llallbOH C KpaCHoapM8111U8M TO)l(8 npili naIllB8JlCSI; caM 008U Obln OOpBLI..\eH K apareruo 11 I4UOM , a BI1HTOaKa 5bl11a HeMHoro paaaepsyra, Ha 601188 n03,l1HI1X ,,3 seanaxxpacaoapweeu Y)K8 nOB8pHYT enpaso. 3TO 05bSlcHReTcSI T8M, "ITO B Ha"lane 30-x roaoa, cornacso ycrasy urraxoeoro 601'1, xpacacapveeu ,lI011)1(8H 5bl11 HaXO,lll1TbCSI B croaxe C nOJ1ycorHyroi:1 npaBoiii Horoi:1, KaK 6bl HeMHorO lola Helil npacea. n03,l1Hee YCTaa urraxoaoro 601' 1113MeHlIIl1c~, III croaKa KpacHOapMell1l1a crana KllBCClIIyeCKoii1 - npocjJlllllbHOC1.

Y sroporo Tiline «KpaCHoiii 3 Be3,l1bl".

KOTOPblll1 CT811111 npOlll380,lllllTb nocne 1936 ro.c.a, J1Y"1I1 5011ee OCTPbl8, caM Op,lleH roasuie III secvr MeHbwe, '1eM opne« nepsoro eapaaara.

TpeT1II1I1 III yeTBepTblIl1 Tlllnbl opnesa SbInYCK8JlIIICb C 1940 no 1980 roa,

.~~.-

B03rI1aBt1Tb peKOp,llHbl1l1 nepener lII3 CCCP a CWA, xepea C8aepHbli:1 nOJlIOC, COCTOSlBWIII~CSI 20-22 11110111'1 1936 rona.

TpeMR «KpacHblMIII 3Be3,l18MIII» 6bl11 HSrpa)l(AeH III AneKC8H,lIp BaclIIl1bealilY 6ellSlKoB - TpeTIilVi Y'IaCTHIIII( 3HaMeHIIIToro 3 Kill n aJKa .

BbIAaloll\I.1.ii1cSI aSt18I(OHCTPYKT.op acex BPSMeH - AH,lIpeiii HI.1KOn8eSIIIY Tvnonea nOJlYYIIIJl «KpaCHYIO 3ae3,o,y" «38 C03,l1S· Hille uenoro pfl,lla otipaauos abl,o,8K>LI..\L-1XCSl cavoneroa-. Op,o,eH C H.oMeP.oM 159 H8 peaepce 6blll BpyyeH eMY 7 AeKs6pfl 1933 rona, o,o,HaKO cnYCHI uexorcpoe apeMR, AH,lIpeiii HIilKOilaeBI.1'1 6blil apecroaSH, III ace Harpa,o,bl Y Hero 1113bSlIllil. Ilepen caMolii aoliiHoli1 BbIA81Oll\erOCSl 8BlllaKOHCTPYKTOP8 onpasnan III , III eoaapar ana aMY Harpa,D,bl, OAHaKO Ha HIIIX CT.oSlI1I11 y*e CoaC8M ,lIPyrl-le HOMepa. T8K, Ha opneue KPSCHOIii 3Se3,l1bl 3H8'lIll.l'lCSl HOMep 20119.

Op,lleHOM 6bllla HSrpaJK,lIeHS rS3eTB ~KpaCHaSl3ae3,l1aD ("ITO 38CBIIIAeTel1bCTBOeano nocr8HoalleHllle LJ,Ii1K CGCP OT 27,l1eKs6pSl 1 9S3 roAB)- 38 ycnexill a aane 06eCne"leHHSI 608aoii1 III nOJ1ll11101yeCKOiii nonrOTOBKIll COBeTCKoiii ApMHIll.

IABAREPblDPREHA

nepBblM K8B8JlepOM OPA8HS cran 1113- BecTHb11i1 KpacHbli:1 KOMaH.Qlllp BaclIIl1l11lil 6nlOxep. OH 6bln aarpaxnen OP,lleHOM KpacHoiit 3ee3Abl N.21 , 13 M8f1 1930 rOAS aa OTnOp KIIITaliillaM BO apeMfi C06blTl-lCi lola KlIITal'icKD-BOCTOYHoiit xenesucanopore.

nocne roro, KaK ,lIlIInJlOMSTIII"IeCKllle OTHoweHlllfi Me)l(,llY CGCP III KIllTaeM 6blJlIII paaopeaau. B neno acrynana Oe06aSl AallbHeSOCTO"lHSSl Kpacaas APMIIISl nOA KOMaH,o,OB8HllleM Bact1lllllSl 6J1lOxepa, B KopOTKlIIe CpOKIll C He3Hayt1TellbHblMIll noTepflMIll paarpouaeuraa arpoe npeBOCXOD,SIllIlIIe ClIII1bl npOTIIIBHI1K8.

CYAboa caworo B8CI-II1I11f1 511lOxepa CnO)KIIIJl8Cb Tparlll'leCKIII. OH CKOH"8JICR OT )l(eCTOKI-IX nsrrox (no 3aKJ1lOyeHl-liO CYAMeA3l<CnepTos) a necjJopToBCKOIii TlOpbMe HKBA 9 HOR6pA 1938 fOA8. Ero reno co)l(rlllll B KpeM8TOpI-Ilil III TCllbKO '1epe3 4 Mecsua. 10 MspTa 1939 rona, cYAe6Hbl8 IIIHcTaHUlII1II nplllroBoplII.11111 MepTBoro Mapwalla K Bblcwelii Mepe H8K83aHI-ISl sa «wml0Ha)l( B nonsay s:lnOHIllt1", «yyaCTllle B SHTIllCOBeTcKolii opraHIII3aUI1111 npaBblx III B B08HHOM saroaope-. Penpeccasu nonseprnacs III BCSl ceMbfl Maptuana, BKJ1lOyaSi SOCbMIIIIleTHero csu-a.

B 30-ble rC,lIbl oPAeHOM KpacHoiii 3B8- 3,l1bl Harpa)!(JJ,anlll 38 TPYAOSbl8 n O,llBIII fill. Ilepseie KaBanepbl nCJlYY8Jl1>1 CBCI>1 Harp8Abl K.ol1JleKTIIIBHO - a OCHOBHOM 3TO 6blJ11.1 118T'1I11KIII 3apO)l(,ll8BWeiiicSl coserceoa 6SL-1- 8UIIIIII.

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OP.Q8H' nOllY'"l[.1Jl1-1 111 TplII'lneHa 3KI1nalKa xarurraaa HI-1KOnaSll' Q)pSHUeBI1L4a rBcrenJ10, KOTopble, BMeCTe co CBQIIIM KOMBH . .QIllPOM, cOaepUlIolJ1111 orHBHHbliii rapaa.

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Beera apABHOM OTe'lBCTaeHHo.A BoA· Hbl nepaoa CTenBHI<i 6blIlO coaepureno 60Ilee 344 TbICSI'I Ha~palK,A8HI'II1 (113 Hi'lX 8 rcA!>1 BolllHbl- 324 903). 'STOpO$; CTBneHIiI - o Kono. 1 MIlH. 28 TblC5I'I HsrpSlK,AeHI'I$; (1113

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PaCCTOHHIoI8 M8>K,oy npOTliISOf18>Kall.lI>1MI>1 S8PWI>1H8MI.1 3Se3A.b1 ~ 46 MM. Ha 060POTHOiil CTOPOH8 3HaKa - Kpyr C penbe(j>Hoiii Ha.nnlllCblO CGGP S uearpe,

nm" nOMOll.llll YWKS liI xonsua 3H8K coe.o.liIHHllCR C nHTl>1yrolll,' Hoiii KOIlO,QOYKOiii, KOTopaH 6bl· na noxpsrra IleHTOi'i WL1PIIIHOili B 24 MM, Ha neure nRTb npononsHblX nOIlOCOK: TPI4 '"IepHOrO III ABe OpaH)I(esoro IJ,BeTa, no KpaRM - Y3K",e opaieesaue nOllOCKI>1, KSK y "reopr",escKOiii neHTbl".

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K 1978 rOAY 6blllO np0l>13SeA8Ho 2 562 H8rpalK,D.eH"'A Op,ll,eHOM GnaBbl neosoa CTeneH"". no COCTORHI>1IO HS 1989 rOA Op,08HOM Cnasu nepBoili CTeneHIiI 5blflO HarpCllK,lJ,eHO 2 620 'I8110B8K, Op,ll,eHOM Cnasbl s,opolli CTenSHI<1 - 46 473 "'eJ10SeK8, oPAeHoM CnaBbi rpeTei:1 creneu ... - 997 815 -renoaee.

8 19671>1 1975 r.r. nonHble K8sanepbl opneaa Cllasbl nonYYIIIlllil nsroru, ypaauaauma i'1X B npaeax C r8pORMIiI CCCP.

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B nepnon C 1940 no 1945 rOA apMIiIR TIllTO ceoasrsana Ha 6allKBHBX 3H84111- TBJ1bHble repMaHO-IilTallbSlHcKllle CIIl11bl: peiiix 6blJl ebIHY)K,QeH Aep)KaTb B IOrecIlBBVlIII rpa apMeiiicKIIIX xopnyca nonsoro COCTaaB.

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B AeKa6pe 1944 rona, aa ocsotioxneHille nOllbWIII 6blllill Harpa)KAeHbl Map-

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P8W8HIII8 06 Y'-lpe)K)J,8HIIIIII nOllKOSO,o,'-IeCKI-1X oPAeH08 6blllO nplIIHSHO B Ha"la1l8 IIIIOHSI 1942 rona Pa3pa60TKoi1 3CKI-130B HOBblX opneuos 38HIIlM811Cfl TeXHWjeCKIIl~ KOMIIIT8T rllasHoro VlHTeH,o,8HTcKoro ynpaslleHIIISI KP8CH0C1 APMvB1, OTHOCIt1T8IlbHO nOIlKOSOA"IeCKI-1X opneuos Y Bepxoaaoro rJl8BHOKoMaH,o,YIOw,ero 6bl,IlO O,o,HO nO)Ke1l8- Hille: HOSbl8 Harpa,o,bl CSOI-1MIII pa3MepaMIII He ,o,Oll)KHbl 6blJlIII npeasuuan, opp,8H neHIIIHa,

BblCWIllM B lIIepapxlIIlII nnnxoaonveCKIIIX Harpa,,o, 6blll op,o,eH CYBopOBa Tpex CTeneHe~.

Op,o,eH 6blll Y"Ipe>K,o,eH YKa30M OT 29 IlllOllH 1942 rOAa, B caMbl~ paarap 60eB Bel1l11,KO~ OTe"leCTBeHHoili BO~Hbl, cpasy nocne Toro, KaK 6blll o3BY'feH CTalllllHcKlllili npnxaa: «Hili wary Ha3aA!»

Xapacrep opaeaa - "HacrynaTellbHbli1», cornacuo nOllK080p,'-IeCK0C1 npaKTIIIKe AIleKca-nna Cysoposa.

ASTOpOM npcexra OPAeHa Cysoposa CTaIl apXIIIT8KTOp tleurpansuoro BoeHHOnpoaxraoro IIIHCTlllryTa neTp CKoKaH, npoeKT OPAeHa 6blIl YTs8p)K)J,eH 21 11110- 11S1 1942 rona

CTEflEHM HAfPARbl

OpAeH Cysoposa npencraanaer co60(1 n!'1TII1KOHeYHYlo WIIIPOKYIO 3se3,o,y C rpaasHblMIII IlyyaMIII. B uearpe 3se3Abi - Me,o,aIlbOH C 060,o,KOM It1 noprparora Cysoposa s npocpHJlb, Ha,o, noprperov Ha,o,nlllCb: "AIleKcaHAP Cyaopoe», no xpaio M8AaIlbOHa pa311oIK8H bl naa po aas III ,o,y60Bal'! S8TBI-1, nep8sSl3aHH~8JleHToA.

CEKPETHHE ... IIATEPVIAmJ ,.,,~

) UpnED CYBUPUBA

B CDDeD KOpOmKOD peqU Ha KpaCHOU nnomagu DO BpeMR napaga cegbMo2o HOROPII 1941 2oga, CmanUH, OfipalQallCb K BoficKaM, npoU3Hec:

"Ugcmb BgoMHDBnRem Bac B amOD Bouue MYJIleCmOeHHblii ofipa3 HalUUK BenUNUM npegRoB - AneKc3Hgpa HeBCK020, AneKcaHgpa CgDOp003, Muxauna Kgmg300a!n

PaCCTOS1Hllle Me>KP,y npOTIt1BOJl8)KaUJ,I-1MIII Jly"laMIII seeanu 3HaKa nepsoA CTeneHI-1 COCTaSJlS18T 56 MM, a STOpO~ iii Tp8Tb8~ CT8neH8~ - 49 MM.

3HaK ooneua nepBolii (Bblcweili) CTeneHIII auricn HeH H3 nJlaTHHbl. ,l],8TaIlIII OPA8Ha 30JlOTble, nOIl8 M8,o,aJ1bOHa nOKpblTO T9MHo-cepoA SM8JlblQ. Op,o,eH nepso(1 CTen8HIII COCTOI'!Jl 1113 -erupex -racraa, Hap, Me,o,allbOHOM B 3TOM 3HaKe noveuianacs aaeaao-rxa KpacHoili 3MaIlH.

Op,o,eHoM Cysopoaa napaoa CTeneHH 5bl.nO npoeaseneao OKOIlO 400 uarpasc,o;eHIII~.

OpAeH BTOpoili CTeneHI1 1113rOTaSIlIIIeancs 1113 30110Ta. ,l],eTaJlIiI ero nenanucs 1113 OKCIIIAVIpOBaHHoro cepe6pa. Hap,nlllCb Ha OPAeHe 6blJla KpaCHO~ 3M8Jl III , a none Me,o,aJ1bOHa 3MaJlbIO H8 nOKpbl aanocs. PeJlbe¢ Cyscposa y oprie+ra aropoa CTeneHH Sblno.nHeH 3aOAHO C Me,o,aJlbOHOM, Op,o;eHOM Cysoposa BTOPOi1 CT8neHH 6bl1l0 npolll3s8AeHO OKOllO 3 000 uarpaxAeHVli;\,

3HaK OPAeHa TpeTbei1 CTeneHIII rtenanCI'! Vl3 caernoro cepe6pa. 06w,ee KOIlIl1'-18- CTSO HarpaIKAeHHA opneuov Cysoposa TpeTbeVi CTeneHIII - 601188 400000. Op,o,eH Cysoposa TpeTb8i1 CTen8HIII C SIllHTOSblM KpenJleHllleM SCTp8'-1a8TCI'! ASYx 8HAOS:

C60PHbllA, C KpenJleHlt1eM ua 3aKJl8nKaX, III L\8Jl bH OWTaMnosaHHbl (1.

Ka)K,o,o~ CT8neHIII opnexa Cysoposa COOTB8TCTsosa.naCSOI'!JleHTa:Ha38JleHOili JleHT8 OPA8Ha nepsoa CTeneHIII 6blIla OAHa opaaxeaas npononsuaa nonoca nocepep,I-1He. AnI'! STOPOIA CTeneHIII - nae nonocu no KpaflM; JJ,Jl1'! rpersea - TPI-1 nonocsr: OAHa nocepenaae VI AS8 no KpaSlM.

HArPAIIIREHHA OPREHDM Harpaxneuwe op,o,eHOM Cysoposa npoVl3S0AI-1JlOCb YKa30M np83V1p,It1YMa Bepxoaaoro COS8m CCCP.

Op,o,8H cveooosa HOCIIITCI'! Ha npaaoa CTopOHe rpynn. nepsaR CT8neHb pacnonaraercs n8pe,o,APyrlllMill opA8HaMIII, KOTOPbl8 HOCSIT HB npaaoa CTopOHe rpy,o,lII; Op,o.8H STOPOIA CTeneHIt1 pacnonaraercs nOCIl8 op,o,eHa 60rAaHa XMellbHIII~Koro nepSOIA creneaa, a OPAeH Cvsopoaa Tp8Tbe(1 CTen8HVI pacncnaraercs nocne OPAeHa 50rABHa XM8Jl bH III U,KO ro STopoA CTeneHH.

nepSblM KaS8JlepOM OPA8Ha Cysoposa nepsoill CTeneHIiI 6bl.n r80prVl~ KOHCTaHTVlHOSIIIY )KYKOS.

OpAeHa neoeoa CTen8HIII 6bllllll Spy'-l8Hbl rpynna Mapuianoa III reaepanos, OTll\o1'-1HBWIIIXCSI B CpaIK8HI-1S1X non CTaJlI-1Hrpap,OM, ua AOHY i1 non JleHIIIHrpaAoM, cornacuo YKa3y 1943 rena,

Cpe,o,lII Harpa)K)J,eHHblx 6blJlIII npencraBIIITeJlIII CTasKIII BepxosHoro rJlaSHOKOMaH,o,osaHlII1'! reaepan apMi111! AIleKcaHAP MlllxaAIlOBVlY BaCIIIJl8ScKIII(1 (3HaK OPAeHa HOMep,o,Ba), Mapu.JaIl aprunnepaa HVlKoIlaili HIIIKOJla8SW-I BOPOHOS (3HaK HOMep rpw),

6 H0S16pl'! 1943 rona VlOCHCP CT3IlIIIH «sa npasIIIIlbH08 PYKOBO,o,CTSO onepau,lIIflMIII KpacHoiii ApMVlH S OTe'1eCTSeHHoi1 BOOlH8 npOTVlB HeM8L\KI-1X 3aXSaT"IVlKOB III p,OCTHrHYTbie ycnexa» 6bln Harpa)KAeH oPAeHoM Cysoposa nepBo~ creneHIII aa HOMepoM 112.

Kaaanepavu OPAeHa Cysoposa nspsoa CTeneHIII CTaJlVl 60Ilee AsaAL\aTIt1 COTPy,o,HViKOS HKBA VI KOHTppa3S8p,KVI: Ha'18IlbHHK «CMepw» - KOMIt1CCap roc6e30naCHOCTVI BII1KTOP CeM8HOSWi A6aKYMOS III reuepansHbl(1 KOMlllccap roc6e30naCHOCTIII JlaspeHT1ll1A naSJlOBIIlY 68PVlSl,

B 1944 ro,o,y, 8blcweill CT8n8HbIO OPAeHa Cysoposa 6blJl HarpalKA8H KOMaH,o,ylOW,1II11 6plt1TaHCKIIIM ¢lJloTOM a,o,M\IIpafl C3P 6plOc Cllpe3ep, OH 6blll y,o,ocToeH 3T0i1 Harpa,o,bl aa ycneumoe PYKOSOP,CTBO 60esblMVI A8(1CTSIiI~MIt1 npu npOB8AeHHH S nopru CCCP COlO3Horo MopcKOro'KoHBoSl C SOOpYlK8HHeM H APyrlllMVI rpY3aMIII, S peavnsrare Y8ro 5blJl nOTonIl8H H8M8L\KIt1(1 xopafiru, «Illapuxopcr».

Bcero op,o,eHoM CYBopoBa aa rOAbl BoiliHbl 6b1110 npolll3Be,o,eHo 7 266 aarpa>KP,eHIIIIII, B TOM "II11Cl1e 1 528 COCTaBI111111 Harpa>KP,eHIIIH coeAIIIHeHlllili, "I3CTeili III Y"Ipe>KP,eHllliiI KpacHoiil ApMIIIIII.

OPAeH napsoa CTeneHIII nOIlyYHJl 391 yeJlOSeK (50n88 nsanuar» YAOCTOlIIlllIICb op,o,eHa TPi1lKAbl).

B ceHTH6pe 2007 rona B nplllAHec rpoaae 6blll Y'Ipe>KAeH CBO~ Op,o,eH CYBopoBa. KaBallepaM'1II op,o,eHa HBllHIOTCH npe3111,o,eHT IO>K.HOiil OceT1II1II 3AYapn KOKOIIITbl III npe3111,o,eHT A6xa311111 Ceprelil6aranw. B OKTH6pe 2008 rona Op,o,eH CyBopoaa BTOpOi'i CTeneHIII 6blll nplo!Cy>KAeH ropo,o,y 6eHAepbl.

eecp

A8Hllle CeaepHoro KaBKa3a) III KOMaHAyKlllllilL:1 KanlllHliIHCKliIM cPPOHTOM reseoann0I1I(08HliIK MaKCIfIM AIleKcee8114 nYPKae8 (sa OC8060;.KABHliI8 BeI1I11KliIX J1YK).

3H8K OPABHB KyTY30eB nepaoL:i CTeneHliI HOMep OAI1H nonY4li1I1 KOMaHAYKlLU,1iI11 24-M apMIiIBM AOHCKoro cPPOHTa reaepanIlei:1TeHaHT ~BaH BaCYlI1bBBWI ranal-II"H sa 60lil nOA CTanIllHrPBAOM. n03AH88 OH cran KaBamepOM ABYX OPAeHOS Kyry30Ba nepBOM crensaa.

EAIIIHCTBeHHbJM BAMliIpanOM, YA.ocroeHHblM OPAeHa KyrY30sa nepBoOi ereneHliI, cran Cepreiil reoprlil8SIII'I rOpWKOB - C03AaTellb OT84eCTBeHHoro paKerHOI'IAepHoro cPI1OTa. B nOCI1eAHllle MeC>llIbl 1944 rOAB ero cPJ10nlnl1Sl SblCaAIIII1a 20 TaKTIII'IeCKliIX AeC8HTOB, O'"ll1CTI1I11a OT MI1H 2500 KM. pex, Y'"IaCTSOBana B oCB060;oKAeHlllliI 5ellrpaAa III EiYAanewTa.

Kaeanepbl Tpex 0PAeHoB KyTY30aB nepa,oM CTeneHlo!:

1. MapwaJl COatlTCKOrO COI03a Baclo!' J1li1Oi AaHIo1noel14 COKOll0BCl(lIIiiI;

2. reH8paIl-n0I1KOBHIiIK KOHcTaHH1H AnOIlJ10HOSI14 Koporeee ;

3. reHepaJl-nOllKOBHI1K TepeHTliIH ello· MIII4 WTblKOB ;

4. reHepa.J1-nOJlKOBHI1K aBl1alllill1 A.B.

HI-IKIo1TI-IH;

5. reHepan-Maiilop A.B. BllBALoIMI1POB. nepsblM KaeanepOM OPA8H8 Kyry30aB BTOPOI1 ereneaa CTaIl repotl CoaeTCKoro COKl3a KOMaHAlilp raapAeiilcKoiil crpenxo- 130M A,IIIB1113 l.11'1 AneKcaHAP lt1J1blll'l POAIilMlIea - llereHAapHblM repoa CT81lIo1Hrpa.AB.

OAHI4M 1i13 4eThlpeX COeAI<1HeHIlli'1. npl1- KpenlilBwlIIM oPAeH KYTY30B8 nepBOVt creneHIA K CB08MY 3HaM8HIIl, CTBJ1a raapAe~CK81'1 npOlleTapCKal'l MocKoacKoMIIIHCKaS'l, oPAeHa J1eHIiIHs, KP8CH03H8' MeHHaSl MOTOCTpeflKOBaSl AI1B"13141'1 - 0.£11'10 1i13 caMblX Tli1rylloaaHHblx B KpaCHOi'1 APMIIII4 coep,1I1 HeHIi1 M.

OpAeH 6bln coxpaueu B C~CTeMe HarpaA POCC~liiCKOH CZ>eAepa~~101 nocTaHOBJ1eHlo1eM BepxoBHoro CoaeTa PocC~HC Kolii CZ>eAepa~~nt OT 20 Mapn 1992 rOAa IN 2557. OAHBKO OH He Io1MeeT O~~· ~lo1anbHoro on~caHIo1A. Harpa)l(AeHllle 0PAeHoM B POCCIU1 He npOBOAI'IJ1Io1Cb,

OPREH KYTY30BA

Dpgea Kgmg30B3 - amopou nocne opgeaa Cgaopoaa no DOpRgig gllpellgeauR U cmapwuacm03 DORKOBogqeCKUD opgeH.

OPAeH Kyry30aa - eAIIIHCTseHHblM 11\·3 coseTCKIIIX OPA8HOB, p83Hble CTen8HI1 KOroporo Y'lpe*AaJlI4Cb a paaxoa BP8M5I.

MerOPIA OPAEKA

29 I4KlJ151 1942 rO,ll.8 ablwen YKB3 HpealilAliIYMa Bepxoaaoro COB era eecp 06 Y'Ipe;.KAeHIIIIII OPAeHa Kyry30Ba Aayx CTeneHeiii. 3H8K OPAeHa nepBoi'1 CTeneHIi1 l'13rOT8aIlI4BaJlC5l 113 30110Ta, 8TOPOJii - 143 cepe6pa.

nocne npOa8AeHII15l BoeHHoiil onepalJ,1II14 31i1MOJii 1942 - 1943 rOAOB noaaanace H806xOAliIMOCTb P8CW14PIiITb Kpyr HarpIDKAeHHblx, III YKa30M OT 8 <t>eap81lSl 1943 rona 6b1Jl Y'lpe*AeH oPAeH Kyry30aa TpeTbei:1 creneHliI a cepe6pe.

OpAeH Kyry30Ba I<1Me.J1 tt060pOHIi1Tenb' HblM» xapaxrep III npeAHaaHa'laJIcl'I sa YMeIlblJii BblBOA BOJiiCK liI3-nOA YA8pa III HaHeceHille ycneuiaoro KOHTPYABpa, 'fTO 6J1ecTI'IU,(e YMen AeJlaTh MI1X8111n Kyry30B.

SCK143 OPAeHa abinOflHliIJl HliIKOJ1ai1 Vla8- HOBIII'"I MocKallea - 8BTOp OPAeHOB CnaBbl iii 6orA8Ha XMeJ1bHlIIlI.Koro.

CTmEBI HAfPAHbl

B OCHOBe OPAeH8 KyrY30B8 Bblcwei4, nepBolii CTeneHIII - nSlTYIKOHe4HaSl WTpa- 11088" 3Be3Aa. MeAanboH noxpsrr 6eJ1oiil 3M BJ1 blO , 060AOK ero YKpaweHBeHKOM 1113 J1aBPOBbIX 14 Ay50BblX J1I4CTbeB III nepeBR38H JleHToJii KpacHOi'1 3M81lH.

B uexrpa MeABllbOHa - liI306p8)l(eHllle q;,eJ1bAMapwaJla Kyry30B8 Ha cPoHe KpeMneacKoi4 68WHliI cepetipacror'c 4BeTa, KOTOPYKl aeH48eT KpaCH81'1 3Be3Aa. BOKPyr 1A306p8)1(eHIIII'I Kyry30aa - 6ella"3M81leBal'l J1eHT04K8 c H8AnI4CbKl ~MI4XBIi1.fl Kyry30B".

OpAeHOM Kyry:ma8 riepaoji CTeneHI4 H8rpa)J(ABJ1li1Cb TOJ1bKO KOM8HAYKlW14e CPPOHTaMIII III 8pM14RMI'I, a TBK)J(e I-IX 3aMeCTliITe.J1111 .111 Ha4al1bHIIIKIII urratioa.

OpAeH Kyry30Ba nepBOM creneHliI BPY- 4anCA 675 paa.

OPAeH KYTY30Ba BTOPOi'1 CTeneHI4 He

JIIMeJ1 111306pa)l(eHIIISl naapoao-nvecaorc BeHK8.

Pa3Mep oPAeHB TpeTbe~ CTeneHIII M8Hbwe, OH lIellbHOWTaMnoBBHHblc;, OT' oyrcraver 3M81lb.

KOJlWieCTBo Harpal!(AeHI4~ oPAeHaMI4 BTOPOM III rpersea CTeneHIII O,[ll1HaKOBO - 50nee3300.

J1eHT8 OPAeHa TeMHO-CIIIHSlSl: C O.AHOi'1 opaaxeaoa nonocoa A11Sl nepBoLii ereneHIII, ABYMI'1 - A11Sl BTOP0i'1111 rpeMI'I - All" rpeTbeLii.

HArPAIIJlEHlI1

OpAeHoM Kyry30Ba nepBoJii CTeneHI4 HarpWKAaJlli1Cb KOM8HAYKlU,(l4e cPpoHTaMI1 III apMI4R Mill ,JIIX 3BMeCTIIITeJ114 L'I H84BJlbHJ!lKIII urraeoa,

OPAeHoM BTOPOtii CTeneHI-I - KOM8HAI1Pbl KopnYCOB, AYlBIII3111i'1, 6plil ra.c. , H84BJlb' HVlKIIIWTa60B. OPAeHOM rpeTbeM CTeneHIII - KOMaHAl1pbl nOI1Koa, 6STBl1bOHOB, POT 14 Ha'i81lbHII1KJII wTa60B n011Ka.

nepablMliI K8B81lepaMIII opneaa Kyry30' B8 nepBOM creneHliI YKa30M npe3111AIIIYM8 BepXOBHoro Coaera CCCP OT 28 I'IHBapl'l 1943 rOA8 crams 17 BOeH848J1bHI4KOB 38 OCBo60*AeHliIe aBXaa4eHHblx TepPI4TOpllliiI ccc=,

CpeAliI HliIX KOM8HAYKl~IIILii 3aKaBKa3- CKIIIM q,POHTOM reHepaJl apMI4Y1 VlaaH BI18AJIIMlllpOBIiI'·j TKll1eHeB (39 OCB060)1(-

II CCCP

• CEKPETIIJiE

J.! A TEE'VIAlTl:I .. ~.~

CCCP m

3HaMeHI.1TOe COBeLJ.J.aHl.1e pyKOBO,Q~TeJ1eV1 coaercxoro napTII13aHCKoro ,QBlIIlKeHIiIR, nplll6blaWIiIX a MocKey a ceurseoe 1942 rona, Q,[l06plIIJ10 peVi,[loaylO TaKTI.1KY, KOTopaR n0J1y'mJ18 uiapoxoe pacnpocrpaHeHIII8 1.1 8 BHTIllq,aWVlCTCKOM ,[lBl.1lK8HIIIVI EBponbl.

CYMCK08 napTVl3aHcK08 COe,[lIllH8Hli1e non KOMaH,QOBaHllleM KoenaKB npouino C 60RMI.1 no Tbl11aM HeMeLJ,Ko-q,awVlcTcKIIIX BOV1CK 6011ge ,[l9CRTIll TblCRY KIII110MeTpOB 1.1 pa3rpOMiIIJ10 rapHI.130Hbi npOTVlBHI'1Ka B 39-1.1 HaceneHHblX nyHKTax.

OpAeHoM 60rAaHa XMenbHM~Koro HarpaAMnl'l AeCf'rn. 'faCTe.,1'I coeAMHeHili". nepsaS! M3 HMX - 'fexoCnosa~KaS! 6plllraAa nOA KOMaHAOsaHl'leM reHepana nlOAs .... ra Cso60Abl. HarpIDKAeHMe COCTOAnOCb YKa30M OT 4 S!HsapS! 1944 rOAB sa Y"Iacme B oCBo6o)I(AeHIIIIII yKpaMHCKoro ropona Sen as! u,epKoBb.

nepBble Harpa)l(,ll,eHIIIR Op.D.eHOM BTOpoi'i creneua np0Il1S0WJ11.1 26 OKTROPR 1943 rona. OP.D.8HOM 60r,[laHa XMeJ1bHI.1LJ,Koro BTOPOi'i crenean HOMep O.D.IIIH 6blJ1 HarpalK,D,eH KOMaHAlilp canepaoru 6aTaIlbOHa Ma(;\op Tapaceuxo aa o6ecne'IeHille nepenpasu '1epes )].Henp B XO.D.e ero cP°pCl1pOBarU1S1.

nepBoe HarpalKAeHl.1e OP,[l9HOM 60rASHS XMe11bHIIILJ,KOrO TpeTbeiil CTeneHIll COCTORJ10Cb 2.8 OKTR6pR 1943 rona, a nepBblVi YKa3 0 HarpalK.AeHIIII1 Bblwel1 14 RHBapR 1944 rona, 8 HeM OTMe'lanIllCb ycnewHble 60eBbie .D.eV1CTBIIIR rpynnbl YKPBII1HCKI1X napTI.13aH npill oCB060lK,QeHIiIII1 ropona Oapy-r, 8 pe3Y11bTaTe 60R C BOCbMII1TblCSl4HbiM cPawliICTCKII1M rap- 1'1111301'101101 roPOA 6blJ1 oCB060lKAeH, III aa CaMOM SblCOKOM 3AaHlllIiI B3BIIIllCR xpacHbllii cpJ1ar. Ero YCTaHOBIiI11 napTIII3aH ~BaH KaJl8WHI1KOB - OAIIIH 1i13 nepasrx xaaanepOB opneaa 60rAaHa XMeJ1bHiIIlJ,KOIO rpeTbBVi CTBneHI'1.

OPAB HOM 60r AaHa XMell bH.I'1lJ,KOro nepsoOi CTeneHIII 6blJ10 coaepureuo 323 HarpalKAeHIiISI, OPAeHOM aropou CT8- neHit1 - 2390, TpeTbBVi- 5738.

3 MaS! 1995 rOAa npe311AeHT YKpa .... - Hbl neoHMA Ky"lMa y ... peAl1n auanor coaeTCKoro OPAeHa 60r"QaHa ){MenbHl4L\Koro B YKpalllHe.

OPAEH IiOfAAHA XMEDbHHqKOfO

V .. pellgeH VllaSOM DpnugugM3 BepJ(ORH020 CORoma CCCP om 10 oKmRfipR 1943 20ga.

OPABHOM HarpalK,QalllllCb KOMaHIl,IiIpbl 1.1 OOIiiU,bl KpaCHOVi APMI1I11 III BoeHHOMopccoro illIlOTa, PYKOBO.D.IiITe111.1 napra- 3aHCI(I.1X OTPRAOB 1.1 napraaauu, npORBI.1Bwille oc06ylO peWII1TellbHOCTb III YMeHllle B onepaLJ,IIIRX no paarpovy apara.

ICTUP.' DPIEHA

Op.D.eH 60rAaHB XMel1bHI.1lJ,KOrO 6blJ1 yYpelK,Q8H nOC118AHII1M i113 -cyxonyruuxn011KOBOA"IeCKIIIX Op.D.eHOS. 3TO BAIiIHCTB8HHbilii nOJ1I(OSOA"IeCKIllIii OPABH, OAHolii 113 cTeneHeill xoroporo MorJ1111 VAOCTalllsaTbcR pRAOSbie 60i'illbl 1.1 napraaauu, B raeee eAIIIHCTseHHbliii OPAeH CCCP, IIIMeBWlillil HBAnl.1Cb Ha YKpali1HCKOM R3b1KB.

OPA8H OblJ1 Y'IpelK,D,BH e .D.HI1 OCB060lKA8HIIIS! VKpalllHbI no npeA110lKeHI1IO 'IileHa 808HHoro COB en nepeoro YKPSI1HCKOrO 4lpoHTa reaepana apMlll1i1 HIIIKIi1TbI GepreeBIII'Ia XpYLJ.J.eBa. ~HIIILJ,l.1aTOpaMII1 C03AaHI1S1 OPAeHa 6blJ1111 KIiIHOpe)l(IiICC8p AneKcaHAP neTpOBIII'I AOS)I(eHKO 111 noar MIIIKOJ1a 6alKBH.

OOICRHIE OPl.EHA

8 paMKax KOHKypca 6bl11 YTseplKAeH npOBI(T npsACeAaTBJ1R COlO3a XYAOlKHI1- KOB YCCP A11eKcaH,Qpa COcPpoHosVl4a naLJ.J.SHKO, ,[lOnOI1HeHHblV1 HVlKOJ1aeM ~saHOBiII'IeM MOCKaneBbIM.

3HaK OPAeHB 60r.D.aHa XMeJ1bHIiILJ,KOrO nepBoV1 (Bblcwelii) CTeneHIiI npe.D.CTaBJlRJl c0601ii WTPaJ10BYIO nRTIiIKOHeYHYIO 3S83,Qy C 1.1306pa)l(BHVleM 60r,o,aHa XMBl1bHliIlIKoro C fiY11aaoiii B npaBoiii PYKe 11 HBAnl1CblO ,,60r,D,AH XMEJlbHV'llJ,bKVlVl" no xpao,

B 3Hal(e opneaa aropoa CTeneHI.1 nSlTVIKOH8YHaR esesna 6blJ1B BblnOI1HBHB 1113 cepeopa.

3Hal( OPAeHB 60rAaHa XMeJ1bHliIlIKOro rpeTbeVi craneaa nOJ1HOCTblO 1I13rOTaBJ1L-1- BanCS! 1i13 cepetipa, rpaHI.1 3Be3Abi 6blJ11.1 nOJ1l.1pOBaHbl.

JleHTa K OPAeHY- CBeT110-CIiIHero uaera, C npOAOJlbHblMIii 6eJ1blMIll n0I10CKaMIll.

Hml.REBII

OpAeH 60rABHB XMeJ1bHIotI..lKoro nspaoa CTeneHII1 C HOMepOM OAIIIH OWJ1 BpY4eH 26 OKTSl6pSl 1943 rona KOMaH.D.YIOUI,eMY 12-j,i apMlIIelii 'rpe n.ero VKpall1HCKOrO CPPOHTa reaepan-ssaaopy Anexceio Vll1bl1'lY AaHII1110ay aa Y'lBcTl1e B oC8060lKA8HII11>1 ropona 3anopolKbB.

Cpe.D.11 nepasix HarpalK,D,eHHblX oPAeHOM nepsoiii craneaa - KOMaHAYIOLJ.J.11Iii nepaoiii rBapAeV1cKoV1 apMlIleV1 reHepan-nOJ1I(OSHIilK AHApeV1 AHTOHOSIo14 rpeYKO lot KOMaH.D.YIOLJ.J.IllVi 47 -Vi apMlI1elii reHepaJ1-ne(;iTeHaKT illl.1Illilnn cDeoAocbeBwi )f(MayeHKO, YAOcToeHHbliil euie orurorc opneaa nepBolii CTeneHII1 B 1945 rOAY.

B 'III1CJ1e xaaanepoa oonesa nepeoa CTeneHII1 - npoCJ1aSJ1eHHble BOeHa'ianbHIIIKII1: KOMaHAylOLlIVliil apMl.1eiil MOCKaJ1eHKO KIllPIl111J1 CeMeHOBII14 iii KOMaHAYIOLJ.J.1I11ii TpeTblilM 6e11opyccKillM CPPOHTOM raaepan apMIiIIiI'-IepHI'IXOaCKllliii V'lsaH AaHliIl1oBIII'I.

4 flHBapl'l 1944 rona YKa30M «0 HarpalKAeHlI1111 KOMaHAlilpOB III KOMI1CCapOB o6beAIiIHeHII1 V1 napTIiI3aHCKVlX OTPRAOS YKPBII1HCKOiil CCP OPAeHOM 60rAaHa XMeJ1bHlIIlIKoro» 601lbWafl rpynna pyKoBoAIiITe11eVi napra- 3aHCK0V1 60Pb6bf OblJ1a OTMeYBHB OPAeHaMI.1 nepaoa iii BTOPOV1 CTenBHIiI. CpeAIii HIIIX - 1I13BeCTHbiVi napTI.13aHCKII1iil KOMBHAII1P CIII.D.OP ApTeMbeBIiI4 KOBnaK - pOAoHaY811bHII1K npaKTII1KII1 napTI.13aHCKII1X peiilAOB.

Ii cccp

cccP iii

• CtfCPETHHE

1>11\ TEPWAJI1I " ....

OSTSnbOHS MOPCKO~ nexoru iI1BSH HS3SPOSI-1., PyOSH. 3S OTpS)I(eHI-1B 8TaKl-1l1eIlOrO cj>SLUI-1CTOKOrO nOIlK8 B paaoue ~3IlyYl-1Hbl AOI,s a asrycre 1942 rona, PyoaH paa.o.eJl~n CBO~ 6STaJlbOH ua TPl-1 rpynnu, VI, Vlcnollb3YSl OAHY ~3 rpynn KaK nplo1MaHKY, 3BMBHl-1ll KpynHble Clo1nbJ npOTI1BHlo1Ka a sacanv, nocne xero nae OCTSSWl-1eCI'I rpynna BTSKOBSJH1 apara.

S .,lo1Clle Harpa)l(AeHHblx OPABHOM AneKcaHApa HeBcKoro - 70 l-1HOCTpaHHblx reuapanoa lo1 ocj>Ii1L.lepoB. OpAeHoM 6blIla Harpa)l(AeHa rpynna ocj>l1l1epOB apMlo1l1 CWA, ero nonY'W1!1lo1 KSnl1TaH BHrJl ~C1CKoro BoeHHo-MopcKoro <PIlOTS A:>KOH Xapau ¢lopoc KpOM6101.

TpeMA oPAeHsMlo1 Heecxoro 6blIllo1 HSrpa:>KAeHbr KOMaHAl1p 818- ro apTI1Ilneplo1'1CKoro nonxa 223-111 cTpeIlKoeorii ALoIBtI13t.1101 nOAnOnK08HI1K HLoIKOIlSII1 neOHTb98101Y HeBcKl1rii 11 KOMaHAlo1p 536-ro I1CTpeOIo1TenbHo-npoTlo1BoTaHKoBoro apTIIInneplo1iiicKoro nOnK8 nO.QnonKOBHIo1K iI1B8H rpl'lrOpbealll'-l 60p1'ICeHKo.

Xapacrepaoe Harp8JI(Jl.9HI'I9 OPAeHOM AneKcaHApa Heacsoro npoaaouuto 28 MaR 1945 rOAB. OP.Q9HS YAOCTOIo1IlCSI raap.0.1011'1 cTapwlllrii Ilell1T8HSHT KOCT8HKO VlasH MIIIHSeBIIIY, KOTopbriil 19 MapTa 1945 rona, HaxOAACb BO rna Be rpynnbl 60MOSPAIIIpOatUlo1KOa ao epeMA 60M6e)!(KI'I SPTIo1!1- nepllliiicKIIIX n03I<1UIo1i'1 e paaoue ropona Skildus, 610111 paHeH B ronosy OCKonKOM 3eHIIITHoro cuapsna, O.o.H8KO ycnewHo 8btnOnHII!n 3SAaHIo1e III npuaen C8MOlleT Ha asoonpov. 8 MSSl 1945 rona Kocreuxo rtpoaaaen YAap no BpS)I(eCKoMY aapoAPOMY Sirabs. B pe3YJlbT8T8 -ier o HS a3pOAPoMe oblno YHIo1YTO)!(eHO 60Ilee 6 casroneroa spars VI BblBeA8HS lo13 CTP051 eaneraas nonoca.

Bcero oPAeHoM AneKcaHApa Hescxoro oblno nooaseeneuo 42 165 HsrpS>KAeHlo1i'!. B TOM 'Hlcne - 1473 eOI'lHCKlo1e '-ISCTIo1 ~ coeA,~HBH ~51.

B 1956 rOAY opneua 6blll~ apy"eHbl ocpH4epsM, OTlllo1YIi1BWHMCI'I B nOAaBIleHHIi1 MSlTB)t(a e BeHrpli1lo1.

OPAeH coxpaaea B Cl<ICTeMe HarpaA POCCl<IMCKOiii ¢leAepaI..U·'I1II nOCTaHOBlleHl-'leM BepxoBHoro COBeTa POCCl<IMCKOiii ¢leAepal..ll-'l1ll OT 20 MapTa 1992 rona,

OPJlEH ADEKCAHJlPA HEBCKOrO

OpgeH Dbln gqpeJlgeH 29 UlOnA 1942 20ga '.a30M Dpe3ugugM3 HepxoBHo20 CORema CCCP gOR H3zpaJlgeHuR KDMangHo2o cocmaBa HpacHoii APMUU 113a BblgalOlltUeCR 3acng2u

B op2anU3a~uu u pgKoBogcmBe DoeBblMU onepaqUlIMu U 3a gocmuzHgmble

B pe3gobmame 3mux onepaquii genexu B DOAX aa PogUHglJ.

Bcxope nocne B03PO)l(A8HI1Sl OPAeHS AneKcaHApa Heacxoro, npOHCXOAIIIT nunHej;iwlo1~ paarpov cpswlilcToe B xone CTSnlllHrpBACKorii OIllTBbl.

OpAel-! AneKcaHAps Hescxoro SlBJlSleTCI'I Mn8;J:IWI-IM 1113 ~nOIlKOBOAyeCKl1x» OPAeHOB 101 eAIIIHCTseHHblM cpeAI'I HIIIX, Io1MelOw,I'IM TOIlbKO OAHY creneas. npI'IKa3 06 Y'-Ipe)I()J.eH 1'11>1 OPAeHS 6b1n nOAflI'lCaH Ha cneAYlOtUI'IH AeHb nocne npl'IKa.3a N!! 227, BBOA,lo1ewero B p,IIISIll3I'1SlX WTpacpHbl8 POTh! 101 6STSllbOHbl.

DOICUIEDPJ(fIIA

Pa3pa60TKa oPABHa HaYaIlSCb B III 10 He 1942 rona T8XHIII'-IeCKIilM KOMI1TeTOM rIlaeHOro IiIHTeHAaHTCKorO ynpaeIlBHI'ISl.

JlY~Wl'lrii 3CKI'I3 6b111 C03AaH MOIlOAblM spxl1TeKTOpOM TeIlHTHliIKOBblM, KOTOPbli.1I11Cnomaosan npocpHIlb aprucra Hlo1KoIl8SlliepKSCOBS, IIICnOJ1HASWero pons AneKcaH.o.pa Heecxoro a cpl1J1bMe Cepres 8i'l3eHwTei.1Ha.

3HaK opneua AIleKcsHAPS Heacxoro npencraanwt c060rii nSlTI1KOHe'-lHYIO 3e83- AY, nOKpbrrylO py6lo1Hoeo-KpacHoiil 3M8I1blO, Ha cpO He ABCIH~KOHeYHorii urrpanosoa aseaasr.

8 uaarpe nSlTIo1KOHeYHOlll3BB3Abi - KPyrnblrii tUlo1T a oxosax C H306PIDK8HI'I8M Anexcasnpa HeecKoro 1'1 HBAnl'lCblO «AneKcsHAP HeecKIiI'1". UJ,I1T oKa(1MneH naBpoBblM n030nO.,eHHb1M eeH,KOM. H~)I(Hl1e KOHUbl seTBei'! aeHKa 3SKPblTbi cpli1ryPHblM UJ,I1TOM C cepnov ~ MOIlOTOM. Hs cj>oHe Ilyyeiil AeCSlTItIKOHe'lHO~ 3ae3Abi 1II306pa)l(eHbi KOHUbl Aeyx n030IlO.,eHHbIX TOnOpI1KOBoepAbILUe~. B Hl-1)1(Heiii YSCTI1 opneua cKpetUeHbl n030J10.,e.HHble Mey, xonse, nYK ~ KOnyaH co CTpenSMI1.

OPABH 6bm c60pHblM VI 113rOTBa.J1I11BMCSllll3 cepe6pa.

OpAeHCK851 neura 6b1na rOIly6oro 4BeTs C npoAollbHOIl1 KPSCHOH nOJlOCOIil nocepeAI'IHe. OpAeH8, 113fOTOBIleHHblB C 1942 no 1944 rOA, cocroana aa YSCTecii, 8 uenbHOurrBMnOBSHHblMIII OHIII CT8I1101 C 1944 BnIlOTb .0.0 1991 rOAS.

Pa3Mep oPAeH8 Me)!()J.y KOHUOM xpacHOj;i 3a83Abi 1'1 npOn-1aOIle)t(atUej;i BepWI1- HOi'l AeCSlTI'IKOHe'-lHoj;; CPl'lryPbI - 50 MM. PSCCTOSlHI'IB OT uexrpa OPA8HB .0.0 sepWlo1Hbl !1106oro 143 aMaJlBBblX nY'Iej;; ns:rTIIIKOHeYHoj;; 3ae3Abi - 26-27 MM.

HArPAIIElU

8 CTaTyTe roaopanocs, YTO oPAeHOM MOryT HSrp8.)I(,QBTbcA nl'lWb KOMaHAVlpbl BOIo1HCKI'IX yaCTei'! OT aasona AO nO!1Ka BKIlfOyItITenbHO, HO cornacao YKa3y OT 10 HOSl6pl'! 1942 rona, OPAeHOM Harpa)l(AaJllIICb KOMaHAHpbl AI1BIII31'1j;; 101 6plo1rBA.

OPA9H BPY'laIlCI'! BABoe 'latUe, '18M ace OCTaJlbHbl8 nonKOBOAyeCKl'le OPAeHS aMBCTe B351Tble.

OPABHOM Al1eKCaH,lJ,pS Heacxoro Obln Ha r paxzie« aaaan OIlK "H op M a HAiti 11- HeMaH", TSK KaK coaarcxoe KOMaHAOaSHII!e noc-urrano He KoppeKTHblM HarpalKA8Tb CPPSHUY3CKI'IX JleT'-IIi1KOe OPAeHaMIo1 Cyeopoaa Io1JlII! Kyry30as.

OpAeHOM AIleKCSHApa Hescxoro aa HOMepOM OAItiH 60.111 uarpaxas« KOMSH,lJ,IIIP

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III CEfCPETHHE MAT~IAJlbl ~_

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CEKPETHHE III MATEflIAJlbl ,._

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UpnEH HAXHMUBA

B Halfane 1944 20ga HaploMg BoeHHo-MopCK020 dlnoma agMupang HUIDnaHl fepacuMDBulfg Kg3HeQoBg gganoch gfiegumb CmanuHa

. 0 HeoOxoguMocmu c03gaHuR II.MOpCIIUX opgeHoBII YmaMooa u HaxuMoBa.

YKa3 np83_'A~YMa Bepxoeaoro COS8Ta CCCP 06 Y'Ip8>K,Q8HIII~ OPA8HOS Yuraxoaa _, Hax~Mosa nepaoji iii STOPOi.1 cT8n8H8i.1 8blW8ll rperserc MapTa 1944 rona.

DOMCABIE DPRERA

DPA8H np8ACTaSllS18T c060i.1 n~TIiIKOH8YHYIO 3S83AY, COCT8Sll8HHYIO _'3 rpaseHblX Jl83S_'C1 M8Y8i.1. Ha 3S83AY HallOlK8H M8AallbOH, 06paMJl8HHbli.1 MOPCKIiIM TpOCOM, aro nOJl8 noxpsrrcro rOJly60M SMaJlblO, 8 S U,8HTP nOM8~8Hbl nOpTp8T Ywaxosa _, HaAnlilCb "AAMIilP8J1 YwaKOS».

1113-nOA M8AaJlbOHa aucrvnaer Vl30- 6palKeHVle SlKOPSl C uensio. Ha SlKOPHOM HOCY - cepn III MOllOT, nononaeasue Ha 3HaKe OPA8Ha nepeoa CT8n8HIII naapoaoa III Ay6osoi.1 B8TS~MVI. S1KOPb III uens B 3HaKe

OPAeHB nepSOM CTeneHIiI OKCVlAlilP08BHbi.

OpAeH YwaKOaB nepsoa CTeneHIiI 1i13roTa8J1L1SBflCSl 1i13 nnaruasr, STOPOM crenesa -1iI330nOTB.

Y'IpeJKAeH YKa30M npe311AI1YMa BC CCCP 3 MapTa 1944 rona,

DpAeH 6blJl npeAHB3HB48H,QflSl -arpax,0,8 H III~ oq,liIl.Iepoa B08H HO - M opcxoro ¢lllOT8 38 "Bbl,o,alO~1iI8CSl ycnexn S paapa60TK8, npOa8,D,8HL1_' L1 06eCn8'-18HL1V1 MOPCKVlX onepauaa».

OPA8H HaXIIIMOBa CXOlK C OPA8HOM KYTy30sa 1113-3a «060POHVlT8JlbHoro» xapaxrepa.

HArPAIIIREHMI

·¢lnOTOBO,D,yeCKVlMII1» o p,D,eH aM III Harpa>K,Q8J1Ii1Cb aAMVlP8J1bl, rssepanu VI 0¢L1- uepu.

DpA8H YwaKosa CYIIITaJlCSl 60n88 SbICOKOi.1 uarpanoa, H8lKelllll OP,Q8H HBXIIIMosa.

B cra ryre opne+ia OTpa3V1JlVlCb Y8pTbl ¢JlOTOSO,o,'-I8CKOrO IiICKYCCTsa ¢l8- nopa YwaKOSB, KOTOPblC1 O,QeplKIiISBJl n06e,o,bl Ha,o, npeaOCXO,Qll~IIIMIi1 CIi1JlaMIi1 npOTIi1SHL1Ka.

nepsblt:1 YKa3 0 HBrpa)l(,D,eHlII1I1 Op,ll,eHOM nepsoa (SblcweVi) CTeneHIII nOllBlI1nCll 16 Mall 1944 rona - Harpa>K,Q8Hbl 6blnl>1 npli1yaCTHbl8 K oCBo6oli<AeH~1O KpblMa.

3HaK oPA8Ha Yuiakoaa HOM8p O,a.I>1H 6blJl SPYY8H BIla,D,VlMl>1py ¢lVlIll>1nnoSVI'-IY Tp~6yu,y - aAMlllp8J1y KpaCHo3HaM8HHoro 6BIlT~McKoro onora (YKB3 OT 22 Ii1IOIlll 1944 rO,QB).

nOCn8,D,H88 spy'4eHlIle opaeaa YWSKOsS COCTOllllOCb B 1968 ro,o,y: HBrpB)KA8HB 6blIlS B08HHO-MopcKaSl aKBA8MoU1 (VlMeHI>1 Ky3H81.10SB).

3a rOAbl SOiiiHbl 6blno npoaseeneao 36 HarpaJKAeHHiii OPAeHOM nepBOM CTeneHI1 - ero YAOCTOl1lll1Cb 25 'IeIlOBeK 11 B «PIlOTCKHX coeAI1HeHl1iii. OPAeHOM BTOPOM CTeneHH npoaaeena 194 HarPBJKAeHIIISl: ero nony'llllllH 182 l.IellOBeKa 1112 COeAI1HeHI1M.

ODIICAHIIE OPREHA

3HaK Op,a.8HS HaXI1MOSa n8pao~ CT8- n8HI1 - n~Ii1KOH8'-1Ha~ py6l1Hosa>1 3ae3,D,a, OKaHTOSBHHa~ MeT8J1IlOM, KOHlJ,bI3Se3AHbIX llY'-l8i1l nep8XO,lJ,HT 8 CTIIlJ11130aaHHbI8 nsnbl 51·KopeC1, a S Cepe,ll,I1He 3Se3,Qbl HS 30nOTOM M8ABJlbOHe, nOKpblTOM rony6oH 3M8J1blO - 11306p8lKeHIi1e aAMli1paJla VI HaAnlllCb «AAMli1p8J1 HaXI>1MOS". no,Q 11306pmKeHIi18M nexar AS8 naapoasie BeTSVI, HB C08,o,Ii1H8- HIIII>1 KOTOPblX - C8pn 11 MOIlOT.

Op,D,8H HaXIilMOSB nepaoa (SbICW8~) CT8neHL'I CTaJ1 8AI1HCTS8HHbiM 113 COS8TCKIIIX Op,D,8HOS (KpOMe opneaa n06e.o.bl), S YKpaw8HI11i1 xoroporo Ii1Cn0J1b30BaHbl nparOlJ,8HHble KBMHIi1.

B IlY'-l1>13Se3,D,bl BCTasnBHbl nsm, KpynH blX CIi1HT8TIII'-IeCKI1X py5V1Hoa. Ocaoaa 3S83Abi op,o,eHB III e8 OKaHTOSKa - cep86pllHble. PBCCTO!1Hllle Meli<,D,y npOTI1BOJlelKa~II1M~ sepWIIIHaMIil py611HOSOH 3883,£1101 - 56 MM.

3HaK opneaa HaXI>1MOSB STOPOM CT8neHill BblnOJlH8H 1113 cepe6pa, ero 38e3AB noxpura py6l11HoBo-KpacHoH 3M8J1blO. n8HTa OP,D,8HS nepsoa CTen8HIII - opaH-

xesas C npoaonsuoa Y8pH0i4 nonocoa no ue-rrpy Ii1 Y3KIIIMIi1 YepHblMl'1 nonocavu no KpB~M. BTOpO~ CTeneHIi1 - opa-eeeaas C ,o,.ayMll nOIlOCaMIi1 .

HArpAIIIR~HIIR

nepsoe HarpBlK,D,8HL'l8 COCT051nOCb B 1944 ro,o,y no nplo1K83Y KOMaH,D,ylO~8ro CesepHblM ¢lnoToM, rorna KaK pausure HBrpali<,D,eHII1Sl CTOJlb SblCOKI>1MIo1 oPA8HaMI>1 np0Ii13SoA.II1IlI>1Cb TOflbKO YKa3BMIIl BepxosHorO Cosera CCCP.

YKB3 0 nepBOM Harpa)KA8HI1I11 OP,D,8- HOM HaxVlMOBB BTOpOt:1 CT8n8HIi1 3S HOM8- POM OAIi1H O¢I1U,Ii1BflbHO suuren 22 I1IOJl51 1944 rona.

Bcero OPAeH HaXVlMos8 nepaoa CT8- neHVI 6blJl Bbl,a.aH 80 pas, B TOM YVlCn8 nllHI COe,D,Ii1HeHL>111M _, '-I8CT51M BM¢l; Cp8,D,1i1 HL>1X 6blJlli1 nepsas C8saCTonOllbCK851 6pVlra,o,a ropnenuax xatepo B "i8PHOM 0 PCKO ro rnnora III nepsas KPBcHo3HaMeHHB~ 6pVlrana Topne,o,Hblx KBTepOB KPBCH03HaMeHuoro 68J1TI1i.1CKOro ¢IlOTB.

OpAeH HaXI1MOBa BTOPOM CTeneHIII 6blll Bpy'leH 467 pas, B TOM 1.1l1cne AByM 'IaCTSIM BMeIl. OAHa 113 HIIIX - MI1HHOTopneAHblM aB~au.~OHHbl'" TaIlIlIllHCKI1~ nonx KpaCHO-3HaMeHHoro 6B11T~MCKOro «pIlOTa.

d eecp

CER:PETHliE IIATEP;!AJJH ~_

eccp

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o anpenA 1930 20ga Dpe3ugugMoM CCCP fibln gqpelKgeH opgeH DeHDHa - BblcwaA Ha2paga COBemcKo2o COID3a. 3mo nepBblii opgeH COBemello20 COID3a, KomopblM Ha2paJl(ganu 11311 sa fioeBble, mal U sa mpggoBble omnUIlUR.

IICTOPIII OPIEHA

Ew,s s cepe,QIo1He 1920-x ronoa npennonaranocs BblAaBSTb llllllJ,aM, Y'KS Io1MSBW 111M '1eTblpe OPAeHa Kpacuoe 3HaMI'I, oPAeH

nOA H83BaHilleM 3HaMI'I fleHIo1Ha. npOSKT nplllHI'IT He 6blll, o.,D,H8KO COBHapKOM npa-

auan nOTpe6HOCTb B C03.o.SHIo1111 nOA06Ho.III HsrpS,I:Ibl (B .c\OKYMeHTax - OPASH MIlblll'la).

0p,I:IeHQM J1eHIo1Ha Harpa)f(,D,snIllCb QT.o.enbHble rpS)I():ISHe, KonneKTIo1Sb1101 Y'-IPS)K.o.eHIIIR sa oceeae aacnyru B COll,lIIallIo1CTVI'JeCKOM crpoarenscrae, 8 TaK)f(e SKJla,.o. B YKpenneHllle 060POHbi crpaasr.

0p.c\eH fleHI<1Ha cran BPY'laTbC5I C 1931 rona, Ha nepeoe HarpEVKAeHlo1e ,I:IaTl<1pOBaHO 1930-M. ~3a aKTL-IBHaB caAei:\cTBlile S YCIIIJleHlII1II TeMnOB, pa3BIIITlAe ccucepeaHo.aS.H1011'1 101 YIly<1weHlo1e rocvaapcraeaaoro annapara- HsrpaAbl 38 Ho.MepOM OAIIIH 6bIJla Y.c\OCTOBHB raaara "Ko.MCaMOnbCKaH

npasna».

06nlll OPAEHA

B KOMno.3111q141O Opp,BHS o.6pB3LJ,B '930 rOAS, Kpo.MB npo4lIllJlI'I J1eH14Ha BXOAIllIlIll TpByrollbHIIIK - CI1MSOIl cojoaa pa6o'llo1x, KpeCTbl'lHCTBa L-I IIIHTeJlJllilreHLlIIII<1, a raxxe TpaKTOp - C14MBOnIllHAycTpt.-1aJlH3al..llillll.

CEfCI'ETRHE •

IIATEP}!AJJH ~_

OpAeH lleHlilli8. PaHHIiI~ e3p1iI3HT.

BpY'l3I1CH C 1930 no 1932 r. r.

OPAeH lleHIiIHa.

BpY'laI1CH C 1932 no 1991 r. r.

XYAo.lKHIo1K MBaH MBaHo.BltI'1 ,ll,y6acoB IIIcnOJl saosan ocro rpacp~ 10,. cnanaaHylO BIo1KTOpo.M KapI10BH'leM6ynJlaC1 aa MOCKoaCKOM kourpecce KOMIIIHTBpHa B IilIOJle-aBrycT8 1920 rona. Ha He~ BnaAI<1- MIilP Mnbw-I aanexarnea B npocpliIJlb cnesa or apsrrens.

,ll,o , 932 rOAa 6b1ll0 Bbmyw,eHo OKOllO 700 nO.Ao6HbIX OPAeHo.B 1013 cepefipa. Ew.s oceHblO 1931 rona 06paTIIIllIiI BHIoIMaHlole ua TO, 'ITO APyrlile sarpanu CCCP YKpaweHbl IIBeTHblMltI 3MBMIMltI ropaaao 60ra'1s. K TOMy)t(B Ha BblcweM OPASHS rocvnapcrsa OTCYTCTBOBaJlltl OCHOBHwe COBeTCKltIe CHMBOnbl - KpacHoe 3HaMS1 iii KpaCHatl 3ae3Aa.

B Ha'1aIlS 1932 rona XYAo.>KHIIIKH KynpVltlHOB, J1eBIo1UKIiI~ III Ilerp Tae>KHbliii, MSAaIlbepbl rOIleHeLlKltIi1 III KpecToBcKl<1iii npacTynlllnlol K C03AaHiolIO 60nes coaepureuHo.ra oPAeHB.

T8K nORBltInCIl noprper-wenansou. o6paMlleHHbliiI 30nOTbiM seHKOM 1i13 KOllOcsea PlK"'_ Ha nesoa cropose BeHKa pacnonaranacs KpacHaR 3B83,Qa, BHlII3y-cepn iii MOIlOT; cnpaea - nonoraauie spacaoro 3HaMeHI>1 C Ha.c\nlilcblO "J1BHIiIH».

B 0PAeHax, apv-raauraxcs C '936 no 1943 ron, npocplllnb J1eHIllHa 6bln nnaruHOBblM, caM oPAeH 1oI3roraBIllilBanCR 1i13 30nOTa 950-1ii npo.6bl.

TSKltI8 opneaa apY'lsIlIiICb VI BO BpeMR 8eIlHKoI OTB'JBCTBBHHOIII BoiilHbI - C 1943 rona .0.0 pacnana CCCP. 3a 3TOT ne-

PVlO.o. fiuno npoaaeeneao 5 856 aarpaxneHIoIi.1.

nOCJle pacnana COBerCKoro Co.I03a HOBblX npencraarreuaji Ha op)leH J1eHliIHa He npOltl3BO,l:lW10Cb.

BArPA.J1EBIII

CpeAIii rex, KTO 6bln Harpa.l!(,[\eH opneHaMill neH!IIHa C nspBblMIil HOMepaMIil - BltIlle-npe3lt1,1:1sHT AH CCCP rnetS MaKCIo1- MVlflVlaHOBI<1'l KP)f(IoI)f(BHOBCKI'1I, ocaoearans COBBTCKOiil WKo.nbl He4lTRHoi11 reonorlillil MaaH MVlxaiilllOBW-I ry6K14H, rOCYAapCTBeHHbllii AeHTenb H III KOIl a iii AneKcaHAPoal<1'1 6YJ1raHVlH, Ceprelll MI-1POHOBW-I KVlpoa.

3HaK Kp>KlIIlKaHo.BCKo.ro VlMeeT caMbl1ii MBIleHbKIIIIIIHOMepH3BceX3HBKOBnepBoro runa, AoWeAWIIIX,I:IO Hac (HOMBp 15).

Opneua fleHIIIHa YAOCTOIIIJlIIICb MaaH BnaAHM\I1pOBIiI'I MVI'1yplilH, AneKceiii MaKCIiIMOBIiI'l rOpbKVliiI. HHKonalll OCTPOBCKIo1Iii, MlilxalilJl WOIlOXOB, AneKcsiiI ToncToiii.

30IloTbie opnesa J1SHIIIHB 6blIlH BPY'1eHbl Mlilxalo1IlY HIiIKoIlseBlil'ly TyxaxeaCKaMY, Banepmo 4KanoBY, n03TY AeMbRHY 6eAHoMy iii HaAe)f(,D,e KOHCTaHTIIIHOBHe KpyncKOiiI.

nocne y"'pe>K,Il;eHHR 16 anpena 1934 rona 3aaHIiIH repoS! Cosercsoro COI03a, oPAeH neHVlHB cran apysarscs BceM norryYIIIBWII<1M 3TO noxeruoe aaaawe. nOCKOnbKY MeAallb ,,30IlOTBH 3Se3,D,a .. 6bl1lB Y"Ipe)l(ASHa lllilWb a 1939 rOAY, OPA9H J1eHI<1HB OCTBeSnCI'l S,QIIIHCTBeHHbIM 3HBKOM OTI1I11- '1111>1 AJ1>1 repoeB. rtocne y'1PB)I():IBHVlR 30.no.-

Toi13ae3Abl repOR, OPP,BH J1eHIiIHB nponon>KBn BblAaBaTbCI'I aMeCTe C Helll.

Bo apSMI'I BenlilKolii Ore'lBCTBBHHOiii BOIIIHbl opnea apy",ancSi 6o.nee 41 TbICSl4V1 pas aa 60eBbie aacnyra, OpAeHaM 6binVl Harp8)f(,D,eHbl 207 -racraa, coeA.IIIHeHII1I11 KpacHolII APMIilIiI H BOBHHO-MopcKoro. 4lIlQTB.

B 1941 rOAY aa MaccoBbliil repolll3M 6bllllil Harpa)f(.c\eHbl AeCI'ITKI1 3aeo.A08, 4la6pliIK, rocYABpcraeHHblx iii 06w,ecTseHHblX OpraHI<13aUt.-1ii1.

Flepaas rBapAeiiicK81'1 '-lepTKOBCKal'l TaHKOeB>l 6plllra.o.s npowna or MOCKBbl .0.0 6epIlIiIHa, Ha'lae CBO~ 60eaoiii nyrs nOA BOJlOKOnaMcKoM, 3aTeM 6plilrMs nplllHVlMana y'laCTl<1e B 60RX aa Open, cpaxanacs Ha KYPcKoi1Ayre, 3a OTfllll'1l11e a 60RX npa B3RTIiIVI nccenxa B 1943 rOAY 3TB 6pli1ra,.o.s nonY'Jllln8 caoa nepBbliil oPAeH J1eHIo1Ha. B 1945 rotly sa npopsra 8 5psHAeH6ypre - BTo.POlII, KOTOPbliil Bpy'lIilIlVl 6plllra,.o.e Y'Ke 9 MBA 945 rona Y 6paHAeH6yprcKlilx SOpOT B 6ep11II1He.

Bcero JKe aa apeMSI, npoweAwee co AHSI Y'<IpeJKAeHIIIA oPAeH8, 6bl110 npo- 1113seAeHO 6allee 400 TbICI'I't H8rpelKAeHIilVi. CaMoe n03,D,Hee 1i13BeCTHoe HarpaJKJ\eHlile COCTOIUlOCb II 1991 ra,D,y.

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no ~1Tor8M C088TCKO-q,IIIHCK0(;1 KaMnaH.1II III , 38aHIIII'I repol'! Y.o.OCTOIIIJH1Cb 412 '1enOBeK.

B KOHLJ,e 1940 rOAB npOTIliBOpe'lIllBbIM repOeM Coeercxoro COlO3a cran YlcnaHell PaMOH MepKa.o.ep, YJlOCTOeHHbJi:1 aroro 38aHIII!'! sa yOl.1HCTBO B MeKCIIIKe onansaoro J1bBa Tpousoro. npIIIC80eHO asasae 6hlno ceKpeTHb!M YKa30M, 8 KOTOPOM 3HB'1WlaCb '1Y>Kal'l q,aMlllnllll'l, TaK Kal< nocne y6111HcTBa MepK8Aep 6bJJ1 apeCT088H III conepxancn 8 MeKCIIIK8HCKOlil TlOpbMe. J1I11Wb 'lepe3 ABa,o,lIaTb ner, 8b1O\A.1'I1II3 TlOPbMbl, OH CMor nOI1Y'1I-1Tb C8010 30110rylO 38e3,o,y. lI1cnaseu CTaIl nocne.o.HIrIM repOeM COBeTCKOro COlO3a B npe.o.BoeHHblH neplllo.o..

Bcera a nepSblH BoeHHb11il ron 3aaHIIIS! repol'l !Sblll0 y,o,OCToeHO I1I11Wb HeCKOllbKO .o.eCl'I1'l<oa senoee«. Harpa)t(,AeHIliR npouaBO.o.IIIlll-ICb C Ill1011S! no 0lITR6pb 1941 rOAB.

B 1941 roAY KOMal1Alllp ocol5oro l.1crpe- 6111TellbHoro aBI-IBnOJ1KB, no,o,nOllKOBHI-IK Crenaa naBlloawl CynPYH, nplllKPblBaSl rpynny 60M6ap.o.lllpOBIl.IllfKOS, S O,o,IIIHO"lKY Bcrynllfll B 60cil C weCTblO Bpa)f(eCKIIIMIll IIIcTpe61117ellRMIII 1-1 n0l1yYlII11 CMepT81lbHOe paHeHI-IB, vcnes nOC8JlIIITb n08pe)K,IJ.eHHbliii I1cTpe6l11Tellb. CynpYH nepBblM a nepnon OTe"leCTBeHHolii SOHHbl 6blll aarpax.o.eH sropoa MeAaJlblO 301l0TaSl 3Be3.o.a nocMepTHo.

nplllcBoeHlole 38aHIIII'I repoSl s0306HoBII11100b 3111MOiii 1942 rona noons 1113rHaHIIIR 38X8aT'IIliKoa sa npe.o.enbl MooKoacKoH 0611BOTIil. Bcero no IIfTOraM 6111TBbi nOA MOCKSolil 3aBHllle nOlly"u"l1l11 6011ee era yeJ10BeK.

Blblcweii1 CTeneHIII OTJlIIIYIIII'I CCCP no CM e PTHO 6 billa Y,l:IOCTOe Ha aoceM H8A1I8TIIIJl eTHI;;1 napTIII- 3aHKa 301'1 AHaTOJ1beSHB KOCMO.o.eMbIlHCKaSl. OH8 crana nepaoa repOIllHeOi 1113 87 )f(eHlLIIIIH.

repOSlMIII1943 rona crane Y'18CTHIIIKIIl GT8J1I11HrpaACKOIil6I11TBbl.

B 1945 rOAY y>:e AB8>K,D,bl repoLii Mapwafl reoprllllil KOHcTaHTIIIHOalll"l )t(YKoa 6blll Harpa>t<,o,eH TpeTbeiil 30110TOLii 3ae3,o,oLii. CpeAlil ,!JiBa)f(.o.bl repOeB 6blJlIII ew,e TPIII Mapwana ceserceoro COf038 (AlleKcaHAP MlllxaLiiIlOBIIIY BaclII-

Meganb 30nomall 30e3ga zepoll pacnonaZanaCb BblWe UHblK 3HalOO OmnU~UA o Ha2pagHoM naHmeOHe. rnaBHblU sa2pagHou 3HaK fiblfl y~peHlgeH 0 Ka~eCmBe gononHeHUIL I 3BaHUIO repou CORemCII020 COlO3a, lomopoe fibIDO gcmaHoBneHO

DocmaHOOneHUeM qRI CCCP om 16 anpenA 1934 20ga.

MeAanb 30110T8H 3Be3A8 repOH - 3HaK BblcweH CTeneHI'I OTnl1yI'ISI, 3BaHI1!! repO!! COBeTCKoro C01033.

B HeM ro80PIIIJlOCb 0 BpyyeHlil1ll oc060Lii rpaMOTbl repOAM, HIIIKaKlIIX ,l:IpyrVlx 3HaKOB OTJlIII'lIllR TorAB He npeAYCMBTPIIIS81l0Cb.

3BaHIIle Fepoa eccp - nepaoe a Mlilpe 3BaHllle raxoro pona, nonrsepxneuaoe OcPlIlLJ,lIl81lbHO.

IICTOPMI HArPA.Dbl

n0J10)f(eHllle 03salWWl repoSl6blJ10 3acPIIlKcIIlpOB8HO a 1936 rOJlY, B HeM rosopanocs 0 apYYeH1ll1iI a CBSl3111 3TII1M CTa1)lCOM opneaa J1eHIIIHa_

1 asrycra 1939 rona YKa3 BepxoBHoro COB era eeGP 06 1113MeHeHlllIiI CTaTblll ,,0 .o.on.OIlHIliTellbHbIX aaaxax orna"!IIlA IJl1A repoes Oosercecro COlO3aDyYpsAIIIJ1 MeA8J1b 301l0T8R 3ee3.o.a. Torna HI>1KTO elO HarpW!<,O,eH He 6b1J1.

PIiICYHOK Me,O,aJWI 6blJl cnenas r118aHblM Xy,o,O)f(HIIIKOM .. Fosaaxa» II1BaHOM Ay6BC08bIM.

MeA811b repoS! 1i13rOTaBnIllB81laCb 1113 30JlOTa B $OpM8 nSl7111KOHBYHOH3SB3Abi C ,l:IsyxrpaHHbIMII111yYaMIII. Ha 060- pOTHoOi CTopOHe 'HaxOJlIil1l8Cb Ha,o,nlllCb ~repoiii CCCP ». nplII nOBTopHOM Harpa>KAeHIIII1 B aepxHeM l1yYe craaanacs plIIMCKall Ulllq,pa.

OpAeHCK8!'!lleH78 Me,o,aJlIII 6blfl8 KpacHoiil.

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rBpOee CoaeTcKoro COlO3a HaC"!II1TblBaJlOCb 150J1bwe, yeM KBa81lep08 ll1050iii creneHIIl 11I060ro nonsoaoa-acxoro opnexa (19 3aaHI>1Ci 6bl110 npacaosao repoRM nOCMBPTHO).

4 HoS!6pSl1939 rona npoaaouino apy'leHllle Me.o.anlll3a HOMepoM OAIIIH repolO CCCP I1BTYIIIKY AHaTOJllll1O BBCIIIllbeSI1YY J1llnI1ABBCKOMY, y,o,ocTOeHHOMY BblCOKoro aeaHillS! S 1934 rOAY aa yyaCTlile B CnaceHlII1II '1emOoKIIIHu,ea. OH COB8PWIII1l 29 nmLCKoablX nOJleTOS B nypry III e HeH8- crse, npaxne yeM 06HapY>KII1J1 IIIX nareps. nOClle xero, PIIICKYSI )f(1iI3HblO, coaepumn nOC8JlKY Ha llbJlVlHY 111 eblBe3 .o.eeH8JlLJ,aTb "IeJ10aeK - .o.eCIlTb )f(eHw,I'IH III A.ayx .o.eTeii1.

B 1938 III 1939 ronax rapoa XanXII1H-rOJla nepBblMIil KOJlJlBKTIIIBHO nonYYIIIJ1111 MeA8J1111 30JlOTail 38e3.o.8.

B Hayane 1940 rona 30J10Tble 3Be3Jlbi apYYIiIJlIII nRTH8JlLlaTI1 "IJleHaM 3Klilna>t<a neAOKOJ1bHoro napoxoaa .. reoprlllH CeAOB" • .o.petliq,OBaawero BO nbA8X Cesepuoro neAOBIIlToro oxeaua 812 AHetii. n03)f(e nplIICBoeHllle 3BaHlllIil repOR sceMy 3Klllna)f(Y Kopa6Jlll, 11111111 B08MY 11Il1YHOMY cocraay nOJlpa3,o,e.neHIIIR nO'1TI1 HI1KorAB He nOBTOpIlJlOCb.

neSCKIllOi, V1saH CTenaHOSl.1Y KoHee, KOHCT8HTIIIH KOHCTaHTIIlH081i1Y POKOCCOBCKi'lIil) III fJ1aBHbllil MapwaJl aB1II8u,1II111 AJ1eKCaH.tlpAneKOBH.o.POBl.1Y HOBI'IK08

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Willi:; ceMb 118T B TIOpbM8 ef1110Tb .0..0 CMepTIil CTaI1I11Ha).

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n e r e an ap uu e lleT'lt-1KIII lI1saH HIoIKIIITOBIIIY KO)f(8,o,y6 III AneKcaH,o,P I;IBaHOalll'-l nOKpbIWKIIIH.

3a nonaara, coaepureuaue B rOAbI BOi:;Hbl, 3BaHillSI repOR 6bllll'l y.o.OCToeHbl 're, lITO nOI1Y'-lllln pasee KlleHMO «npeAaTenb PO.o.l.1HbI~. TaK 30J1OT0I1 3S83Jloiii 6bln Harpa)t(,AeH 3aw.IIITHI>1K EipecTCKoCi xpenccTt-1 Maiiiop flerp Mlilxaiii.noSlII<l raap\ll1los.

B 1991 ra.QY nOCJ1e «nYTYa» COCTOllllOCb nOCMepTHOe, nocnezu-ee nplllcBoeHllle 3BaHIIISI repoes TPOIIIM yYBC1'HIIIKaM COl5bITII1ii1.

3aaHlile repoS'! 6bLJ10 BOCCT8HOBJ1eHO 3aKOHOM ,,06 YCTBHOBlleHlII1II 3BaHIiIR repoiii POCCIo!HC'KOiii cPeAep8l4M1o! Io! Y'lpe)l(' AeHHIII3HaKa oc060ro OTnl'l'illlH - Me.o.anlo! 30nOTaR 3BB3Aa" OT 20 MapTa 1992 rOAa III BBBABHO B AeiiicTBIilB B TOT)I(e AeHb.

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