Tamil Life Insurance Guide

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Mrpupau; $w;W
md;G tzf;fk;.
MAs; fhg; gP l; L j; Jiw gy; N tW fhyfl; l q; f spy; gy; N tW
khWjy;fis re;jpj;J tUfpwJ. xt;nthUKiw murhq;f Mizak;
(IRDA) newpKiwfis tFf;Fk; NghJk; thbf; ifahsu; eyidNa
fUJfpwJ. ,jdhy; MAs; fhg;gPl;L tzpfk; NkYk; nghyptile;J
rupahd tbtk; ngWfpwJ. ,e; j Neuj; j py; ehk; xd; i w kdjpy;
nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. vy;yhk; ed;ikf;Nf..!
MAs; fhg;gPL vd;gJ xt;nthU kdpjDf;Fk; ,d;wpaikahj
jpl; l k; MFk; . eP q; f s; ,e; j ,d; wpaikahj jpl; l j; j pid rpwg; g hf
tbtikj; J cq; f sJ thbf; i fahsUf; F toq; F tjd; %yk;
fpilf;Fk; tUkhdj;ij ngWfpwPu;fs;.
cq;fSld; gyu; MAs; fhg;gPl;L Kftu;fshf Nru;e;jhu;fs;.
xUrpy khjq; f spy; > gyiu fhzKbtjp; y ; i y. XupU tUlq; f spy;
ngUk;ghyhNdhiu ,t;tzpfj;jpy; fhzKbtjpy;iy. Mdhy; xUrpyu;
kl; L Nk eP b j; J epiyf; f pwhu; f s; . ,J kpfTk; tUe; j j; j f; f xd; W
my; y th? mjpfkhd fhg; g P l ; L Kftu; f s; kw; W k; tpw; g idahu; f s;
,Ue;jhy;jhd; ,e;jpahtpd; vjpu;fhyk; eykhf mikAky;yth?
cq; f Sf; F tpag; g hf Njhd; w yhk; . mjpf Kftu; kw; W k;
tpw;gidahsu; MAs; fhg;gPl;L tzpfj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy;
v g ; g b , e; j p a h tp d; v j pu ; f h y k; t s k h f , U f ; Fn k d ; W . , J
cz;ikjhd;.
xu jdpkdpjdpd; nghUshjhu epiyg; g hL vd; g J> mtu;
ve; j nthU epiyapY k; mtUf; Fk; mtiu rhu; e ; j tUf; F khd
NjitfSf; fhf gpwiuNah> muirNah rhuhky; ,Ug; gJ. mjhtJ>
ekJ kw; W k; ek; i k ek; g pAs; N shu; md; w hl tho; t hjhuj; j pw; f hd
mstpw; fhtJ ng hUshjhuj; ij Nrkpj; J itj; J f; nfhs; tJ .
cjhuzj; j pw; F xUtUila FLk; g j; j pw; f hd khjhe; j pur; nryT
&.10>000 MfpwJ vd; w hy; > me; j FLk; g j; j pd; rk; g hjpf; F k; jiy-
tUf; F vd; d MdhYk; ,e; j &.10>000 khjhkhjk; njhlu; e ; J
fpilf;fNtz;Lk;.
khjk; &.10>000 fpilf; f Ntz; L nkd; w hy; > Fiwe; j J 12
yl; r q; f is tq; f papy; nlghrpl; Mf NghlNtz; L k; . ,e; j njhi-
fahd 12 yl;rq;fis Nru;f;f eLj;ju FLk;gq;fSf;F gy Mz;Lfs;
MFk; my; yth? Mdhy; me; j jiytu; mj; j id Mz; L fs;
capUld; tho; t hu; vd; g jw; F vd; d cj; j puthjk; ? cldbahf 12
yl;rj; jpw; fhd xU nrhj; ij mtu; thq; fNtz;Lnkd;why; mjw; fhd
xNu jPu;T MAs; fhg;gPL kl;LNk. mtUila tUkhdj;jpy; Mz;Lf;F
&.3500 g pupkpak; nrY j; j pdhy; ,wg; g pd; Ng hJ 10 yl; r Kk; >
tpgj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; tpgj;jpd; NghJ 20 yl;rKk; mtuJ
FLk;gj;jpw;F fpilf;Fk;.
,t; t hW xt; n thUtUk; jd; i dAk; jdJ FLk; g j; i jAk;
Nrkpg;Gld; $ba MAs; fhg;gPl;L jpl;lj;jpd; %yk;; nghUshjhuj;jpy;
jd;dpiwT mile;jhy;> ekJ ehl;bd; ,ytr kw;Wk; rYifj;
2 www.verticalprogress.net
jpl; lq; f s; mbNahL epd; WNghFk; . ,t; t hW rYif kw; W k; ,ytr
jpl;lq;fs; epd;WNghdhy;> murpd; fUT+yk; epiwe;J ehL
ty; y urhFk; . ,d; W ek; ehL mjd; ngUk; g Fjp tUkhdj; i j>
cjtpj; j pl; l q; f Sf; N f toq; f ptpLtjhy; fl; l ikg; G trjpfs; >
Nkk; g hl; L j; j pl; l q; f s; Mfpatw; w pw; F ekJ ehL fld; thq; f p
tUfpwJ. NkYk; ,tw;iw KOikahf nray;gLj;j Kbtjpy;iy.
,g;NghJ $Wq;fs;> mjpf MAs; fhg;gPl;L tpw;gidahsu;fs;
kw; W k; Kftu; f s; ,Ue; j hy; > ekJ ehl; b d; mNdfkhdtu; f Sf; F
MAs; fhg;gPl;L jpl;lq;fis toq;fp> mtiuAk;> mtu;
FLk; g j; j pdiuAk; nghUshjhu jd; d piwT epiyf; F Mshf; f p
ehl;il tsg;gLj;jyhk; my;yth?
,e; j Gj;jfj; jpid ehd; 3 tUlq; fshf vdJ gzpfSf; F
eLtpy; vOjpf; n fhz; b Uf; f pNwd; . ,jw; f hd xNu fhuzk; > MAs;
fhg; g P l ; L tzpfj; j py; mjP j ek; g pf; i fAld; NrUfpw midtUk;
ntw; w pahsu; f shf njhluNtz; L k; NkYk; ekJ jha; j ; j pU ehl; il
tskhdjhf khw;wpl ek;khy; ,ad;w ,j;njhopiy nrt;tNd nra;jpl
Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj.
ehd; vdJ 15 tUl tpw; g id kw; W k; tzpf Nkyhz; i k
mDgtj;ijAk;> vdJ 7 tUl MAs; fhg;gPl;L tzpf
mDgtj; i jAk; Mjhukhf itj; J ,e; j Gj; j fj; ij cq; f Sf; F
mw;gzpf;fpNwd;.
ehk; ve; j xU njhopiy Jtq; F k; NghJk; > mjpy; cs; s
ntw;wpahsu;fspd; tof;fq;fisNa Kjypy; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;. ey;y
mDgtq;fSf;Fg; gpwF Ntz;Lkhdhy; ekJ nrhe;j
Nfhl; g hLfisAk; topKiwfisAk; tFj; J f; nfhs; s yhk; . ehk;
ntw; w pngw Ntz; L nkd; w hy; ntw; w pahsiu gpd; g w; w pdhy; kl; L Nk
NghJk;. ,JNt ntw;wpapd; jhuf ke;jpuk;.
vdNt MA s; fhg; g P l ; L tzpfj; njhopiy VNjh xU
t h U k h d j; jp w; f h d V w; g h L v d; W k l; L k; f U j hk y ; > e h l; bd;
vjpu; f hyj; ijNa khw; w pg; NghLk; tha; g; g hf fUjp KO <Lghl; L ld;
nray;gl;lhy; ehKk; Kd;NdWtNjhL> ehl;ilAk; Kd;Ndw;wyhk;.
,e;j Gj;jfj;ij ehd; vOJtjw;F Kf;fpa fhuzk; cz;L.
vy;yhtpj jFjpfs; ,Ue;Jk;> Nghjpa Mu;tk; kw;Wk;
ciog; G ,Ue; Jk; gyu; ,e; j njhopypy; ntw; wpailahky; NghdJ
kpf kdNtjid mspf; f pwJ.xt; n thU Kftupd; Njhy; t papYk;
tpw; g id Nkshyupd; mauhj ciog; G tP z bf; f g; g LfpwJ. MAs;
fhg;gPl;Lj; njhopypy; tpLgLNthu; vz;zpf;if Fiwa Ntz;Lnkdpy;
,e;j njhopypd; jd;ikia czu;e;J nray;glNtz;Lk;.
,e; j E}ypy; cs; s fUj; J fs; kw; W k; Nfhl; g hLfs; vdJ
rpwpa mwptpw; F vl; bait kl; LNk. ,tw; wpy; gpioNaDk; ,Ug; gpd;
kd;dpj;jUs Ntz;Lk; vd Nfl;Lf;nfhs;fpNwd;.
md;Gld;>
th. gpurd;dh ntq;fNlrd;.
ntu;bfy; g;uhf;u];.
1. ngUik nfhs;Nthk;.
2. MAs; fhg;gPl;L tzpfj;jpy; tUkhd tha;g;G.
3. Kf;fpa fhuzpfs;.
4. gapw;rp tFg;Gfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
5. jfty;fNs MAjk;
6. mbg;gilj; Njitfs;.
7. mZFjy; (Approaching)
8. jahuhjy; (Preparing)
9. cz;ik mwpjy; (Fact Finding)
10. tpsf;fpf; $wy; (Presentation)
11. kWg;Gfis ifahSjy; (Objection Handling)
12. njhlu;jy; (Followup)
13. tpw;gid KOikahf;fy; (Sales Completion)
14. tpw;gid Kbe;jgpd;..?
,e;j cyfpy; gytifahd njhopy;fs; ,Ug;gij
ehk; ed;F mwpNthk;. nghJthf njhopy;fis 3tifahf
gpupf;fyhk;. 1. ,aw;if cw;gj;jp (tptrhak;>
Ruq;fq;fspypUe;J cw;gj;jp> fhy;eil tsu;g;G Kjypad)
2.. nraw; i f cw; g j; j p (fhfpjk; Kjy; fg; g y; tiu
jahupj;jy;) 3. Nrit (xU egupd; my;yJ
epW tdj ; j pw; f; F Nji tg; gL k; M Ny hrid my ; y J
cjtpfs; nra;jy;)
,e;j %d;W tifahd njhopy;fspy; KjyPL kpf
FiwthfTk;> yhgk; mjpfkhfTk; cs;s njhopy; Nrit
njhopyhFk; . mjpYk; ehk; Nju; T nra; J s; s MAs;
f h g; gP l; L K f t u; nj ho py ; g z K j y P L , y ; y hk y ;
ek;Kila jpwikiaAk; el;G tl;lhuq;fisAk;>
Neuj; i jAk; kl; L Nk KjyPl;lhf nfhz; L nra; A k;
njhopyhFk;. Kftu; kl;L kd;w p tpw;gidahsu; fshfTk; >
tpw; g id NkyhyuhfTk; cs; s tu; f Sf; Fk; ,j; njhopy;
rpwe;j njhopyhf cs;sJ. Ntz;LksT gzk;>
kdjpUg; j p> mjP j kf; f s; njhlu; G Mfpa midj; J k;
fpilf;Fk; njhopyhf MAs;fhg;gPl;L njhopy; cs;sJ.
cyfpy; gy rpwe; j khkdpju; f Sk; fhg; g P l ; L
Kftu; f shf xUfhyj; j py; gzpnra; J s; s hu; f s; vd; g J
Fwpg; gplNtz; ba xd;W . cjhuzkhf Njrj;j iytu;fs; >
ngupa ebfu; f s; > rpwe; j murpay; ty; Y du; f s; vd; W
ePz;l gl;baNy jahu; nra;ayhk;.
,e;j njhopypd; rpwg;gk;rNk “midtUf;Fk; Nji-
tahd xd; i w ehk; tpw; g Nj” MFk; . gzf; f huu; Kjy;
$ypj; n jhopyhsp tiu> gbj; j tu; Kjy; ghkuu; tiu>
vtnuy;yhk; gzk; rk;ghjpf;fpwhu;fNsh
mtu;fSf;nfy;yhk; Njitg;gLk; xd; W jhd; MAs;
fhg;gPL. mJkl;Lkd;wp ,J xU Gdpjkhd njhopy;.
Vndd;why;> ehk; MAs; fhg;gPL tpw;gid nra;tjd; %yk;
fhg; g P L nra; g tiur; rhu; e ; J cs; N shUf; F k; ed; i k
nra; f pNwhk; . vg; g b vdpy; gzk; rk; g hjpf; F k; egupd;
tho; f ; i f ,oe; j hYk; tUkhdk; ,of; f hj tz; z k;
ek; k hy; mtiu rhu; e; j tUf; F nghUshjhu ghJfhg; i g
V w ; g L j ; j p j u ,a Y k ; . ,J k l; L k d; w p> m tU f; Nf
tpgj; j pdhNyh my; y J ngU tpahjpapdhNyh ghjpg; G
Vw; g Lk; NghJ me; j epfo; t pdhy; Vw; g Lk; gz,og; i g
XusT <Lfl;l KbAk;.
MAs; f hg; g P L tpw; g jpy; cs; s xU jdpj; J tk;
vd;dntd;why;> tpw;Fk; NghJ ekf;Fk; ekJ
thbf;ifahsUf;Fk; cs;s cwT ehshf> ehshf
ek;Kila Nritf;Nfw;g kpf kpf neUf; f khfpwJ.
Kjypy; xU njhy; i y jUgtuhf njd; g l; l gy MAs;
fhg; g P l; L Kftu; f s; gpd; d u; mtu; f Sila Nritahy; >
thbf; i fahsupd; FLk; g ez; g uhd fijfs; Vuhsk; .
ek; K ila njhopypd; rpwg; g k; r Nk thbf; i fahsUf; Fk;
ekf;Fk; ,Uf;Fk; njhlu;G kpf ePz;l fhyk;
,Uf;ff;$baJ.
ekJ thbf; i fahsu; Kjpu; T j; n jhif ngWk;
rkaj; j py; ehk; vq; f pUe; j hYk; mtu; kdk; ek; i k xU
fzk; tho; j ; Jk; . mNj rkak; > ehk; ,wg; G j; njhifia
thbf;ifahsupd; thupRf;F fpilf;fr;nra;ifapy; mtu;jk;
FLk; g j; j py; ehk; epue; j u cWg; g pduhfpNwhk; NkYk;
mt u; fspd; e d; k j pg; i g Ak ; rpg hup Rfi sAk ; ehk ;
Nfl; fhkNy ngWfpNwhk; . ,ij mDgtKs; s ve; j xU
KftUk; epr;rak; MNkhjpg;ghu;.
jQ;rhT+Uf;F mUfpy; cs;s ty;yk; vd;w Cupy;
xU ,isQu; 2006 k; Mz;L tpgj;jpy; kuzk; va;jpdhu;.
mtu; 2 yl; r Ugha; f ; F MAs; fhg; g P L nra; j pUe; j hu; .
mtu; jQ;ir jpUr;rp rhiyapy; cs;s xU
njhopw;rhiyapy; Nkw;ghu;itahsuhf
gzpahw;wpnfhz;bUe;jhu;. mtu; je;ijia ,oe;J jha;f;F
xU kfdhf ,Ue; j tu; . me; j jha; f; F mtu; kiw it
vjdhYk; <L nra;a ,ayhJ. Mdhy; mtUf;F me;j 2
yl;r &gha; gzk; epr;rak; xU Cd;W
NfhshfthtJ ,Uf;Fk;.
,g;nghOJ rpe;jpj;J ghUq;fs; me;j ,isQUf;F
fhg; g P L nra; j Kftu; me; j rKjhaj; j py; vj; j ifa
kjpg;ig ngw;wpUg;ghu; vd;W. ,J Nghy; Mapuf;fzf;fhd
cjhuzq;fs; cs;sd. Vd; ,ij Xu; Gdpjkhd njhopy;
vd;W $wpNdd; vd;why;>
1. ehk; mtrpakhd xU jpl;lj;ijjhd; tpw;fpNwhk;.
2. fhg;gPL nra;gtu; thOk; rkaj;jpy; mtUf;F xU kd
epk;kjpia jUfpNwhk;.
3. fhg; g P L nra; j tu; ,wf; F k; Ntiyapy; mtUila
tUkhdj; i j ek; g p ,Ue; j mtu; FLk; g j; j pdUf; F
nghUshjhu epk;kjpia jUfpNwhk;.
4. mtUila ghyprp fhyk; KOtJk; mtUf;F Nrit
nra; t Jld; Kjpu; T my; y J ,wg; G fhyq; f spYk;
Nrit nra;fpNwhk;.
5. midj; j pw; F k; Nkyhf xU FLk; g j; i j mrk; g htpj
Neuj;jpy; jhq;fpg;gpbf;Fk; fukhf nray;gLfpNwhk;.
x U e hl; b d; ng h Us h j h u e pi y g; g hL > m e; j
ehl; bYy;y j dpeg upd; ng hUshj hu epiy g;g hl;il
nghUj; N j mikAk; . Vndd; w hy; > nghUshjhuj; j py;
gpd; j q; f pa Fbkf; f s; me; j muirNa rhu; e ; J thOk;
epiy Vw; g Lk; . xU ehl; b y; mNdf egu; f s; murpd;
cjtpia rhu;e;J ,Ue;jhy;> me;ehL tsu;r;rpg;ghijapy;
gadpf;f ,ayhJ. ,j;jifa ,d;w paikahj jdpegupd;
nghUshjhu epiyg;ghl;il Vw;gLj;Jk; vspa> rpf;fdkhd
top MAs; fhg; g P L kl; L Nk. ve; j xU ehl; b y; fhg; g P L
mjpfk; tpw; gidahfpwNjh me; j ehL nghUshjhuj;j py;
tsu;e;Jnfhz;Nl nry;Yk;. vdNt ehk; jdpegUf;Fkd;wp
ekJ Njrj;jpw;Nf Nrit nra;fpNwhk;. ,g;nghOJ
$Wq;fs; ez;gu;fNs..! ehk; ,e;j njhopiy
Nkw;nfhz;ljw;F ngUikaila Ntz;lhkh?
MAs;fhg;gPL %yk; gy tUlq;fshf rpy

Kftu; fs; jq; f sJ thbf; i fahsUf; F Nrkpg; G kw; W k;
fhg; g P L %yk; ed; i knra; J tUfpwhu; f s; . mjdhy;
mtUk; thbf; i fahsUila FLk;gj; j py; xUtuhf
khwptpLthu; . xU ey; y MAs; fhg; g P l ; L KftUila
tho;tpy; vg;NghJk; re;Njh\Kk; nry;tKk; ,Uf;Fk;.
ek;K s; rpyu; ,e; jj; njhopy; fbdkhf ,Ug;g jhf
fUJfpwhu;fs;. ,j;njhopiy rpwpJfhyk; nra;J
njhlu,ayhky; iftpl;Ltpl;l gy Kftu;fSk;> tpw;gid
Nkshsu;fSk; kf;fspilNa ,e;j njhopiygw;wp jtwhf
$wptUfpwhu; f s; . Mdhy; mJ Kw; w pYk; cz; i kf; F g;
Gwk;ghdJ.
xUrpy jtwhd mDFKiwahy; mtu; f s; ,e; j

njhopiytpl; L r; nrd; w pUf; f yhk; . mjw; f hf re; i japy;
cyTk; jtwhd nra;jpfis ePq;fs; ek;g Ntz;lhk;.
vdf;F njupe;j tiuapy; > MAs; fhg;gPl;L njhopy;

xU cau; t hd njhopy; . ehk; gpwUf; F j; Njitahd
mj; j pahtrpakhd xU jpl; l j; j pid rpghupR nra; t jd;
%yk; kl;LNk gzk; rk;ghjpf;fpNwhk;.
Mdhy; ehk; kw; w tu; ghuhl; L k; msTf; F ,e; j

njhopiy nra;aNtz;Lnkd;why; ek;kpilNa rpy xOf;f
tpjpKiwfSk;> Nrit kdg;ghd;ikAk; ,Ug;gJ
mtrpak; . cjhuzj; j pw; F ek; K ila gaidtpl ekJ
thbf;ifahsupd; gaidNa Kjd;ikahf fUj Ntz;;Lk;.
ekJ thbf; i fahsu; Nfl; F k; ve; j xU jftiyAk; rup
a hf nj up tp f; f Nt z ; L k; . ek J thb f; i fa hsup d;
miog;ig (njhiyNgrp) Gwf;fzpf;ff; $lhJ.
thbf; i fahsu; kdk; tUj; j g; g Lk; g bahf ve; j xU
nraiyAk; nra;af;$lhJ.
,t; t hnuy; y hk; ehk; ,Ue; j hy; kl; L Nk ekJ

thbf;ifahsupd; ed;kjpg;igAk; rpghupirAk; ngw;W ehk;
,e;j njhopiy njhlu;e;J kfpo;r;rpAld; nra;a ,aYk;.
thbf;ifahsu; cq;fis tpUk;g Ntz;Lnkd;why;> ePq;fs;
cz;ikahfTk; nkd;ikahfTk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
ve;jxU egUk; jd;Dila tUkhdk;> fld;>

jtiz> FLk; g j; j pdu; gw; w pa midj; J j; jfty; f s; >
vjpu;fhyj; jpl;lk; Nghd;w jfty;fis gpwUf;F
njuptpf; f khl; l hu; . Mdhy; mtUila MAs; fhg; g P l ; L
KftUf;F kl;LNk midj;Jk; njupe;jpUf;Fk;.
MAs; fhg;gP l;L tzpfk; nghUj;j tiuapy; ghyp]p
ngWk; tha;g;G gw;wp rpy fzf;fPL cz;L.
ehk; 5 egu; f splk; Neupy; tpsf; f pf; $ w mDkjp
Nfl;lhy; Fiwe;jJ 1 egu; tha;g;gspg;ghu;.
5 e g u; fs p lk ; N e up y ; tp s f; f pf; $w p dhy ; > 1
khjj;jpw;Fs; Fiwe;jJ 1 egu; ghyp]p vLg;ghu;.
ng hJ thf x U g h y p ]pap d; ruhr up gp upk pa k;
&15>000. ,g; N ghJ fkp\d; njhif fl; L g; g Lj; j g; g l; L
ruhrup fkp\d; 8 rjk;. (ePq;fs; A+ypg; ghyp]pAld; rpwe;j
ghJfhg;Gkpf;f l;nub\dy; ghyp]pfisAk; tpw;fNtz;Lk;)
mg;gbahdhy; ruhrupahf xU ghyp]pf;F &1200
fpilf;Fk;. rupahd Kiwapy; fhg;gPL je;jhy; ruhrupahd
10 tUlq; f s; gpupkpak; fl; L thu; f s; . nudpty; fkp\d;
ruhrupahf tUlhtUlk; 2rjk; . ,e; j fzf; f P L fspd; g b
cq;fs; tUkhdk; fPo;fz;lthW ,Uf;Fk;.
eP q ; f s; vy; y h tUlKk; jpdKk; 15 egu; f splk;
mDfp 3egu;fsplk; kl;Lk; Neupy; tpsf;fpf;$WfpwPu; vd;W
itj;Jf;nfhs;Nthk;.
Kjyhz;L nudpty;
fkp\d; fkp\d;
,uz;lhkhz;L 1k; tUl
nudpty; fkp\d; kl;Lk;.
5k; Mz;L 1>2>3>4k;
tUlq;fspd; nudpty;
fkp\d;fs; fpilf;Fk;
f ,t;thW tUkhdk;
kp ngUfpf;nfhz;Nl NghFk;.
\ NkYk; rpwe;j Nrit
nra;jhy; gupe;Jiuapdhy;
d; mjpf ghyp]pfs; fbd
ciog;gpy;yhkNyNa
fpilf;Fk;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 tUlq;fs;
Kd;G $wpaJ Nghy jpdKk; 3 eguplk;
tpsf;fpdhy; khjk; 15 ghyp]pfSk;> &18000 fkp\Dk;>
gpwF tug;NghFk; nudpty; fkp\d; &40500.
Nkw; f z; l glj; i j rw; W $u; e ; J ftdpAq; fs; . 4
tUlq; fSf; Fg; gpwF cq; fSila md;w a ciog; gpd;
tUkhdkhd 1k; tUl fkp\idtpl Vw; nfdNt eP q ; fs;
n r a; j g h y p] p f; f hd n u d p ty ; fk p \ d; mj p fk h f
fpilf; Fk; . ,e; j #oy; eP q ; f s; Kjyhk; Mz; L nra; j
gpupkpak; NghyNt midj; J tUlq; f Sk; nra; j hy;
kl;LNk. Mdhy; cz;ik rw;W tpj;jpahrkhdJ. ePq;fs;
Neu; i kahf Nrit nra; j hy; > mz; L NjhWk; cq; f s;
GJtzpf gpupkpak; gd; klq; F mjpfupf; fj; jhd; nra; Ak;.
mjw;fhd fhuzq;fs;.
• ng Uk ; g hY k ; K j y; g hy p]pa pd; gpupk pa k ; ek J
thbf;ifahsUila KO nghUshjhu jFjpf;Fk; kpf
FiwthfNt fpilf;Fk;. ePq;fs; njhlu;e;J
Neu; i kahf ,Ue; j hy; gpw; fhyq; fspy; mtu; cq; fs;
mDkjpapd; w p Ntnwq; F k; KjyP L nra; a khl; l hu; .
NkYk; eP q ; f s; Nfl; F k; Nghnjy; y hk; ,ad; w hy;
jukWf;fkhl;lhu;.
• Kjypy; ePq;fs; fhg;gPl;L tpw;gidapy;
ty; Y duhfp ,Uf;f khl;B u; fs; . rpy tpw; gidfSf; F
gpwF tpw;gid KOikahf;fYf;F kpfFiwe;j NeuNk
vLj;Jf;nfhs;tPu;fs;.
• Kjypy; ePq;fs; MAs; fhg;gPl;L tpw;gidahsu; kw;Wk;
MNyhrfu; vd;gJ mNdfkhdtUf;F njupe;jpUf;fhJ.
mjdhy; cq; f Sf; F ed; F njupe; j tu; $l gpwuplk;
ghyp]p vLg; g hu; f s; . ehshf ehshf eP q ; f s; MAs;
fhg;gPl;L tpw;gidahsuhf gpugykhdJk;> cq;fSf;F
mjpf rpghupR fpilf;Fk;.
• cq; f splk; ghyp]p vLj; J mjd; gyid Kjpu; t pd;
NghNjh my; y J ,wg; g pd; NghNjh thbf; i fahsu;
kw;Wk; mtuJ FLk;gj;jhu; mDgtpj;j gpwF>
cq; fsJ tpw; gid mtuplk; kpf kpf vspjhfptpLk;.
ng Uk; g hy hd thbf;i fa hsu;fs; K jpu;T gzk;
fpilj; j Jk; kP z ; L k; ghyp]p vLf; f pwhu; f s; . eP q ; f s;
re;NjfkpUe;jhy; %j;j Kftu;fis Nfl;Lg;ghUq;fs;.
mt;thW tUk; mLj;j ghyp]papd; gpupkpak; epr;rak;
Kjy; ghyp]piatpl mjpfkhfj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;.
• njhlu; e;J fhg;gP l;L tpw;g idapy; ePq;fs; ,Ug; gjhy; >
cq; f Sila epGzj; J tk; tsu; e ; J > eP q ; f s; Kjd;
Kiw re;jpg;gpNyNa rupahd Kbtpw;F te;JtpLtPu;fs;.
vdNt thbf;ifahsiu vspjpy; Gupe; J nfhz; L
tpw;g idia tpiutpy; Kbg; g NjhL rupahd mstpy;
gpupkpaKk; thq;fptpLtPu;.
• rpytUlq; f spy; eP q ; f s; toq; F k; Nrit JupkhFk; .
Vndd;why; ve;nje; j Nritf;F ahiu njhlu;G
nfhs; tJ? vt; tsT ehshFk;? vd;ndd; d rhd;W fs;
Njitg; g Lk; ? ,JNghd; w jfty; f s; Muk; g j; j py;
njspthfj; njupahJ. rpy khjq; f Sf; F g; gpwF
eP q ; f s; ,tw; i w KOikahf njupe; j pUg; g P u ; f s; . M
i f a h y ; e P q ; f s; to q ; F k ; N r i t J u pj k h f T k ;
Jy;ypakhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j jd;ik
thbf; i fahsiu mjpfk; ftu; e; J mjpf rpghupRfs;
ePq;fs; Nfl;fhkNyNa fpilf;Fk;.
vdNt eP q ; f s; Kjyhk; Mz; L vt; t sT Neuk; ,e; j
njhopYf; F nrytopj; j P u ; f Nsh mNj Neuj; j py; gpd; d u;
gyklq;F rk;ghjpg;gPu;.
cjhuzj; j pw;F> jpU gpuG vd;w Kftu;> xU
fpuhkj; j py; kUe; J f; f il elj; j ptUfpwhu; . ,tu; MAs;
fhg; g P l ; L j; njhopiy ngupa vjpu; g hu; g ; G ,y; y hky; j hd;
Jtq; f pdhu; . Mdhy; ,g; nghOJ mtUf; F 4 Mz; L fs;
mDgtk; cs; sJ. vj; j idNahKiw mtiu tpw; g id
Nk s hy u hf g j t pc a u; j ; j g up e; Ji u t e; Jk ; m tu;
Vw; f tpy; i y. Vndd; w hy; > mtUila thbf; i fahsu;
vz;zpf;if ,g;nghOJ 200I jhz;btpl;lJ.
,d;Dk; xU tUlk; fopj;J tUlk; 40 ghyp]pfs;
Kjpu;T jFjpailAk;. mg;Nghnjy;yhk; 40
thbf; i fahsUf; F yhgj; J ld; $ba Kjpu; T nfhLj; J
kPz;Lk; mjpf gpupkpak; thq;fyhk;.
,ijtpl jw; NghJ khjk; NjhWk; tUk; nudpty;
fkp\d; kl;Lk; tpw;gid Nkshyu; rk;gsj;ijtpl mjpfk;.
xU cz;ik epiy vd;dntd;why;> 5 tUlq;fis fle;j
Kftu;fs; khjtUkhdj;ijg;gw;wp ftiyg;
gl;lNj ,y;iy. Vnddpy; rk;gsk; khjk; 1Kiw. fkp\d;
khjk; 2Kiw fpilf;Fk;..!
gapw;rp ngWjy;
jpdKk; Ntiynra;jy;
tplhKaw;rp
Neu;ik
epjhdk;
nghUik
xU cz; i k fUj; J . cyf muq; f py; fhg; g P L
njhlu; g hd Muha; r ; r p kw; W k; gapw; r ; r p gzpapy; rpwe; J
tpsq;Fk; epWtdkhd ypk;uh (LIMRA) elj;jpa
fUj; j ha; t py; > fhg; gP l; L Kftuhf ,ize; J ntw; w pngw
Kbahky;Nghdtu; Vd; ntw;wpngwhky; tpyfpdhu;fs; vd;W
Muha;e;jhu;fs;. mjpy;> mNdfkhf midtUk; njuptpj;j
fUj; J my; yJ M uha; r; rp K bT v d; dntd;w hy; …
“mtu;fs; nra;a Ntz;ba jpdrup NtiyfSk;>
mtu;fSila gzpapd; jd;ikAk; njupahjNj
mtu;fSila Njhy;tpf;F fhuzk;”.
e z ; g u; f N s . ! , j p y pU e ; J c q ; f S f; F v d ; d
njupfpwJ. ehk; midtUNk tho;tpy; tsuNtz;Lk; vd;w
caupa rpe;ijapy; jhd; ,j;njhopiy Nju;T
n r a ; J s; N s h k ; . M dh y ; e k ; K i l a f li k k w ; W k ;
nghWg;ig ehk; Gupe;Jnfhs;shkYk; mij nray;
gLj;jhkYk;> ehk; rhu;e;Js;s epWtdj;ijNah>
kf;fisNah> re;ij epytuj;ijNah> kw;wgpw
Nghl;bahsiuNah Fiw$WtJ jtW.
vz;zpj; Jdpf fUkk; Jdpe;jgpd;
vz;Ztk; vd;gJ ,Of;F - vd;w ts;Stupd;
thf; f pidg; N ghy> ehk; nra; a Ntz; b a njhopiyAk;
mjpy; ek; K ila gq; F kw; W k; flikia czuhky;
mj;njhopiy jpwk;gl nra;a ,ayhJ. NkYk; ek;Kila
ntw;wp epue;jukhf ,Uf;fhJ.
ed;F njupe;jtuplk; Jtq;Fq;fs;:

ehk; ek; i k Rw; w pAs; s kf; fsplk; mtu; fSila
Njit> mtu;fspd; md;wa nghUshjhu epiyia kw;Wk;
mtu; f Sila vjpu; f hy Njitfis fzpj;J fhg; gP l; L
jpl; lq; f is mwpKfk; nra; Ak; Ntiyia nra; fpNwhk;
vd;gJ midtUk;; mwpe;jNj. ehd; ,q;Nf ,ij Fwpg;gpl
xU fhuzk; cs;sJ. Vnddpy; ehk; mwpKfk; ,y;y hj
egu;fsplk; mDgtk; ,y;yhky; MAs;fhg;gPl;L tpw;gid
nra;tJ fbdk;. Kjypy; njupe;j egu;fsplk; Jtq;fTk;.
,j;njhopiy ehk; rpwg;ghf nra;a ekf;F njupe;j kf;fs;
Ntz;Lk; (Contacts). mtu;fSld; ekf;F ey;y
njhlu; G ,Uf; f Ntz; L k; . mtu; f Sila eyidNa
Kjw; f z; fUj; j py; nfhs; s Ntz; L k; . eakhf Ngr
Ntz; L k; . ek; i k ehk; tpiutpy; Kftuhf mwpKfk;
nra;a Ntz;Lk;. Gd;dif> nghUik> mwpT> mZFKiw
kw; Wk; fbd ciog; G Mfpa midj; Jk; xd; W Nru; e; J
nra;Ak; xU njhopy;jhd; MAs; fhg;gPl;L Kftu; gzp.
mjpf kf;fspd; el;G mjpf yhgk;;: (More Con-

tacts More Benefits)
jaT nra; J xU Ngdh kw;W k; fhfpjk; vLj; Jf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;. gpd; tUk; Nfs;tpfSf;F tpil
vOJq;fs;. 1. cq;fSf;F vj;jid egu;fs; njupAk;. 2.
m j p y ; v j ; j i d e g u ; k h j k ; 5 0 0 0 & g ha; f; F Nk y ;
rk;ghjpf;fpwhu;fs;. cq;fs; tpil 200 f;Fk; Nky; vd;why;>
kpf rupahd njhopiy Nju; e ; n jLj; J s; s P u ; f s; . 100f; F
Nky; 200f;F FiwT vd;why;> ePq;fs; ntw;wpngw jpdKk;
3 Gjpa egUf;F mwpKfkhFq;fs;. 100f;Fk; fPo; vd;why;>
jpdKk; 5 Gjpa egUf; F mwpKfkhFq; f s; . Vnddpy;
e P q ; fs; Fi w e; j J 1 0 0 e g u ; f s p l k ; g hy p ] p t p w ; f
njhlu; g py; (Follow up) ,Ue; j hy; j hd; > cq; f Sf; F
jilaw;w tUkhdk; fpilf;Fk;. ,d;wa ,ae;jpu tho;tpy;
ek;kpy; gyu; gf;fj;J tPl;by; trpg;gtu; ahnud;Nw njupah
ky; tho; e ; J tUfpNwhk; . Kjypy; rpupf; f g; g oFq; f s; .
ek;kpy; gyUila ntw;wp vjdhy; mikfpwJ.?
mtu; f Sila el; G tl; l huj; j pdhy; kl; L Nk. ekf; F
njupe; j egu; f s; mjpfk; ,y; i y vd; w hy; ,t; t zpfk;
nra;tJ fbdNk. Mdhy; KbahjJ my;y. ez;gu;fis
ngUf;FtJ fbdky; y Nt. cq;fSf;F vg;gbg; g l;l
ez;gu;fs; Ntz;LNkh mtu;fs; $Lk; ,lq;fspy; ePq;fSk;
M[uhFq;fs;. NkYk; yad;];> Nuhl;lup> N[.rp.I. Nghd;w
rq;fq;fspy; mq;fj;jpduhjYk; rpwe;j top.
,g; n ghOJ ehd; xU MAs; f hg; g P l ; L Kftiu>
vdJ cjhuz Kftiu mwpKfk; nra; J itf; f pNwd; .
mtu; ngau; c\h. jkpofj;jpd; kpf Kf;fpa efupy; me;j
kupahijf; F wpa egu; trpf; f pwhu; . mtiu Kftuhf; f pa
Kaw;rpAk;> mjpy; Vw;gl;l jaf;fk; kw;Wk; tpisitAk;
,e;j E}ypy; gFjp gFjpahf fhzyhk;. mtiu
mtUila tsu; r ; r p mjpfhup (Development Officer)
Kftuhf; f Ntz; b mZfpdhu; . mtUila mwpKfk;
me;j tsu;rp mj pfhupf; F ed;F mw pK fk hdtuhy;
fpilj; j J. me; j Kftu; > tsu; r p mjpfhupapd; Ngr; i r
Nfl; L Kbj; J > gpwF jd; tpUg;gj; i j nrhy; t jhf
njuptpj;jhu;.
,t;thW mtu; nrhd;djd; fhuzk; vd;dntd;why;>
mtUf;F ,j;njhopypy; ek;gpf;if Vw;gltpy;iy. Mdhy;
mtUf; F gzk; Njitg; g l; l J. mtuJ FLk; g k; xU
rhjhuz epiyapy; j hd; mg; N ghJ ,Ue; j J. thlif
tPL> ,U Foe;ijfs;> fztUf;F xU jdpahu; filapy;
Ntiy. ,Jjhd; mtuJ md;wa epiy.
kpfTk; ey; y Kiwapy; tho; e ; J te; j hu; . Mdhy;
vjpu; f hy nryTfis rkhspf; f mjpfk; gzk; Njit
vd; g ij mwpe; J > gs; s pf; F oe; i jfSf; F kw; W k; tq; fp
Kjypa mYtyu; f Sf; F Njitahd igfs; (Leather/
Rexene bags) thbf; i fahsu; f s; ,lj; j pw; N f nrd; W
tpw;Fk; njhopiy nra;J te;jhu;.
,tiu Kftuhf; F k; Kaw; r papy; me; j mjpfhup
kpfTk; fbdg; g l Ntz; b apUe; j J. nkhj; j k; 12 Kiw
mtu; tP l; bw; F nrd; W mtuplKk; > mtuJ fztuplKk;
fye;jhNyhrpj;jhu;. filrpapy; me;j mk;ikahu; Kftuhf
xg;Gf;nfhz;lhu;.
gapw; r p tFg; G fs; njhlq; f rpy ehl; f s; cs; s
epiyapy; ,tu; mjpfhupAld; fpis Nkshsuplk; Neu;Kf
Nju; T f; F nry; y Ntz; L k; . Neu; K f Nju; t pd; NghJ>
Kftuhf tpUk;GNthu; mtUf;F njupe;j ghyp]p NghLk;
jFjpAila 200 egu; f s; Ngiu Fwpg; g pl; l gbtj; j py;
v Oj p> mt Ui la g Na h Nl l; lh k w ; W k ; mt Ui la
fy; tpr; rhd;w pjo; Mfpa mi dj; ij Ak; v Lj; J tu
Ntz;Lk;.
,it vy; y hk; me; j KftUf; F Kd; d jhfNt
njuptpf;fg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; Neu;fhzy; ehspd; NghJ> me;j
Kftu; Neu; f hzYf; F tu ,ayhJ vd; W $wptpl; l hu; .
,jw; f hd fhuzk; njuptpf; f g; g ltpy; i y. vt; t sNth
ek;gpf;if nfhLj;Jk; me;j Kftu; kWj;Jtpl;lhu;.
me; j mjpfhup kpfTk; tUj; j kile; j hu; . me; j
Kftuplk; gyKiw Nfl; l gpd; mtu; $wpa fhuzk;
kpfTk; Mr;rupakhd jfty;. mJ vd;d njupAkh? me;j
K f t u; m t Ui l a g h y ; f hu u; > m t U i la g f; fj ; J
t P l ; L f; f h u u ; M f p N a h u p l k ; , e; j K a w ; r pi a g w ; w p
$wpAs;shu;. mtu;fSila gjpy; ek; Kftupd;
ek;gpf;ifia jfu;j;Js;sJ. ,Jtiu ,e;j xU
rk; g tj; j pypUe; J ehk; njupe; J nfhs; s Ntz; b ait
vd;dntd;why;>
1. ekf;F xU njhopiyg;gw;wpa cw;rhfj;ij midtUk;
jukhl;lhu;fs;.
2. ehk; ,e; j njhopiy Jtq; F k; Kd; d u; ek; K ila
mjpfhup ek;kPJ itj;Js;s ek;gpf;if kw;wtu;
fUj;ij tpl ek;gfukhdJ.
3. ek;Kila jaf;fNk ek;Kila jil.
mjpf njhlu;G mjpf yhgk; vd;gjw;F Vw;g ,e;j
Kftu; gpd; d u; KftuhdJk; kpf fbdkhf cioj; J
mjpf njhlu; i g Vw; g Lj; j pf; nfhz; l hu; . cwtpdu; >
thbf; i fahsu; > mz; i lmayhu; > fztupd; njhlu; G
Mfpa midj;ijAk; Nrfupj;J gpd;du; ntw;wpahsuhdhu;.
jpde;NjhWk; Ntiy nra;aTk;:
ve; j xU NtiyAk; jpde; N jhWk; nra; t jhy;
ekf;F mjpy; njspTk;> epGzj;JtKk; fpilf;Fk;. kw;w
nj ho py ; fs; Ng hy ; m y ; y hJ M A s; fh g; gP l; L K f tu;
njhopypy; jpdKk; Ntiy nra; tNj epue; j u ntw; w pf; F
top. xU Kiw xU mjprapf; fj; j f; f ntw;w pfz; l xU
Kftuplk; mtUila ntw;wpapd; ,ufrpaj;ij Ngl;bahf
Nfl;lhu;fs;. mjw;F mtUila gjpy; kpfTk;
ghuhl;lj;jf;fJ. “ehd; xt;nthU ehSk; fhiy
Fiwe; j J 5 re; j pg; G fSf; F mDkjp thq; fhky; vdJ
fhiy czit ehd; cz;Ztjpy;iy” vd;W $wpdhu;.
MAs;fhg;gPl;L Kftu; njhopYf;F “jpde;NjhWk;”
vd; g J ke; j pur; n rhy; . ehk; gFjp Neu njhopyhf ,ij
nra; j hYk; jpdKk; Fiwe; j J xU Gjpa eguplkhtJ
ekJ jpl; lq; fis gw;w p vLj; Jf; $wNtz;Lk; . mt; thW
nra;ahky; Nghdtu;fs; ,e;j njhopypy; Fwpg;gpLk;gbahf
v ij Ak; rhj pj;jj hf tuy hW ,y;i y. K j yP bd;w p
tho;ehs; KOtJk; tUkhd <l;Lk; ,j;njhopy; mwpi-
tAk;> NgRk; jpwidAk;> rkNahrpj Gj;jpiaAk; %ykhf
itj; J nra; Ak; njhopy; . vdNt jpdg; g apw; r p kpf kpf
mtrpak; . jpde; N jhWk; Ntiy nra; t jhNyNa ekf; F
rkNahrpj Gj; j p fpilf; F k; . NkYk; ,J xU fiy
Nghd; w J. jpdKk; rhjfk; my;y J gapw; rp ngwhj ve;j
xU fiyQDk; n[hypj;jhf ,y;iy.
jpde;NjhWk; mjpf Neuk; nrytopf;f
Njit ,y; i y. Mdhy; Fiwe; j gl; r NeukhtJ ,e; j
njhopYf;fhf jpde;NjhWk; nrytopf;f Ntz;Lk;.
nra;jtw;iw gjpT nra;jy;:
jpde; NjhWk; Ntiy nra; a Ntz;ba mtrpaj;i j
ePq;fs; jw;NghJ czu;e;jpUg;gPu;fs;. Mdhy; jpde;NjhWk;
ehk; nra;jtw;iw> vtiu ghu;j;Njhk;?;> mtUila gjpy;
vd; d ?> mtiu kP z ; L k; vg; n ghOJ ghu; f ; f Ntz; L k; ? >
mtUila tpUg;gj;jpw;F xj;j jpl;lk; vd;d?
Mfpadtw;iw ehk; vOjpitj;jhy;jhd; rupah
epidTgLj;jp jtwpy;yhky; njhlu KbAk;. ,y;iyNay;
,ilNtis tiu xU glj;ijAk; gpd;du; mNj ehafd;
ehafp ebj; j kw; N whu; glj; i jAk; ghu; j ; j tu; epiyf; F
MshNthk;.
nra; j tw; i w gjpT nra; j iy ehk; midj; J
ntw; w pngw; w KftuplKk; fhzyhk; . ehk; jpde; N jhWk;
ghu; f ;Fk; egu; f s; tptuk; > njhlu; G nfhz; l tptuk; >
nrYj;j pa ghyp]p mjd; jpl;lk;> gpupkpak;> jpl; l fhyk;
M fp a mi dj ; J j ft y ; fi s Ak ; g j p T nr a; j p ly ;
mtrpak; . ek; K ila ciog; g pd; gaid ehk; KO
ikahf mDg tpf;f Ntz;Lkhdhy;> nra;j Ntiy
vijAk; ehk; kwf; f f;$lhJ. vdNt jpdKk; ilup
vOJq;fs;. me;j ilup cq;fsJ fhg;gPl;L njhopYf;fhf
jdpahf xJf; fg; g l; l jhf ,Uf; fl; L k; . NtWxU jukhd
Nehl;Lg; Gj;jfk; thq;fp mjpy; cq;fsJ
thbf; ifa hsUi la Nkw; fz; l j fty; fi s gj pT
nra;Aq;fs;. ehk; ek;ik ek;gp gzk; nrYj;jpa
thbf;i fahsUf; F rpwg; g hf Nrit nra; a Ntz;L k; vd
e pi d j ; j hy ; ek ; k pl k ; mi dj ; J j f ty ; fSk ; j a -
huhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.
v g; g b j f ty ; fi s g j pT nr a; a t p Ug; g Nk h
mg; g bNa nra; A q; f s; . NkYk; ,t; t hW nra; t jpdhy;
cq; fSf;F fpi lf;Fk; k w;w rYi ffSk; rupa hf
te;Js;sjh vd;gij ePq;fNs fzf;fpl KbAk;.
jaf;fNk jil:
,e; j njhopypy; gy; NtW jaf; fk; ekf; F ngupa
jilfshf cs;sJ.
njhopypd; kP J ek; g pf; i f ,y; y hjhy; njhopiy
njhlq;f jaf;fk;. ,e;jpahtpy; MAs; fhg;gPL re;ijapy;
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vd;gij ehk; ek;Gtjpy;iy. mjdhy; ekf;F ed;F
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flDf;F nfhLj;J tpahghuk; nra;gtu;.
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fld; ngw; w tu;fs; midtUk; jpUg; g p nrYj; J tJ
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gf;fq;fis xU gf;fkhf fUjp vOJq;fs;.
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tFg;igAk; jtwtplhjPu;fs;.
ehd; fpis Nkshsuhf ,Ue;jNghJ trjpgilj;j>
xU njhopy; mjpgiu Kftuhf vkJ tsu; r;rp Nkshyu;
mwpKfk; nra;jhu;. me;j egu; jpl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida
gapw; r p tFg; G fSf; F tuNt ,y; i y. ehd; tpw; g id
Nkshyiu ,Jgw;wp Nfl;lNghJ mtUf;F mjpf
Ntiyg;gS ,Ug;gjhfTk; jhd; rpwpJ rpwpjhf mtUf;F
gapw;rp tFg;G jfty;fis gapw;rp mspg;gjhfTk;
cWjpaspj;j hu; . Mdhy; > ,e; j njhopiy nra; tjw; fhd
vy; y h jFjpAk; ,Ue; Jk; mtu; mtuJ nrhe; j ghyp]p
jtpu NtW ve; j ghyp]pAk; nra; a tpy; i y. Vndd; w hy;
,j; n jhopy; njhlu; g hd Nghjpa mwpT ,y; y hjNghJ
ekf;F ek;gpf;if gpwf;fhJ. xU ehs; me;j Kftiu xU
tpUe; j py; re;j pf; f Neu; e;j J. ehd; mtuplk; ,e; j
njhopiy iftpl; l fhuzj;ij Nfl; Nld; . mjw;F mtu;
mspj;j gjpy; kpFe;j Ntjid mspj;jJ.
me; j gjpy; vd; d ntd; w hy; > ,j; n jhopypy; mtu;
KOikahf mtuJ mjpfhupia rhu;e;jpUg;gjhfTk;>
mtUf;F NeuKk;> tha;g;Gk; fpilf;ifapy;
nray;gl ,ayhikANk fhuzkhf $wpdhu;. NkYk; me;j
mj pfhup v y;yhtw;i wAk; j hNd nra; tj hf cWjp
mspj;jhfTk; mtUila thf;if fhg;g hw;w mtu;
Kaw; r;rpf; ftpy;iy vd;Wk; Fw;wk; rhl; bdhu; . nghJthf
ek;Kila Njhy;tpf;Fk; jtWjYf;Fk; gpwiu
gopRkj;Jgtu; Mq;fhq;Nf cz;L.
mNjrkaj; j py; > ,e; j Kftu; Kiwahf gapw; r p
tFg;GfSf;F te;jpUe;jhy;> ,d;W cjhuz
Kftuhf ,Ue;jpUg;ghu; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.
mNdfkhd gl;lg;gbg;GfSf;F mQ;ry;top
fy;tp ,Uf;ifapy;> tpQ;Qhdk; njhiynjhlu;gpy;
tpz ; i z K l; L k ; tsu; r; rp mi l e; Js; s epi y apy ; >
kUj;Jtg;gbg;Gkl;Lk; Vd; mQ;ry;topapNyh> ky;b kPbah
topapNyh ,y;iy? Vndd;why; kUj;Jtk; xU kdpjdpd;
tho;f;if rk;ge;jg;gl;lJ. kUj;Jtu; md;Ws;s
tpahjpf;Fj;jhd; kUj;Jtk; nra;fpwhu;. Mdhy;>
MAs;fhg;gPl;L KftNuh vjpu;fhyj;ij fzpj;J>
vjpu; f hyj; j py; tuf; $ ba NjitfSf; F Kd; $ l; b Na
fhg;gPL vDk; rpfpr;ir mspf;fpwhu;. vdNt MAs;fhg;gPl;L
Kftu;fSf;F gapw;rp Kfhk; kw;Wk; tFg;Gfs;
,d;wpaikahjjhf cs;sJ.
gapw; r p tFg; G fs; Kiwahf te; j xU Kftu;
ehd; Kd;G $wpa jpUkjp. c\h. mtu; rpy
ehl; f spNyNa> ngupa thbf; i fahsu; f Sf; F kl; L k;
mjpfhupapd; cjtpia ehLthu; . eLj; j u kw; W k; rpW
thbf; i fahsuplk; jhdhfNt NgRk; jpwid tpiutpy;
ngw;Wtpl;lhu;. ,jdhy;> gyKiw mjpfhupfs; khwpdhYk;
mtuJ tUkhdk; Fiwatpy;iy. NkYk; fle; j ,uz;L
tUlq;fshf mtu; jhdhfNt midj;J
thbf; i fahsiuAk; re; j pj; J kpf rpwg; ; g hf gzpahw; w p
tUfpw hu; . mj w; F xNu fhuz k; > g apw; rp tFg; gpy;
fw;Wf;nfhz;lij KOikahf nray;gLj;jpdhu;. (Kd;du;
nrhd;d ml;ltiz $l)
kw;WnkhU Kftu; jpU. fhu;j;jpf;. ,tu; 24 taNj
Md ,isQu;. ,tu; nrd;idapy; Ntiy nra;Jte;jhu;.
gapw;rp tFg;GfSf;fhf 15 ehl;fs; tpLg;G vLj;J gapw;rp
ngw; w hu; . gpd; d u; ,j; n jhopypYs; s tUkhd tha; g ; i g
mwpe; J > Ntiyia tpl; L KONeu Kftuhdhu; . ,tu;
Jtq;fpa ehs; Kjy; jukhd Nehl;Lg;Gj;jfj;jpy; mofhf
gytz; z vOj; J f; f spy; jfty; f is gjpT nra; t hu; .
ehd; mtUld; gzpGupe;j 3 tUlq;fSNk mjpf
vz;zpf;ifapy; ghyp]p Nru;j;J Kjy; 5 ,lq;fSf;Fs;
tUthu;. NkYk; mtu; njhlu;e;J kd;w (fpsg;)
cWg;gpduhf jFjpngWthu;.
ehd; fle;j 7 tUlq;fshf MAs;fhg;gPl;L
Jiwapy; ,Uf;fpNwd;. mbf;fb gapw;r;rp tFg;GfSf;Fk;>
jpde;NjhWk; kpd;dQ;ry; top jfty;fisAk; fw;gJz;L.
Mdhy; vdf; F jw; NghJ $l 25 rjk; jfty; f s; jhd;
njupe; j pUf; f KbAk; . xUehs; xU Kftu; Nrkpg; g pd;
mtrpaj; i j kpfTk; vspikahf $wpaJ vg; N ghJk;
vq;Fk; vdf;F fpilj;jpUf;fhj jftyhFk;.
mtu; $wpa jfty;: flTs; Kl;ilf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk;
g w i t f; F Q ; r pw ; F> K l; i l f; F s; , U f; F k ; f hy k ;
tiuapyhd czit Kl; i lf; F s; itf; f pwhd; . mJ
ntspNawpa cld;> ,iwia Njb miya itf;fpwhd;.
,iwtDf; F jdJ gilg; g hd me; j gwitf; F Q; r pw; F
vd; d Njit vd; gij mwpe; J Kl;i lf;Fs; Njitahd
Gujj; j ij Nrkpg; g hf itj; J s; s hd; . mJNghy eP q ; fs;
cq;fsJ ngw;NwhUk;> kidtp kf;fSk;
ghJfhg;ghf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd;why;; mtu;fsJ tho;ehs;
tiu thOk; mstpw;; f;F fhg; gPL nra; tJld; Nrkpg; g Nj
rpwe;j top.
gapw; r p tFg;Gfspy; kl; L Nk ekJ njhopiy
nrt;tNd nra;tjw;fhd midj;J cjtpj; jfty;fSk;
gapw;r;rpAk; fpilf;Fk;.
n j h o p y p y ; c r; r e pi y a p y p U f ; Fk ; k Uj ; J t
epGzu; f is ed; F ftdpAq; f s; > mtu; f s; tUlk; xU
KiwNaDk; mtu;fs; njhopy; rk;ge;jkhd
fUj;juq;FfSf;F jq;fsJ nrhe;j nrytpy; nry;thu;fs;.
mj; j ifa fUj; j uq; Ffs; ntspehl; by; ele; j hYk; $l
nryitAk; fhyj;ijAk; ghuhky; rpuj; i j vLj;J
nry;thu;fs;. Vd; nry;yNtz;Lk;? Gjpjhf
mwpKfkhfpAs;s njhopy; El;gq;fisAk;> fUtpfisAk;>
rpfpr;irKiwiaAk; KiwNa njupe;J nfhz;L> gy;NtW
epGzu; f Sld; fye; j hb> mwpitg; n gUf; f p> njhopiy
rpwg; g hfTk; jpwk; g lTk; nra; a Ntz; L k; vd; w xNu
nfhs;ifjhd;.
ekf; F k; ekJ njhopiy rpwg; g hf nra; a mjpf
mwpTk; jfty; f Sk; Njitay; y th? fw; w J ifkz;
msT fy ; y hj J cy fsT v d; gi j eP q; fs; ed; F
mwptPu;fs; my;yth?
mjpf gapw;rp mjpf ek;gpf;if..!
gapw;rp tFg;Gfspy; jtwhky; fye;Jnfhs;s rpy topfs;.
1. gapw;rp tFg;Gfs; Jtq;Fk; Njjp> vj;jid ehl;fs;
vd;w tpguq;fis rupahf Gupe;Jnfhs;sTk;.
2. gapw; r p tFg; G fs; elf; Fk; rkak; vj; j id Kf; fpa
N t i y , U e; j h Y k ; m t w ; i w K d; d Nk K bj ; J
tpLq;fs;.
3. mt;thW Kbf;f ,aytpy; i ynadpy; jw;fhypf
Vw;ghl;il nra;Aq;fs;.
4. m g ; g b A k ; K b f; f , a y t p y ; i y n a d py ; g a pw ; r p
tFg; G fs; Kbe; j gpd; fpilf; F k; Xa; T Neuj; j py;
nra;Aq;fs;.
5. xt;nthU gapw;rp tFg; gpYk; ehk; rpwg;ghf nray;gl
VjhtJ gaDs;s jfty; fpilf;Fk; vd jPu;khdkhf
ek;Gq;fs;.
6. Neu Nkshz;ikia gad;gLj;jp> cq;fs; kw;w Nti-
yfSf;F gapw;rpf;F gpwF NeukspAq;fs;.
7. cq;fsJ ,d;ikia rupnra;a > neUq; fpa cwtpdu;
kw;Wk; ez;gu;fspd; cjtpia jw;fhypfkhf
jaq;fhky; NfSq;fs;.
2004k; Mz; b y; Kftu; f Sf; F 18 ehs; gapw; r p

Kfhk; njhlu;e;J elf;Fk;. 18 ehl;fs; njhlu;e;J fye;J
nfhz;lhy;jhd; Kftu; iyrd;]; (cupkk;) thq;f vOJk;
gupl; i rf; f hd mDkjp toq; f g; g Lk; . mg; N ghJ jpUkjp.
uk; a h vd; w Kftu; 18 ehl; f Sk; fye; J nfhz; L ey; y
kjpg; n gz; thq; f p Njwpdhu; . ,jpy; vd; d rpwg; g k; r k;
vd; w hy; > mg; N ghJ mtUf; F 3khj Foe; i j ,Ue; j J.
mtu; jdJ ghl; b ia Jizf; F $l; b te; J gapw; r p
tFg; i g njhlu; e ; j hu; . gapw; r p Neuj; j py; mtuJ ghl; b
NtnwhU miwapy; Foe;ijia ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;bUg;ghu;.
,tu; 2 kzpf; F xUKiw Foe; i jf; F ghY}l; b tpl; L
gapw;rpia njhlUthu;. ,tUila epiyapy;
ngUk;ghyhNdhu; vd;d nra;thu;fs;?
gapw; r papy; fye; J nfhs; s Mu; t Kk; > cWjpAk;

,Ue;j hy; kl;Lk; NghJk; . top jhdhf fpilf; Fk; . ekJ
tho;ehspy; Gjpjhf xd;iw fw;Wf;nfhs;s vt;tsT Neuk;
xJf;FfpNwhk; vd;W rw;Nw vz;zpg;ghUq;fs;.
xU tpw;gid Kaw; r p ntw;wpaila gy; N tW
fhuzpfs; cz;L. mtw;Ws; Kf;fpakhditfs;
thbf;ifahsupd; md;wa nghUshjhu epiy>
thbf;ifahsupd; md;wa Kf;fpa Njit> Rw;wp cs;Nshu;
fUj;J kw;Wk; cq;fsJ jpUg;jpgLj;Jk; jpwik Mfpad.
,jpy; kw;w midj;Jk; cq;fs; ifapy; ,y;iy. Mdhy;
thbf;ifahsiu jpUg;jp nra;Ak; jpwik KOf;f KOf;f
cq;fs; ifapy;.
xU thbf; i fahsu; eP q ; f s; $Wk; jfty; f s;

jd; i kiaAk; cz;ikiaAk; nghUj;Nj cq; f is
mq;fPfupf;fpwhu;. ehk; tpw;Fk; nghUspid thbf;ifahsu;
ghu; f; f KbahJ. mij njhl; L czu KbahJ NkYk;
ek;Kila jpl; lj;j pd; gyid thbf;ifahsNuh> mtuJ
thupRfNsh mDgtpf; f eP z ; l fhykhFk; . vdNt ekJ
tpw;Fk; jpwd; kpf kpf gl;iljPl;bajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
ek; tpw;Fk; jpwd;> Fwpg;ghf ek;Kila njhopYf;F

m tr pa k ; . t h bf; i f a hs u; ek f; F e d; F mw pK f k;
Mfhjtuhf ,Ue; j hYk; > mtu; ek; K ila mwptpw; F
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspg;ghu;.
ek;Kila njhopy; rhu;e;j mwpntd;gJ> ek;Kila

epWtdj;ij gw;wpa rpwe;j jfty;fs;> ek;Kila njhopy;
gw; w pa jfty; f s; > ek; jpl; l q; f s; g w; w pa jfty; f s; >
Nghl;bahsupd; jpl;lq;fs; gw;wpa jfty;fs;> kw;w Nrkpg;G
kw;Wk; KjyPl;L jpl;lq;fs; gw;wpa jfty;fs;> jw;Nghja
r e; i j e py t uk ; > v j pu; f hy j ; j py ; x U k d pj d; N e u;
nfhs;Sk; nrytPdq; f s; gw; w pa jfty; f s;> MAs;
fhg; g P l ; L tzpfj; j pd; ghJfhg; G mk; r q; f s; kw; W k;
ek;gfj;jd;ik NkYk; gy;NtW nghJ mwpT kw;Wk; ehl;L
elg; Gfs; gw; w pa mwpT Mfpad KftUf; F Njitahd
jfty;fshfpd;wd.
Mifahy;> ,j;jifa jfty;fis ehk; mwpe;jpUj;jYk;>
mtw; i w kddk; nra; j pUj; j Yk; > Njitahdtw; i w
rupahd Neuj;jpy; njuptpj;jYk; ,j;njhopypy;
,d;wpaikahjy; MfpwJ.
rpy ,d;wpaikahj jfty;fs;:

1. ek;Kila njhopypd; jd;ik gw;wpa jfty;fs;.
2. ehk; rhu;e;Js;s epWtdk; gw;wpa jfty;fs;.
3. ehk; tpw;f;Fk; jpl;lq;fs; gw;wpa jfty;fs;.
4. ek;Kila Nghl;bahsUila jpl;lq;fs;.
5. Vida gpw Nrkpg;G kw;Wk; KjyPl;Lj;jpl;lq;fs; gw;wpa
jfty;fs;.
6. nghUshjhu mbg;gil jfty;fs;.
7. fhg; g P l ; L epWtdq; f spd; ghJfhg; G gw; w pa rl; l
jpl;lq;fs; gw;wpa jfty;fs;.
8. md;whl epfo;Tfs; gw;wpa jfty;fs;.
“xU KftUila ntw;wp mtuJ ciwahlypy;

gupkhwg;gLk; jfty;fspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk;>
jdpj;jd;ikiaAk; nghUj;J NtWgLk;.”
1. ek;Kila njhopypd; jd;ik gw;wpa jfty;fs;.

fhuzkpy;yhkYk;> ,yf;fpy;yhkYk; nra;Ak; ve;j
nraYk; tP z hfj; j hd; NghFk; . NkYk; > ehk; nra; A k;
nraiyg;gw;wp njspthf njupahjNghJ ehk; mij KO
<Lghl; N lhL nra; a ,ayhJ. KO <Lghlw; w ve; j xU
nraYk; KOikahd gyid juhJ.
ek;Kila njhopypd; jd; i k gw; w pa jfty;
vd;why;> ,j;njhopYf;F Njitahdit gw;wpa jfty;fs;>
ek; K ila njhlu; G fspd; cz; i k epiy> mtu; f spd;
tpUg;gq;fs; kw;Wk; vjpu;ghu;g;G Mfpad MFk;.
ehk; Kd;du; mwpe;jJ Nghy;> ek;Kila njhopypd;
jd; i k Nrit nra; jy; MFk; . Nrit nra; j y; vd; g J>
thbf;ifahsupd; Njitfis G+u;j;jp nra;jy; MFk;. ,J
nghUs; tpw;Fk; njhopypypUe;J Kw;wpYk; khWgl;lJ. ehk;
thbf; fiahsUf; F jpl;lq;fisj;jhd; tpw;fpNwhk;. mtu;
fhzKbahj> njhl;L czuKbahj> Gyd;fshy; mwpa
Kbahj nghUspid tpw;fpNwhk;. Mifahy;> jpl;lq;fis
thu; j ; i jfshy; kl; L Nk jpwk; g l tpsf; F k; jpwikia
tsu; j ; Jf; nfhs; s Ntz; L k; . cjhuzkhf> ek; tho; tpy;
ele; j epfo; T fis gpwuplk; $Wk; N ghJ> mtu; epfo; r; r p
ele;jij fw;gid nra;J Gupe;J nfhs;SkhW
tpsf;FfpNwhk; my; y th? mNj Nghy jpl;lq;fis
ek; K ila thbf; i fahsupd; kdf; f z; K d; tUkhW
tpsf;Fk; jpwik ek;kplk; tsu;j;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
nj ho py pd; j d; ik gw ;w pa Ng hj pa j fty ; fs;
ek;kplk; ,Ue;jhy; ehk; ftdKld; nray;glyhk;.
cjhuzj;j pw;F> xU Kftu; > ,j; njhopypd; jd;ikgw;w p>
mtu; njhlu;Gfspd; cz;ik epiygw;wp> me;j kf;fspd;
tpUg; g q; f s; g w; w p njupahky; njhopiy Jtq; f pdhy; >
vjpu;ghuhj vjpu;kiw tpisTfis re;jpf;f NeUky;yth?
, j ;j i f a ek ; nj ho p y ; g w ;w p a j f ty ;fi s
njupe;J nfhs;Sk; ngl;lfk; vq;Fs;sJ? ek;
gf; f j; j pNyNa..! Mk; ! ek; epWtdj; j py; > ek; Jiwapy;
rpwg; g hf nray; g Lk; gpw Kftu; f splk; cq; f s; el; i g
tsu;j;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;! mtu;fsplk; xUthuj;jpy; xUkzp
NeukhtJ ciwahLq;fs;.
ehk; ,e; j njhopiy Jtq; F k; N ghJ> midtUk;
ek;ik Cf;Ftpf;fkhl;lu;fs;. xUrpyu; kl;Lk;
,iykiwfhahf ek;Kila ,j;njhopiy ey;y
Nju; n td; W $Wthu; f s; . Vida midtUNk vjpu; k
iwahfNt $Wthu;fs;. ,tw;wpw;nfy;yhk; ehk;
Kf; f paj; J tk; nfhLj; j hy; > ,j; n jhopypd; Vw; w kpF
tha;g;ig ,oe;jtuhNthk;. ,j;njhopypy; ntw;wp
ngw;wtu;fs; midtUf;Fk; Jtf;ffhy vjpu;g;G epr; rak;
,Ue; j pUf; F k; . ,j; n jhopypd; kfj; J tk; mwpe; j tu; f s;
kl;LNk cq;fis Cf;Ftpg;ghu;fs;. mtu;fs; mNdfkhf
Kd;dNk ,j;njhopypy; <Lgl;bUg;ghu;fs;. Nt
iyaw;w tu; fspd; tPzhd nrhw;fshy; ePq; fs; kdk; js
uhky; ,Uf; f Ntz; b aJ kpf Kf; f pak; . ,j; n jhopy;
tw; w hj [P t ejpapypUe; F jz; z P u; vLg; g jw; F rkkhFk; .
ehk; vt; t sT rk; g hjpf; f epidf; f pNwhNkh> mt; t sT
rk; g hjpf; f yhk; . ekf; F Njit njspthf NgRk; jpw
ikAk;> el;ig Nrfupf;Fk; jd;ikANk MFk;.
2. ehk; rhu;e;Js;s epWtdk; gw;wpa jfty;fs;:
ehk; rhu; e ; J s; s epWtdk; gw; w pa jfty; f s; >
ek; K ila Nghl; b ia rkhspf; f Tk; > thbf; i fahsu;
kdjpy; ed; e k; g pf; i fia cUthf; f Tk; kpf mtrpak; .
eP q ; fs; kpfr; rpwe;j jpl; lj; i j gupe; Jiuj; j hYk; > eP q; fs;
rhu; e ; J s; s epWtdk; gw; w pa cq; f sJ mwpT cq; f s;
tpw;gidapy; kpf Kf;fpa gq;Ftfpf;fpwJ!
eP q ; f s; vj; j ifa jfty; f is njuptpj; j hYk; mij

“eP
thu; j ; i jfspy; kl; L k; tpsf; f hky; > mjw; f hd Mjhu
gpujpfis vg;NghJk; ifapy; itj;jpUq;fs;. Njitahd
rkaj;jpy; mij thbf;ifahsuplk;; fhz;gpAq;fs;.”
ehk; rhu;e;Js;s epWtdk; gw;wpa jfty;fs;
v d; g J> ek ; K i la epW t dj ; j p d; g h uk ; g up a k ; > ek ;
epWtdj; j pd; nray;ghL> gq; F jhuu; gw; w pa tptuk; >
ek;Kila epWtdj;jpd; rkPgfhy nray;ghL> fpisfspd;
vz; z pf; i f> ehk; jUk; Nrit kw; W k; ek; epWtdj; j py;
thbf;ifahsUf;F fpilf;Fk; jdpj;Jt ed;ik
Mfpatw; i w mjw; f hd Mjhu gpujpfSld; tpsf; f
Ntz; L k; . ,j; j ifa jfty; f s; thbf; i fahsUf; F
kpFe;j ek;gpf;ifia jUk;.
MAs; f hg; gP L vd; g J xNukhjpupahd jj; J tj; j pd;
mbg; g ilapy; cUthf; f g; g l; l xNukhjpupahd (xU rpy
khw;wq;fs;) jd;ikAila jpl;lq;fNs! NkYk;
MAs; f hg; g P l ; L tzpfj; j py; <Lgl; b Uf; F k; midj; J
epWtdq; f Sk; rpwe; e ghuk; g upak; kw; W k; nray; jpwd;
nfhz; L s; s d. vdNt ek; K ila epWtdj; j pd; gw; w pa
jfty;fs; thbf;ifahsiu> ekf;F rhjfkhd
KbntLf;f epu;ge;jpf;Fk;.
ek;Kila epWtdk; gw;wpa jfty;fSk;
tpsf; f q; f Sk; ek; K ila fpisfspNyNa fpilf; F k; .
jaq; f hky; mtw; i w Nrfupj; J ehSf; F ehs; Vw; g Lk;
Kd; N dw; w q; f is mwpe; j pLq; f s; . 1. epWtdk; Jtq; f p
vj;jid Mz;Lfs; MfpwJ 2. vj;jid
thbf; i fahsu; f s; > 3. ruhrupahf vj; j id ehl; f spy;
Kjpu;T kw;Wk; ,og;gPL jUfpNwhk;> 4. epWtd gq;Fjhupd;
ghuk; g upak; > 5. epWtdk; ngw; W s; s ew; r hd; w pjo; f s;
Mfpad kpfTk; gaDs;s jfty;fs; MFk;.
3. ehk; tpw;Fk; jpl;lq;fs; gw;wpa jfty;fs;.
ehk; Kd; d jhfNt mwpe; j JNghy; > ek; K ila

tpw; g id fz; z hy; fhz,ayhj xd; i w tpw; g J. ehk;
tpw; g J jpl; l k; kl; L Nk! jpl; l j; j pd; (ghyp]p) Njit
egUf; F egu; khWgLk; . jpl; l fhyk; > gpupkpak; njhif>
gpupkpak; nrYj; Jk; fhyk; > Kjpu; T njhif kw; W k; gy
fhuzpfs; xt; n thU egUf; F k; khWgLk; . ek; K ila
tpw; g id ntw; w pfukhf KOikaila Ntz; L nkdpy; >
ehk; thbf;ifahsiu KOika hf ftu Ntz;Lk;.
mt;thW ftuNtz;Lnkdpy;> ehk; rpghupR nra;Ak; jpl;lk;
thbf;ifahsupd; Njitia KOikahf G+u;j;jp
nra;aNtz;Lk;. ,t;thW jpl;lq;fis egUf;Nfw;g
toq;FtNj xU jdp fiy MFk;.
x t; n t h U f hg; gP l; L e pW t d j ; j p Y k ; g y ; N t W
jpl; lq; f s; (ghyp]pfs; ) cz; L . midj; J jpl; l q; fSk;
ntt; N tW rpwg; g pay; i g ngw; w pUf; F k; . ehk; midj; J
thbf; i fahsUf; F k; xNu jpl; l j; i j toq; f ,ayhJ.
mNjNghy;> gy;NtW jpl;lq;fis xNu thbf;ifahsuplk;
tpw;fTk; KbahJ. vdNt ehk; Kjypy; thbf;ifahsupd;
gyd; fis fUj; j py; nfhz; L mtUf; N fw; w rpwe; j Njhu;
jpl; lj; i j toq; f Ntz; L k; . ek; K ila thbf; i fahsu;
ekJ jpl;lq;fis gw;wp KOJk; mwpahjtu;. mNjrkak;
vjpu; fhyj; j py; gpw Kftu; f s; %yk; ek; K ila gpw
jpl;lq;fs; gw;wp mwpa Neuyhk;. Mifahy; ehk; toq;Fk;
jpl; l k; thbf; i fahsupd; gyid fUj; j py; nfhz; L
toq;fg;gl;ljhf ,Uj;jNy kpf;f ed;W.
ehk; rpwe;jijNa rpghupR nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;why;>

ekf; F midj; J jpl; l q; f isg; g w; w pa njspthd mwpT
Ntz;Lk;. jpl;lq;fisg;gw;wpAk;> mjd;
rpwg; g k; r q; f isg; g w; w pAk; Mokhf mwpe; j pUe; j hy; ehk;
jtW nra;Ak; tha;g;G kpf FiwT NkYk; ekJ
jd;dk;gpf;ifAk; ngUFk;. midj;J jpl;lq;fisg;gw;wpa
mwpT> rpy jpl;lq;fis xUq;fpidj;J Nfhk;Ngh g;shd;
vDk; $l; L jpl; l j; i j ehNk tbtikf; f yhk; . ,J
thbf;ifahsuplk; Mu;tj;ij mjpfupf;Fk;.
jpl;lq;fisg;gw;wp ehk; njspthf njupe;J nfhs;s
Ntz;Lnkd;why;> ehk; Gj;jfq;fisNah> epWtd ntspaPL-
fisNah gbg;gjd; %yk; KOikahf njupe;J
nfhs; s ,ayhJ. jpl; l tpsf; f rpwg; G tFg; G fSf; F
jtwhky; nry;tjd; %yNk ehk; njspthd mwpitAk;>
jpl; l q; f s; %yk; thbf; i fahsu; Njitia G+u; j ; j p
nra;Ak; tpjk; mtUf;F tpsf;Fk; KiwiaAk;>
re; N jfq; f is eptu; j ; j p nra; A k; gjpy; f isAk; mwpa
KbAk;.
ek J epW t dj ; j pd; mi dj ; Jj pl; lq ; fisAk;

njspthf njupe; J nfhs; t jd; %yk; > ehk; tpw; g idia
rpwg;ghf nra;tNjhL> tpw;gidf;F gpwFk;
mt;thbf;ifahsiu KO ek;gpf;ifNahL mZf ,aYk;.
mg;gb my;yhJ> ehk; ek;Kila gyid Kd;epWj;jpNah>
jtWjyhf thbf;ifahsupd; Njitia G+u;j;jp nra;ahj
jpl; l j; i jNah tpw; w pUe; j hy; > ehk; thbf; i fahsupd;
ek;gpf;ifiaAk;> mtiu rhu;e;jtu;fspd; ek;gpf;ifiaAk;
KOikahf ,of;f NeupLk;.
“xUrpy Kftu;fs; mtu;fSila fkp\d;

rjtPjj;jpw;fhf rpy Neuk; jtwhd jpl;lq;fis
gupe;Jiuf;f $Lk;. mt;thW nra;ifapy; ehk;
mJehs;tiu thbf;ifahsuplk; vLj;Jte;j ew;ngau; rPu-
opa mjpf tha; g ; G s; s J. ehk; ekJ thbf; i fahsupd;
g y d;fis k l; L k ; K d;dpWj;jp tpw ; i fapy ; ek f; F
mtUila gupe;Jiu %yk; gy ehs; gyd; fpilf;Fk;.”
jpl; l q; f is KOikahf njupe; j tupd; tpw; g id

Ngr; r py; ek; g pf; i fAk; > njspTk; > MSikAk; kpspUk; .
mNj rk ak; j pl; lq; fspd; K f;fpa mk; rq; fi sAk;>
thbf;ifahsUf;F Njitahd kw;Wk; epr;rak;
$wNtz;ba jfty;fiskl;Lk; $wpdhy; NghJk;. mjpfk;
njupe;j rpyu; tpw;gjw;F gjpyhf ghlk; vLf;f
Jtq; f ptpLthu; f s; . ,JTk; ehk; jtpu; f ; f Ntz; b a kpf
Kf;fpakhd fhuzpahFk;. njuptpf;f Ntz;ba
jfty; fis kl; L k; njuptpg; g Nj Gj; j prhypj; j dk; . mNj
rkak; $wNtz;ba jfty;fis kiwf;ff;$lhJ.
jpl; l q; f isg; g w; w pa njspthd mwpT gapYt-
jhYk;> fye;jhNyhrpg;gjhYk;> njhlu;e;J
thbf; i fahsuplk; NgRtjhYk; j hd; Vw; g Lk; . mtu;
Nfl; Fk; Nfs; tpfspypUe; Jjhd; ehk; Mokhf jpl; lq;fs;
gw;wp rpe;jpj;J njsptila KbAk;. jpl;lq;fisg;gw;wpa
njspthd mwpT mDgtk; %yNk KOikailfpwJ.
cjhuzj;jpw;F> A+ypg; ghyp]pfs; gq;Fr;re;ijia
rhu; e; ji t. g q; Fr; re; ij apd; V w;w ,wf; fq; fi sg;
nghUj;J Kjpu;T mikAk;. gq;Fr;re;ij ,wq;fpapUe;jhy;
mg;NghJ KjyPL nra;gtUf;F re;ij VWk; NghJ mjpf
yhgk; fpilf;Fk; . vdNt gq;Fr; re;ij gw;wpa mDgtk;
cs;s thbf;ifahsu; re;ijVw;wepiyapy; KjyPL nra;a
khl; l hu; f s; . ,Nj fhuzj; j pw; f hf xU thbf; i fahsu;
2006k; Mz; L KjyP L nra; a jf; f fhyk; tUk; N ghJ
KjyP L nra; t jhf $wpdhu; . me; j kWg; i g vt; t hW
rkhspg;gJ vd;gJ vdf;F mJtiu njupatpy;iy.
me;j Neuj;jpy; vdf;F cldbahf xU Nahrid
Njhd; w paJ. mjd; g b md; Nw mg; g hyp]pia vLj; Njhk; .
mJ vd;dntd;why;> ehk; ghyp]p Jtq;Fk; NghJ ghyp]p
KOikaila 4 Kjy; 5 ehl; fs; tiu MFk; . re; i j
Fiwe; j epiyapy; ghyp]p vLj; j hy; mJ KOika
mile; J KjyP L re; i japy; gq; F ngWtjw; F s; re; i j
tsu tha;g;Gz;L. Mdhy;> Vw;w epiyapy; ghyp]p vLj;J
ekJ KjyPl;il fld; gj;jpu gz;Lfspy; KjyPL nra;J
itj; j pUe; j hy; > re; i j ,wq; F k; NghJ clNd gq; F
KjyPl;bw;F khw;wyhk;. ,t;thW khw;Wtjw;F 1ehs;jhd;
MFk; . ,e; j cj; j pia ehd; $wpaJk; thbf; i fahsu;
kWg;NgJk; njuptpf;ftpy;iy.
ekJ %is gy fzpzpfistpl kpfTk; rf; j p
tha; e; j J. ehk; vt; tsT jfty; fis Vw; w pdhYk; mJ
jd; Ds; itj; Jf; nfhs; Sk; . ehk; KO <Lghl; L ld; xU
Ntiyia nra;Ak; NghJ> ekJ %is Ntfkhf
nray;gl;L ekf;F Ntz;ba cj;jpfisAk;
jfty;fisAk; rupahd Neuj;jpy; toq;Fk;.
ngd;rPid fz;Lgpbj;j tpQ;Qhdp> mjd; %yf;$W
mikg; i g tiua ntFrpukg; g l; L gpd;du; mau;e; J
cwq; Fifapy; > fdtpy; te; j xU fhl; r pia ikakhf
itj;Jj;jhd; %yf;$W mikg;ig tiue;jhu;.
4. ek;Kila Nghl;bahsUila jpl;lq;fs;:
ek; K ila Nghl; b ahsUila jpl; l q; f s; gw; w p

my;yJ re;ijapy; gpugykhd jpl;lq;fidg;gw;wpa mwpTk;
kpf mtrpak; . Vnddpy; > ek; K ila thbf; i fahsu;
vg; N ghJk; ,Ug; g jpNyNa rpwe; j ijj; j hd; tpUk; G thu; .
Nghl; b ahsUila jpl; l q; fisg; g w; w pa mwpT ,Ug; g tu;
Nghl; b ahsu; mj; j pl; l q; f isg; gw; w p $Wk; n ghONjh>
xg;gpLk;nghONjh jk;ik rpwg;ghf ntspg;gLj;j KbAk;.
Nghl;bahsupd; jpl;lq; fisg;g w;wp ehk; xUNghJk;
xg;gpl;L Fiwthf Ngrf;$lhJ. Mdhy; xU
thbf;ifahsu; Nghl;bahsupd; xU jpl;lj;jpy; Vw;fdNt
KjyP L nra; j pUf; F k; gl; r j; j py; > mjpy; ,y; y hj rY
ifAs;s NtW jpl;lj;ij gupe;Jiu nra; tjd; %yKk;>
Nghl;b Kftu;fSila Nghl;bia nty;yTk; ,it kpf
cjtpahf mikAk;.
Nghl;bahsUila midj; J jpl; lq;fisAk; ehk;
mwpe;jpUf;fhtpl;lhYk;> Vw;fdNt $wpaJ Nghy
re;ijapy; gpugykhd jpl;lq;fisAk;> ekJ
jpl;lq;fSf;F epfuhd Nghl;bahsUila jpl;lq;fisAk;
ehk; mtrpak; mwpe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,j;jfty;fs; ek;Kila cau; mjpfhupfs; kw;Wk;
Nghl;b epWtd Kftu;fsplk; Neupilahf
Nfl;Lg;ngwyhk;. Mdhy;> xUNghJk; Nghl;b jpl;lq;fis
mtJ}uhf Ngrf;$lhJ. mJNt ekJ tpw;gidia
nfLj;JtpLk;.
Nghl;bahsu;fSila jpl;lq;fs; gw;wpa njspthd
mw pT , U e; j hy ; > e k ; K i la ek ; gp f; i f g y k lq ; F
mjpfkhFk;. Vnddpy;> ek;kplKs;s rpwe;j jpl;lj;ij ehk;
rpghupR nra; i fapy; > ehk; rpwe; j ijj; j hd; rpghupR
nra; fpNwhk; vd; w vz;z k; ek; Kila Ngr; rpy; njupAk; .
ehk; vij KOikahf ek; G fpNwhNkh> mij kl; L Nk
czu;TG+u;tkhf Ngr ,aYk;. my;y hJ> thbf;i fahsu;
Nghl; b ahsu; jpl; l j; j py; mjpf gadpUg; g jhf $wpdhy;
ehk; thailj;J ntspNawptpLNthk; my;yJ ehk; nfQ;r
muk; g pj; J tpLNthk; . nfQ; R tjd; %yk; ehk; gpupkpak;
thq;Ftjw;F gjpy; ed;nfhiljhd; thq;fKbAk;. NkYk;
mjw;fhd tha;g;Gk; kpff; FiwT.
nrd; i dapy; xU thbf; i fahsuplk; ehq; f s;
tpsf;fpf; $Wifapy;> mtu; xU Nghl;bahsupd;
jpl; lj;i jf; $wp mjpy; 95rjk; Kjyhz; Lk; 2k; Mz;L
Kjy; 100rjk; KjyPl;bw;F xJf;Ffpwhu; vd;Wk;> NkYk;
10 rjk; ngUkhdKs;s gupRg; nghUs;fs; jUthjhfTk;
Kftu; $wpajhf $wpdhu;. vdf;F me;j jpl;lj;ijg;gw;wp
KOikahf njupa tpy;iy. Mdhy; A+y pg; ghyp]p
fisg; g w; w p ed; F njupe; j pUe; j jhy; > mg; g b ,Uf; f
tha;g;gpy;iy vd;W $wpNdd;.
Mdhy; > vdJ Kftu; me; j jpl; l j; i jg; g w; w p
Nfs;tpg;gl;L> rpy ehl;fSf;F Kd;> thbf;ifahsu; Nghy
me; j epWtdj; j pd; NtnwhU Kftuplk; ghyp]p jpl; l
tpsf; f gpujpia thq; f p gbj;Js; s hu; . ey; y Ntis
mtuplk; me; j gpujpAk; ,Ue; j J. me; j ghyp]papd;
fl; L g; g hLfs; %yk;> tUlhtUlk; mjpf gzk; gpbf; fg;
gLtijAk; > Kjpu; T Njjpf; F Kd; gzk; vLf; i fapy;
mjpf ruz; l u; rhu; [ ; ,Ug; g ijAk; tpsf; f p> vq; f sJ
jpl; l j; j pYs; s gad; f isAk; > kiwKfkpd; i kiaAk;
tpsf;fpNdhk;.
xUtifapy; ehq;fs; nra;jJ jtWjhd; vd;whYk;>
vq; f sJ Nehf; f k; thbf; i fahsu; Vkhw; w g; g lf; $lhJ
vd; g Jk; > vq; f sJ jpl; l q; f isg; g w; w pAk; > epWtdk;
gw;w pAk; ed;k jpg;i g Vw; gLj;j Ntz;L k; vd;gjhYk;j hd;
mt;thW nra;Njhk;.
ehq;fs; njspthf $wpaij me;j thbf;ifahsu;
Kftuplk; njhiyNgrpapy; Nfl;lhu;. me;j Kftu;
kOg; g yhf gjpy; nrhd; d Jk; > vq; f Sf; F xU Fiwe; j
njhifiaNa je;jhu;. ,jdhy; ,UtUf;Fk; ,og;GjhNd?
,e; j cjhuzk; %yk; > xUKftu; vg; g b ,Uf; ; f
Ntz;Lk; kw;Wk; vg;gb ,Uf;ff; $lhJ vd;g Jk; ekf;F
njupfpwjy;yth?
ehshf ehshf> xU Gjpa jpl; l j; i jg; g w; w p ehk;
KOikahf njupe; J nfhs; s rpy epkplq; f Ns NghJk; .
Nghl; b ahsu; jpl; l q; f s; me; j epWtdq; f spd; tiyg;
gf;fq;fspNyNa (ntg;irl;) vspjhf fpilf;Fk;.
5. Vida gpw Nrkpg;Gfs; gw;wpa mwpT:
,d; W ,wg;G my; y J mrk;ghtpj gyd; f is

k l ; L k ; j U k ; M A s ; f h g ; gP l; L j p l; l q ; fi s t p w ; g J
mwpjhfptpl; l J. Vndd; w hy; > Kjpu; tw; w jpl; l q; f s; kP J
kf; f Sf; F <LghL ,Ug; g jpy; i y. rkP g fhykhf mjpf
yhgKk;> fl;Lg;ghLfSkw;w A+ypg; vdg;gLk; gq;Fr;re;ij
rhu;e;j ghyp]pfs; gpugykhtjw;Fk; kf;fspd;
vjpu;ghu;g;GfSf;F cjhuzkhf cs;sJ.
vdNt> ehk; kw; w a Nrkpg; G > KjyP L fs; gw; w pa
xg; g P L ld; ghyp]p jpl; l q; f is tpsf; F k; rkaj; j py;
kf;fspd; <LghL mjpfupf;fpwJ. KjyPL my;yJ
Nrkpg; G ld; $ba ghyp]pfis tpw; i fapy; > ehk; tq; f p
Nrkpg;G kw;Wk; itg;Gfs;> jghy; Nrkpg;Gfs;>
gq;Fr;re;ij> gpw mirah nrhj;J KjyPLfSld;
xg;gpLk;NghJ thbf;ifahsu; Nghjpa njspT ngWfpwhu;.
NkYk; ,f; f hyj; j py; ekJ thbf; i fahsu; f s; Nghjpa
jfty;fSld; ,Ug;gjhy;> ehKk; mtu;fis tplTk; rw;W
$Ljy; jfty; ngw;wpUe;jhy; jhd; mtuplk;
ed;kjpg;igAk;> ek;gpf;ifiaAk; ngw KbAk;.
cjhuzj;jpw;F> tq;fpfSila Nrkpg;G>
njhlu;itg;G> FWq;fhy kw;Wk; neLq;fhy itg;G> jghy;
Jiwapd; Nrkpg; G gj; j puq; f s; > kpA+r; R ty; gz; L > gq; F
re; i j epytuk; > cq; f s; gFjpapy; FbapUg; G epyq; fs;
kw; W k; tP L fspd; kjpg; G Mfpatw; w pd; yhg tpfpjk; >
tupr;rYiffs;> tpw;W gzkhf;Ftjpy; cs;s KiwfSk;
Rygj;jd;ikAk;> ghJfhg;G mk;rq;fs; kw;Wk; yhgj;jpy;
cs; s cWjpj; j d; i k Mfpatw; i w njupe; J itj; J
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
midj; J KjyP L kw; W k; Nrkpg; G Nk VNjh xU
tifapy; rpwe; j jhfj; j hd; ,Uf; F k; . Mdhy; > tpahghu
EZf;fk; vd;gJ ehk;Kila jpl;lj;jpy; cs;s
rpwg; g k; r e; f is Nfhbl; L fhl; L tJ MFk; . mt; t hW
nra; a Ntz; L nkdpy; ekf; F mtw; i w gw; w pa G+uz
mwpT mtrpaky;yth?
kw; w KjyP L kw; W k; Nrkpg; Gj; jpl; lq; f s; gw; w pa
Nghjpa mwpTld; ekJ MAs; fhg;gPl;L Nrkpg;G my;yJ
KjyPL vt;tpjk; rpwe;jJ my;yJ kw;wtw;wpy; ,y;yhj
rYiffSk; rpwg; g k; r q; f Sk; ek; K ila jpl; l j; j py;
vt; t pjk; cs; s J vd; g Jgw; w pAk; ekf; F njupe; j pUf; f
Ntz;Lk;.
xt; nthUtUk; xt; nthU Kiwia xg; gpLk; NghJ
ifahs; t hu; f s; . vdf; F j; njupe; j rpy xg; g P L fis
ghu;g;Nghk;.
tq;fp kw;Wk; Ngh];lhgP]; Nrkpg;G kw;Wk; KjyPL:
,JNghd;w Nrkpg;G kw;Wk; KjyPL kpfTk; ghJfhg;ghdJ.
,tw;wpy; tUk; tl;b Kd; dNk cWjp mspf;fg;gLfpwJ.
Mdhy;> ,tw;wpd; tl; b tpfpjq;fs; jw;Ng hJ gz
tP f ; f j; i jf; fhl; b Yk; Fiwthfj; j hd; cs; s J. M
ifahy; ,tw; w py; Nrkpg; g J kiwKf e\; l j; i jNa
cUthf;Fk;. ehk; gpd; tUk; gf;fq;fspy; gztPf;fjj;ij
tpupthf fhzyhk;. tq;fpfspy; tl;btpfpjq;fs; khWgLk;.
cjhuzj;jpw;F ehk; ,g;NghJ 8rjtPj tl;bapy; 5 Mz;L
jpl;lj;jpy; KjyPL nra;fpNwhk; vd;why;> 5 tUlk; fopj;J
NkYk; rpy tUlq; f s; ehk; itg; i g mNj tl; b apy;
ePbf;f ,ayhJ. 5 tUlk; fopj;J tl;btpfpjk;
cau;e;J ,Ue;jhy;> mij Kbj;J mjpf tl;bf;F KjyPL
nra; a yhk; . Mdhy; > ehl; b d; nghUshjhuk; tsu tsu>
tq; f pfspd; tl; b tpfpjKk; FiwAk; . cjhuzj; j pw; F
tsu;e;j ehLfspd; tl;btpfpjj;ij ghUq;fs;.
NkYk; > tq; fpapy; xUtu; khjk; 1000&gha; tP j k;
10 tUlk; Nrkpf;fyhk; vd;Wk; mjd; Kjpu;Tj;njhifia
itj;J VNjhxU fhupaj;jpw;F jpl;lkpl;L ,Uf;fpwhu; vd;W
itj;Jf;nfhs;Nthk;. vjpu;ghuhj tpjkhf mtu; 3k; tUlk;
,we; J tpl; l hy; > tq; f papy; mJtiu Nrkpj; j gzKk;
mjd; tl;bAk; FLk;gj;jhUf;F fpilf;Fk;. Mdhy;> mNj
gzj;ij MAs; fhg;gPl;by; KjyPL nra;jhy;> mtu; vd;d
Nrkpf;f Mirg;gl;lhNuh me;j gzk; ,g;NghNj
FLk;gj;jhUf;F fpilf;Fk; my;yth?
,e;j ,uz;L cjhuzq;fs; cq;fSf;F ek;gpf;if
mspf;Fnkd;W epidf;fpNwd;.
jq;fk;:
jq; f k; eifahf thq; f pdhy; vg; g b KjyP L MFk; ?
nra; $ yp kw; W k; Nrjhuk; thapyhf 15 rjk; Kjy; 20
rjk; tiu ehk; jq; f j; j pd; tpiyiatpl mjpfk; j Nd
nfhLf;fpNwhk;. KjyPlhf Ntz;Lnkd;why; ehk; jq;ff;
fl; b fshf kl; L Nk thq; f Ntz; L k; . NkYk; jq; f fl; b
kw; W k; eiffis ehk; ghJfhf;f Ntz; L ky;yth?
jpUlg;gLk; mghak; cs;sjy;yth? mjpf mstpy; jq;fk;
itj;jpUg;gJ Mgj;jy;yth?
tPl;Lkid kw;Wk; epyk;:
tP l ; L kid kw; W k; epyk; thq; F jy; vg; N ghJNk
ekf; F tpUg; g khd tp\ak; j hd; . ,J rKjhaj; j py;
mq; f P f huKk; jUk; . ehk; tptrhak; nra; t njd; w hy;
tptrha epyj; ij thq;fyhk; . nrhe; j tPL fl; lTk; epyk;
thq; fyhk;. ,J jtpu XupU ,lq; fs; thq; fyhk;. md;w p
mjpf mstpy; epy j;jpy; KjyPLnra;tJ mij Na
njhopyhfr; nra; g tUf; Fj; j hd; nghUe; Jk; . Vndd; w hy; >
ehk; gy re; j u; g q; f spy; epyj; j pd; gj; j pu kjpg; i gtpl
mjpf gzk; nfhLj;Jjhd; epyk; thq;f
Ntz; b ,Uf; f pwJ. ,t; t hW nfhLf; F k; gzj; j pw; F
fzf; Nfh> cj;j puthjNkh fpilahJ. vjpu;ghuhjtpjkhf
murhq;fk; mjd; jpl;lj;jpw;fhf epyj;ij ifafg;gLj;Jk;
gl; r j; j py; md; w a murhq; f kjpg; g P l ; b w; F jhd; gzk;
jUthu;fs;. ,J ngUj;j e\;lj;ij cUthf;Fk;. NkYk;>
cldbahf tpw;WKjyhf;FtJ epyj;ijg; nghUj;jtiu
fbdk;. mijtpl xU mr;RWj;jy; epykjpg;ig ntFthf
Fiwf; F k; . cjhuzj; j pw; F > gy,lq; f spy; ,Uf; F k;
tzpfj;jpw;Ffe;j epyq;fspd; kjpg;G> mq;F xU
Nkk;ghyk; fl;Ltjhy; gz;klq;F Fiwe;jij
fz;bUg;gPu;fs;.
gq;Fr;re;ij:
gq; F r; r e; i japy; Neubahf KjyP L nra; t jw; Fk;
MAs; fhg;gPl;Lj; jpl;lq;fspd; %yk; KjyPL nra;tjw;Fk;
epiwa tpj;j pahrq; fs; cz;L . gq; Fr; re;i j KjyP l; by;
K O% r; rh f <L g l; b Ug; g tu; fNs rk a j ; j py ; ng Uk;
gzj; i j ,oe; j pUf; f pwhu; f s; . vdNt Nghjpa mDgtk;
,y; y hky; mjpy; gzk; NghLtJ mjpf Mgj; j hdJ.
eP z ; l fhy KjyP l hf ey; y epWtdq; f spd; gq; F fis
thq; f yhk; . Mdhy; ekJ vy; y h gzj; i jAk; mq; F
itg;gJ MfhJ. MAs; fhg;gPl;L epWtd epjp epu;thfpfs;
gq;Fr;re;ijapy; mDgtkpf; ftu; NkYk; mtu;fs; mjpf
Mgj; J s; s KjyP l ; L jj; J tq; f is Nkw; n fhs; s muR
Mizak; ,uplh mDkjpg;gjpy;iy.
,g; g b epahakhd fhuzq; fis xg; g pl ekf; F Nghjpa
jfty; mwpTk; mDgtKk; epr;rk; mtrpaky;yth?
6. nghUshjhu mbg;gil jfty;fs;:

g y N euq ; fspy ; ehk ; ty ; Y eu; v d; g i j ek J
thbf;ifahsuplk; ep&gpf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. kNdhjj;Jt
tpjpg; g b ehk; kw; w tiu ftu Ntz; L k; vd; w hy; > ehk;
ekJ Jiwapy; tpj;jfu;fshf tpsq;f Ntz;Lk;.
ehk;Kila tpahghuj;jpd; ngUk;gFjp ehk;
thbf;ifahsiu ve;e msT ftu;e;jpUf;fpNwhk; vd;gij
nghUj;J mikfpwJ.
ehk; gy;Jiw tpj;j fu; fshf ,y;y htpbYk;> ekJ
Jiw rhu;e;j mwpit tsu;j;Jf;nfhs;Sjy;
mtrpaky;yth?
ek; K ila njhopy; rhu; g hd rpy nghUshjhu
mbg;gil jfty;fs;.
1. gztPf;fk;:
gztPf;fk; vd;gJ tpiythrp Vw;wj;jhy; FiwAk;
gzj;jpd; kjpg;Ng MFk;. fle;j fhyq;fspy; ruhrupahf 7
rjj;j pw; Fk; Nkyhf ek; gzj; j pd; kjpg; G Mz;L NjhWk;
Fiwe;J nfhz;Nl tUfpwJ. ,jdhy; ekJ
thbf;ifahsu; milAk; ghjpg;G vd;d?
gztPf;fk; 7 rjnkd;why;> 7 rjk; tl;b jUk; xU
jpl; l j; j py; mtu; KjyP L nra; A k; nghOJ mtUila
gzj; j pd; kjpg; G mjpfupf; f tpy; i y vd; g J cz; i k.
cjhuzj;jpw; F> gztP f;fk; 7 rjk; vd;why; > ehk; ,d;W
100 &gha; f ; F thq; F k; nghUis mLj; j tUlk; 107
&gha; nfhLj; j hy; thq; f yhk; . mNj Neuj; j py; 100
&ghia 7 rjk; tl; b jUk; KjyP l; b y; itj; j hy; xU-
tUlk; fopj; J mtUf; F 107 &gha; f s; fpilf; F k; .
Mdhy;> fle;j tUlk; mtu; 100 &gha; nfhLj;J
thq;fpa mNj nghUis 107 &gha; nfhLj;J ,e;jtUlk;
thq;Fthu;. vdNt mtUila gzk; tsuhky;
m g ; g b N a , U f; f p w J . , g; ng h O J rw ; W N a h r pj ; J
ghUq;fs;. ,e;e KjyPL rupjhdh? yhgkhdjh?
Mifahy; gztPf;fj;ijtpl mjpf yhgk;
fpilj; j hy; kl; L Nk gzj; j pd; kjpg; G caUk; . ,e; j
jfty; ekf;F ,Ue;jhy; ek; Ngr;rpy; xU cz;ik>
njspT kw;Wk; ftu;r;rp ,Uf;Fky;yth?
xUKiw ehd; xU ntspehl;by; Ntiy ghu;f;Fk;
thbf; i fahsuplk; ,e; j jftiy gfpu; e ; J nfhs; S k;
NghJ> mtu; kpf Mu;tkhf ftdpj;jhu;. gpd;du; ,jw;fhd
fzf;fPL kw;Wk; Mjhuq;fis ghu;j;jTld;>
gztP f ; f j; j pw; F k; Fiwthd tl; b jUk; KjyP L fis
fzf; f pl; l hu; . mtUf; N f Mr; r upak; . mtu; 18 yl; r k;
&gha; fis mj;j ifa jpl; lj; j py; itj; j pUe;j hu; . ,jd;
tpisTfis fzf; fpl; l mtu; kWehNs midj; i jAk;
jpUk;gg;ngw;W mjpf yhgk; jUk; ghJfhg;ghd KjyPl;by;
KjyP L nra; j hu; . ,jpy; vq; f Sf; F &gha; 5 yl; r k;
gpupkpak; fpilj; j J. ,g; N ghJ Gupfpwjh? xt; n thU
jftYk; Kf;fpak; vd;W?
2. tuptpfpjKk; tupr;rYiffSk;:
xUrpy KjyPLfSf;F kl;LNk tuptpyf;F cz;L.
mtw; w py; jw; N ghJ MAs; fhg; g P l; L jpl; lq; fSf; F Sec
80C (subject to change) gpuptpd;gb nrYj;Jk; gpupkpaj;jpw;F
tUkhd tup tpyf; F cz; L . Mdhy; > MAs; f hg; g P l ; L
jpl; l q; f spd; Kjpu; t pw; F k; Sec 10(10D) gpuptpd; g b
tuptpyf;F cz;L. ,J kpfTk; ftu;r;rpahd tpgukhFk;.
MAs; fhg;gPL Kjpu;T njhif midj;ijAk;
thbf;ifahsu; tuptpyf;Fld; ngwyhk; vd;why; ,j;jpl;lk;
xU kpfTk; ftu; r; r pahd jpl; lky; y th? ,J NtW ve; e
KjyP l ; b w; F k; fpilf; f hj rYif my; y th? ,ijtpl
NtW rpwe;e tpw;gid Cf;fp vJ Ntz;Lk;?
,J jtpu> tUkhd tup jpl; l j; j pd; KO tpguk; >
tuprYif jUk; gpupTfs; > KjyP l ; L yhg tuptpfpjk;
Mfpatw; i w mt; t g; N ghJ njupe; J khw; w q; f isAk;
ftdpj;Jte;jhy; ehk; rpwe;j fhg;gPL kw;Wk; nghUshjhu
M N y h r f u; f s h f e k ; K i l a t h b f; i f a h s u ; f shy ;
ghuhl;lg; ngWNthk; my;yth?
MAs; fhg;gPl;L tpw;gidapd; rPrd; vd;W
nrhy;yg;gLk; khjk; brk;gu; Kjy; khu;r; tiu. mjhtJ
rk; g sk; ngWNthu; brk; g upNyNa mtu; fsJ tUkhdtup
jpl; l kpLjiy Kbj; J tpLthu; f s; . Ranjhopy; Gupgtu;
kw;Wk; njhopyjpgu;fs; khu;r; tiu jpl;lkpLthu;fs;. ,jpy;
ehk; mjpf mwpTilatuhf ,Ue;jhy; kpf;f ed;wy;yth?
3. ek; ehl;bd; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp:
ekJ KjyP l; L tsur; rp ekJehl; bd; tsu; r; rpia
nghUj; N j mikAk; . xU ehl; b d; nghUshjhu tsu; r p
me; ehl; bd; xl; L nkhj;j cw;g j; j papd; tsu; rpia (Gross
Domestic Product) nghUj;J mikAk;. xt;nthU Mz;Lk;
,e; j tsu; r ; r p tpfpjk; mwptpf; f g; g Lk; . ekJ ehl; b d;
xl; L nkhj; j cs; e hl; L cw; g j; j p rkP g fhykhf 8 rjk;
tsu; e ; J tUfpwJ. mg; g bnadpy; 9 tUlq; f spy; ekJ
ehl;bd; nkhj;j cw;gj;jp ,Uklq;fhFk;. ,J
ekf;nfy;yhk; kpf ,dpg;ghd nra;jpjhNd?
ekJ ehl; b d; nghUshjhu tsu; r ; r p NkYk; rpy
Mz;Lfs; ,Nj rjj;jpy; ePbf;f mjpf tha;g;G cs;sJ.
Vnddpy;> cyf muq;fpy; mjpf tsu;r;rpf;F tha;g;Gs;s
ehL fspd; g l; ba y; ‘g; upf; ’ ( B R I C ) v Dk; gpNurpy; >
u\;ah> ,e;jpah kw;Wk; rPdh Mfpa ehLfs;.
vdNt ,e;jpag; gq;Ffspy; KjyPL nra;tJ mjpf yhgk;
nfhLf; F k; . ,j; j fty; f s; KjyP l ; l hsu; f Sf; F mjpf
ek;gpf;if mspf;Fk;.
,J N g h d; w j f ty ; f i s e hk ; t z p f n ra; j p
jhs;fspYk;> tzpf khjhe;jpu> thu> ,Uthu
gj;jpupf;iffspYk; Rygk hf ng wyhk;. ,JNg hd;w
jfty; f is ehk; mt; t g; N ghJ Nrfupj; J ekJ mwpTg;
ngl;lfj;jpy; jahuhf itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
ek; e hl; b d; ,j; j ifa jfty; f Sld; . tsu; e ; j
ehL fs; > tsUk ; gpw ehL fs; gw ;w pa j fty ; fSk;
,Ue;jhy; rhyr;rpwe;jJ.
,e;j jiyg;gpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;lit midj;Jk; kpf
Kf; f pakhd> mbj; j l; L kdpjidAk; ghjpf; f f; $ ba
jfty;fs;. ,Jjtpu ek;ehl;L jdpkdpj Mz;L tUkhdk;>
jdpkdpj Nrkpg;G tpfpjk; kw;Wk; Nrkpg;G tsu;r;rp tpfpjk;>
gq;F re;ijapd; ghJfhg;G mk;rq;fs;> kw;w gj;jpuq;fspd;
v j pu; fhy t l; b tpf p j k ; > ng hUshj hu r k ; g e; j k hd
rl;lkhWjy;fs; Mfpatw;iwAk; $u;e;J ftdpj;J jfty;
Nrfupj; J mtw; w pd; ghjpg; i g ek; K ila jpl; lq; fSf; F
xg;gpl;L ghu;f;f Ntz;Lk;. xUehl;bd; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp
xt;nthU Fbkfdpd; tsu;r;rp. ehL tsu ehKk;
tsu;Nthk; my;yth? ,j;jfty; ek;Kila
KjyPl;lhsUf;F kpFe;j ek;gpf;if jUk;;.
7. fhg;gP l;L epWtdq;fspd; ghJfhg;G gw;w pa rl;l
jpl;lq;fs; gw;wpa jfty;fs;:
ehk; ve;jnthU nghUshjhu jpl;lj;ij tpw;f

Kad; w hYk; > mjpYs; s ghJfhg; G mk; r q; f Sf; F
kf;fs; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspg;ghu;fs;. ekJ epWtdk;
k f;fshy; mwpag;g l;l epWtdkhf ,Ue; j hy; >
kf;fspd; ek;gpf;i fia vspjpy; ngwyhk;. Mdhy;>
ekJ epWtdk; Gjpa my;yJ Gfo;
ngwhjjhf ,Ug; g pd; > ehk; ,j; j ifa jfty; f s;
%yk; thbf;ifahsupd; kjpg;ig vspjpy; ngwyhk;.
fhg;gPl;L epWtdq;fis fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; rl;lq;fSk;

mjd; cl;gpupTfSk;:
MAs; fhg; g P l ; L rl; l k; 1938> 1956 kw; W k;
I.Mu;. b.Na rl;lk; 1999 Mfpad rl; lq;fs; MAs;
fhg; g P l ; L tzpfj; i jAk; > jpl; l KiwfisAk; >
fkprd; cr;rtuk;G> KjyPl;L Kiw Mfpa
midj;J nray;ghLfisAk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
,d;#ud;]; rl;lk; 27k; gpupT:

MAs; f hg; g P l ; L epWtdq; f s; mjd; Kjy;
kw;Wk; nrhj;Jf;fis 65rjk; murhq;f
gj; j puq; f spYk; > kP j k; 35 rjk; muR mDkjpj; j
gj;jpuq;fspYk; KjyPL nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
,d;#ud;]; rl;lk; 27C gpupT:

,d; # ud; ] ; epWtdk; mjd; KjyP l ; l hsu;
gzj; ij NeubahfNth> kiwKfkhfNth ,e; j pah
jtpu ntspehl;by; KjyPL nra;af;$lhJ.

,d;#ud;]; epWtdk; ghyp]pjhuUf;F mtuJ
ghyp]pf; fhd fld; jtpu NtW ahUf; Fk; ve; j t
ifapYk; fld; nfhLf;ff;$lhJ. fk;ngdp epu;thfp>
Nkyhsu; Kjypa vtUf;Fk; fld; juf;$lhJ.
,d;#ud;]; rl;lk; 31B gpupT:
MAs; f hg; g P l ; L rl; l j; j py; Fwpg; g pl; l jw; F
Nkyhf rk;gsNkh fkp\Ndh ve;jxU MAs;fhg;gPL
e p W t d K k ; m j d; K f t u; m y ; y J t pw ; g i d -
ahsUf;F juf;$lhJ.
,d;#ud;]; rl;lk; 34C gpupT:

ng h Jk f; fsp d; Nt z ; L Nf hS f; fhf N t h>
epWtdj; j pd; eyd; f UjpNah> ghyp]pjhuupd; eyd;
fUjpNah> ,d; # ud; ] ; mj; j hupl; b > xU fhg; g P l ; L
epWtdj;jpy; $Ljy; epu;thfpfis epakdk;
nra;ayhk;. xU fhg;gP l;L epWtdj;j pd; eltbf;if
rupapy ; y hj rk a j; j py ; muR Mi z a k; ,e; j
eltbf;ifia Nkw;nfhs;Sk;.
,d;#ud;]; rl;lk; 40B gpupT:

,e;jpahtpy; MAs;fhg;gPl;L njhopy; nra;Ak;
ve; j xU epWtdKk; > murhy; mDkjpf; f g; g l; l
epu; t hf nryTfSf; F Nkyhf ve; j Mz; b Yk;
nrytopf;f mDkjp fpilahJ.
,d;#ud;]; rl;lk; 52H gpupT:

KjyP l ; l hsu; kw; W k; ghyp]pjhuupd; eyd;
fUjp> rupahf epWtfpf; f g; g lhj MAs; f hg; g P l ; L
epWtdj; i j> kj; j pa murhq; f Nk Vw; W elj; j
Ntz;Lk;.

,e;jpa fk;ngdp rl;lk; 1913y; ve;j
$w; W ,Ue; j hYk; > xU MAs; f hg; g P l ; L epWtdk;
ve;j xU fhuzj;jpYk; fk;ngdpia %lf;$lhJ.
,e; j rl; l q; f nsy; y hk; ghyp]pjhuUf; F kpFe; j

ghJfhg;G mspf;fpwjy;yth? ,g;gbg;gl;l
jfty; f is ehk; $Wk; N ghJ vtUk; ghJfhg; G
fUjp epuhfupf;f ,ayhJ my;yth?
8. md;whl epfo;Tfs; gw;wpa jfty;fs;:
ehk; ekJ njhopy; rhu;e;j mwpit vg;NghJk; jah

uhfTk;> epfOk; khw;wq;fis mwpe;Jk;
itj;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;.
md;whlk; Clfq;fspd; thapyhf epfOk;

khw;wq;fis mwpe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. gztPf;fk;>
gq;Fre;ij khw;wq;fs;> tq;fpfspd; tl;btpfpjq;fs;> Gjpa
Nrkpg;Gj; jpl;lq;fs;> tupfspy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fs; Mfpa
midj; i jANk ehk; md; w a Njjptiu mwpe; j pUf; f
Ntz;Lk;.
,t;thW jfty; ngl;lfkhf ehk; jpfo;e;jhy;jhd;>

ehk; kw;wtupypUe;J ek;ik NtWgLj;jpf;nfhs;s KbAk;.
mt;thW NtWgLjNy ekf;F rhjfkhd #oiy
cUthf;Fk;. ,d;wa cyfk; jfty; Gul;rp
nra;Jnfhz;L ,Uf;fpwJ. vdNt jfty;fis
Nrfupg; g jpYk; > mtw; i w md; w hlk; mwptjpYk; jpdKk;
Neuk; nrytopf;f Ntz;Lk;. Fwpg;ghf xt;nthU
MAs; f hg; gP L KftUk; > tpw; g idahsUk; ekJ njhopy;
rhu;e;j ehNsLfs; kw;Wk; gj;jpupf;iffSf;F
re;jhjhuu;fshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ehk; njhopy;
nra; f pNwhk; . ,jw; f hd KjyP L k; Mu; t Kk; jpwikAk;
,y;yhky; ehk; rpwe;jtuhf KbahJ.
ekJ njhopy; rhu;e;j mwpTld; kw;wgpw

jfty; fSk; ekf; Fj; njupe; j pUf; f Ntz; L k; . Fwpg; g hf
ehl; L elg; G fs; gw; w pa mwpT> ek; i kg; g w; w pa ey; y
kjpg; i g thbf; i fahsuplk; cUthf; F k; . ahnuhUtiu
ehk; re; j pj; j hYk; ekf; F ez; g uhfNth> ek; i kg; g w; w pa
ey; y kjpg; G ilatuhfNth Mf; F tjw; F jfty; mwpT
Kf;fpak;.
epPq;fs; toq;Fk; MNyhridfs; vg;NghJk;

“epP
rpwe;jjhfTk;> jdpj;Jtk; tha;e;jjhfTk;
,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.”
ekJ njhopiy rpwg; g hf nra; a mtrpakhd
mbg; g il Njitfisg; g w; w p ,g; g puptpy; mwpNthk; .
vj;jifa njhopyhf ,Ue;jhYk;> mjd; jd;ikf;F Vw;g
rpy mbg;gil jFjpfs; Ntz;Lk;. mit ek;kplk;
Kd;Ng ,Ue;jhy; ed;W. ,y;iynad;whYk; mtw;iw ehk;
tsu;j;Jf;nfhs;syhk;. ehk; ,e;j mbg;gil Njitfspy;
ftdk; nrYj; j tpy; i y vd; w hy; > eP z ; l ehl; f s; ve; j
njhopiyAk; nra;a KbahJ.
MAs;fhg;gPL njhopYf;F Njitahd mbg;gil

Njitfs;:
1. ekf; F njupe; j > ghyp]p ju jFjpahd egu; f spd;

vz;zpf;if.
2. ,j;njhopYf;nfd jpde;NjhWk; ehk; xJf;Fk; Neuk;.
3. thfdk; kw;Wk; ifNgrp (Cell Phone).
4. fw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; Mu;tk;.
5. gzk;> Gfo;> tsu;r;rp Mfpatw;wpd; kPJ mjpf ehl;lk;.
6. jPtpu jd;dk;gpf;if kw;Wk; tplhKaw;rp.
7. thbf;fifahsiu Nerpf;Fk; gz;G.
8. vg;nghOJk; Nritnra;a jahuhf ,Uj;jy;.
Nkw;$wpatw; i w ehk; tpupthf fhz;Nghk;. Mdhy;

Nkw; $ wpaitfs; rpy Kf; f pa mk; r q; f s; . ,tw; i w
jtpuTk; gytiffspy; ehk; RaNkk; g hl; L topfis
gpd;gw;WtJ rhyr;rpwe;jJ.
1. ekf;F njupe;j> ghyp]p ju jFjpahd egu;fspd;

vz;zpf;if:
,ij Mq;fpyj;jpy; fhd;lhf;l; (Contact) vd;W
$Wthu; f s; . ,e; j njhopypy; ek; K ila gyNk ekf; F
njupe; j egu; fspd; vz; z pf; i f MFk; . mjpf egu; fis
ekf;F ed;F njupe;jpUe;jhy; ehk; kpFe;j gyd;
milNthk;. Kd;Ng ,ijg;gw;wp $wp ,Ue;jhYk;> ,q;Fk;
Fwpg;gpLtJ Vndd;why;> ,Jjhd; ekJ %yjdk;.
midtUf;FNk mjpf egu;fis njupAk;. Mdhy;
ekJ njhopYf; F cfe; j egu; f is Nju; T nra; t J
vt;thW?
ahnuy;yhk; ghyp]p ngw KbAk; my;yJ
ju ,aYk;? ahnuy;yhk; rk;ghjpf;fpwhu;fNsh>
mtu; fisy; y hk; ekJ tUq; fhy thbf; i fahsu; Mtu; .
Mdhy; rk; g hjpf; Fk; midtUk; gpupkpak; fl; L k; epiy
apy; ,Ug;ghu;fsh? MAs;fhg;gPL midtUf;Fk;
mtrpak;jhd;. Mdhy; rpyuJ tUkhdk; mtuJ md;whl
nrytpw; N f fl; L gbahfhJ. mj; j ifa egu; f splk; ehk;
ek;K ila Neuj;i j tP z bf;ff; $lhJ. rk; ghjpg; gjpf; Fk;
gzj;jpw;Fs; rpf;fdkhf tho;fpw egu;fsplk; ehk;
mZfyhk;. eLj;ju FLk;gq;fspypUe;J Nky; jl;L tiu
ehk; midtiuAk; mZfyhk;.
njupe; j egu; f is (fhd; l hf; L fis) tupirg; g Lj; J k;

Kiw:
cq;fSf;F njupe;j> ghyp]p vLf;Fk; jFjpAila>
egu; f is xt; n thd; w hf vOj Jtq; F q; f s; . mt; t hW
v OJk ; ng hOJ> fPo ; tUk hW tupi rapy ; rpe;j pj ;J
NghJkhd Neuk; vLj;J vOJq;fs;.
1. neUq;fpa cwtpdu;. 2. J}uj;J cwtpdu;. 3. ez;gu;fs;.

4. cq; f s; njU> fpuhkk; my; y J gFjpia Nru; e ; j
cq; fSf; F njupe; j egu; f s; . 5. cq; fSld; gs; s papy;
gapd; w ez; g u; f s; kw; W k; Mrpupau; f s; . 6. cq; f Sld;
gzpahw; w patu; f s; . 7. cq; f sJ thbf; i fahsu; f s; . 8.
cq;fSf;F Nrit Gupgtu;fs;. kspif> ghy;> kpd;rhjdk;>
tPl;Lr;rhkhd;fs;> fha;fwpfs;> Nf];> Nfgps; Mfpatw;iw
tpw;gtu;. eiff;filfhuu;> Jzpf;filf;fhuu;> ijay;fhuu;>
ehtpju;> kUj;Jtu;> cq;fs; FbapUg;G gFjpapd; jiytu;
kw;Wk; rq;f Kf;fpa mq;fj;jpdu;fs;. ePq;fs;
thbf;ifahf nry;Yk; ve;jnthU ,lj;jpYk;
eP q ; fs; re; j pf; F k; egu; f s; vd gyiuAk; eP q ; fs; vO-
jyhk;.
ehk; vOjpa midtUila midj;J jfty;fSk;

ek;kplk; vOJk; rkak; ,y;yhky; NghdhYk;> ehk; tpiu
tpy; mtw; i w Nrfupf; f yhk; . ,t; t hW vOjpitg; g jpy;
ekf; F gy ed; i kfs; cz; L . ek; K ila epidtpy;
midtuJ jfty; f isAk; itj; J f; n fhs; s KbahJ.
vOjpitg;gjhy;> vg;nghOJ Ntz;LNkh mg;nghONj ehk;
mtw; i w fhzyhk; . NkYk; xt; n thU ehisAk; ehk;
jpl; l kpl; L nray; g l ,e; j jfty; gjpT kpFe; j cjtp
nra;Ak;.
ekf;F kpff;Fiwe;j egNu nj upAk; vd;why;

vt;thW ,j;njhopiy nra;tJ?
Vw;nfdNt ehk; $wpAs;sgb rq;fq;fspy;

cWg;gpduhfyhk;. mijj;jtpu rpy NtW top-
Kiwfis ,q; F fhz; Nghk;. Kjypy; ehk; ez; g u;fis
Nru;f;Fk; fiyia gapy Ntz;Lk;. cldbahf cq;fs;
CupYs; s ey; y Njhu; rq; f j; j py; mq; f j; j pduhFq; f s; .
vq;nfy;yhk; kf;fs; $Lfpwhu;fNsh mq;nfy;yhk; ePq;fs;
,Uq;fs; . (ey;y kf; fs; $Lk; ey;y ,lq; fspy; kl;L k;)
jpdKk; Fiwe;jJ 20 egu;fsplkhtJ mwpKfkhFq;fs;.
cq; fsJ mYty; ml;i lia gupkhwp (Visiting Card)
mtu;fspd; ml;ilia thq;fp cq;fs; Nehl;by;
jfty;fis cldbahf vOJq;fs; . fhiyapy; > kf; fs;
clw; g apw; r pf; f hf elf; F kplj; j py; eP q ; f Sk; fye; J
nfhs; S q; f s; . cq; f s; CupYs; s gpugykhd Nahfh
tFg;Gf;F ePq;fSk; nry;Yq;fs;. ,JNghd;w vj;jidNah
topfspy; ePq;fs; cq;fsJ el;G tl;lj;ij ngUf;fyhk;.
ePq;fs; ahiu ghu;j;jhYk;> mtuplk; ePq;fs; ghyp]p

vLf; f Ntz; L k; my; y J ghyp]p jUk; rpy egu; f spd;
mwpKfk; fpilf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W jPu;khdk;
nra; J nfhs; S q; f s; . ,e; j gapw; r p fhd; l hf; l ; ,y; y hj
egu;fSf;F kl;Lkd;W. midtUf;Fk; ,J nghUe;Jk;.
2. ,e;j njhopYf;fhf ehk; xJf;Fk; Neuk;:
,e; j njhopYf; f hf ehk; jpde; N jhWk; vj; j id
kzpfs; xJf;FfpNwhk; vd;gJ kpf Kf;fpak;.
vy; y hj; j FjpfSk; kpFjpahf ngw; w gy Kftu; f s;
Njhy;tpfis re;jpg;gjw;F ,JNt fhuzkhfpd;wJ.
2006k; Mz;L> rpwg;ghf ,U njhopy;fis
elj;jptUk; xU egiu vdJ tpw;gid Nkshsu; mioj;J
te;jhu;. mtUf;F mtuJ Cupy; kpf mjpf
kjpg;Gs;sjhfTk;> mtUf;F KftuhFk; Mty;
cs;sjhfTk; njuptpj;jhu;.
ehd; me; j eguplk; KjypNyNa> xUehisf; F
vt;tsT Neuk; ,e;j njhopYf;fhf nry-
topf;f ,aYnkd;W Nfl;Nld;. mjw;F me;j
egu; > ,jw; nfd jdp Neuk; Njitg; g lhnjd;W k; > mtuJ
kw;w mYty;fSf;F eLtpNyNa ,j;njhopiy
nra;aKbAnkd; W k; $wpdhu; . mij ehd; vt;tsT
kWj; J k; mtu; Nfl; f tpy; i y. filrpapy; me; j egupd;
kdJk; vdJ tpw;gid Nkshsupd; kdJk; tUe;jf;$lhJ
vd; W mtiu Kftuhf mDkjpj; N jd; . mtu; gapw; r p
tFg; G fSf; F k; xOq; f hf tutpy; i y. gupl; i rf; F $l
mtiu tw;GWj;jp mioj;jhu; vdJ Nkshsu;.
gpd; d u; mtiu Ntiy nra; a itf; f vt; t sNth
K a d; W k ; , a y t py ; i y . k pf T k ; N ti y g; g S T ld;
,Ug; g tu; fshy; ,j; njhopiy rpwg;g hf nra;a KbahJ.
,jw;nfd jdpahf Neuk; xJf;FtNjhL> thbf;ifahsupd;
miog; g pw; F Jupjkhf nray; g l Ntz; L k; . vdNt ehk;
vt;tsT gp]pahdtuhdhYk; ,j;njhopYf;F mjpf Neuk;
xJf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,j;njhopypy; cq;fsJ Neuk; gzkhFk;. xUkzp
Neuj; j pw; F eP q ; f s; rk; g hjpf; F k; gzk; ehshf ehshf
gd;klq;F mjpfupf;Fk;.
,q;F Neuk; gzkhFk;”

“,q;
,q;F ehd; xU Kf;fpa egiu epidT$w
Ntz; L k; . jpU. fUg; gz; z d; vd;W xU MAs; fhg; gP l;L
Kftu; ,Uf;fpwhu;. mtUld; goFk; tha;g;G fpilj;jJ.
mtUld; fye;JiuahLk; NghJ kpf Mr;rupakhd jfty;
fpilj;jJ. mtu; $wpa me;j tpahghu EZf;fj;ijg;
gad;gLj;jp jpU. kzptz;zd; vd;w KftUk;
cr;rj;jpw;F nrd;whu;.
ehd; Kd; Ng $wpaJ Nghy> eP q ; fs; ntw; w pahsu;
gl; b aypy; ,lk; n gw Ntz; L nkd; w hy; ntw; w pahsUld;
ciuahLq;fs;.
jpU. fUg;gz; z d; mtu;fSila jdpj; J tk;
mjpfhiyapNyNa tpahghuj; i j Jtq; F tJjhd; . mtu;
jpdKk; fhiy 5 kzpf;Nf vOe;J eilg;gapw;rp nra;tJ
tof;fk;. mt;thW 1 kzpNeuk; tPl;bypUe;J jpdKk; xU
jpirapy; elg; g hu; . gpwF 6 kzpahfptpLk; . mq; f pUe; J
jpUk; g tUk; topapy; mtuJ ez; g u; > thbf; i fahsu;
MfpNahiu mjpfhiyapNyNa tP l ; b y; re; j pj; J rpwpJ
ciuahbtpl;L fhg;gPL gw;wpAk; Fwpg;gpl;Ltpl;L
te;JtpLthu;. gpwF re;jpj;j egu;fis gjpNtl;by; Fwpj;J
tpl; L mtu; f spy; ghyp]p vLf; F k; tha; g ; G s; s tu; f is
mtu; f Sf; F rhjfkhd Neuj; j py; njhlu; G nfhz; L
ghyp]p vLg;ghu;.
,e; j jftiy ehd; vdJ Kf; f pa Kftu; f is
xU $l; lj; j pw; F tutioj; J mtu; thahNyNa nrhy;y
itj; N jd; . gyu; ,ij Nfl; l hu; f s; . Mdhy; mtu; f spy;
jpU. kzptz; z d; vd; w Kftu; kl; L k; mtu; $wpaij
ek;gpdhu;.
mLj;j ehNs fhiy 6 kzpf;F vdJ miyNgrp
xypj; j J. mjpy; jpU. kzptz; z d; mtu; fs; mioj; J
jhd; jpU. fUg;gz;zd; mtu;fs; $wpa Kiwg;gb fhiy
5.30 kzpf;Nf thbf;ifahsu;fis re;jpj;J md;W fhiy
&gha;.25000 gpupkpak; thq;fptpl;ljhf $wpdhu;.
vdf;F kfpo;r;rpAk; Mde;jKk; epiwe;jJ.
Vndd;why; jpU. kzptz;zd; mtu;fSf;F ,e;j njhopy;
GjpaJ. NkYk; mtu; Vw; n fdNt gugug; g hf ,Uf; F k;
njhopyjpgu; . ,e; j epiyapYk; mtu; jhd; nra; t J
gpwUf; F ey; y Jjhd; vd; W KOikahf ek;gp jP tpukhf
nray;gl Jtq;fpdhu;. gy;NtW rhjidfs;
gilj;J ,d;Wk; Kjy; ju Kftu; gl;baypy; cs;shu;.
3. thfdk; kw;Wk; ifNgrp:
thbf; i fahsupd; $g; g pl; l FuYf; F XNlhbr;
nrd; W Nri t nra;j hy ; j hd; ehk ; Ng hl; bi a k Pw p
ntw;wpahsuhf KbAk;.
,j;njhopypy; Nghl;b mjpfk;. Mifahy;
thbf;ifahsUf;F NjbtUk; tha;g;Gfs; kw;Wk;
NritfSk; mjpfk;. thbf;ifahu; ek;kplk; vjpu;ghu;g;gJ
mtUf; F Njitahd Neuj; j py; Nrit nra; t ijNa.
,ij ehk; mtUf; F mspf; f Ntz; L nkd; w hy; ekf; F
thfdKk; ifNgrpAk; kpf kpf mtrpak;.
ehk; Kd; d u; fz; l J Nghy> ,j; n jhopypy; Neuk;
gzkhFk;. ekJ Neuk; gaDs;jhf nrytopaTk;> mjpf
Ntiyfis Kbf; f Tk; thfdk; mtrpak; . ehk; kpf
tpiy kpFe;j fhu;fspy; nry;y Ntz;lhk;. Mdhy;> ekJ
trjpf;Nfw;g xU ,Urf;fu thfdkhtJ (Bike) Ntz;Lk;.
,y;iynad;why; ehk; thfdk; itj;jpUg;gtiu
xg;gpLifapy; 5y; xU gq;F $l Ntiy nra;a KbahJ.
ehk; tpUk; G k; Neuj; j py; thbf; i fahsu; jah
uhf ,Uf; f khl; l hu; . mtu; tpUk; G k; Neuj; j py; j hd; ehk;
jahuhfNtz; L k; . mt; t hW mtu; tpUk; G ifapy; ehk;
mtuJ ,lj;ij kpf Fiwe;j Neuj;jpy; mila
N t z ; L nk d p y ; ek ; k pl k ; n r h e; j t h f dk ; , U g; g J
mtrpak;.
mNjNghy; ek;kplk; ifNgrpAk; mtrpakhf ,Uf;f
Ntz; L k; . njhopy; E l; g k; ekJ trjpf; F te; J mij
midtUk; cgNahfpf; f Jtq; f ptpl; l hy; ehKk; mij
cgNahfpf; f epu; g e; j pf; f g; g LNthk; . ifNgrp ek; k plk;
,Ug; g jhy; ek; i k ekJ thbf; i fahsUk; > ehk; ekJ
thbf; i fahsiuAk; vspjpy; njhlu; G nfhs; s yhk; .
,jd; K yk; ehk; vg; N ghJk; midtuplKk; njhlu; g py;
,Ug;Nghk;.
,d;W Kftu;fs; ngUk;ghYk; ,tw;iw
itj; J s; s hu; f s; . Mdhy; rpy tpw; g id Nkshyu; f Ns
thfdkpd;wp cs;sJ kpfTk; Ntjidf;FwpaJ.
cq;fs; ifNgrpapd; vz;iz mbf;fb khw;whjPu;”
“cq;
4. fw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; Mu;tk;: (will to learn)

ehk; Kd;djhfNt ghu;j;jJNghy;> ,e;j njhopYf;F
gy;NtW j fty;fs; njupe;jpUg;gJ mtrpak;. ehk;
jfty; f is mwpaNtz; L nkdpy; jpwe; j kdg; g hd; i k
Ntz;;Lk;. vy;yhk; njupAk; vd epidg;gtu; rpy ehl;fspy;
xd;Wk; njupahjtuhthu;.
fw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy; vd;gJ tho;ehspy;
jpdKk; elf;Fk; epfo;T vd;gij kwe;JtplhjPu;fs;.
tpUg; g kpd; w p ehk; vj; j id Gj; j fk; gapd; w hYk; >
v j ; j i d tFg; Gfs; nrd; w hY k ; v JT k ; ek J
kdjpy; epw;fhJ. mg;gbNa epd;whYk; ekf;F
Njitg;gLk; Neuj;jpy; mJ ekJ epidtpw;F te;J
cjthJ.
,j;njhopYf;F Njitahdtw;iw
fw; W f; n fhs; s hjtu; f s; tpl; b y; G+r; r pfs; Nghd; W
tpiutpNyNa jq; fs; njhopypd; Kbit jhq; fNs
Njbf;nfhs;thu;fs;.
j j ; JtNk i j rhf; uB ]; j dJ tho ; tpd;
,Wjpf; f l; l j; j py; > mtiu fhtyu; f s; tp\kUe; j
miof;Fk;NghJ> mtu; kw;Nwhu; ifjp thrpf;Fk; xU
fpuhkpa ,iria urpj; j pUe; j hu; . mtuplk; rpiw
mjpfhupfs; Neukhfptpl; l J vd; w NghJ> rhf; u B]; >
“ehd; ,wg;gjw;F Kd; ,e;j Gjpa ,iria Nfl;L>
urpj; J tpl; L tUfpNwd; . ,e; j jUdj; j pYk; ehd;
Gjpjhd xU tp\aj; i j mwpAk; ,e; j tha; i g
vdf;F jhUq;fs;” vd;W $wpdhu;. fw;gJ vj; jid
mtrpakhdJ! vj;jid ngUik tha;e;jJ!
vj; j id mupaJ! “fw; i f ed; Nw! fw; i f ed; Nw!!
gpr;ir GfpDk; fw;if ed;Nw!!!.
fw;gjpy; Mu;tk; Vw;gl Ntz;Lnkd;why; ehk;
,e;j njhopiy tpUk;g Ntz;Lk;. ek;Kila fpis-
apy;> kz;lyj;jpy; Kjd;ik Kftuhf tuNtz;Lk;
vd; w nfhs; i f ,Uf; f Ntz; L k; . ey; y mwpT
cs;stu; f Sf; F j; j hd; ,e; j cyfk; rptg; G f;
fk; g sk; tpupf; F k; vd; g ij mbf; f b epidtpy;
itj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
jpde;NjhWk; ,uT gLf;iff;F nry;Yk; Kd;
,d; W ehk; vd; d Gjpjhf fw; W s; N shk; vd; g ij
rw;W vz;zpg;ghu;f;f Ntz;Lk;.
ehk; k plk; thbf; i fahsu; xU re; N jfj; i j
njspTgLj; J khW Nfl; L mjw; F ehk; njupahky;
tpopf; Fk; NghJ Vw;gLk; #oiy rw;Nw epidj; Jg;
ghUq;fs;. fw;Fk; Mu;tk; jd;dhy; tUk;.
5. gzk;> Gfo;> tsu;r;rp Mfpatw;wpd; kPJ mjpf ehl;lk;.
NghJnkd; w kdNk nghd; nra; Ak; kUe; J vd; g J
gonkhop. Mdhy; ,d; w a Nghl; b Ak; > tpiyNaw; w Kk; >
mbg; g il Njitfspd; mjpfupg; G k; ,e; e gonkhopia
rw;W k hw;w p “Xa; ntL j;j J Ng hJk; v d;W > tplhky;
c i o f ; F k ; k d N k n g h d ; n r a ; A k ; k Ue ; J ” v d ; W
Vw;Wf;nfhs;s itf;fpwJ.
ehd; xd; W k; ngupatu; f s; $w; W f; F vjpu; t hjk;
nra; a tutpy; i y. Mdhy; xd; i w kl; L k; epidtpy;
itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
‘ e P q ; f s; v j h tJ xd ; i w ,y f; f hf i t j ; J>
mjid miltjw;F jPtu Kaw;rp vLf;fhjtiu ngupjhf
tho;f;ifapy vijAk; rhjpj;jpUf;f KbahJ’.
mjdhy; j hd; gzk; > Gfo; > tsu; r; rp Mfpatw; w pd;
kPJ mjpf ehl;lk; Ntz;Lnkd;W $wpNdd;. gy
Kftu; f s; tUlhe; j pu ,yf; f hd 12 ghyp]p nra; j hNy
NghJk; vd; w pUf; fpwhu; fs; . mtu; f shy; epWtdj; j pw; Nfh>
fpisf; N fh> Vd; mtu; f Sf; N fh VjhtJ gpuNah[dk;
cz;lh?
khngUk; rigapdpy; eP ele; j hy; cdf; F khiy
fs; tpoNtz; L k; vd; W Vd; ghbdhu; f s; . rhjpg; g tu; fs;
mtu;fSf;F kl;Lk; ed;ik Nru;g;gjpy;iy. ehd; Kd;du;
$wpaJ Nghy> jpU. fUg; g z; z d; mtu; f isAk; > jpU.
kzptz; z d; mtu; f isAk; ghu; j ; j gw; g y Kftu; f s;
rhjpf;fpwhu;fs;.
ek;Kila ,yf;F ngupajhfTk;> mjw;fhd ekJ
ehl; l k; jP t pukhfTk; ,Ue; j hy; ehk; mjpf kf; f is
njhlu; G nfhz; L mjpf ghyp]pfs; Nru; g ; N ghk; . mjpf
kf;fSf;F fhg;gPLld; $ba Nrkpg;G jpl;lj;ij
toq; f pdhy; ehk; Kd; G ghu; j ; j J Nghy ,e; j pahtpd;
nghUshjhuk; tYtilAk;. mjdhy; vspjpy; ty;yurhFk;.
ngupa ,yf;F cs;stu;fshy; midtUf;Fk; Mde;jNk.
ekf;F gzk; rk;ghjpf;Fk; Mir Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy;
mjpf ehl;lk; Ntz;Lkh? epr;rak; Ntz;Lk;. mNj rkak;>
ehk; KiwNflhfNth> ghyp]pjhuiu Vkhw;wpNah> mtuJ
mwpahikia cgNahfpj;Njh gzk; Njlf;$lhJ. ,d;wa
tho; t py; trjpahf tho; g tiuNa rhjidahsuhfTk;
cau;e;jtuhfTk; kf;fs; kjpf;fpwhu;fs;. NkYk;> gzk;>
Gfo;> tsu;r;rp Mfpatw;wpd; Nky; ekf;F jPuj
Mir ,Ue;jhy;jhd; ek;khy; rpwg;ghf ciof;f KbAk;.
ekf; F ,yf; nfhd; W ,y; i ynadpy; ciog;g jpy;
mu;j;jk; ,y;iy. ,yf; fpUe;j hy;j hNd jpl;lkpl KbAk;?
jpl;lkpl;lhy;jhNd nray;gl KbAk;? nray;gl;lhy;jhNd
rpfuk; njhlKbAk; ? ehk; jP u ; k hdpf; F k; ,yf; F ngup
ajhf ,Uj;jy; mtrpak;.
“fhd Kanya;j mk;gpdpy; ahid

gpioj;j NtNye;jy; ,dpJ” vd ts;StUk;>
Ntl; i lf; F nry; Y ifapy; Kay; f is Fwpitf; f hNj!

gjpYf;F ahidia Fwpitj;J mJ jg;gpj;Jr;nrd;whYk;
cdf;F mJ ngUikNa! vd;fpwhu;.
vd;Dila mDgtj;jpy;> gzk;> Gfo;>
tsu;r;rp ,tw;wpy; VNjDk; xd;wpy; gw;wpy;yhjtu; xUtu;
$l ,j; n jhopypy; vijAk; rhjpj; j jpy; i y. gj; N jhL
gjpndhd; w hf> Mz; L f; F Fiwe; j gl; rk; nra; a Ntz; ba
ghyp]pfNshL mtu; fs; Kaw; r; r p Kbe; J tpLk; my; y J
X u p U t U l q ; f s p N y N a m t u ; , e; j nj h o p y p y p U e ; J
ntspNawptpLthu;.
,g; g bg; g l; l Njhy; t pahsu; j hd; > MAs; f hg; g P l ; L
tpahghuk; kpf fbdk; vd; W gug; g ptpLthu; f s; . ehd;
Kd; N g $wpaJ Nghy> ,j; njhopypd; kfj; Jtkwpe; j tu;
,ij mtJ}uhf NgRtijtpLj; J > KftuhfpapUg; g hu; .
,j;njhopiyg;gw;wp rupahf njupahjtu;> ,yf;F mw;wtu;>
Ntiyaw; w tu; j hd; ,j; njhopiyg; g w; w p jtwhf $Wtu; .
cz;ikapy; ,j;njhopy; xU Gdpjkhd njhopyhFk;.
,j ; nj ho p y py ; j h d; k pfc d; dj k h d n u dp ty;
fkp\Dk; ghyp]pnaLj;j KftUf;Nf fpilf;fpwJ. mjpf
gzk; rk;ghjpf;f ngupa ghyp]pfis vLf;f
Ntz;bajpy;iy. khwhf> mjpf mstpy; thbf;ifahsu;
,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. mjpf thbf;ifahsu;fNs ,j;njhopypy;
cq;fsJ epue;juj;jd;ikia cWjpg;gLj;Jtu;.
,j; n jhopypy; ,Ug; g JNghd; w tha; g ; G Ntnwq; f pYk;
,y;iy.
rhjpf;Fk; gy Kftu;fs; tUlk; NjhWk; epWtdk;
nrytopf;Fk; gy ntspehL Rw;Wg;gazk; nry;fpwhu;fs;.
6. jPtpu jd;dk;gpf;if kw;Wk; tplhKaw;rp:
ve; j xU nraiy nra; tjhdhYk; > jd; d k; g pf; i f

kw;Wk; tplh Kaw;rp Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy;> ,e;j njhopypy;>
rw; W $Ljy; msT Ntz; L k; . Vndd; w hy; > ehk; Kd; Ng
$wpaJ Nghy> ehk; tpw; g J jpl; lq; fis mJTk; gzk;
thq;Fk; njhopy;. ePz;l ehl;fSf;Fg;gpwNf
thbf;ifahsu; ,jd; gyd;fis milthu;.
vdNt ek;kPJk;> ekJ jpl;lq;fs; kPJk;
thbf; i fahsUf; F ek; g pf; i f Vw; g l; L > mtu; gzk;
nrYj; j jahuhFk; tiuapy; nghUikAld; ,Uf; f
Ntz;Lk;. NkYk;> me;j jahuhFk; Ntisapy;
thbf; i fahsUf; F Vw; g Lk; gy; N tW khw; w q; f isAk;
re;Njfq;fisAk; vjpu;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
,tw;iwnay;yhk; jhz;b ehk; ghyp]p vLf;f
Ntz;Lnkdpy; ekf;F mjPj jd;dk;gpf;ifAk;>
tplhKaw;rpAk; Ntz;Lky;yth?
vdJ Kftu; xU thbf;ifahsuplk; vd; i d
mioj; J r; n rd; w hu; . ehd; nry; t jw; F Kd; d Nk mtu;
thbf;ifahsiu gyKiw nrd;W ghu;j;jpUe;jhu;. ghyp]p
vLg;gjw;fhd #oy; ,Ue;Jk;> VNjNjh fhuzq;fSf;fhf
fhyk; fle;Jnfhz;L ,Ue;jJ.
ehDk; nrd; W mtiu re; j pj; J ciuahbNdd; .
thbf; i fahsuplk; ngupaNjhu; jpl; l k; toq; F kstpw; F
jFjpAk; > rpwe; j Njhu; ghyp]p vLg; g jw; f hd Mu; t Kk;
,Ue; j J. Mdhy; mtu; fhyk; flj; j pf; n fhz; b Ue; j hu; .
tha;g;ig ghu;j;j gpd;du; ahUf;Fj;jhd; tpl kdk; tUk;?
ehd; kpFe;j ek;gpf;ifNahL mtiu njhlu;e;Njd;.
Mdhy; XupU njhlu; j Yf; F g; g pwF vdJ KftUf; F
ek; g pf; i f jsu; e ; J tpl; l J. gpwF mtu; vd; D ld; ,e; j
thbf; i fahsiu re; j pf; f tutpy; i y. MdhYk; > ehd;
kdk; jsuhky; mtiu njhlu; e ; J re; j pj; J te; N jd; .
ehSf;F ehs; ehDk; thbf;ifahsUk; ez;gu;fshNdhk;.
,d;#ud;]; jtpu gpw tp\aq;fs; Ngrj;Jtq;fpNdhk;.
mtUi la mY ty Uk; xU fhg; gP l; L Kftu;
vdpDk; rupahf vdJ Kjy; re;jpg;gpypUe;J> 45 ehl;fspy;
mtu; kpfg;ngupa ghyp]p xd;iw vLj;jhu;. mjd; fhg;gPl;L
njhif vt;tsT njupAkh?
&g ha; 1 NfhbNa 25 y l;rq;fs;. ehd; g hy p]pi a
vLj;jjd; %yk; tpiykjpg;gw;w xUghlj;ij
fw;Wf;nfhz;Nld;. mJ tplhKaw;rp kw;Wk; jd;dk;gpf;if.
,e;j cjhuzj;ij ehd; Kd;Ng $wpAs;Nsd;.
rpy Neuq; f spy; 6 khjq; f s; fopj; J $l rpy
thbf; i fahsuplk; rhjfkhd gjpy; f s; fpilj; j Jz; L .
,t;thW fhyk; jho;j;jg;gl;lhy; cq;fSf;F rpwg;ghd xU
gyd; fhj;jpUf;fpwJ vd;W fUj;jpy; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
ehk; xt; n thU thbf; i fahsiu ngWk; N ghJ>
ePz;lehs; el;igAk;> gy Mz;Lfs; gad;gLk; rpwe;jNjhu;
rpghupRjhuiuAk; ngWfpNwhk; vd;gij kdjpy;
itj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,jw;fhf ehk; nghWikahfj;jhd;
,Ue;jhfNtz;Lk;.
7. thbf;ifahsiu Nerpf;Fk; gz;G:

thbf;ifahsu; ekJ thu;j;ijfis ek;gp mtuJ
FLk; g j; j pw; f hd nghUshjhu ghJfhg; i gAk; > mtuJ
vjpu; f hyj; j pd; NjitiaAk; ek; k plk; xg; g ilf; f pwhu; .
mg; g bg; g l; l xU ek; g pf; i ff; F ehk; xUNghJk; NfL
tpistpf;ff;$lhJ.
xUthbf; i fahsupd; ed; k jpg; G xU ghyp]pAld;
Kbe; J tplhJ. mtu; jpUg; j paile; J tpl; l hy; > mtuJ
ftdj;jpy; ahUUtu; Nrkpg;G kl; L k; fhg;gPL gw;wp
NgrpdhNyh> jpl; l kpUe; j hNyh mtuhfNt Kd;te; J
cq; fis rpghupR nra; thu;. ,ijtpl cq;fSf; F NtW
vd; d gyd; Ntz; L k; ? xUtu; ,Utuhdhy; ? mj; n jhlu;
gd;klq;fhf ngUFkd;Nwh?
ekJ thbf;ifahsu; ek;kplk; vjpu;ghu;g;gJ vy;yhk;
ntspg;gilahd Ngr;R kw;Wk; cz;ikahd
NritNa! ,tw;iw toq;Ftjd; %yk; ehk; kpf vspjpy;
Kjd;ik Kftuhf KbAk;.
vdJ Kftu; xUtu; xU thbf;ifahsuplk; A+ypg;
ghyp]papy; ngupa njhifia KjyP l hf ngw; w pUe; j hu; .
2008k; Mz; L gq; F r; r e; i j ntFthf Fiwe; J tpl; l J.
m j py ; mj pu; r; r pa i l e; j th bf; i fa hsu; > K f ti u
njhlu;Gnfhz;L gz;L khw;Wk; MNyhrid Nfl;f
Kad;whu;. me;j #oypypUe;J jg;gpg;gjw;fhf Kftu;
thbf;ifahsuplk;> jw;NghJ njhifia bgd;ru; gz;bw;F
(fld; gj; j puq; f s; ) khw; w Ntz; l hnkd; W k; > tpiutpy;
re;ij Kd;NdWk; vd;W $wptpl;lhu;.
rpy ehl; f s; fopj; J k; re; i j Kd; N dwhjjhy; >
thbf; i fahsu; Kftiu njhlu; G nfhs; s Kad; w hu; .
K ftNu h> mt uJ m i o g; gpw; F g j py spf;ftpy ; i y .
kdNtjidAld; thbf;ifahsu; vd;id
njhlu; G nfhz; l hu; . ehd; > gq; F r; r e; i j ty; Y eu; f is
MNyhrpj; J > thbf; i fahsUf; F ek; g pf; i faspf; F k;
jfty;fis mspj;Njd;. thbf;ifahsu; Kftu; Kjypy;
mspj; j MNyhridf; F tUe; j tpy; i y. Mdhy; > mtu;
miog;ig vLf;fhjjw;F kpFe;j Ntjidaile;jhu;.
ehk; vg; nghOjhtJ miog; i g vLf; fKbahj ep
iyapy;,Ue;jhnyhopa miog;gpw;F gjpyspf;f
Ntz; L ky; y th? mg; g bNa gjpyspf; f Kbahj #oypy;
,Ue; j hYk; > jtwpa miog; G fis jpUk; g miof; f
Ntz;Lk;.
ehk; Ntz;lhjtu;fs; kw;Wk; njhy;iy
jUgtu;fsJ miog;Gfis kl;Lk;jhd; vLf;f kWg;Nghk;.
thbf;ifahsiu mt;thW fUjyhkh? mg;gbahdhy; ,J
vt;tsT ngupa jtW? NkYk; ehk; xU njhopy;El;gj;ij
jtwhf gad;gLj;JtJ me;j fz;Lgpbg;igNa
mtkjpg;gJ Mfhjh?
ghyp]pf;fhd Nritfs; jtpu Njitg;gLk;
nghOJ NtW rpy cjtpfisAk; MNyhridfisAk;
toq; F tjd; %yk; ehk; thbf; i fahsiu ntFthf
ftuy hk ; . Fi w e;j y hg k ; > mj pf tpa hg huk ; v d; w
jj;Jtk;jhNd gy tpahghu rf;futu;jpfis
cWthf;fpAs;sJ. vdNt> cq;fs; gyidtpl
thbf;ifahsupd; gyDf;F mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
nfhLq; f s; . thbf; i fahsu; xU jq; f Kl; i lapLk;
thj;J.. epjhdkhfTk;> mf;fiuAlDk; ftdpj;J Nrit-
nra;Aq;fs;.
thbf;ifahsu; Nky; ekf;F Vd; mt;tsT
mf; f iw Ntz; L k; ? NkYk; gbAq; f s; GupAk; . xUehs;
vdJ miyNgrpapy; njupahj vz; z pypUe; J miog; G .
kWKidapy; xU ngz; kpfTk; gjl;lkhf Ngrpdhu;. rpy
tpdhbfspy; mtu; vd;Dila thbf;;ifahsupd; kidtp
vd; W Gupe; j J. mtiu epjhdpf; f r; nra; J gpd; vd; d
cjtp Ntz;Lk; vd;W Nfl;Nld;. mtu; vd;id miof;Fk;
NghJ ehd; jpUr; rpapy; ,Ue; Njd; . mtu; ngq; fS&tpy;
,Ue;jhu;.
vdJ thbf; i fahsiu rpy r%f tpNuhjpfs;
jtwhf vz; z p jhf; f pajy; mtu; capUf; F Mgj; j hd
epiyapy; kUj; Jtkidapy; mDkjpf; fg; g l;L ,Ue; j hu; .
mofhd FLk; g j; j iytUf; F ,g; g b xU epiy vd; g Nj
neQ;ir cUf;Fk; jfty;. mtu; 35 taJilatu;
mofhd ,uz;L Foe;ijfs; cz;L.
,e;j epiyapy; mtu; NfhkhtpypUe;J
jw;fhypfkhf tpLgl;l xU rpy tpdhbfspy;> mtUila
kidtpf; F vd; i d $g; g plr; n rhy; y ptpl; L kWgbAk;
kaq;fptpl;lhu;.
kpfTk; Mgj;jhd epiyapy; mtu; ,Ue; j hu; .
vdf; F vd; d nra; t njd; N w njupatpy; i y. clNd
Gwg; g l; L r; nry;yNtz; L k; Nghy; ,Ue; j J. Mdhy;
Kf; f pa mYty; fhuzkhf efu Kbatpy; i y. ehd;
mtUf;F nfhLj;jpUe;jJ Nrkpg;Gld; $ba MAs; fhg;gPL
ghyp]p. mjpy; kUj;Jtf;fhg;gPL ,y;iy.
vd; w hYk; ehd; mtuJ kidtpaplk; tP l ; b w; F
nrd; W midj; J ghyp]pfisAk; vLj; J me; j ghyp]p
vz; k w; W k; vd; d epWtdk; vd; w tpguj; i j $WkhW
$wpNdd;. mtUk; mt;thNu nra;jhu;. Mdhy; mjpy; xU
ghyp]p $l kUj; J tf; f hg; g P L ghyp]p ,y; i y. ehd;
k p f T k ; N tj i d a i l e ; N j d; . v d ; w hY k ; m t u; r py
ehl; fsp Ny Na c ly ; epi y Nj w p v d; Dld; mi y
Ngrpapy; NgrpagpwFjhd; epk;kjpahNdd;.
,d; W k; vdf; F kdciyr; ry; jP utpy; i y. md; W
ehd; mtuplk; xU kUj; Jtf; fhg; gPL nra; Jnfhs; SkhW
nrhy; y papUe; j hy; kpfTk; cjtpahf ,Ue; j pUf; F k;
my;yth? ,e;j epfo;tpy; ePq;fs; xd;W Gupe;J
nfhs; S q; f s; . eP q ; f s; cq; f sJ thbf; i fahsUf; F
kpfTk; Kf; f pakhd egu; . mtu; cq; f is ek; g pj; j hd;
cs;shu;.
8. vg;NghJk; Nritnra;a jahuhf ,Uq;fs;:
ekJ njhopYf;nfd jdp Neuk; ,Uf;fpwjh? ehk;
NtWrpy njhopiyg;Nghy ekf;nfd xU Neuj;ij xJf;fp
Ntiynra;a ,aYkh?
ehk; xU mYtyfj; ij jpwe; J mjpy; midj; J
trjpfisAk; nra;J fhj;jpUe;jhy;> ,j;njhopiy
rpwg; g hf nra; a ,aYkh? ve; j Neuk; ek; n jhopYf; F
cfe; j Neuk; ? fhiyah? kjpakh? khiyah? Ntiy
ehl;fsh? tpLKiw ehl;fsh? gjpy; $w KbAkh?
ekJ jpl; l q; f Sk; > ghyp]pfSk; midtUf; F k;
,d; w paikahjJjhd; . Mdhy; > vj; j id egUf; F ,e; j
cz;ik njupAk;? xU egu; KftiuNah fhg;gPL
mYtyfj;ijNah Njbr;nrd;W ghyp]p vLj;j cjhuzk;
kpf kpf mupJ. mt; t hNu vLj; j pUe; j hYk; > mJ fhg; gPL
jtpu NtW xU fhuzkhf ,Uf;Fk;.
cjhuzj; j pw; F ehd; xUKiw MAs; f hg; g P l ; L
fofj;jpy; vdJ ez;gu; xUtuplk; Ngrpf;nfhz;bUe;Njd;.
mg;nghOJ xU egu; mtuplk; mZfp> jdf;F xU
g hy p]p mtruk hf Ntz ;L k; v d;W Nfl; lhu; . ehd;
xUepkplk; ciwe;Jtpl;Nld;. MAs; fhg;gPl;bd; mtrpak;
,g; ng hOJ k f; fSf; F Gupe; Jtpl; lJ> ,dpna y hk;
fhg; g P l ; L njhopYf; F tre; j fhyNk vd epidj; N jd; .
Mu;tkpFjpahy;> me;j eguplk;> ve;j
fhuzj;jpw;fhf ePq;fs; ghyp]p vLf;f tpUk;GfpwPu;fs; vd
Nfl; Nld; . mjw; F mtu; mspj; j gjpy; vdJ xU epkpl
Mde;jj;jpw;F tpLg;G kzp mbj;jJ. mtu; $wpa fhuzk;
vd; d ntdpy; > mtUf; F Xl; L du; cupkk; kw; W k; thfd
gjpTnra; a Kftup rhd; W ,y; i y vd; W k; > mjw; f hf
Fiwe;e gpupkpaj;jpy; xU ghyp]p vLf;f tpUk;GtjhfTk;
$wpdhu;.
,J ele; j J 2006k; Mz; L khu; r; khjk; . md; Nw
ehd; Gupe;Jnfhz;Nld;> me;j ghyp]p epr;rak;
fl;ltpLgl;l ghyp]pahFk; vd;W. ,t;thW vg;NghNjh ep-
fOk; mjpra epfo; T fis vjpu; g hu; j ; J ehk; njhopy;
nra;a KbahJ.
vdNt> ehk; thbf;ifahsUf;F trjpahd
Neuj; j py; > mtu; tpUk; G k; ,lj; j py; j hd; NritNah>
j p l ; l t p s f; f N k h n fh L f ; f , a Y k ; . m t ; t h n w d p y ;
ekf; n fd Neuk; vd; W jdpahf cs; s jh? kpfg; n gupa
rhjid kdpju; f is ftdpj; J g; g hUq; f s; . mtu; f sJ
clYk; cs;sKk; vg;NghJk; cioj;Jf;
nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;.
xUrpy thbf;ifa hsiu xUrpy Neuq;fspy;
g h u; f; f N tz ; L k ; . mN j rk a k ; x U r p y N e u q ; f spy ;
ghu;g;gij jtpu;f;f Ntz;Lk;.
cjhuzkhf> mYtyfq; f s; nry; g tiu> Ntiy
ehl; fspy; fhiy 7.30 kzpf; F Kd; djhfNth> khiy 7
kzpf; F gpwNfh> tpLKiw ehl; fspy; fhiy 9 kzpf;F
gpwF> kjpa czT Neuj; j pw; F Kd; d Kk; khiy 6
kzpf;F gpwFk; ghu;g;gJ rupahd Neuk;.
kUj;Jtiu fz;bg;ghf mtuJ ghu;itNeuq;fspy;
ghu;f;ff;$lhJ. ,uT mtuJ Ntiyfis Kbj;jgpwFk;>
fhiyapy; mtuJ Ntiyfis Jtq;Ftjw; F Kd;dUk;
re;jpf;fyhk;.
tpahghupfisAk; > njhopyjpgu; f isAk; fhiy
9kzpf; F g; g pwF kjpak; 2 kzpf; F Kd; g hf Ntiy
ehl; f spy; re; j pg; g ij fl; l hak; jtpu; f ; f Tk; . Vnddpy; >
me; j rkaq; f spy; mYty; kw; W k; tq; f p Ntiyfs;
mjpfkhf ,Uf; F k; . ,r; r kak; eP q ; f s; mtu; f Sf; F
xU ,i lA +uhfj ; j h d; ,Ug; gP u; fs; . Nk Y k ; ePq ;fs;
$Wtij mtu;fshy; ftdpf;fTk; KbahJ.
n g U k ; g hY k ; n tw ; w pa h d f h g; gP l; L t p a h g h u
re; j pg; G fs; thbf; i fahsupd; tP l ; b Yk; mtuJ Xa; T
Neuq; f spYk; j hd; epfOk; . mjpfhiy 7 kzpKjy; 8.30
kzptiu ehq;fs; tP l;by; re;jpj;j egu;fspy; 3y; xUtu;
xU k hj j ; j pw ; F s; v q ; fSf; F t h bf; i f a h su h ti j
mwpe;Njhk;.
,t; t hwhf> gyNtWgl; l thbf; i fahsu; f is
mtutu; tpUk; Gk; my;y J mtutUf; F rhjfkhf mik
Ak; Neuq;fspy; re;jpf;f Ntz;b,Ug;gjhy;> ehk; fhiy 6
kzp Kjy; ,uT 12 kzptiu vg; N ghJk; Ntiynra; a
jahuhf ,Uf; f Ntz; L k; . ekf; n fd; W jdpNeunky; y hk;
fpilahJ.
jpUr;rpapy; xU thbf;ifahsiu re;jpf;f mDkjp
ngw; w pUe;Njhk; . mtu; ,uT 10.30 kzpf; F tUkhW
nrhd; d hu; . ,uT 10.30 kzpf; F mtuJ ,y; y j; j py;
ehq; f s; ,Ue;Njhk; . ehq; f s; mtiu re; j pj; J Ngr
Jtq;Fk; nghOJ> ,uT 11.30. vq;fSf;Fs; ciuahly;
tpUk;gj;jf;f tifapy; epfo;e;jJ. mtu; Nfl;l
Nfs; t pfSf; F k; > vOg; g pa re; N jfq; f Sf; F k; ehq; f s;
gjpyspj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;Njhk;.
mtu; jpUg; j p mile; J vq; f Sf; F 25>000
Ugha; fhNrhiy gpupkpakhf toq; fpdhu; . mtuplk;
ehq; f s; fhNrhiy thq; F k; nghOJ kzp ,uT
12. 00. ,j py; ehq; fs; Mde;jki le;j tprak;
vd; d ntd; w hy; > ehd; jpUr;rpapy; xU jdpahu;
fhg; g P l ; L epWtdj; j pd; Gjpa fpisia Jtq; F k;
nghUg;Gld; Ntiyghu;j;j nghOJ me;j
epWtdj; j pd; jpUr; r p fpisapd; Kjy; gpupkpak;
mJjhd;.
gzpGupAk; xt; nthU mYtyUf; Fk; Ntiy
Neuk; fhiy 9 kzpapypUe; J khiy 6 kzptiu
kl; L Nk! Mdhy; tpw; g idapy; ,Ug; g tu; f Sf; F
tha;g;G vg;NghJ tUfpwNjh! mg;Nghnjy;yhk; mtu;
jahuhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjpu;\;lk; vd;gJ
re; j u; g Kk; tpopg; G zu; r ; r pAk; re; j pf; F k; ,lkd; w p
Ntnwhd;Wk; ,y;iy!!
ehk; Nkw; f z; l midj; J gz; G fSk; ,e; j
njhopiy rpwg;ghf nra;a ,d;wpaikahjJ MFk;.
,jpy; VjhtJ xd; W Fiwe;jhYk; mJ ekJ
ntw;wpia ntFthf ghjpf;Fk;.
ehk; xU tp\aj;ij ed;F fUj;jpy; nfhs;s
ntz;Lk;. “Small things make Perfection.. But Perfec-
tion is not a small thing”. “rpwe;jJ vd;gJ> rpwpa
rpwpa nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; nray;fspd; Nru;f;ifNa!
Mdhy; rpwe;jJ vd;gJ rpwpa tp\aky;y”.
,e;j njhopYf;F ,j; j id tp\aq;fs;
mbg; g ilj; Njit vd; w hy; > ,J kpfTk; fbdkhd
njhopyhf ,Uf; F Nkh? vd; W gag; g lNtz; l hk; .
rpd; d tp\aq; f spYk; ehk; ftdkhf ,Ue; ; j hy; >
ekJ njhopy; xU nghd;nfhopf;Fk; njhopyhFk;.
,aw;iff;F vg;NghJNk jhkjpg;gJ
gpbf;fhJ. ehk; midtUf;Fk; tha;g;Gfis
mt; tg;NghJ ,aw;i f toq;fpf; nfhz;L jhd;
,Uf;Fk;. ehk; me;j rkaj;;jpy; cldbahf nray;
g l; l hy ; j h d; ek f; F fpi lf; Fk ; . ,y ; i y Na y ;
gpwUf;F nrd;WtpLk;.
Mq;fpyj;jpy; ,ij Approaching vd;W
$Wthu; f s; . ,J Kjw; f l; l tpahghu nray; . ,jw; F
Kd; d u; ehk; fz; l nray; K iwfs; vy; y hk; tpahghuk;
Jtq;Ftjw;F Kd;du; ehk; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba Maj;j
gzpfs;. ,g;nghOJ ehk; tpahghuk; nra;Ak; nraYf;Fs;
mjhtJ fsj;jpy; ,Uf;fpNwhk;. ,dpNky; ehk;
ghu;f;fg;NghFk; xt;nthU fUj;Jf;fSk;
jtWNeuhky; nra; a Ntz; ba tpw;gid Kiwfs;.
gy;NtW re;ju;gq;fspy; ,Ue;J fw;Wf;nfhz;l ghlq;fs;.
,tw; w pd; Njit kw; W k; tpisTfs; egiug; n ghUj; J
khWgLk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F ehk; ekJ neUq;fpa
ez;guplNkh my;yJ cwtpduplNkh kpFe;j
ftdj; JlDk; > tpahghu cf; j pAlDk; > %d; whk; eguplk;
ele;Jnfhs;Sk; KiwAlDk; mZfNtz;baJ
mtrpakpy;iy. rpy Neuq;fspy; ekf;F kpfTk;
gupr;rakhdtu;fsplk; ehk; ,ay;Gf;F khwp nray;gLtJ
vjpu;kiw tpisTfis$l Vw;gLj;Jk;.
vdNt> ,lk;> nghUs; ghu;j;J ,dpNky; $wg;gLk;
cf;jpfis ifahSq;fs;. MdhYk; ,jpy; $wg;gl;Ls;s
Kiwfs; kpfTk; ntw; w pfukhd Kiwfs; . ,tw; i w
gpd; g w; W tjd; %yk; ehk; Njhy; t pfisAk; > vjpu; k iw
tpisTfisAk; jtpu;f;fyhk;.
mZFjy; vd;gJ thbf;ifahsuplk; ehk; Kjypy;
njhlu; G nfhs; S k; gFjp. ,jpy; ehk; nra; A k; rpwpa
gpioAk; tpw;gidf;fhd njhlu;ig nfLj;JtpLk; my;yJ
Jz;bj;JtpLk;. ehk; mZFk; rkaj;jpy;
thbf; i fahsUf;F ek; k PJ ed; k jpg; i g Vw; g Lj; J k;
tpjkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. Kjypy; ehk; Vd;
mZfNtz;Lk;? mZFjypd; Fwpf;Nfhs; vd;d vd;gij
mwpe;J gpd; mZFjiy ghu;g;Nghk;.
mZFjy; vd; g J tpw;gidapd; Kjw;fl; l k;.
ek;ikg;gw;wp thbf;ifahsuplk; mwpKfk; nra;J> my;yJ
ek; i kg; g w; w p thbf; i fahsplk; epidT$u; e ; J > mtiu
re; j pj ; J Ng Rtj w ; F mDk j pAk ; NeuK k ; ngW tJ
mZFjy; MFk;.
mZFjy; %yk; ehk; thbf;ifahsupd;
mDkjpAld;> mtu; tpUk;Gk; ,lj;jpy;> tpUk;Gk; Neuj;jpy;
re; j pf; f tha; g ; G fpilf; F k; . mt; t hW mDkjpapd; w p
nry ;Yk; Ng hJ> thbf;i fa hsupd; k depi y kw;Wk;
Ntiyg; g Sgw; w p njupahky; ehk; Ngr Jtq; F Nthk; .
m g; g b N g Rk ; Ng hJ > t h bf; i f a hs u; K O k d J l d; >
KOftdj; J ld; ciuahlypy; gq; F ngw tha; g ; G kpf
FiwT. NkYk; ekJ Neuk; > thbf; i fahsupd; Neuk;
tPzbf;fg;gLk;. ,jdhy; ek;ikg;gw;wpa ey;y mgpg;gpuhak;
thbf;ifahsUf;F Vw;glhJ.
mZFjypd; %yk; ehk; Neuj; i j kpr; r g; g Lj; j
KbAk; . vt; t hnwd; w hy; > ehk; ekf; F njupe; j egiu
mZfp> mDkjpngw; w gpd; re; j pf; f nry; Y k;N ghJ mtu;
ekf;fhf xJf;fpaNeuj;jpy; ek;kplk; ciuahLtJ
cWjpnra;ag;gLfpwJ. mt;thW Fwpg;gpl;l Neuj;jpy; ekJ
thbf;ifahsu; Xa;thf ,y;yhky>; re;jpg;G jtpu;f;fg;gLk;
rkaj;j py; ek; kP J thbf;i fasUf; F xU nky;y pa el; G
my; y J md; G (Soft Corner) Vw; g Lk; . ,JTk; ekf; F
rhjfkhd epfo;Nt!
mdhy; mDkj papd; wp ehk; thbf;ifahsiu
re; j pf;f nrd; W mtu; ek; i k re; j pf;Fk; epiyapy;
,y; y hj rkak; > ehk; mq; F nry; y vLj; J f; n fhs; S k
Neuk; kw;Wk; Nghf;Ftuj;J nryT Mfpait
tP z hFky; y th? mZFjypd; %yk; mDkjpngwhky;
,j; n jhopiy Jtq; f pa gyu; XupUehl; f s; miye; J
ntWj; J njhopiytpl; N l nrd; w pUf; f pd; w du; . ,jw; F
fhuzk; > njhopypd; fLikay; y . ehk; nray; g Lk; K
iwapd; jtNw MFk;. NkYk; ehk; xUtupd; mDkjpapd;wp
njhe;juTnra;ifapy; ntWg;igj;jhd; rk;ghjpg;Nghk;.
mZFjy; vd;g J Kjy; epfo;T . Kjypy; ePq;fs;
cq; f isg; g w; w p thbf; i fahsuplk; Vw; g Lj; J k; gjpg; G
kpfTk; rupahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lky;yth?
First Impression should always be the Best Impression.
ehk; Nghd; nra;J fhg;gPl;bw;fhf tUfpNwd; vd;W
$wpdhNy neUq;fpa ez;gu; $l mDkjpju
kWf;fpwhu;fs;. vdNt mtu;fis ghu;f;f Ntz;Lnkd;why;>
Neubahf nrd;W fhj;jpUe;jhtJ ghu;j;Jtpl;L tUtJjhd;
xNutop vd;W xUrpyu; $Wtu;.
xUtopapy; mtu; fs; $Wtjpy; mDgtg; G+u;tkhd
e p a h a k ; c s; s J j hd ; . v d; w h Y k ; t p i y m j p f k h d
gupl; i rahfj; j hd; mDkjpaw; w re; j pg; G epfOk; . ehk;
mZFtjpd; Fwpf; N fhis njupe; J nfhz; L > mZFk;
Kiwia gpd;gw;wpdhy;> epr;rak; ntw;wptUk;.
ehk; mZFk; midtUNk ekf;F mDkjpaspj;J

“ehk;
md;Nw re;jpf;f tha;g;G jUthu;fs; vd;W ek;ghjPu;”
mZFtJ vd; g J njhiyNgrp my; y J ifNgrp

thapyhf> thbf; i fahsiu njhlu; G nfhz; L > mtuplk;
re;jpg;gpw;fhd mDkjpAk;> NeuKk;> re;jpf;Fk; ,lj;ijAk;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;jy;.
Vd; ehk; njhiyNgrp my; y J ifNgrp %yk;
njhlu;Gnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;? Neubahf nrd;W
mDkjpngwf;$lhjh? Neubahf nry;tnjdpy;>
Ngha; t Utjpy; Neuk; nrythFk; . Neubahf nry; Y k;
NghJ> thbf; i fahsu; mq;F ,y; i ynadpy; > ekJ
Kaw;rp tPzhFk;. tpistpy;> ekf;F tpuf;jpjhd; kpQ;Rk;.
vdNt ,j; n jhopiy rpwg; g hf nra; a Ntz; L k;
vd;why;> mZFjy; %yk; mDkjp ngw;W
thbf;ifahsiu re;jpAq;fs;. mt;thW mDkjpAld; ehk;
nry;Yifapy; ,U Kf;fpa rhjfkhd fhuzpfs; Vw;gLk;.
xd;W> thbf;ifahsu; ekJ tUifahy;
njhe;juTnra;ag;glkhl;lhu;.
,uz; l htJ> ek; K ld; ciuahLk; kdepiyia
thbf;ifahsUf;F ehk; Vw;gLj;jptpl;L nry;tjhy;> ekJ
ciuahly; capNuhl;lkhf> thbf;ifahsupd;
gq;FngWjYld; epfOk;. ,JNt tpw;gidapd; rhjfkhd
njhlf;fk; MFk;.
mZFjypd;NghJ> ehk; kpfTk; fdpTlDk;> kupah
ijAlDk; NgrNtz;Lk;. ngUk;ghYk; njhiyNgrp
my; y J miyNgrpapypUe; J njhlu; G nfhs; tjhy; ekJ
Fuy; njspthfTk; Vw;wj;jho;TfSlDk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
mZFk;NghJ ehk; cWjpnra;a Ntz;bait:
1. eP q ; fs; nj hi y Ng rp apy p Ue; J t hb f; i f a hsi u

mioj; j hy; > eP q ; f s; ,Uf; F kplj; j py; rg; j k; kw; W k;
xyp khrpy; y hj ,lkhf ,Uf; f Ntz; L k; . Vnddpy;
eP q ; fs; mikjpahd ,lj; j pypUe; J NgRk; NghJjhd;
ciuahly; njspthfTk; > njhe; j uT ,y; y hkYk;
,Uf; F k; . mg; N ghJjhd; cq; f sJ Fwpf; N fhSk;
,ila+upd;wp epiwNtWk;.
2. eP q ; f s; cq; f sJ ifNgrpapypUe; J mioj; j hy; >
rpf;dy; njspthf cs;s ,lj;jpypUe;J miof;fTk;.
v e; j xU fhuz j ; j pw ; fhfT k ; cq ; fsJ mi o g; G
njhe;jutpy;yhky; ,Uf;fTk;.
3. e P q ; f s ; m i o f ; F k ; N e u j ; j p y ; > v j p u ; K i d a p y ;
thbf; i fahsu; NtiyahfNth> NgRk; kdepiyapy;
,y;yhkNyh ,Ue;jhy;> nkd;ikahf gpwF NgRtjhf
$wptplTk;. me;jNeuj;jpy; vijAk; tpsf;f Ntz;lhk;.
4. ru pa h d r e; j u; g k ; , Uf; Fk ; g l; rj ; j py ; > eP q ; fs;
N g r j ; J t q ; F k ; N g h N j F w p g ; g p l ; l e g u p l k ; j h d;
NgRfpwPu;fs; vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jptpl;L
Ngrj; J tq; F q; f s; . thbf; i fahsuplk; cq; f is
mwpKfk; nra; Jnfhs; Sq; fs; . eyk; tprhup Aq; fs; .
gpd; d u; mtuplk; Neupy; re; j pj; J ciuahl mDkjp
NfSq;fs;. mDkjp Nfl;Fk; Neuk;> ePq;fs; RUf;fkhf>
vijg; g w; w p NgrNtz; L k; vd; g ijAk; $WtJ eyk; .
cj h uz j ; j pw ; F . “t z f; fk ; r hu; ! e h d; K U f d;
NgRfpNwd; ! Fkhu; rhu; ,Uf; f huh?.. (kWKidapy;
Fkhu; ,Ue;jhy;> ehd;jhd; NgRfpNwd;
vd;Wk;> ,y;iynad;why; vg;nghOJ
n j h lu; G nf h s; s y h nk d; w j f tY k ; c q ;f S f; F
fpilf;Fk;) (Fkhu; ,Ue;jhy;…) rhu; ehd; xU rpwe;j
Nrkpg;G kw;Wk; KjyPL gw;wp cq;fis Neupy; re;jpj;J;
NgrNtz;Lk;. ehd; ,d;W fhiy cq;fis
re; j pf; f yhkh? (rup vd; w hy; > ve; j ,lk; ve; j Neuk;
vd;gij cWjpnra;aTk;)
(fhiy KbahJ vd;why; khiy vd;Wk;> ,d;W KbahJ
vd; w hy; > ehis vd; W cq; f sJ re; j pg; g pd; Neuk; kpf
m U f p y ; , U f ; F k h W e P q ; f N s N f S q ; fs ; . e P q ; fs;
nghJthf re;jpf;Fk; vjpu;kiw gjpy; vd;d?
“vdf; F ,tw; w py; Mu; t kpy; i y” my; y J “Vw; n fdNt
epiwa nra; j hfptpl; l J” my; y J “rhup nuz; L khrk;
fopr;R NgRq;f”.
kPz;Lk; xd;iw epidtpy; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
eP q ; f s; miof; F k; midtUk; cq; f Sf; F re; j pf; f
mDkjp nfhLj;J> ePq;fs; re;jpf;Fk; midtUk; ghyp]p
vLj;j hy; > Kftu; midtUNk NfhB]; tuu; fshf ngUk;
trjpgilj;jtu;fshf ,Ug;ghu;fs;.
,t; t hW vjpu; k iw gjpy; tUk; rkak; eP q ; f s;
kpfTk; jd;dk;gpf;ifNahL mNj rkak; mtiu
njhe;juTnra;ahkYk; Ngr Ntz;Lk;. ePq;fs; “rhu;> ehd;
cq; f splk; ghyp]p Nfl; L njhe; j uT nra; a khl; N ld; .
vq; fsplk; cs; s jpl; lq; fisAk; mjdhy; cq; fSf; F
fpilf;Fk; gyd;fisAk; gw;wp tptupf;fpNwd;.
cq; f Sf;F tpUg; g kpUe;jhy; ePq;fs; KjyP L
nra; a y hk ; . my ; y J v g; ng h O J tp Uk ; G fpw P u; f N sh
mg; N ghJ eP q ; f s; miof; F k; rkak; ehd; cq; f Sf; F
Nrit nra; a fhj; j pUf; f pNwd; ” vd; g J Nghy Ngr
Ntz ; L k ; . ehd; Nk Ny nfhL j ; Js; s thf; fpa j ;i j
kdg;ghlk; nra;J xg;gpf;f Ntz;lhk;. Vw;nfdNt $wpaJ
Nghy> cq;fspd; ,ay;G khwhky; Ng r;Rk; ,Uf;f
Ntz;Lk;. Fwpg;ghf cq;fsJ Ngr;rpy; nraw;ifj; jdk;
,Uf;ff;$lhJ mDkjpNfl;L tw;GWj;j Ntz;lhk;.
njhiyNgrpapy; NgRtJ xU jdpf;fiy.
Vndd; w hy; > Ngrpf; n fhs; S k; ,UtUk; xUtiu xUtu;
ghu; f ; f KbahJ. vdNt cq; f sJ Ngr; r py; cq; f sJ
czu; r; rpfis njuptpf; fNtz; L k; . njhiyNgrp Ngr; r py;
cq;fs; czu;r;rpfis nfhz;L nry;Yk; fUtp cq;fs;
FuYk; mjpy; cs; s Vw; w j; j ho;Tk; jhd;. “vdf; F
jz;zPu; Ntz;Lk;” vd;gij vj;jid tpjkhf $wyhk;!?
Ngr;rpy; jpwDilatu;fs;jhd; nray;jpwd; kpFe;j
egu;fistpl mjpf cauk; nrd;wpUf;fpwhu;fs;.
cjhuzj;jpw;F gy jiytu;fs; mtu;fs;
Ngr;Rj;jpwdpdhy;jhd; kf;fis ftu;e;J ,Oj;jhu;fs;.
kpf Kf; f pakhf eP q ; f s; mZFk; rkaj; j py; cq; f sJ
jpl; l q; f isg; g w; w p tpsf; f hjP u ; f s; . cq; f s; miog; g pd;
Nehf;fk; re;jpf;f mDkjp thq;FtNj! tpw;gJ my;y!
mZFk; rkak; > eP q ; f s; trjpahf Xuplj; j py;

mku;e;J cq;fsJ ilupia jpwe;J itj;J> Ngdh Kjyp
adtw;iw jahuhf itj;jgpd; miof;fTk;. mioj;jgpd;
jfty;fis vOj NgdhitNah> ilupiaNah NjlhjPu;fs;
mJ kWKidahsiu ntWg; g ila nra; A k; . mDkjp
ngWk; NghJ> re; j pf; Fk; Njjp> Neuk; > ,lk; Mfpatw; iw
Fwpj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;. rkaj;jpy; thbf;ifahsu;> xUthuk;
fopj;J re;jpf;f $wpdhy;> xUehs; Kd;G re;jpf;Fk; Neuk;
kw;Wk; ,lj;ij kPz;Lk; cWjpg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.
ftdpf;f:
ekf; F tho; f ; i fapd; Kf; f pa vjpup ek; K ila
jaf; f k; j hd; . cq; f Sf; F njupe; j kw; W k; cq; f Sf; F
njupe;jtupd; %yk; njupag;Nghfpw vtiuAk; mZfhky;
tplhjP u;fs;. fhg; gPL xUtUf; F nfhLg;g jhy;> mtUf;Fk;
mtUila FLk;gj;jpdUf;Fk; ePq;fs; ed;ikNa
nra;fpwPu;fs; vd;gij xUNghJk; kwthjPu;.
jaf; f Nk ekJ kpfg; n gupa gytPdk; . eP q ; f s;
Nfl;ftpy;iynadpy; ,e;j cyfj;jpy; NtWahNuh
mtuplk; Nfl;fg;Nghfpwhu;fs;. cq;fs; Kd;dhy; njupAk;
ve;j xU tha;g;igAk; eOttpl;L tUe;jhjPu;.
vd; cwtpdu; xUtUf;F ey;y Ntiy fpilj;jJ.
mtu; vd;idtpl ,isatu;> ey;y ez;gu;. mtuplk; ehd;
fhg;gPl;L jpl;lk; gw;w p Ng rtpy;iy . V Ndh v df;F
Njhd;w tpy;iy. rpykhjq; fs; fopj; Jjhd; ehd; fhg; gPl;L
epWtdj; j py; Ntiynra; t Nj mtUf; F njupate; j J.
md; W ehd; mtu; tP l; bypUe; Njd; . mg; NghJ mtu; ehd;
Ntiyghu;f;Fk; epWtdj;jpNy kw;nwhU Kftu; %yk; xU
fzprkhd gpupkpaj; j py; ghyp]p vLj; j pUe; j ij fz; L
jtiw czu;e;Njd;.
mZFjypy; ty; Y duhf eP q ; fs; jpde; NjhWk; 15
e g u ; f s p lk h t J Ng rN t z ; L k ; . m g; N g h J m D g tk ;
nrhy;ypf;nfhLg;gJ ,q;F ghu;j;jijtpl gy
klq;F ,Uf;Fk;.
ehk; ,g;nghOJ rupahf mZfp> re;jpj;J
NgRtjw; F mDkjp thq; f ptpl; N lhk; . Neubahf nrd; W
ehk; re; j pg; N ghkh? eP q ; f s; xU Kf; f pakhd Nju; T f; F
nry; f pwP u ; f s; . Neubahf nrd; W tpLtP u ; f sh? my; y J
Nju;Tf;F jahuhfpagpd; nry;tPu;fsh?
Mk; ! thbf; i fahsiu re; j pg; g Jk; xU gupl; i r
khjpupjhd; . ,Jehs; tiu eP q ; f s; gbj; j ij> mwpe; j ij
ntspg; g Lj; j p kjpg; n gz; thq; F k; Kf; f pa fl; l k; j hd;
re;jpg;G. mjw;F cq;fis jahu;nra;a Ntz;lhkh?
vg;gb xU mWitrpfpr;ir epGzu;> jdJ
mWitrpfpr;i ria Jtq; FKd; vy;y h tp\aq;fisAk;
jahu; n ra; J nfhs; f pwhu; ? vg; g b xU tpkhdk; gwf; f
M a j ; j k hFk ; ng h O J t pk h dp Ak ; > tpk h d epi y a
mjpfhupfSk; jahu; nra; J nfhs; f pwhu; f s; ? vg; g b
xU ,dlu;tpA+Tf;F Kd; xUegu; jahuhfpwhu;? mg;gbNa
ekf;Fk; xt;nthU re;jpg;gpd; Kd;dUk; jahuhjy;
mtrpak;.
jahuhjypy; gy gbfs; cs;sd. mtw;iw
xt;nthd;whf ehk; ghu;g;Nghk;.
1. jfty; Nrfupg; G : thbf; i fahsuhfg; N ghFk; egupd;
midj; J Njitahd jfty; f isAk; Kd; d jhfNt
mwpe;jpUj;jy; mtrpak;. ek;khy; ve;j mstpw;F jfty;
Nrfupf;f ,aYNkh mt;tsT jftiy Nrfupf;f
Ntz;Lk;. mg;gb Nrfupj;jhy;> mtuplk; vd;d NgrNtzLk;
vd; g ij eP q ; f s; Nfhu; i tahf jahupj; J xU kdXl; l
xj;j pif$l ghu; j; Jf; nfhs; syhk; . xj; j pif vd; g J kpf
mw; G jkhd jd; d k; g pf; i f jUk; gapw; r p. mtuJ taJ>
FLk;g mq;fj;jpdu; tptuk;> njhopy;> tUkhdk;>
gpbj; j itfs; > gpbf; f hjitfs; ,JNghy; vJthdhYk;
cgNahfkhd jfty; f Ns. eP q ; f s; Nrfupf; F k; jfty;
jtW Vw; g lhky; ,Uf;fTk; cjTk; . ve; j xU jftYk;
cq;fSf;F kpfTk; cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk;.
2. rupahd jpl;lq;fisAk; mjw;fhd Mjhu
gbtq; f isAk; vLj; J f; n fhs; S jy; : re; j pg; g pw; F Kd;
ekf; F mtiug; g w; w pa jfty; f s; fpilj; j pUg; g jhy;
mtUf;Nfw;w jpl;lq;fis Nju;e;njLj;J mtw;iw kPz;Lk;
xUK i w g bf; fy hk ; . gp d; du; eP q ; fs; $ w g; Ng h Fk;
jftYf; f hd kw; W k; jpl; l q; f Sf; f hd Mjhuq; f isAk;
vLj; J cq; f s; igapy; jahuhf itj; J f; nfhs; s yhk; .
,t; thW nra; tjhy; ; fpilf; f g; NghFk; Neuj; i j eP q ; fs;
rupahf gad;gLj;j KbAk;. ekf;F fpilg;gNjh Fiwe;j
Neuk;jhd;. mjw;Fs; ehk; vt;tsT rpwg;ghf
nray;gLfpNwhk; vd;gij itj;Jjhd; rpwg;ghd
KbTfis vjpu; g hu; f ; f KbAk; . cq; f Sf; F rupahd
jpl;lq;fis Nju;T nra;tjpy; Fog;gkpUe;jhy; Nkyjpfhup-
fis Nfl;L njupe;Jnfhs;syhk;. mt; thW jpl;lq;fis
jahupf; F k; nghOJ thbf; i fahsiu jpUg; j pg; g Lj; J k;
tpjkhd jpl;lj;ij tbtikAq;fs;. gy rhjid
Kftu;fs; Nfhk; Ngh vdg; gLk; rpy jpl;lq;fis itj; J
cUthf;fpa $l;Lj;jpl;lq;fis rpwg;ghf
thbf;ifahsUf;nfd;Nw cUthf;fpaJ Nghy;
tbtikg;ghu;fs;. cjhuzj;jpw;F> xU FLk;gj;jpw;F A+ypg;
my; y J ghuk; g upa ghyp]p %yk; Nrkpg;Gld; $ba
fhg;gPl;Lj;jpl;lKk;> nkbf;isk; vDk; kUj;Jtf; fhg;gPL
ghyp]pAk; Nru;e;J nfhLf;fyhk;.
3. Ms;ghjp Milghjp: ePq;fs; thbf;ifahsiu
re; j p f; Fk ; K j y ; tp dh b> ey ; y k j pg; i g ng W t J
Kf;fpaky;yth? cq;fSf;F vt;tsT jpwik> mDgtk;
,Ue; j hYk; > cq; fSila Njhw; w k; tpw; g idapy; Kjy;
10 kjpg;ngz;fis ngw;Wj; jUk;. ePq;fs; mzpAk; cil
cq; f Sf; N fw; w jhfTk; > ghu; g ; g tiu cWj; j hjjhfTk;
,Uj; j y; mtrpak; . Miliag; NghyNt eP q ; fs; ifapy;
itj; j pUf; F k; nghUs; f Sk; cq; f is gpujpgypf; F k; .
ifapy; ey; y juk; tha; e ; j tpw; g idf; F wpa igia
itj; j pUq; f s; . jukhd Ngdh> jukhd vOJk; Nehl; L >
fiyahj jiyKb Mfpad mtrpak;. NkYk;
ve;jtifapy; vy;yhk; ePq;fs; ed;kjpg;ig ngw
epidf; f pwPu; f Nsh> mtw; i wnay;yhk; ftdpAq;fs;.
Fwpg;ghf thbf;ifahsiu ntWg;gilar;nra;Ak; ve;jxU
nghUisAk; nfhz;Lnry;yhjPu;fs;.
4. xj;j cjhuzq;fis epidT $Wq;fs;:
rupahd cjhuzq; f s; vg; n ghOJk; tpw; g idf; F
cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk;. Mdhy;> ehk; $Wk; cjhuzq;fspy;
cz; i k ,Ug;gJ mtrpak;. ehk; re;jpf; f g;NghFk;
egiug; N ghyNt NtNwNjDk; thbf; i fahsu; ekf; F
cs; s huh?> mtUila gFjpapy; > cwtpdupy; > mNj
njhopy; nra;gtu; ,g;gb cq;fsplk; Vw;nfdNt
thbf;ifahsuhf (jpUg;jpahd) egu;fis
cjhuzkhfNth> Nkw; N fhshfNth fhl; L tJ mtuplk;
ek; g pf; i fia Vw; g Lj; J k; . rpy Neuq; f spy; jtwhd
cjhuzq;fshy; tpw;gid jilgl;lJk; cs;sd. vdNt
rupahd cjhuzq; fis epidtpy; itj; J Njitg;gLk;
Ng hJ mtw;i w cgNa hfpf;fy hk; . cj huz j;j pw; F
Vw; n fdNt ghyp]p je; J jw; N ghJ ey; y yhgepiyapy;
,Uf; Fk; xU ghyp]papd; jw; Nghja epjpepiy gpujpia
fhz;gpg;gJ tpw;gidf;F cjtpnra;Aky;yth?
rupahd cjhuzq; fis Nju; e; njLf; Fk; fiyia ekJ
mDgtk;jhd; fw;Wf;nfhLf;Fk;.
5. re; j pg;gpw;F rpy nehbfSf; F Kd;: thbf; ; i fahsu;

Fwpg;gpl;l ,lj;jpw;F 10 epkplk; Kd;djhfNt
nrd;WtplNtz;Lk;. mJ cq;fs; filrpepkpl gjw;wj;ij
mfw;Wk; . gjw; wk; ekJ tpw; gid ciuahlypd; jpwid
ntFthf Fiwj;JtpLk;. ,g;NghJ ePq;fs; thbf;ifahsu;
,lj; j pw; F te; J tpl; B u; f s; . eP q ; f s; nra; a Ntz; b ad:
mtUf;F fhz;gpf;fNtz;ba nghUs;fis xOq;FgLj;jp
ifapy; my;yJ igapy; vspjhf vLf;FkhW mtUila
mYtyfk; my; y J tPl;bw;F Eiotjw; F Kd;dNu
ifapy; vLj; J itj; J f; n fhs; S q; f s; . ,J mtu; K d;
ePq;fs; xU nehb$l tPzhf;fhky; ciuahliy Jtq;f
cjTk;. cq;fsJ tprpbq; fhu;il ifapy;
itj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. mtUf;F Kd;dhy; gu;rpypUe;Njh>
igapypUe; N jh vLg; g ijtpl ifapy; itj; j pUg; g Nj
rpwe;jJ. cq;fsJ ifNgrpia midj;jpLq;fs;. “eP ePq;fs;
,Ug;gJ mtUila ,lk;. ePq;fs; nrytopg;gJ
mtUila Neuk;. mjdhy; mtUf;F njhe;juT nra;Ak;
ve;j xU nraiyAk; nra;aNtz;lhk;”.
Mq; f pyj; j py; ,jw; F Fact Finding vd; W
$Wthu;fs;. cz;ikawpjy; vd;gJ> thbf;ifahsu; gw;wp
ekf;F Njitahd jfty;fis Nrfupg;gJ MFk;. ekf;F
Njitahd jfty;fs; vd;gJ ek;Kila tpahghuj;jpw;F
cjTk; my;yJ ghjpf;Fk; jfty;fs; MFk;.
cjhuzj;jpw;F> thbf;ifahsupd; jw;Nghija nghUsh-
jhu epiy> cly; MNuhf;fpak;> taJ> mtuJ tho;f;ifj;
Jizapd; taJ> Foe; i jfs; taJ> khj tUkhdk; >
fhg;gPL kw;Wk; Nrkpg;Gfs; Mfpad MFk;.
,j;jfty;fs; ekf;F> thbf;ifahsiu
mZFtjw; F Kd; du; njupe; j pUe; j hy; ey;yJ. mt; thW
njupahjNghJ> ehk; Neu; fhZk; re; j pg; gpd; NghJ Nfl; L
njupe;Jnfhs;syhk;. ,j;jifa jfty;fs; %yk; ekf;F
thbf;ifahsupd; jd;ik> jw;Nghja Njit>
vjpu;fhyj;Njit kw;Wk; mtupd; jFjp Mfpad Gyg;gLk;.
,e; j jfty; fs; ek;k plk; ,Ue; j hy; j hd; > ehk; mtUf; F
trjpahd> mtUf;F Njitahd kw;Wk; mtuhy;
kdKte;J Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba jpl;lq;fisAk; ghyp]p
iaAk; gupe;Jiuf;f KbAk;.
,e; j cz;i kawpjy; > ehk; NgRk; rkaj;j py; $l
epfOk;. mj htJ ehk; thbf;ifahsiug;gw;wp xU
epiyg; g hLld; Ngrj; J tq; Fk; NghJ> mtiug; g w; w p ehk;
epidj;jJ jtwhf ,Uf;fyhk;. ,r;rkak;> ehk;
Ngrpf;nfhz;Nl ftdpj;jhy; cz;ik epytuk; mwpayhk;.
cz;ikawpjYf;F ftdKk;> Fwpg;gwpe;J
njupe;Jnfhs;SjYk; mtrpak;. mjhtJ thbf;ifahsu;
Fwpg;gpLk; jfty;fs; mbg;gi lapY k;> mq;F ehk;
ftdpg;gij itj;Jk; mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.
cjhuzj;jpw;F xU thbf;ifahsu; ghu;g;gjw;F
trjpahdtuhf njup ayhk;. Mdhy;> mtu; fld; Rikap-
Nyh my;yJ tUkhdk; jilg;gl;l epiyap-
Nyh ,Uf;fyhk;.
,e; j cz; i k epytuk; njupahky; ehk; NgRk;
Ng hJ> ek J Ng r; R thbf;i fa hsi u ntW g; gi la
nra;ayhk; my;yJ ek;Kila Ngr;R tPzhfyhk;. ,jid
jtpu; f ; f ehk; cz; i kawpe; J NgrNtz; L k; . rpy Neuk;
ehk; cz; i kawpahky; NgRk; rkak; > ekf; F jFjpf; F
Fiwthd gpupkpak; fpilf;fTk; tha;g;Gz;L.
cz;ikawpjypy; ,Utif cz;L. 1. gpwu; %yk;
cz; i kawpjy; . 2. Neu; f hzy; rkak; cz; i kawpjy; .
gpwu; % yk; cz; i kawpjypy; > thbf; i fahsupd; trjp>
FLk;g mq;fj;jpdu;> Nrkpg;G kw;Wk; fhg;gPl;L jpl;lq;fspd;
kP J mtuJ tpUg; G ntWg; G > jw; N ghja nghUshjhu
epiy> mtuJ cly; eyk; kw;Wk; mtuJ KbntLf;Fk;
rkak; mtu; fye; j hNyhrpf; F k; egu; Mfpadtw; i w
njupe; J nfhs; s yhk; . ,j; j id jfty; f Sk; midj; J
thbf;ifahsUf;Fk; Kf;fpaky;y. Mdhy; njupe;jhy; ehk;
kpf njspthf nray;glyhk;. Neu;fhzy; rkak; mtUf;F
tpUg; g khdit> mtupd; kdepiy kw; W k; mtUila
v j pu; g hu; g; G M fpa tw ;i w mw pa y hk; . Neu; fhz y py;
mtUld; ciuahLk; NghJ ehk; rpy cz; i kfis
fz; l wpayhk; . cjhuzj; j pw; F thbf; i fahsu; tq; f p>
jghy; KjyPl;L jpl; l q;fspy; mjpf msT KjyP L
nra; j pUf; f pwhu; vd; w hy; > mtu; ghJfhg; G mk; r k; gw; w p
mjpf <LghL cilatuhf ,Uf;fpwhu; vd;W A+fpf;fyhk;.
c z ; i k a w p j y p y ; eh k ; , J t i u g h u; j ; j i t
vy; y hk; ehk; ve; j jpl; l j; i j vt; t hW gupe; J iuf; f
Ntz;Lk; vd;gij jPu;khdpf;fj; j hd;. Mdhy; NtW
rpytw;iwAk; ehk; mwpaNtz;Lk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F
thbf;ifahsu; VjhtJ vjpu;g;G my;yJ re;Njfk;
njuptpj;jhy;> ehk; mJ cz;ikahd re;Njfkh? my;yJ
e k ; i k t py f; F t j w ; f h f m t u; m e; j re ; N j fj ; i j
vOg; Gfpwhuh? vd; g ijAk; ehk; Gupe; J nfhs;sNtz; L k; .
,t;thW cz;ikawpjy; %yk; ehk; rupahd Nfhzj;jpy;
mZfTk;> ekJ Neuk; tPzhfhky; jtpu;f;fTk; ,aYk;.
$u;e;J ftdpAq;fs;:
ey;y tpw;gid tpsf;fk; vd;gJ ePq;fSk;
thbf;ifahsUk; Ngr;rpy; gq;Nfw;gJ MFk;.
,t;thW ,UtUk; Ngrpdhy;jhd; kiwe;jpUf;Fk;
tp\aq;fs; ntsptUk;. mg;NghJjhd; ePq;fs; cz;ikia
mwpa KbAk; . ehk; Muk; g pj; J rpy khjq; f s; fopj; J
mjpfkhd re; j pg; G fs; njupahj egu; f splk; njupe; j tu;
rpg hu pR % y Nk ep f Ok ; . mg; Ng hJ> ehk ; mw pK fk;
nra; J itj; j egu; $wpa jfty; f is kl; L Nk KO
ikahf ek;gp tpsf;FNthk;.
Mdhy; cz; i kepiy NtWkhjpupahf ,Ue;j hy; >
ehk; thbf; i fahsu; tpUg; g j; j pw; F Vw; w jpl; l j; i j
gupe;Jiu nra;a ,ayhJ.
cjhuzj; j pw; F> nrd;i dapy; xU jdpahu; epWtdj; j py;
Ntiy nra;Ak; eguplk; vdJ KftUld; nrd;wpUe;Njd;.
vdJ Kftu; mspj; j jftypd; g b mtu; khjk; &30000
rk;ghjpf;fyhk; vd;Wk;> mtu; tPl;L flDf;F khjk; re;jh
nrYj; J tjhy; jw; N ghJ mjpf gpupkpaj; j pw; F cld; g l
khl; l hu; vd; W k; njupe; j J. thbf; i fahsiu Neupy;
ghu;j;jNghJk; mt;thNw Njhd;wpaJ.
mtuplk; rpy kiwKf cz; i kfhZk; Nfs; t pfis
Nfl; l NghJ Mr; r upakhf ,Ue; j J. mtUila Mz; L
tUkhdk; Rkhu; 10 yl;rq;fs; tiu. NkYk; mtu; tPl;Lf;
fld; re; j hitj; j tpu NtNwJk; flNdh> khjhe; j pu
Nrkpg;Ngh ,y; i y. mtu; tpiutpy; tPl; L f; flid
Kbj;Jtpl;L NtnwhU tPL fl;Lk; vz;zj;jpy; ,Ue;jhu;.
,J njupe;jJk; ehd; tUlk; &2 yl;rk; gpupkpak;
10 tUlq;fSf;F fl;b> 10 tUlq;fSf;F gpwF
Kjpu;itAk;> ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; mtUf;F fpilf;Fk;
ghJfhg;ig gw;wpAk; tpsf;fpNdd;. NkYk; mtuJ tPl;Lf;
flid rupfl;Lk; xU ghyp]piaAk; gupe;Jiu nra;Njd;.
,e; j 10 tUl Kbtpy; tUk; gzk; > mtuJ kfspd;
fy;tpf;F cjTk; vd;Wk; $wpNdd;.
mtu; clNd kWg;NgJk; ,d;wp fhNrhiy
toq;fpdhu;. Mdhy; ekJ Kftu; ,e;j cz;ik epytuk;
njupahky; fle; j xUkhjkhf njhiyNgrpapy; tUlk;
&15000 gpupkpak; fl; L k; ghyp]piag; gw; w pAk; mjd;
gad; fs; gw; w pAk; $wpte; J s; shu; . me; j tUkhd epiy
apypUg;gtUf;F ,e;j rpwpa jpl;lk; Mu;tj;ij
cz;lhf;ftpy;iy. vdNtjhd; Neu;fhziy js;spg;Nghl;L
te;Js;shu;. ehd; mZFjypy; $wpaJ Nghy
Neu;fhzYf;FKd; jpl;lj;ij tpsf;FtJ jtWjhNd?
1. Nkw; f z; l epfo; t pd; %yk; ekf; F njuptJ vd; d ?
thbf; i fahsUf; F jpl; lj; i j gupe; Jiu nra; tjw; F
Kd; mtuplk; Njitahd tpguq; fis Neub kw; W k;
kiwKf Nfs;tpfs; %yk; Nfl;L mwpe;J
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
2. $batiu thbf;ifahsiu ciuahlypy; gq;Fngwr;
nra; A q; f s; . mtu; ciuahlypy; xj; J iog; g ij
itj;Nj tpUg;gj;ij njupe;J nfhs;syhk;.
Nfs;tp Nfl;Fk; xOf;fKiw:

Nfs; t pfs; Nfl; g jpy; vd; d xOf; f Kiw vd; W
ePq;fs; epidf;fyhk;. nghJthf gyu; Nfs;tp
Nfl;fg;gLtij tpUk;g khl;lhu;fs;. vdNt> Nfs;tpfis
kpfTk; eh#f; f hf Nfl; f Ntz; L k; . ,jdhy; j hd; Neub
Nfs;tp kw;Wk; kiwKf Nfs;tpfs; vd;Nwd;.
thbf; i fahsuplk; Nfs; t pfs; Nfl; F k; Kd; d u;
vjw;fhf ,e;j jfty;fis Nrfupf;fpwPu;fs;? kw;Wk; ,jd;
%yk; vt;thW thbf;ifahsu;fSf;F cjtg;NghfpwPu;fs;
vd; gij Nfs; tp Nfl;Fk; Kd; dNu $wp mDkjp thq; fp
gpd;du; Nfs;tp Nfl;gJ ey;yJ.
cjhuzj;jpw;F xU thbf;fifahsupk;> ‘rhu;> ehd;
cq; fSf; nfd; Nw tbtikj; j J Nghy; xU jpl; lj;j pid
tbtikf;fyhk;. ePq;fs; rpy jfty;fs; je;J cjtpdhy;>
ehd; kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd> cq; fSf;F vspjhd jpl;lk;
xd; i w tbtikf; f KbAk; . vdNt eP q; fs; vdf; F rpy
jty;fs; je;J cjt Kbakh rhu;?’ vd;gij
cq; f Sf; F Vw; w khjpup khw; w p Nfl; L gpd; d u; Nfs; t p
Nfl;fyhk;.
Nfs;tpfis Nfl;Fk; NghJ> njspthf Nfl;fTk;.
xt; n thU Nfs; t pf; f hd gjpiy thbf; i fshau; $Wk;
NghJk; ed; w p njuptpj; J tpl; L mij cq; f sJ gjpT
my;yJ Nehl;by; Fwpj;JtpLq;fs;. mg;NghJjhd; ePq;fs;
VNjhnra;ag;NghfpwPu;fs; vd;gJ thbf;ifahsUf;F GupAk;.
mtUk; ciuahlypy; gq;FngWthu;. thbf;i fahsUf;F
tpUg; gk; ,Uf; fpwJ vd; g J mtu; gjpypYk;> Kfj; j pYk;
ed; F njupAk;. mg;g b xj; Jiog;G ,Ug;gpd; mLj;jLj;j
Nfs;tpfis nkd;ikahf NfSq;fs;. xj;Jiog;G ,y;iy
vd;why;> jtpu;j;JtpLq;fs;. tw;GWj;jhjPu;fs;.
Neub Nfs;tpfs; kw;Wk; Nfl;Fk; Kiw:
rpy nghJthd tp\aq;fis Neubahf Nfl;fyhk;.
cjhuzj; j pw; F taJ> gpwe; j Njjp> ngw; N whu; taJ>
kidtp kw;Wk; Foe;i jfspd; taJ Mfpatw;iw Neub
Nfs;tpfshf Nfl;fyhk;. Mdhy; tupirahf Nfs;tpfis
mLf; f pf; nfhz; N l Nghfhky; xUrpy gjpYf; F g; gpd;
rpwpa ghuhl;Lf;fis $wp gpd; Nfl;gJ thbf;ifahsiu
kpfTk; Mde;jg;gLj;Jk;.
cjhuzj;jpw;F> ehd; xUKiw xU ngupa njhopy;
mjpguplk; vdJ Kftu; kw;Wk; mjpfhupAld;
nrd;wpUe;Njd;. mg;NghJ> mtuplk; Nkw;$wpa jfty;fis
ehNd Nrfupj; N jd; . mtUila xNu kfspd; ngaiu
Nfl;fjw;F mtu; “upjk; =“ vd;whu;. ehd; clNd
mtuplk; > rhu; ,e; j ngaupy; xU Mr; r upak; ,Uf; f pwJ
vd; N wd; . mtUk; MtNyhL vd; d ntd; W tpdtpdhu; .
mjw;F ehd; “upjk;” vd;w Mq;fpy thu;j;ijapy; Mq;fpy
capnuOj;Jf;fs; vJTk; ,y;iy vd;Wk;>
Mq;fpyj;jpNyNa capnuOj;J ,y;yhj ngupa
t h u ; j ; i j , Jj h d; v d; W k ; $ w p N d d ; . gp w F me; j
Neu;fhzy; vg;gb Kbe;jpUf;Fk; vd;W ePq;fNs $Wq;fs;.
,J ,aw;ifahf epfo Ntz;Lk;. nraw;if njupa njupa
thbf;ifahsu; tpyfj;jhd; epidg;ghu;.
Nfs;tpfis Nfl;Fk; NghJ vOjpf;nfhz;Nl mtu;
Kfj; i jg; ghu; j ; J NfSq; f s; . Neub Nfs; t pfs; %yk;
cq;fSf;F njupa Ntz;bad> gpwe;j Njjp> FLk;gj;jpdu;
jfty;fs;> Nrkpg;G gw;wpa tptuq;fs; MfpaitahFk;.
kiwKf Nfs;tp kw;Wk; Nfl;Fk; Kiw:

thbf; i fahsiu njhe; j uT nra; A k; my; y J
ntWg; g ilar; nra; A k; ve; j xU Nfs; t pfisAk; ehk;
kiwKfkhfj;jhd; Nfl;f Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F fld;
gw;wpa tpguq;fis kpfTk; jho;e;j Fuypy; Nfl; f
Ntz;Lk;. cly; epiy gw;wpa Nfs;tpfis> nrhe;j tPlh
thlif tP l h Nghd; w Nfs; t pfis kiwKfkhfj; j hd;
Nfl;f Ntz;Lk;.
cjhuzj;jpw;F> mtuJ ngw;Nwhu; capUld; ,Uf;fpwhuh
vd;gij mg;gbNa ‘capUld; ,Uf;fpwhu;fsh?’
Nfl;ff;$lhJ. khwhf> ‘cq;fs; je;ijf;F ,g;NghJ
vt;tsT tajhfpwJ vd;Wk;> $lNt
eykhf ,Ug;g hnud;W epidf;fpNwd; vd;W kiwKfkhf
Nfl; l hy; > ,we; J tpl; l hy; ,we; J tpl; l hu; vd; W $Wthu; ;
mg;gb ,y;yhky; Neupilahf> ‘cq;fs; mg;gh capUld;
,Uf;fpwhuh?’ vd;nwy;yhk; Nfl;LtplhjPu;.
thbf;ifahsuplk; mtUf;F vd;d
tpahjp ,Uf; f pwJ vd; W Nfl; f hky; > “eP q ; f s; ,g; N ghJ
vjw;fhfthtJ kUj;Jtiu njhlu;e;J ghu;j;J
tUfpwP u; f sh?’ vd; W Nfl; f yhNk! ,e; j Nfs; t p eP q ; fs;
tpz; z g; g j; i j g+u; j ; j p nra; i fapy; Nfl;fNtz; b a
Nfs; tp. NkYk;> mUfpy; thbf; i fahsupd; ez;g u; fNsh>
cwtpdu; f Nsh my; y J Ntw; W kdpju; f Nsh ,Ue; j hy; >
cq;fsJ Nfs;tpfs; eh#f;fhfNt ,Uf;fl;Lk;.
Nfs;tpfs; rhJu;akhf Nfl;fg;glNtz;Lk;.
cz; i kawpjYf; f hd jfty; f is re; j pg; g pw; F

Kd;dNu vt;tsT njupe;J nfhs;sNtz;LNkh mt;tsT
njupe; J nfhs; S q; f s; . Neu; f z; L tpsf; f y; vd; g J kpf
mupj hd Neuk;. mg;ng hOJ Neuj;ij kpfr; rupa hf
cgNahfpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ehk; ngUk;ghYk; njupe;jtiuNah
my; y J mtUf; F j; njupe; j tupd; rpghupRlNdh kl; L Nk
mZFNthk;. vdNt> $Lkhdtiu jfty;fis Kd;dNu
N r f u p j ; J n r y ; t J e d ; W . N k Y k ; > m ti u g ; g w ; w p a
jfty;fs; cq;fSf;F Kd;dNk njupe;jpUg;gJ
thbf;ifahsuplk; NgRtjpy; cq;fSf;F cs;s
<Lghl;il fhl;Lk;. ,JTk; cq;fSf;F rhjfkhf mik
Ak;.
,t;thW Ntz;ba jfty;fs; cq;fSf;F Kd;dNu
njupe;jpUe;jhy;> ePq;fs; vd;d Ngrg;NghfpwPu;fs; vd;gJk;
Kd;du; njupe;jpUf;Fk;. ,jdhy; tpsf;fpf; $wy; kpfTk;
rpwg;ghf mikAk;.
,d;wa Nghl;bepiwe;j cyfpy;> Gj;jprhypfSf;F
kl; L Nk ghuhl; L fpilf; F k; . Gj; j prhypfs; vg; N ghJk;
jq; f is jahu; epiyapy; itj; J f; n fhz; L jhd; ve; j
nraiyAk; njhlq;Fthu;fs;.
Mq;fpyj;jpy; ,ij Presention vd;W $Wthu;fs;.
,g;nghOJ ePq;fs; thbf;ifahsu; Kd;dhy; ,Uf;fpwPu;fs;.
mjhtJ gupl; i r miwapy; cq; fs; Kd; tpdhj; j hSk;
tpilj;jhSk; cs;sJ. cq;fsJ Neuk; Jtq;fptpl;lJ…
eP q ; f s; vd; d nra; a Ntz; L k; ? xt; n thU epkplj; i jAk;
gaDs;sjhf khw;wNtz;Lky;yth?
Jtf;fk;:
e P q ; f s; V w ; n f d N t m D k j p n g w ; w p Ug; g j hy ;
cq; fisg; N ghyNt thbf; i fahsUk; jahuhf cs; shu;
vd; W epidf; f Ntz; lhk; . kP z ; L k; cq; fis mwpKfk;
nra;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;. cq;fsJ tprpbq;
fhu;il ,UiffshYk; toq;Fq;fs;. ed;F
njupe;jtnud;why; rpy kzpj;Jspfs; eyk; tprhup Aq;fs;
cldbahf tpsf;f Jtq;f Ntz;lhk;. epjhdkhf>
j w ; N g h J N g ry hk h ? v d; W k P z ; L k ; mD k j p n g w ; W
Jtq; Fq; fs; . ,ij tpLj; J cs; Ns nrd; w Jk; cq; fs;
ciuahliy Jtq; F tJ ey; y jy; y . eP q ; f s; re; j pf; Fk;
egu; NtnwhUtu; %yk; mwpKfkhdtuhdhy;> cq;fSf;F
mw pK fk ; nr a; Ji t j ; j ti u g; g w ; w p Ak ; > m tU f; Fk ;
cq;fSf;Fk; cs;s el;ig my;yJ nj hlu;igAk;
$Wq;fs;. ,J ey;y #oiy cUthf;Fk;. gpd; du;
cq; f sJ ,e; j re; j pg; g pw; f hd fhuzj; i j RUf; f khf
$Wq; f s; . “ehk; ,g; n ghOJ vq; f s; epWtdj; j pYs; s
rpwe;j MAs;fhg; gPl;L jpl; lq;fisg;g w;wp rpy epkplq; fs;
ciuahlg;NghfpNwhk;” vd; g ij cq;fs; ghzpapy;
$Wq; f s; . ,J mtUila kdij NkYk; jahuhf; F k;
KiwahFk;.
cjhuzj; j pw; F > ‘rhu; ehk ,g; N gh cq; f Sf; F
cjtpnra;Ak; ghyp]pgw;wp Ngryhkh?’ vd;W Nfl;Ltpl;L
mtu; mDkjp mspj;jgpd; Ngrj;Jtq;fyhNk?. rpy Neuk;
thbf;ifahsu; cq;fis Ngrr; nrhy;yptpl;L Ntnwq;Nfh
ftdpf; fyhk; . me; j Neuk; Ngr; i r epWj; j ptpl; L mtuJ
ftdk; tUk; tiu fhj;jpUf;fTk;.
rpy thbf; i fahsu; ‘guthy; y rhu; eP q ; fghl; L f; f
nrhy; Y q; f ’ vd; W $wyhk; . mg; N ghJ gzpthf> ‘rhu; >
eP q ; f ,g; g gp]pah ,Uf; f P q ; f d; D epidf; f pNwd; . ehd;
nfhQ;r Neuk; Ntdh ntapl; gd;Nwd;’ vd;W $wyhk;.
tpsf;fp$wy;: ,g;NghJjhd; ehk; Kf;fpa fl;lj;jpy;
,Uf; f pNwhk; . ek; K ila tpsf; F k; jpwk; ,g; n ghOJ
ntspg; g Lk; . Kjypy; cq; f s; epWtdk; g w; w p mwpKfk;
RUf;fkhf nfhLq;fs;. gpd;du; cldbahf
jpl; l j; i jg; g w; w p $WtJ xU top. Mdhy; ,q; F ehd;
gupe;Jiuf;Fk; Kiw rw;W tpj; j pahrkhdJ. ,ij
ifahs> gapw;rpAk; topfhl;LjYk; Ntz;Lk;. vg;nghOJk;
ek; K ila Ngr; r py; capu; ,Uf; f Ntz; L k; . Nfl; g tu;
xUtu;> NgRgtu; kw;nwhUtu; vd;wpUe;jhy; mJ
nrhw; n ghopT MFk; . ,UtUk; Ngrpf; n fhz; l hy; mJ
ciuahly; MFk;. vdNt xg;Gtpg;gij jtpu;f;fTk;.
ek; K ila Nehf; fk; ek; k plkpUf; Fk; jpl; lq; f spy;
xd; i w thbf; i fa hsu; j i y apy; fl; LtJ my ; y .
thbf; ; i fahsUila jw; N ghija trjpf; F k; > vjpu; f hy
nghUshjhu Njitf; Fk; > mtUila FLk; gj;j pdUila
nghUshjhu ghJfhg;gpw;Fk; Vw;w xU jpl;lj;ij
cUthf; F tNj MFk; . mjhtJ xU ghyp]p vd; g J
gy; N tW trjpfSila xU %yg; n ghUs; . mij ehk;
ekf; F Njitahd tbtj; j py; cUthf; f pf; n fhs; s yhk;
vd; g ij kwe; J tplhjP u ; f s; . cjhuzj; j pw; F xUtUf; F
jpUkzkhfp xU ngz; F oe; i j ,Ue; j hy; > mtUf; F
vjpu;fhyj;jpy; gzk; Njitg;gLtJ %d;W flikf;fhf.
xd;W mtuJ kfspd; Nkw;gbg;gpw;F. ,uz;lhtJ kfspd;
jpUkzj;jpw;F. %d;whtJ mtuJ Xa;Tfhyj;jpw;F. ,e;j
%d;W NjitfSf;Fk; Kjpu;T fpilf;FkhWk;> mtUf;F
vjpu; g huhj kuzk; epfo;i fapy; > mtuJ kidtp kw;Wk;
kfspd; md; w hl nrytpw; F k; > kfspd; fy; tp jpUkzk;
kw; W k; kidtpapd; Xa; T fhyj; j pw; f hd gzj; N jit
Mfpatw; i wAk; G+u; j ; j p nra; A k; xU jpl; l j; i j ehk;
gupe;Jiug;gNj ekJ flik. mij tpLj;J ek;
epWtdj;jpYs;s xU ghyp]papd; ngaiu nrhy;yp mij
ngw Njitahd taJtuk; G > gpupkpa tuk; G > Mfpait
Kf; f paky; y . eP q ; f s; jpl; l j; i jg; g w; w p ghlk; elj; j
nry;ytpy;iy.
Kd;dhy; nrhd;dJNghy;> thbf;ifahsu; ftdpf;f
tpy;iynad;why;> ePq;fs; vd;d nrhd;dhYk; tPzhfj;jhd;
NghFk;.
vdNt> eP q ; f s; thbf; i fahsiu ciuahlypy;
gq;Fngwr;nra;Aq;fs;. mjhtJ ePq;fs; gupe;Jiuf;ifapy;>
xt; n thU gbapYk; mtupd; xg; G jiyg; n gw; W mLj; j
gbf;F nry;Yq;fs;. NkYk; mtuplk; fUj;ij NfSq;fs;.
,e;j ,uz;L KiwfspYk; mtiu ciuahlypy;
gq;Fngwr;nra;ayhk;. cq;fSf;F Ntz;ba jfty;fis
mtuplk; NfSq; f s; . cjhuzj; j pw; F “cq; f s; gpwe; j
Njjp vd;d rhu;?” “cq;fsJ kfspd; gpwe;e Njjp vd;d
rhu;?” “cq;fs; kidtpapd; gpwe;j Njjp vd;d
rhu; ? ” (Nfs; t pfis mLf; f pf; n fhz; N l nry; y hjP u ; f s; .
xt; n thUNfs; t pAk; gzpTld; mNjrkak; tprhupg; g J
Nghy ,y;yhkYk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;) ,q;F ehd; taij
Nfl; f hky; gpwe; j Njjpia Nfl; g jpy; xU mu; j ; j k;
cs; s J. mtu; $Wk; xt; n thU jftYk; cq; f Sf; F
cjTk;.
xUKiw ehd; vdJ KftUld; xU
njhopyjpgiu re; j pf; f nrd; w pUe; Njd; . ,t; t hW mtuJ
FLk; g egu; f spd; gpwe;j Njjpia Nfl; F k;nghOJ>
ehq; f s; re; j pj; ; j kWehs; mtuJ kfdpd; gpwe; j ehs; .
ehq;fs; ciuahliy Kbj;J kWthuk; re;jpf; F k;
xg;Gjypy; Gwg;gl;Nlhk;. Mdhy; kWehs; ehDk;> KftUk;
fhiy 7 kzpf; F xU ey; y gupRld; mtuJ tP l ; b w; F
nrd;wpUe;Njhk;. midtUk; mg;NghJjhd;
vOe; j pUe; j hu; f s; . me; j Neuj; j py; ehq; f s; gpwe; j ehs;
gupRld; tP l ; L s; nrd; w Jk; me; j egUf; F Mr; r upak; .
vg;gb vq;fSf; F njupAk; vd;whu;. ehq;fs; cz;ikia
$wp mtu; kfDf; F guprspj; N jhk; . mJjhd; mtDf; F
md;wa Kjy; gupR. thbf;ifahsUk; mtuJ kidtpAk;
vq;fis ed;F cgrupj;jhu;fs;. mg;NghNj ehd; mtuplk;>
mtuJ kfdpd; cau;fy;tpf;fhd xU jpl;lj;ij
gpwe;jehs; guprhf toq;FkhW nkJthf
Nfl;Lf;nfhz;Nld;. clNd mtu; rk;kjpj;J fhNrhiyia
kfpo;Tld; je;jhu;.
rpW JUk;Gk; gy;Fj;j cjTk;.
thbf; i fahsupd; tUkhdk; > FLk; g j; j pdu; taJ>
jw; N ghJ mtupd; nkhj; j fld; kjpg; G kw; W k; nrhj; J
kjpg; G Mfpadtw; i w mtiu njhe; j uT nra; a hkYk; >
ntWg; g ilar; n ra; a hkYk; nkd; i kahd Nfs; t pfshy;
NrfupAq;fs;.
,g;NghJ cq;fsplk;> jpl;lq;fs; cs;sd. mtupd;
jftiyf;nfhz;L Njitia ePq;fs;
fzf; f pl; l hy; > ,g; n ghOJ rupahd jpl; l j; i j eP q ; f s;
jahupf;fyhk;. V d; ehk; ek; k plk pUf; Fk; Vj htJ xU
jpl;lj;ij tpsf;fhky;> jpl;lj;ij jahupf;f Ntz;Lk;?
fhg; g P l ; L jpl; l q; f s; ehk; Kd; $ wpaijg; N ghy
mtuJ Njitfis G+u;j;jpnra;tdthf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
ek; K ila jpl; l j; j py; VNjDk; xd; N wh my; y J XupU
ghyp]pfspd; fyitNah mtupd; Njitfis
G+u;j; j pnra; ayhk; . cjhuzj;j pw; F> MAs;fhg;gPL vd; g J>
nrhe;jkhf xU tPLfl;LtJ Nghy MFk;. 1000 rJu mb
epyj; j py; fl;lg; g Lk; tP L > trjpf;Fk;> FLk;gj; j py;
cs; s tu; f spd; vz; z pf; i ff; F k; vw; w thW gykhjpup
fl;lyhk;. Mdhy; trjpahdtupd; tPL eLj;ju
FLk; g j; j pw; F fl; L g; g bahfhJ. eLj; j u FLk; g j; j pdu;
fl;ba tPL trjpahdtUf;F gpbf;fhJ. ,JNghy; jpl;lk;
thbf; i fahsiu ftu Ntz; L nkdpy; > mJ mtUf; N f
tbtikj;jJ Nghy ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.
j f t y ; f i s f ; n f h z ; L v t ; t h W j p l ; l q ; fi s
jahupf;fyhk;? rpy cjhuzq; f isAk; mtUf;fhd
jpl;lq;fisAk; ghu;f;fyhk;.
thbf;ifahsu; Njit jpl;lk;

rkPgj;jpy; ePz;lehs; Fiwe;j
Ntiyf;F Nrkpg;G kw;Wk; gpupkpaKs;s
Nru;e;j ,isQu; fhg;gPL ePz;l jpl;lk;
rkPgj;jpy; fhg;gPL> Nrkpg;G Nlu;k; ghyp]p>
jpUkzkhdtu; A+ypg;> kzpNgf;>
15 tUlKjpu;T
thbf;ifahsu; Njit jpl;lk;
jpUkzkhfp fhg;gPL> Nrkpg;G> Nlu;k; ghyp]p>
Foe;ij ngw;wtu; cau;fy;tp vd;Nlhnkd;l;
cjtpj;jpl;lk; A+ypg;> iry;L
gpshd;.
35—45 taJ fhg;gPL> Nrkpg;G> Nkw;$wpa ghyp]p
rk;gsf;fhuu; KjyPL> ngd;rd; Ald; ngd;rd;
fy;tpj;jpl;lk;. ghyp]p
njhopyjpgu; fhg;gPL> KjyPL. A+ypg;> Nlu;k;>
ngd;rd;.
FWfpafhy Fiwe;j tUl A+ypg;> ypkpll;

rk;ghj;jpaf;fhuu; gpupkpak; nrYj;Jk; gpupkpak; nfhz;l
(ebfu;> ghyp]p jpl;lq;fs;.
fhz;l;uhf;lu;)
45-60 taJ KjyPLld; fhg;gPL> Fiwe;jfhy
cs;stu; ngd;rd; gpupkpak; nfhz;l
jpl;lq;fs;.
60 taJf;F Nky; FWfpafhy xUKiw gpupkpak;

,Ug;gtu; kw;Wk; KjyPL> ngd;rd;. fl;Lk; jpl;lq;fs;>
Xa;Tngw;wtu; cldb ngd;rd;
jpl;lq;fs;.
tPl;Lf;fld; flDf;F rkkhd Nlu;k; gpshd;>
ngw;wtu; Fiwe;Jnfhz;Nl Nyhd; Gnuhnlf;lu;
tUk; fhg;gPL gpshd;.
jk;gjpfs; ,UtUk; ,UtUf;Fk; [ha;d;l; iyg;

Ntiyf;F nry;gtu; rkkhd fhg;gPL jpl;lq;fs; (xUtu;
rkgq;fpy; ,we;jhYk; nkhj;j
tPl;Lf;fld; fld; js;Sgb)
ngw;wpUe;jhy;.
Nkw;fz;lit xU cjhuzk;jhd;.
kpfr; r upahd jpl;lk; vd; g J thbf; i fahsupd;
tpUg;gj;ijg; nghUj;jJ. Nkw;fz;lJ Nghy; ePq;fNs
mDgtrhypfsplk; Nfl;L ngupa ml;ltizia
jahupf;fyhk;.
xU cjhuzk; vLj;J ehk; xU jpl;lj;ij
jahupg;Nghkh?
thbf;ifahsu; jfty;:
taJ : 37> jpUkzkhfp ,U Foe;ijfs; cz;L. kidtp

t P l; by ; , U g; g t u; . K j y ; Fo e; i j M z ; ta J 6.
,uz;lhk; Foe;ij ngz; taJ 4. khj tUkhdk; &gha;
30>000. tP l ; L f; f ld; ghf; f p 7 yl; r k; . Nrkpg; G &gha;
1>25>000. tPl;L jw;Nghja kjpg;G &gha; 10 yl;rk;. tPl;L
khj nryT Ugha; 12000. fy; t pr; n ryT &gha; 3000.
kUj;Jtk;> ntspA+u; nry;Yk; nryT &gha; 3000.
ngw; NwhUf; F &gha; 4000. ,Uf;Fk; MAs;fhg; gPL &gha;
2yl;rk;.
,g; N ghJ ,tUf; f hd jpl; l j; i j jahupg; N ghk; .
Kjypy; tho; i fia tptupf; F k; tiuglj; i j tiua
Ntz;Lk;. mJ fPo;fhZk;gb ,Uf;fTk;.
37 49 51 57 60
Jtf;f kfd;gb kfs; jpUk Xa;T
taJ g;G gbg;G zk;
vjpu;fhyj;jpy; tuf;$ba ngupa nryTfs;:
Kjy; Foe;ij Nkw;gbg;G 18-6 ,d;Dk; 12 tUlk;.

mLj;jFoe;if Nkw;gbg;G 18-4 ,;d;Dk; 14 tUlk;.
kfspd; jpUkzk; 24-4 ,d;Dk; 20 tUlk;.
Xa;TngWtJ 60-37 ,d;Dk; 23 tUlk;.
xU Foe; i japd; Nkw; g bg; g pw; F &5 yl; r k; . kfspd;

jpUkzj;j pw;F &10 yl;rk;. Xa;T ngWifapy; ifapUg;G
&25 yl; r k; . Mf 12k; tUlk; 5yl; r k; > 14 k; tUlk;
5yl; r k; > 20 tUlk; 10 yl; r k; > 23k; tUlk; 25 yl; r k;
,Ue; j hy; ,tu; kpf re; N jhrkhf> thoyhk; . ,jw; f hd
jpl;lk; vg;gb ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ehk; NtW ve;j
fhuzpfis ftdpf;f ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk; ghu;g;Nghk;.
, e ; j e g u p d; n g h Us h j h u j ; Nj i t f i s e hk ;
gl;baypl;Nlhk;. Kjypy; ,tUf;f Njitahd
tUlq;fspy Njitahd Kjpu;T fpilf;FkhW
jpl; l q; f is tFf; f Ntz; L k; . mjhtJ 12k; tUlk; 5
yl; r k; > 14k; tUlk; 5 yl; r k; 20k; tUlk; 10 yl; r k;
kw;Wk; 23k; tUlk; 25 yl;rk; Kjpu;T fpilf;fNtz;Lk;. 4
NtWghyp]pfis (,U fy; t p cjtp ghyp]pfs; > ,U
vd; N lhnkd; l ; ghyp]pfs; ) Nru; j ; J Nfhk; N gh gpshdhf
juyhk; . mjDld; ekJ Ntiy Kbatpy; i y. ,e; j
egUf; F VjhtJ mrk; g htpjk; epfo; e; j hy; FLk; g j; j pdu;
tho gzk; Njitay; y th? ,g; N ghJ mtuJ fhg; g P L
Njitia ghu;g;Nghk;.
vjpu; f hyj; j py; Njitg; g Lk; gzj; j pd; jw; Nghja
kjpg; i g fzf; f pl Ntz; L k; . mjhtJ> ,d; W vt; t sT
gzk; ,Ue; j hy; mtuJ kidtp tq; f papy; itj; j hYk;
gpw;fhyj;jpy; Njitg;gLk; gzk; fpilf;Fk; vd;w fzf;F.
tq;fptl;b 8rjk; vd itj;Jf;nfhs;Nthk;.
$l; L tl;b fzf; fpy; 72 vd;w vz; %yk; vj;j id
tUlj;jpy; KjyPL ,ul;bg;ghFk; vd;gij fzf;fplyhk;.
mjw; f hd top 72I $l; L tl; b ahy; tFf; f Ntz; L k; .
$l;L tl;b 8 rjk; vd;why;> 9 tUlj;jpy;
KjyPL ,Uklq;fhFk;.
12k; tUlj; j py; 5 yl; r k; Njitnadpy; ,d; W
2>14>000 Ntz;Lk;
NkYk; FLk; g k; elj; j khjr; nryTf; F & 10>000
Ntz; L nkdpy; ,d; W 15 yl; r k; tq; f papy; nrYj; j
Njit vj;jid tUlj;jy; ,d;wa kjpg;G

500000 12 214000
500000 14 184000
1000000 20 232000
2500000 23 460000
Ntz; L k; . Mf nkhj; j k; Fiwe; j J mtUf; F 25 yl; r

&gha;f;F fhg;gPL ntz;Lk;.
kw;nwhd;W> mtu; mtuJ tPl;il ghJfhf;f
Ntz; L nkdpy; $Ljyhf 7 yl; rk; (tP l; L f; fld; ghf; f p)
Nru; j ; J 32 yl; r j; j pw; F fhg; g P L Ntz; L k; . nghJthd
md;lu;iul;bq; tpjpg;gb xUtUila Mz;L tUkhdj;jpy;
15 klq;Ftiu fhg;gPL toq;fyhk;. mjhtJ ,e;j egupd;
Mz; L tUkhdk; 3>60>000. vdNt ,tUf; F 40 yl; r
&gha; tiu fhg; P L toq; F tjpy; rpf; f y; ,Uf; f hJ.
,t; t hW fzf; f pLk; Kiwf; F kdpj capupd; kjpg; G
(Human Life Value) vd;W ngau;.
ehk; ,j; j id fzf; f P L fs; nra; J Njitg; g Lk;
fhg; g P L kw; W k; vjpu; f hyr; n ryTfis fz; L gpbj; j hy; >
gpwF ghypfis Nfhu; g ; g jpNyh gupe; J iug; g jpNyh xU
mu; j ; j k; ,Uf; F ky; y th? Foe; i jfspd; fy; t p cWjp
jpl;lq;fspy; ,g;NghJ gpupkpak; js;SgbAila (gpupkpak;
fl;Lgtu; ,we;jhy;) jpl;lq;fSk; kpfg;gpugyk;.
,e;j midj;J NjitfisAk; G+u;j;jp nra;a xNu
ghyp]pahYk; KbAk; . ,g; NghJs;s A+ypg; ghyp]pfspy;
Ntz ;L k; Neuj; j py; g z k; ngW k; trj p ( g hu; rpay;
tpj;l;uhty;) cs;sJ. ,e;j rYif nfhz;L Njitg;gLk;
tUlj;jpy; gzk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;SkhWk; gupe;Jiuf;fyhNk.
,e;j fzf;fPLfs; midj;ijANk xUrpy
kzpj; J spfspy; thbf; i fahsupd; Kd; d hy; nra; a
Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW nra;ifapy; mtu; ftdk; <u;f;fg;gLk;>
NkYk; ePq;fs; $Wtjd; mu;j;jk; Gyg;gLk;.
,g; NghJ jpl; lk; jahu;. ,ij eP q; fs; mtu; Kd;
fzf; f pl; l hYk; > kP z ; L k; xUKiw jpl; l j; j pd; Nehf; fk;
kw;Wk; nray;gLk; tpjk;> gpupkpaj;njhif> fl;lNtz;ba
tUlq;fs; Mfpatw;iw tupirg;gb $Wq;fs;.
1. fhg;gPL &32 yl;rj;jpw;F ,d;WKjy;.
2. Kjpu; T 12> 14> 20> 23k; tUlq; f spy; Nkw; $ wpa
njhiff;F tuNtz;Lk;.
3. FLk;g kUj;Jt ghJfhg;gpw;F xU kUj;Jtf; fhg;gPL.
4. , i t m i d j ; i j A k ; n g W t j w ; f h d , y F t h d
gpupkpak;. (jpl;l fhyk; ePbf;f gpupkpak; FiwANk!)
,g;NghJ mtUf;F mjpf re;Njfq;fNsh>
vjpu; g ; G fNsh tUk; . mij ifahs; t jpy; j hd; cq; f s;
Kaw;rp epiwTngWk;. thbf;ifahsupd; Nfs;tpfs; kw;Wk;
re;Njfq;fs; kpfTk; ftdKld; ifahsg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
mtuJ Nfs;tpfSf;F gjpy; njspthfj; njupe;jhy;
kl;L k; $Wq; fs; . njupahj rkaj;j py; mtuplk; mDkjp
thq; f ptpl; L cq; f s; cau; mjpfhupfis ifNgrpahy;
njhlu; G nfhz; L gjpy; mwpe; J $Wq; f s; . Vndd; w hy;
mg; Ng hNj nra; tJ k pf; f ed; W . re; Nj fk y; y hky;
thbf;ifahsu; vjhtJ jfty;fs;> rhd;wpjo;fs; kw;Wk;
fzf;fPLfs; Nfl;lhy;> cq;fsplk; ,y;yhj rkak; ePq;fs;
mYtyfk; nrd;Wjhd; vLj;J tu Ntz;Lk;.
jaq;fhky; jfty;fis fhz;gpf;fr; rk;kjpAq;fs;.
eP q ; f s; mtiu KOikahf jpUg; j pgLj; j hky; ghyp]p
vLf; f KbahJ. mg; g bNa vLj; j hYk; > mJ kjpg; G
Fiwe;j ghyp]pahfj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;. kPz;Lk;
re; j pf; fNtz; ba R+oy;j hd; ngUk; g hYk; Vw;g Lk; . Kjy;
re;jpg;gpNyNa ghyp]p nfhLg;gJ kpfTk; mupJ. mt;thW
kP z ; L k; re; j pf; f Ntz; bapUg; g pd; mLj; j re; j pg; gpw; f hd
Neuj; i j mtUld; KbT nra; A q; f s; . $Lkhdtiu
mLj;jre;jpg;G tpiutpy; mikAkhW ghu;j;Jf;
nfhs; S q; f s; . Vnddpy; ciuahly; kwe; J njhlu; G
tpl;Ltplf;$lhJ.
kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; vj;jid Kiw re;jpf;f
Ntz; L Nkh mj; j id KiwAk; re; j pAq; f s; . Mdhy; >
thbf;ifahsu; xt;nthUKiwAk; mLj;jKiw
ghu; f ; f yhk; vd; W $Wk; N ghJ> cz; i kahd fhuzk;
VjhtJ cs; s jh? vd; g ij cWjpnra; a Tk; . Vnddpy;
xUrpyu; cz; i kaw; w fhuzq; f is nrhy; y p cq; f s;
Neuj;ij tPzhf;fyhk;. mtu; $Wk; fhuzq;fspy; cs;s
cz;ikia ePq;fshfNt czuyhk;.
tpsf;fp$wypd;NghJk;> mjw;Fg;gpwFk;
thbf;ifahsupd; $w;wpypUe;Jk;> mtuJ Kf
ghtq;fspypUe;Jk; mtu; $wpa jfty; kw;Wk;
fUj;Jf;fspd; cz;ikia mwpayhk;. Vw;nfdNt $wpa
cz;ikawpjy; jahuhFjy; njhlu;GilaJ ,J. mjhtJ
re; j pg; g jw; F Kd; my; y J jpl; l tpsf; f j; j pw; F Kd;
nra;a Ntz;ba nray;. Mdhy;> ,g;NghJk;
cz;ikawpa Ntz;Lk;. cz;ikawpjy; ,uz;Ltiffspy;
elf;fNtz;Lk; Xd;W thbf;ifahsUila $w;W. kw;wJ
ehk; ftdpg;g J. ehk; Nfl;Fk; Nfs;tpfs; midj;jpw;Fk;
cz;ikahd gjpy; fpilf;fhky; Nghfyhk;.
vdNt $w; i w xUGwKk; ehk; ftdpj; J mwpe; j ij
kw;nwhUGwKk; itj;J cz;ikawpa Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW
cz; i kawpjypdhy; ehk; jtwhd jpirapy; nry; t J
jtpu;f;fg;gLk;.
tpsf;fpf; $wypd;NghJ ftdpf;f Ntz;bait:

1. thbf;ifahsu; ftdk; ek;iktpl;L mfyhj tz;zk;
tpsf;f Ntz;Lk;.
2. xt;nthU tpsf;fj;jpd; NghJk; ehk; thbf;ifahsupd;
Kfghtq;fis ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
3. ng Uk;ghYk; ehk; thbf;ifa hsupd; fz ;fisg;
ghu;j;Jjhd; NgrNtz;Lk;.
4. xt; n thU jftypd; KbtpYk; thbf; i fahsuplk;
xg; G jy; thq; f p mLj; j jftYf; F nry; y Ntz; L k; .
cjhuzj; j pw; f ; F > mtuplk; Foe; i jfspd; cau;
gbg; g pw; f ;F 20 yl; r k; Ntz; L k; vd; W $Wtij
mtuplk;> “rhu; vjpu; fhyj;jpy; cq;fs; Foe;ijfspd;
Nkw; g bg; gpw; f; F &20 yl; rk; Njitg; g Lk; my; y th?”
vd; W Nfl; L gpd; d u; mtuJ xg; G jYf; F gpwFjhd;
ehk; mLj;j jftiy njuptpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
5. Njitahd Neuj; j py; Njitahd rhd; W fs; kw; W k;
gpujpfis fhz;gpf;fTk;. ,tw;iw tpsf;Fjypd; NghJ
cq; f s; ifapNyNa itj; J tpsf; f Tk; . khwhf
mtuJ ifapy; nfhLj; J tpl; l hy; mtu; ftdk;
mjpy; gjpe;J cq;fsJ mLj;j njhlu;jiy
jhkjg; g Lj; Jk; . Mdhy; > mtu; tpUk; gpdhy; epr; rak;
mtuplk; rhd;Wfis nfhLf;fNtz;Lk;.
6. cq; f sJ fhfpjq; f isAk;> gpujpfisAk;> kw;w
nghUs;fisAk; tpsf;Fjypd;NghJ kpfTk; ftdkhf
i fa hsT k ; . v e; j fhuz j ; j hY k ; ,e; j j Uz k;
,ilA+wpd;wp ghu;j;Jf;nfhs;sTk;.
7. xt;nthU fl;lj;jpYk; mJtiu $wpatw;iw xUKiw
RUf;fpf;$wTk; (Summary).
RUf;fpf; $Wjy; vd;gJ> cq;fsJ Ngr;rpy; cs;s
njhlu;r;rpia cWjpnra;Ak;. cjhuzj;jpw;f;F> Nrkpg;Gk;
fhg;gPLk;; mtrpak; vd;gijAk;> vjpu;fhy
Njitg; g hLfisAk; mjd; nghUshjhu kjpg; i gAk; >
mjw;f;fhz jpl;lkpLjiy $wpAs;sPu;> vd
itj;Jf;nfhs;Nthk;.
,g;nghOJ mtuplk;> “rhu;> ehk; ,Jtiu Nrkpg;G
k w ; W k ; f hg; gP l; b d ; m t r p a j ; i j g h u; j ; Nj h k ; . g p d ;
vjpu; fhyj; j py; cq; fsJ Foe; i jfspd; Nkw;g bg; G ve;j
tUlk; tUk; vd; g ijAk; > mjw; f ; F vt; t sT gzk;
mg; NghJ Njit vd; g ijAk; > cq; fsJ Xa; T fhyKk;
mg;NghJ Njitg;gLk; njhifiaAk; njupe;Jnfhz;Nlhk;.
nkhj; jkhf ,it midj; j pw; f; Fk; Njitg;g Lk; fhg; gPL
kw;Wk; jpl;lj;jpidAk; ehk; ghu;j;Njhk;” vd;W RUf;fkhf
$wNtz; L k; . ,t; t hW nra; t jhy; > ehk; ciwahlypd;
njhlu;r;rp tpl;Lg; Ng hfhky; nra;fpNwhk;. ,J kpf
Kf;fpakhd nray; MFk;.
,g; n ghOJ ehk; fhg; g P L > gpupkpak; kw; W k; rpy tif

jpl;lq;fis jhahupf;Fk; Kiwia ghu;g;Nghk;.
t h b f; i fa h s U f; F M A s; fh g; gP L v j w ;f h f
Ntz; L k; ? mtu; vjpu; g huhjtpjkhf ,wf; f Neupl; l hy; >
mtiur;rhu; e;j tu;fs; nghUshjhu neUf; fbia re;j pf;f
$lhJ vd;gNj Kf;fpa Fwpf;Nfhs; my;yth?
mg; g bnadpy; > mjpfkhd Nrkpg; G kw;W k; nrhj; J
itj;jpUg;gtUf;F MAs; fhg;gPL Njitapy;iyah? vd;w
re; Njfk; cq; fSf; F tuyhk; . thbf; i fahsu; ,wf; F k;
gl;rj;jpy;> mtUila nrhj;Jf;fs; flidtpl mjpfkhf
cs; sgl; rj; jpy;> mtUf; F MAs;fhg;gPL mtrpakpy;iy.
Mdhy; > ek; ehl; by; vj; jidNgu; mj; jifa trjpAld;
,Uf;fpwhu;fs;? ePq;fs; re;jpf;Fk; egupy; 100y; XupUtUf;F
kl;LNk mbg;gilj; Njitf;Fk; mjpfkhd nrhj;Jf;fs;
,Uf;Fk;.
vg;gb ehk; MAs; fhg;gPl;Lj; njhifia fzf;fPL
nra; t J? gpd; tUk; jfty; f s; %yk; ehk; fhg; g P l ; L j;
Njitia fzf;fplyhk;.
1. thbf; i fahsUila FLk; g j; j pd; khjhe; j pu nryT.
(FLk;gk; elj;j mj;jpahtrpar; nryTfs;.)
,e;j njhifia 120My; ngUf;fpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
cjhuzk; khjhe;jpu FLk;gr; nryT &15000 vdpy; 15000
x 120 = 18>00>000. mjhtJ 18yl;rj;jpd; 8 rjtl;b &
12000. (khjhe;jpu nryTf;fhd njhif)
2. md; w a jpdk; fld; fSila kjpg; G. cjhuzj; j pw; F

thbf; i fahsUf; F & 15 yl; r j; j pw; F tP l ; L f; f ld; > 2
yl; r k; fhu; Nyhd; > 1 yl; r k; gu; r dy; Nyhd; > fpnubl;
fhu;L fld; &35000 vdpy;> nkhj;j fld;fspd; kjpg;G &.
1 8 > 3 5 > 00 0 . ,e; j nj hi fi a f z f; fpL t j hy ; > e hk ;
thbf; i fahsUila flDf; f hd khjhe; j pu re; j hit
Nru;f;f Ntz;lhk;.
3. vjpu;fhyj; Njitfspd; kjpg;G. cjhuzj; j pw; F

thbf;ifahsUf;F 5 tajpy; xU kfDk;> 2 tajpy; xU
kfSk; ,Ue;jhy;> mtu;fSila Nkw;gbg;G
mtu; f Sila 18k; tajpy; Jtq; F k; . KiwNa 13k;
tUlk; kw; W k; 16k; tUlk; . Nkw; g bg; G Jtf; f j; j pw; F
vt;tsT gzk; Njitg;gLk; vd;gij Njhuhakhf ruhrup
gztPf;fj;ij itj;J fzf;fplyhk;. ,d;W xU nghupap
ay; fy; Y }upapy; gapy Njitahd njhif &5 yl; r k; .
vdpy;> 13 Mz;Lfs; fopj;J vt;tsT Njitg;gLk;?
gztPf;fk; ruhrup 8 rjk;. mjhtJ> 9 tUlq;fspy;
,ul;bg;ghFk;. 9 tUlk; fopj;J 10 yl;rKk;> 13k;
tUlj;jpy; 13>60>000k; Njitg;gLk;. ,uz;lhk; Foe;ijf;F
16k; tUlj; j py; &. 18 yl; r Kk; Njitg; g Lk; . Mdhy;
,it Kjpu; t hfj; j hd; tuNtz; L k; . jw; N ghija ,U
Nkw;gbg;gpd; kjpg;G &10 yl;rk; kl;LNk.
,JNghyNt Foe;ijapd; jpUkzr; nryT.
cjhuzj;jpw;F ngz;Foe;ijapd; jpUkzk; 24k; tajpy;
elf;Fk; vd;W epidj;jhy;> ,d;Dk; 22 tUlj;jpy; gzk;
Njit. md;wa kjpg;gpy; & 20 yl;rKk;> ,d;wa kjpg;gpy;
& 4 y l; rK k ; Nj i t v d; W i tj ; Jf; n fhs; Nt hk ; .
,g;NghJ vjpu;fhyj;Njitf;fhd jw;Nghja njhif &. 10
yl;rKk; 4 yl;rKk;. mjhtJ 14 yl;rk;.
4. Xa;T+jpaj;jpw;fhd njhif.
cjhuzj;jpw;F thbf;ifahsUf;F 35 taJ vd;W
itj;Jf;nfhs;Nthk;> mtUila 5 taJ kfd;> ,d;Dk;
17 tUlq;fspy; fy;Y}up Kbj;J Ntiyf;F
nrd; W tpLthd; . 22 tUlq; f spy; kfSf; F k; jpUkzk;
MfpapUf;Fk;. mjhtJ thbf;i fahsu;> jdJ 57k; ta-
j py ; k fspd; j pUk z j ; i j elj ; j papUg; g hu; . mj d;
gpwF ,Uf;Fk; xUrpy tp\aq;fis mLj;j 3
tUlq;fspy; nra;jhYk;> mtu; 60 k; tajpy;
Xa;ntLf;fyhk;. mjhtJ ,d;wpypUe;J 25 tUlk; fopj;J
Xa; n tLf; f yhk; . ,d; W tajhd jk; g jpfSf; F ruhrup
khjr; n ryT (nrhe; j tP l hf ,Ue; j hy; ) & 7000. vdpy;
tUlk; 84000. ,ju nryTfis Nru;j;jhy; ,d;wa Njit
tUlk; & 1 yl; r k; . ,d; D k; 25 tUlq; f spy; ,jd;
kjpg; G & 4 yl; r khf ,Uf; F k; . ,e; j tUlk; 4 yl; rk;
ruhrup 8 rjtP j j; j py; fpilf; f Ntz; L k; vd; w hy; > 50
yl; r k; gzk; Njit. ,e; j 50 yl; r k; Kjpu; t hf 25
Mz; L fSf; F g; g pd; fpilf; f Ntz; L k; . Mdhy; ,d; w a
kjpg;G & 6.25 yl;rq;fNs.
,ij ehk; Vd; fzf;fpy; vLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;why;>
thbf;ifahsu; ,we;jhYk; mtuJ kidtpf;F Xa;T+jpak;
Njitg;gLk; my;yth?
,g; NghJ Nkw; $wpaitfspd; jw; Nghja kjpg; i g
$l;Lq;fs;.
khjhe;jpu nryTf;fhd njhif & 18>00>000
fld;fspd; nkhj;j njhif & 18>35>000
fy;tp kw;Wk; jpUkzj;jpw;fhd njhif & 14>00>000
Xa;T+jpaj;jpw;fhd njhif & 6>25>000
nkhj;jk; & 56>60>000
Mdhy;> thbf;ifahsUf;F & 5 yl;rk; kjpg;Gs;s
xU ,lKk;> tq;fp> gpuhtpld; gz;L> gpw KjyPL Mfpad
kjpg;G & 8 yl;rk; vd;w hy;> epfu fhg;gP l;Lj; njhif &
56>60>000-13>00>000 = 43>60>000.
thbf; i fahsUf; F & 43 yl; r q; f Sf; F MAs;
fhg; g P L Njit. NkYk; ehk; NkNy ghu; j ; j J Nghy; >
Fwpg;gpl;; l fhyj;j py; Fwpg;gpl; l msT Kjpu;T k; Njit.
mjw; Nfw;w thW ehk; jdpj;j dp jpl; lq; fisNah my; yJ
xUrpy jpl;lq;fs; %yNkh jpl; lkplyhk;. ,g;NghJ ehd;
xU cjhuzj;jpw;fhf jpl;l tbtikg;G nra;fpNwd;.
fld; kw; W k; khjhe; j pur; nryTf; f hd fhg; gP l; L j;
njhif & 36>35>000. ,J kpf mj;jpahtrpakhdJ. ve;j
#oypYk; ,jd; fhg; g P l ; L gpupkpak; jilglf; $lhJ.
vdNt ehd; 40 yl; r j; j pw; f hd Nlu; k ; ghyp]p vLf; f
gupe; Jiug; Ngd; . 40 yl; rj; j pw; F Nlu; k ; ghyp]p gpupkpak;
Njhuhakhf &.12>000 ,Uf;Fk;.
mLj; j jhf xU A+ypg; jpl; l j; j py; > fy; t p kw; W k;
jpUkzj;jpw;F Kjpu;T fpilf;FkhWk;> mjw;fhd kjpg;ig
fhg;gPl;L njhifahfTk; vLf;fr;nra;Ntd;. ghyp]p fhyk;
22 tUlq;fs;. Njitf;Nfw;g gzk; vLf;Fk; trjp A+ypg;
ghyp]papy; cz; L . fhg; g P l ; L njhif & 15 yl; r k; .
gpupkpak; & 60>000 (tUlk;).
mLj;jjhf xU Xa;T+jpaj;jpl;lk;. fhg;gPl;L njhif
& 6.25 yl;rk;. gpupkpak; tUlk; & 28000. ghyp]p fhyk;
25 tUlq;fs;. nkhj;jk; 3 jpl;lq;fs;> gpupkpak; tUlk; &
1 yl;rk;. mjhtJ khjk; &8>330 kl;LNk.
,t;thW jpl;lkpLjypd; %yk;> thbf;ifahsUila
midj;J NjitfisAk; XusT jPu;f;fyhk;. NkYk; A+ypg;
rhu;e;j jpl;lq;fspy; Nky; KjyPL (lhg; mg;)
trjp ,Ug;gjhy;> tUkhdk; cau cau Nrkpg; i g
cau;j;jyhk;.
ve;j xU tpw;gi dANk thbf;ifa hsUila
Njitia G+u; j ; j p nra; a Nt. vdNt eP q ; f s; cq; f sJ
thbf; i fahsuplk; cs; s Njitia fz; L gpbAq; f s;
my;yJ Njitia cUthf;Fq;fs;. mt;thW my;yhky;>
v j ; j i d K i w eP q ; fs ; K a d ; w hY k ; > r u pa h d n j h U
tpw;gid KOikahf;fiy ePq;fs; mila KbahJ.
,t; t hW eP z ; l ehs; jpl; l q; f is toq; F tjhy; >
cq; f Sf; F mjpf ehs; nudpty; fkp\d; fpilf; F k; .
Mdhy; ePz;lehs; jpl;lq;fSf;F thbf;ifahsu; xg;Gjy;
mspg; g jpy; i y. mij rkhspf; f xU top> mtUila
tUkhdk; fle;j 10 tUlq;fspy; vt;tsT cau;e;Js;sJ
vd; W fzf; f plr; nrhy; Y q; f s; . Fiwe; j J 4 klq; f hf
MfpapUf; Fk; . vdNt jw; NghJ Rikahf njupAk; ,e; j
gpupkpak; vjpu; fhyj; j py; kpf vspjhd njhifahf
khwyhk; vd; g ij njspTgLj; j p> cq; f sJ jpl; l j; j py;
VNjDk; tisTj; j d; i k ,Ug; g pd; mijAk; $wpdhy; >
ePz;lfhyj;jpl;lq;fis thq;f thbf;ifahsu; rk;kjpg;ghu;.
jpl;lq;fis tiue;J tpsf;fpf; $Wk; Kiw:
eP q ; f s; jpl; l q; f is tpsf; F k; NghJ fP o ; f z; l
Kiwapy; tiue; J tpsf; f pdhy; thbf; i fahsUf; F
v s pj p y ; G up A k ; . r py cj h uz q ; f i s Ak ; m tw ; i w
tpsf;Fk; glj;jpidAk; fhzyhk;. Nkw;$wpa
thbf; i fahsUf; F > fy; t p kw; W k; jpUkzj; Njitia
tpsf;f>
gpupkpak; tUlk; & 60>000 kw;Wk;

,d;WKjy; Nky; KjyPl;L trjp.
fhg;gPL 15 yl;rk;.
tUlq;fs;...
,d;W 13 15 22
kfdpd; Nkw;gbg;G kfspd; Nkw;gbg;G kfspd; jpUkzk;

Kjpu;T 13 yl;rk; Kjpu;T 18 yl;rk; 20 yl;rk;
Xa;T+jpaj;ij tpsf;f:
fPo;fz;l glj;ij tiue;J Xa;T+jpaj;jpl;lj;ij
tpsf;fyhk;.
Fund
35 taJ 60 taJ
gpupkpak; nrYj;Jk; fhyk; ngd;rd; ngWk; fhyk;.
fhg;gPl;L njhif 6.25 yl;rq;fs;. ,wf;Fk; jUthapy;

fhg;gPl;Lj;njhif Fiwe;jgl;r ,og;gPlhf jug;gLk;.
thbf; i fahsupd; fzf; F j; njhif (gz; L Nty; A +)
$Ltij fP o ; f z; l thW tpsf; f yhk; . cjhuzj; j pw; F
Nkw;$wpa fy;tp kw;Wk; jpUkzj;jpw;fhd fhg;gPL kw;Wk;
Nrkpg;Gj; jpl;lj;ij vLj;Jf;nfhs;Nthk;.
fzf;fpYs;s Kjpu;T kw;Wk; gFjp vLg;gjw;fhd njhif
,d;W 13 15 22
tUlq;fs;...
kfdpd; Nkw;gbg;G kfspd; Nkw;gbg;G kfspd; jpUkzk;

Kjpu;T 13 yl;rk; Kjpu;T 18 yl;rk; 20 yl;rk;
,t;thW tiuglq;fs; %yk; tpsf;Ftjhy;> ,uz;L

ed; i kfs; cs; s d. 1. thbf; i fahsu; vspjpy; Gupe; J
nfhs; t hu; . 2. tiuglk; %yk; tpsf; F k; NghJ ehKk;
Kiwahf xd;wd; gpd; xd;whf tpsf;f KbAk;.
,J Nghd;W ePq;fNs rkPgj;jpy; re;jpj;j egu;fspd;
Njitf; Nfw;g jpl;lq;fis tbtikj;J tiuglk; %yk;
tpsf; f p gapw; r ; r p vLj; J f; nfhs; S q; f s; . eP q ; f s; 15
egu; f Sf; F ,t; t hW tiuglk; %yk; tpsf; F tjhf
gapw;r;rp vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Kjpu;Tj; njhif ,q;F Njhuhakhf
$wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ePq;fs; Kjpu;Tj; njhiff;Nfw;w gpupkpak;
my;yJ gpupkpaj;jpw;Nfw;w Kjpu;Tj;njhifia murhq;fk;
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s tuk;ghd 6 Kjy; 10 rjtPjj;jpw; Fs;shf
Fwpg;gpLq;fs;.
NkNy $wpa cjhuzq;fs; xU Nkw;NfhSf;fhfNt
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,tw;iw cjhuzkhf vLj;J ePq;fs;
jpl;lkpl Ntz;Lk;.
,t;thW tpsf;fpf; $Wk; NghJ Vw;gLk;
re; N jfq; f s; kw; W k; njspTiufis $batiu clNd
jP u ; j ; J itAq; f s; . cq; f Sf; F ed; F njupe; j dtw; w pw; F
gjpy; $Wq;fs;. njupahjtw;wpw;F mq;fpUe;Nj
thbf;ifahsu; mDkjpAld; cau; mjpfhupfis njhlu;G
nfhz;L tpilfhZq;fs;.
thbf;ifahsu; ,g;NghJ 3 tpjkhd kdepiyapy;
,Uf; f yhk; . 1. mtUf; F VNjNjh fhuzq; f Sf; f hf
ghyp]p vLf;Fk; kdepiyapy; ,y;yhky; ,Uf; fyhk;. 2.
NkYk; Nahrpj; J my; y J MNyhrpj; J gpd; d u; ghyp]p
vLf;f epidf;fyhk;. 3. ey;y jpl;lkhf fUjp mg;NghNj
ghyp]p vLf; f yhk; . filrp ,uz; L KbTfSk; ekf; F
rhjfkhdNj. Kjyhk; KbT vd; w hYk; njhlu;gpy;
,Ug;gJ ey;yJ. vd;whtJ ekf;F rhjfkhf mikAk;.
jpl;lk; vLj;jiy Kd;nkhopjy;:
ekJ thbf; i fahsu; jpl; l j; j pid tpUk; G jy;

njupe;jhy;> cldbahd> nkJthf jpl;lj;jpid
cWjpnra;Ak; eltbf;ifia nra;aTk;. Kjypy; gpupkpa
njhifia fzf; f pl; L mtuplk; $wp> ve; j Kiwapy;
nrYj; j tpUk; G fpwhu; vd; W Nfl; f Tk; . (gzkhfth>
fhNrhiyah) ,J kpf Kf; f pa jUzk; . jtW VJk;
Vw;glf;$lhJ. mtu; mtfhrk; Ntz;Lk; vd;W $wpdhy;>
nkd; i kahf vjw; f hf mtfhrk; Ntz; L k; vd; g ij
mwpaTk; . NtnwhU cj;j p> tpz; z g; g gbtj;i j vLj; J
G+u;j;jp nra;a cjTkhW Nfl;fTk;. ,t;tpU Kaw;rpANk
jpl;lk; (ghyp]p) vLf;FkhW Nfl;Fk; Kaw;r;rpfNs!
clNd mtu; mtfhrk; Nfl; fyhk; . mtu; Nfl; Fk;
mtfhrk; KbntLf; f Nth> gzk; jahu; nra; a Nth>
gpwuplk; MNyhrpf;fNth kw;Wk; vjw;fhf Ntz;LkhdhYk;
,Uf;fyhk;. fhuzk; cq;fSf;F njupe;jhy; jhd; mLj;j
efu; T vd; d vd; g ijAk; eP q ; f s; KbntLf; f KbAk; .
my;yJ mtu; gzk; vd;Nwh> fhNrhiy vd;Nwh $wpdhy;>
ehk; Kd; G $wpaJ Nghy; mLj; J tpz;z g;g gbtj; ij
vLj; J mtuplk; > “rhu; > ehk; ,e; j jpl; l j; j pid vLf; f >
Kjypy; ,e; j gbtj; i j G+u; j ; j p nra; a Ntz; L k; vd; W
$wp tpz;zg;gk; G+u;j;jp nra;a
Njitahd jfty;fis NrfupAq;fs;. mt;thW
tpz;zg;gj;ij G+u;j;jpnra;a xj;Jioj;jhy; tpw;g;gid 90
rjk; KOikaile; j jhFk; . my; y J NtW fhuzq; f s;
my;yJ mtUf;F ,Uf;Fk; re;Njfq;fs; my;yJ kWg;ig
( objection ) fhz; g pj; ; j hy; > me; j kWg; G vd; d vd; g ij
gzpTlDk; ftzKlDk; NfSq;fs;. ehk; kpf vspjhf
k W g; i g i fa hsy hk ; . k W g;i g i fa hSj y ; g w; w p
gpd;tUk; gf;fq;fspy; fhzyhk;.
jpl; lk; vLj;j iy Kd;nkhopjy; vd;g J tpw;g id
K Oi k a hf; Fk ; K a w ; r; rp v d; w hY k ; > ,e; j nra y ;
thbf; i fahsupd; kdepiyia mwpaNt ngUk; g hYk;
cjTfpwJ.
ehk; tpsf; f pf; $Wk; NghJ rup rup vd; W $Wk;
gyu; tpz; z g; g g; gbtj; i j vLj; j clNdNa jw; f hg; G
epiyf;F Ngha;tpLthu;fs;.
ehk; jpl;lk; vLj;jiy Kd;nkhoptJ kpf
Kf; f pakhd mLj; j fl; l j; i jAk; > ehk; mLj; J vd; d
nra; a Ntz; L k; vd; g ijAk; njspTgLj; J k; . vdNt
ePq;fs; khWgl;l gjpy; fpilj;jhYk; re; Njh\g;gLq;fs;.
Vndd;why; tpw;gid KOikailtJ jilg;gltpy;iy>
rw;W js;spg; NghAs;sJ.
thbf; i fahsu; ghyp]p vLg; g ij jil nra; a
gy; N tW fhuzpfs; cs; s d vd; g ij ed; w hf Gupe; J
nfhs; S q; f s; . mit vJthf ,Ue; j hYk; mtw; w pd;
mtrpak; thbf; i fahsUf; F kl; L Nk njupAk; . ,e; j ep
iyapy; eP q ; f s; tpw; g idf; f hf VNjDk; tw; G Wj; j y;
nra;jhy;> thbf;ifahsu; ntWg;gilthu;. rpy Neuq;fspy;
tpw;gidf;fhf ehk; nra;Ak; tw;GWj;jy; ekJ
njhlu;igNa Jz;bf;FksT Ngha;tpLk;.
ehk; Kd;G fz;lJNghy;> ,e;j epiyapy;
mNdfkhd thbf;ifahsu;> kWg;igj;jhd; njuptpg;ghu;fs;.
kWg;ghdJ jw;NghJ ghyp]pia thq;Ftjh? gpwF
ghu;f;fyhkh? vd;Nwh> ghyp]pNa Ntz;lhk;
vd;Nwh ,Uf;fyhk;. ,ij xU rpyu; jhd; ntspg;gilahf
$Wthu; f s; . mNdfk; N gu; NtWrpy fhuzq; f isj; j hd;
$Wthu;fs;. mt;thW $Wk; fhuzq;fs; kWg;Gfs;
vdg; g Lk; . ,it thbf; i fahsupd; vz; z ntspg; g hL
vdNt ehk; ek;gpf;ifAld; kWg;ig ifahs Ntz;Lk;.
tpsf;fpf;$wypd; gbepiyfs;:
mwpKfk;> Jtf;fk;
FWtpsf;fk;(Kd;Diw)
mwpjy;
tp
U
tpsf;fpf;$wy; k;
g
tp
y;
iy
jpl;lk; tpUk;gg;gLjiy cWjpnra;jy;
tpUg;gk;
tpw;gid KOik
ahf;Fjy;.
tpw;gidf;Fg;gpwF
Nrit
kWg;Gfis ifahSjy; (objection handling)
kWg; G fspd; w p MAs; f hg; g P l ; L tzpfk; epfo; t J
Mapuj;jpy; xUKiwjhd;. vdNt
vg;NghJk; kWg;Gfis vjpu;ghUq;fs;.
kWg;Gfs; ,Utifg;gLk;. 1. cz;ikahd kWg;G
2. cz;ikaw;w kWg;G.
1. cz; i kahd kWg; G : ,it ngUk; g hYk; jpl; l j; i j

my;yJ epWtdj;ijg;gw;wpa re;NjfNkh> gzk;
,d;ikNah> gpwuplk; MNyhridngWtNjh ,Uf;fyhk;.
,tw;iw ehk; Neu;ikahf mZFtjd; %yKk;> ekJ
cau; mjpfhupfspd; cjtpAlDk; rkhspj;J
tpw;gidia KOikailar; nra;ayhk;. ngUk;ghYk;
kWg;Gfs; ek;jpl;lj;jpy; mtu; vjpu;ghu;j;j
xd;W ,y;yhjjhNyh my;yJ ek;jpl;lj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;
xd;W Fiwghlhf fUJtjhNyh tUk;. ,tw;iw ehk;
gpw epiwfis J}f;fp epWj;Jtjd; %yk;
r k h s p f ; fy h k ; . m y ; y J m t u J j t w h f G u p e ; J
nfhs;SjyhYk; kWg;G tuyhk;. vdNt cz;ikahd
kWg; G fs; rkhspf; f vspjhditNa. ekf; F nghU
ikAk; jpwikAk; kl;Lk; kpf mtrpak;.
2. cz; i kaw ; w kWg;G: thbf;ifahsu; V Njh xU
fhuzk; nrhy;yp ek;ik tpyf;f epidg;gij
cz; i kaw; w kWg; G vd; W $wyhk; . ,ij ntd; W
tzpfj;ij KOikahf;f ehk; ed;kjpg;NghL
njhlu; e; J mtiu re;j pg; g Nj xNu top. ngUk; g hYk;
cz;ikaw;w kWg;Gfs; cq;fsplk; cz;ikia $w
tpUk;ghjjhy; epfo;fpd;wd. ,J rpy rkak; cq;fis
tUj ; j g; g lhk y; nra; a T k; elf; Fk; . Mi fa hy;
thbf;ifahsu; vOg;Gk; vj;jifa kWg;gpw;Fk; cupa
k j pg; g s pj ; J n ra y ; g L q ; fs; . c q ; fs J ,y f; F
tpw;gidia kOikahf;Ftjpy;jhd; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
kWg;Gfis ifahStjw;F epiwa top-
KiwfSk;> nghJthd kWg;GfSf;F gjpy;fSk;
cs;sd. Mdhy; ehk; ,tw;iw kddk; nra;J $Wtjhy;
gadpy; i y. vdNt> kWg; Gfspd; jd; i kiag; nghUj; J
mtw;iw fPo;fz;lthW tifg;gLj;jp Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s Kiw
ia ifahz; L ntw; w pngwyhk; . Mdhy; ehk; Kd; G
$w pa J Ng hy th b f; i fa hsupd; ntspr; nrhy ; y hj
kWg;Gfis ekJ mDgtj;jpd; %yNk vspjpy;
mwpayhk;.
1. jtwhf Gupe;Jnfhs;jy;: ehk; $wpajpy; VjhtJ xU

fUj; i jNah> jpl; l j; j py; cs; s tpjpKiwfisNah
thbf;ifahsu; jtwhf Gupe;Jnfhs;tJ ,e;j
tifg;gLk;. ,ij ifahs> ehk; Nghjpa Mjhuq;fis
fhz;gpj;J tpsf;fpdhNy thbf;ifahsu;
xg;Gf; n fhs;thu;. ,j;jifa kWg;G ngUk;ghYk;
cz;i kahd kWg; g hfj;j hd; ,Uf; Fk;. vdNt ,ij
ifahs; t J Rygk; . Mdhy; > thbf; i fahsu; rpy
rkak; ,ij ntspapy; $whkNyNa ,Uf; f yhk; .
mtuJ kWg; i g ntspf; n fhz; L tu ciuahlYk; >
ed;F ftdpj;jYk; mtrpak;.
2. ek;gpf;ifapd;ik: ehk; $wpa fUj;ijNah> jpl;lj;jpy;
cs;s ga d; fi sNah> epW tdj;i j g; gw;w pNa h>
g hJf hg; G mk ; rq ; fs; g w ; w pNa h th bf; i fa hsu;
re;Njfg;gLjy;. ,e;j kWg;ig ehk; cupa
Mtzq; f is fhz; g pg; g jd; %yk; ifahsyhk; .
ngUk; g hYk; ,j; j ifa kWg; G fis nty; y rw; W
mjpfkhf ciof;f Ntz;bapUf;Fk;. MdhYk; cupa
jfty;fs; fhz;gpf;fg;gl;lhy;> tpw;gid KO
ikailAk;. 2004k; tUlk; xU kj;jpa muR nghwpap
ay; mjpfhup mtUila re;Njfq;fis kiwKfkhf
xj;jpg;NghLtjd; %yk; ntspg;gLj;jpdhu;. ehd; mtuJ
xj;jpg;NghLjypd; fhuzk; ek;gpf;ifapd;ikjhd; vd;W
Gupe;J nfhz;Nld;. gpd;du; mtuplk; vq;fsJ
epWtdj; j pd; ,izajs KftupAk; jfty; mwpAk;
,izg;GfisAk; tpsf;fpNdd;. mij mtu;
tpUk; g pdhu; . Mdhy; mtu; rpy ehl; f s; vLj; J f;
nfhz;lhu;. xUthuk; fopj;J mtiu ehd;
njhlu;G nfhz;lNghJ ,d;Dk; ghu;f;ftpy;iy vd;whu;.
ehd; mtupd; mDkjp ngw; W mtu; tP l ; b w; ; f ; F
nrd; W mtuJ fzpzpapy; midj; J Mtzq; fisAk;
fhz;gpj;Njd;. md;Nw mtu; FLk;gj;jpdu; midtUf;Fk; 4
ghyp]pfis vLj; j hu; . ,e; j epfo; r; rpapd; %yk; vdf;F
Gyg; g l; l J vd; d ntd; w hy; > thbf; i fahsUf; F Nghjpa
mtfhrk; nfhLj; j hy; KO gad; fpilf; F k; . NkYk;
mtuJ kdk; jpUg;jpailahky; tpw;gidf;F
rk;kjpf;fkhl;lhu;.
thbf;i fahsu; mtuJ Njitf; F mtu;f; F rpuk-
kpy;yhj Neuj;jpy; kl;LNk tpw;gidia mDkjpg;ghu;.
3. FiwghL: ,e; j tif kWg; G> ekJ jpl; lj;j py; cs;s
xU rYifia my;yJ gaid Fiwghlhf epidg; g J.
cjhuzj;jpw;f;F MAs;fhg;gPl;L jpl;lq;fspy;
fhg; gP L ,Uf; F k; . mjdhy; fhg; gP l; b w; f hd fl; l zq; fs;
(mortality charges) t#ypf;fg;gLk;. ,ij thbf;ifahsu;
xU Fiwghlhf fUjyhk;. Vndd;why;> fhg;gPl;Lf;
fl; lzq; fs; Kjpu; i tf; Fiwf; Fk; . ,e; j kWg;i g ehk;
,Utopfspy; ifahsyhk;.
fhg;gPL ,y;yhj NtWxU jpl;lj;ij gupe;Jiug;gJ
my;yJ fhg;gPl;bdhy; tUk; gyd;fis gykhd
Nk w ; Nfhs; fhl; b Vw ;W f; nfhs; si tg;gJ. mj htJ
Fiwghil njuptpj;jJk;> ngUk;ghYk; kw;w rYiffis
rPu; J}f;fp fhz;gpj;jNy rpwe;j top. mg;gbAk;
rk;k jpf; fhj rkaj;j py;j hd; NtWjpl; lj;ij gupe;Jiuf; f
Ntz;Lk;. ePq;fs; cldbahf NtW jpl;lj;ij
gupe;Jiuj;jhy;> cq;fs; Nky; ek;gpf;if Vw;glhJ. vdNt
ehd; Kd;G $wpaJNghy;> thbf;ifahsUf;F ve;j jpl;lk;
Vw;w J vd;W Kd;$l;bNa Nahrpj;J rpwe;j jpl;lj;jpid
gupe;Jiug;gJ ed;W. Kjypy; ekf;F ,e;j
jpwik ,y;iy vd;why;> ekJ Nkyjpfhupapd; cjtpia
ehLtJ ghJfhg; g hdJ. tpw; g id KOikahf; fy; ekJ
Fwpf;Nfhshf ,Ue;jhYk; mij newpjtwhky;
nra;tJjhd; ey;yJ.
Mdhy; rpy thbf; i fahsu; f s; Ntz; L nkd; N w
FiwghL $Wtjd; %yk; tpw;gidapypUe;J jg;gpf;fyhk;
vd;W epidf;fyhk;. nghUikfhj;J njhlu;jNy top.
4. Njitapy; i y vd epidg; g J: nghJthf MAs;
fhg; g P l ; L j; jpl; l q; f is Njitapy; y hj xd; w hfj; j hd;
gyUk; Jtf; f j; j py; epidg; g hu; f s; . mjhtJ kuzk;
vy;NyhUf;Fk; tUk; vd;gJ njupe;jhYk; ekf;Fk; tuyhk;
vd;gij czu;e;jtu; FiwNt.
ekJ jpl;lj;ijNah> mjpYy;y rpy gad;fisNah
Njitaw; w J vd thbf;i fahsu; epidg; g J. Nkw; fz;l
Fiwghl; b w; F k; Njitapy; i y vd; g jw; F k; tpj; j pahrk;
cs; s J. mjhtJ FiwghL vd; g J mJ ,Ug; g jhy;
vjpu;ghu;f;fFk; gad; FiwAk; vd epidg;gJ.
Njit ,y;iy vd;gJ mij kOikahf kWg;gJ. ,e;j
kWj;jiy ehk; ifahs> kw;w rYiffs; gpbj; Js; sjh
vd;gij xg;Gjy; thq;f Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW vj;jid gpw
rYiffs; gpbj; Js; sJ vd; W xg; Gjy; thq;FfpNwhNkh>
mijg; n ghUj; J ehk; thbf; i fahsiu ,e; j Njit
apy; i y vd epidf; F k; gFjpia nghUj; J f; nfhs; s
Nfhupf;if tpLf;fyhk;. cjhuzj;jpw;f;F> thbf;ifahsu;
A+ypg; ghyp]pfspd; cj;j puthjk; ,d;i kia Ntz; lhj
( N j i t a w ; w ) x d; w hf f Uj p d h y ; > f l e; j f hy y h g
tpfpjq; f is fhz; g pj; J > vjpu; f hy tsu; r ; r p tha; g ; i g
Nkw;Nfhs; fhz;gpj;J> kw;wgpw rYiffshd kiwKfkw;w
j d;ik ( t r a n s p a r e n c y ) > ti sT j;jd;ik ( f l e x i b i l i t y )
Mfpatw; w pd; gad; f isf; $wp tpw; g idia KOik
ahf;fyhk;.
Nkw;$wpathW gytopKiwfs; ,Ue;jhYk;> ,lk;> nghUs;

fUjp nray;gl Ntz;Lk;. rpy Neuq;fspy; ,e;j
El;gq;fs; ngha;f;fyhk;. Mdhy;> cq;fsplk; cz;ikAk;
tplhKaw; r pAk; ,Ue; j hy; > tpw; g id epr; r ak; KOik
ahFk;.
nghJthf tpw;gid Kbj;jy; (sales closing) vd;Wjhd;
$Wthu;fs;. Mdhy; ehd; gy ,lq;fspy; tpw;gid KO-
ikahf;Fjy; (Sales completion) vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Ls;Nsd;.
Vndd;why;> MAs; fhg;gPl;ilg; nghUj;jtiuapy; ghyp]p
vLj;jgpd;du;jhd; thbf;ifahsUf;F ekJ Nrit mjpfk;
Njitg;gLk;. ,J xU ePz;l cwtpd; njhlf;fNk.
ehk; rw; W Kd; ghu; j ; j tiuapy; > ghyp]p toq; f >
thbf;ifahsu; Nghjpa mtfhrk; vLj;Jf;nfhs;thu;. ,J
mtUila KO cupik. ehk; nghU
ikahf ,Ue; j hy; j hd; ekf; F rhjfkhd Kbit mtu;
vLf; f ,aYk; . ehk; Kjypy; Neupy; fz; L tpsf; f pf;
$wpagpd; G k; > mtUila kWj; j iy ifahz; l gpd; G k;
$l gw; g y fhuzq; fSf; f hf tpw; g id KOikahf; fy;
js; s pg; N ghfyhk; . Mdhy; ehk; epjhdkhfTk; > nghU
ikahfTk; mtiuj; njhlu Ntz;Lk;. njhlu
Ntz;Lnkd;why; mtu; gpd;dhNyNa nry;tJ my;y. mtu;
ekJ njhlu;gpNyNa ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
xt;nthU tpsf;fpf;$wYf;Fg; gpd;> ehk; tpw;gid
KOikahf; f Ntz; L k; my; y J mLj; j re; j pg; g pw; f hd
xg; Gj y; thq ; fNtz ; L k; . mLj ;j re; j pg;gpd; Ng hJ
thbf; i fahsUf; F njspthf; f Ntz; b ad my; y J
mtUf;f fhz;gpf;f Ntz;bad my;yJ Ngr Ntz;bad
Mfpatw;iw jPu;khdpj;j gpd;dNu Neupy; tpsf;fpf; $Wk;
nraiy epiwT nra;aNtz;Lk;.
,t;thW nra;tjhy; kl;LNk ehk; vLf;Fk;
Kaw;rpf;F cupa gyd; fpilf;Fk;.
gy re;ju;gq;fspy; thbf;ifahsu; gpwF
ghu;f;fyhk; vd;Wjhd; $Wthu;. Mdhy; ehk; vd;W> vq;F>
ve;jtpj NkYk; tpguq;fSld; re;jpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij
cWjpg;gLj;jpa gpd;dNu Neupy; tpsf;Fjiy epiwTnra;a
Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW nra;tjhy; kl;LNk ehk; mu;j;jKs;s
njhlu;jiy nra;a KbAk;.
njhlu;jy; vd;gJ cq;fsJ nghUikia
Nrhjpf;Fk; xU epfo;thFk;. MAs; fhg;gPl;L Kftu;fSf;F
nghUik Kf; f pa MAjk; my; y th? Neu; f hzy; tiu
vspjhf ,Ue;j tpw;gid gbepiy ,g;NghJ
cq; f Sf; F khWgl; l kdepiyia Vw; g Lj; J k; . rpy
thbf;ifahsu; rupahf xj;Jiog;ghu;. mLj;j
Neu; f hzYf; f hd xg; G jYk; rupahf mspg; g hu; . Mdhy;
ngUk;ghYk;> thbf;ifahsu;fs; fhyk; flj;JtJ Nghyj;
Njhd;Wk;. cz;ikapy; mtuJ vz;zk; cq;fis miy
atpLtJ my;y. mtu; ,d;Dk; kdjstpy; jahuh
ftpy; i y my; y J ekJ jpl; l k; mtiu ftutpy; i y
vd;gJjhd; ngUk;ghYk; cz;ik. Mifahy; njhlu;jy;
vd;gJ tpw;gid nray;Kiwapy; kpf Kf;fpa gbahFk;.
njhlu;jypd; El;gq;fs;:
1. njhiyNgrpapy; njhlu;j y;: njhiyNgrp ciuahly;

vd; g J xU fiy. ekJ thbf; i fahsu; ,g; n ghOJ
ek;ikg; gw;wpAk;> ekJ Nehf;fk; gw;wpAk; mwpe;jpUg;ghu;.
vdNt njhlu; j ypd; NghJ eP q ; f s; ,U tp\aq; f is
epidtpy; itj;jpUq;fs;. 1. cq;fis mtu; kwf;fhjthW
njhlu; gpy; ,Uf; f Ntz; L k; . 2. rupahd #oy; vg; NghJ
fpilj;jhYk; mij gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
vdNt njhiyNgrpapy; njhlu;G nfhz;L
epidTg;gLj;jTk; tpw; gid KOikahf;fYf;F mDkjp
Nfl;fTk; jaq;f Ntz;lhk;. Mdhy; ehk; Kd;G $wpaJ
Nghy ahu; ahiu ve; j Neuq; f spy; njhe; j uT nra; a f;
$lhJ vd;gij njupe;J> cq;fsJ miog;G njhe;juthf
mikahky; ghu;j;Jf;nfhs;sTk;.
,ilg;g l;l fhyj;j py; VNjDk; gz; bif te;j hy;
njhiyNgrpapy tho; j ; Jq; f s; . xt; n thUKiw njhlu; G
nfhs; S k; NghJk; > cq; f is epidTg; gLj; J q; f s; .
,t; t hW nra; t jpdhy; mtu; fhg; gP L nra; Ak; epiyf; F
tUk; rkak; cq;fis kwf;fkhl;lhu;. ehd; Kd;G $wpaJ
Nghy;> Neupy; tpsf;fpf; $Wk; NghJ midj;J
jfty;fisAk; NrfupAq;fs;.
mtu; FLk;gj; j py; ahUf;NfDk; gpwe; j ehs;
mUfpy; tuyhk; my; y J VjhtJ gz; b if tuyhk; .
,ijtpl mupa re;ju;gk; fpilf;fhJ. xt;nthU
ciuahly; kw; W k; re;jpg;gpd; NghJk; ePq;fs; xU
gbNaDk; mtUf; F neUf; f khf Kaw; r p nra; A q; f s; .
ePq;fs; cq;fis tpw;fhky; fhg;gPil tpw;f KbahJ.
2. Neupy; re; j pj; j y; %yk; njhlu; j y; : ,e; j njhlu; j y;
Kiwia ehk; kpfTk; rhJu; a khf ifahs Ntz; L k; .
xj;Jiof;Fk; thbf;ifahsuplk; mDkjp ngw;Nw Neupy;
nry;yhk;.
mtu; vj;jid Kiw tur;nrhd;dhYk;
nry;Yq;fs;. Vndd;why; xt;nthU jpUg;jpahd
thbf;ifahsUf;F gpd; gy thbf;ifahsu; mtu; %yk;
fpilg; g J cWjp. thbf; i fahsuhf tpUg; g kpy; y hky;
cs; s egu; f splKk; ehk; njhlu; g py; ,Uf; f Ntz; L k; .
Vndd;why; jpwikahd tpw;gidahsu; jdJ ve; j
Kaw; rpiaAk; tP z hf; f khl; l hu; . mDkjpapd; w p mtiu
Neupy; re; j pg; g J vjpu; k iwahf KbAk; . mJTk; mtuJ
tPl;bw;F mDkjpapd;wp nry;tJ> mtiu
ntWg;gilar;nra;Ak;.
M d h y ; r py r e; j u; g q ; fi s eP q ; fs; v s pj py ;
gad; g Lj; j pf; nfhs; s yhk; . cjhuzj; j pw; F gz; b if>
gpwe; j ehs; Mfpatw; w p; w ; F VjhtJ cq; f shy; ,ad; w
(thbf; i fahsu; tpUg; g k; njupe; j pUe; j hy; kpf ed; W )
gupRld; Neupy; nry; y yhk; . ,t; t hnwy; y hk; ehk; Vd;
nra; a Ntz; L k; ? ehd; kP z ; L k; nrhy; f pNwd; > eP q ; f s;
cq;fis tpw;fhky; ghyp]pia tpw;f KbahJ.
Vndd; w hy; > jpl; l q; f istpl tpw; g idahsu; Kfkjpg; G
tpw;gid KOikahf;fypy; ngUk; gq;F tfpf;fpwJ.
3. gpw Clfq;fs; %yk; njhlu;jy;: ,e;j Kiwia ehk;

midj; J thbf; i fahsUf; F k; nra; a yhk; . Fwpg; g hf
Ntz; l hnkd; W tpyf; f pa thbf; i fahsiu njhlu; g py;
itf; f Tk; > mtuplk; ed; k jpg; i g ngwTk; ,e; j top
cjtpnra;fpwJ. gpw Clfq;fs; vd;gJ fbjk;>
kpd; d Q; r y; > FWe; j fty; ( SMS) mDg; G jy; kw; W k; gpw
MFk;.
,t;topapy; ehk; vjpu;ghuhj gyd; fpilf;Fk;. ehk;
re;jpf;ifapy; mtupd; ed;kjpg;ig ngwtpy;iy
vd;whYk;> ,k;Kiw apy; ngw K bAk;. ,t;to papy;
gyd;fs; cldbahf fpilf;fhJ. ehk;
nj hlu; r; rpa hf ,k;K i wi a nra; tj hy ;j hd; g yd;
fpilf; F k; . rpy Kiw njhlu; e ; J tpl; L gpd; Neupy;
re;jpj;jhy; ey;y gyd; fpilf;Fk;.
mZFjy;> Neu;fhzy; kw;Wk; njhlu;jy;
Mfpatw;wpd; NghJ ehk; nghJthf rpy xOf;f tpjpfis
filgpbf;f Ntz;Lk;. thbf;ifahsu; vd;W te;Jtpl;lhy;
ahuhf ,Ue;j hYk; mtu; kpfTk; kupahijf;F cupatu; .
Ngr;rpy; nraypy; ehk; fz; z paj; i jiaAk; kupah
ijiaAk; filgpbf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,e; j rkaj; j py; kpfTk; nghUe; J k; xU epfo; T .
2003k; Mz;L vdJ KftUk; ehDk; ntspehl; bypUe; J
te;Js;s mtuJ ez;gupd; kfdplk; ghyp]pgw;wp tpsf;f
mtuJ tP l ; b w; F nrd; w pUe; N jhk; . vdJ Kftu; gioa
epidtpy; kpfTk; mjpfhuj; N jhL thbf; i fahsuplk;
ele;J nfhz;lhu;. thbf;ifahsUk; kupahij epkpj;jkhf
mikjpahf ele;Jnfhz;lhu;. Mdhy; filrptiu ghyp]p
vLf; f Kbatpy; i y. thbf; i fahsu; vdJ Kftuplk;
mofhf fhuzq; fis nrhy; y pte; j hu; . Mdhy; xUthuk;
fopj; J NtWxU KftUf; F mtu; 2yl; r k; gpupkpak;
nrYj;jpaJ njupate;jJ. ehd; Kftuplk;
nrhy; y tpy; i y. vq; f Sf; F gpupkpak; fpilf; f tpy; i y
Mdhy; vdf;F ey;y ghlk; fpilj;jJ.
mZFjypy; ehd; $wpatw;iw xt;nthUKiwAk;
gad; g Lj; J q; f s; . ,g; g b nra; t jd; %yk; > Kjypy;
ntWj; j gy thbf; i fahsu; gpd; d u; FLk; g ez; g uhd
fijfs; Vuhsk;.
njhlu;jiy xU thbf;ifahd Ntiyahf
nra; A q; f s; . ,jdhy; cq; f Sf; F ,og; N gJk; ,y; i y.
ehd; 6 tUlq;fs; fopj;J xU thbf;ifahsuplk; ghyp]p
thq;fpapUf;fpNwd;. jpUr;rpapy; 2004k; tUlk; jpU. KfkJ
E}u; j P d ; vd; g tiu mZfp tpsf; f p tpw; g id KOik
milahky; ,Ue;jJ. gy re;ju;gq;fspy; mtu;
xg; Gf; nfhs; stpy; iy . M dhy ; mtUld hd el; i g
tsu;j;J njhlu;e;Jnfhz;Nl ,Ue;Njd;. gy
tUlq; f Sf; F g; gpwF2010k; Mz; L Vg; u y; khjk; mtu;
mtUf; Fk; mtuJ ki dtpf; Fk; g hy p]p vLj;j hu;.
fpl;lj;jl;l 6 Mz;Lfs; njhlu;gpy; ,Ue;jjhy;jhd; mtu;
vdf;F thbf;ifahsuhf Mdhu;. mw;w Fsj;J
mUePu;g;gwit Nghy ehk; jhTtjhy; ek;Kila
ciog; G jhd; tP z hFk; . njhlu; j ypd; Kf; f paj; J tk;
,g;nghOJ Gupfpwjh?
tpw;gid KOikailjy; vd;gJ xU
Kf; f pakhd epfo; T . mjid ghjpf; F k; fhuzpfs;
Vuhsk; . cjhuzj; j pw; F > epjp epiyik> rkP g j; j py;
tu ,Uf; F k; nryT> me; j ,lj; j py; ,Uf; F k; kw; w
egu;fs;> md;wa ehs;> cly; epiy ,g;gb vJthfTk;
,Uf; f yhk; . ehk; kdk; jsuhky; mLj; j gf; f j; j py;
cs; s nray; tbtikg; g pd; gb njhlu; e ; J nray;
glNtz;Lk;.
Kjy; MAs;fhg;gPl;L tpw;gid vg;NghJk; mjpf
Neuk; vLj; J f; n fhs; S k; . Mdhy; > kWtpw; g id kpf
vspjhf mik Ak;. mJTk; ehk; vt;thW Nrit
nra;fpNwhk; vd;gijg;nghUj;J mikAk;.
,e;jxU epfo;Tf;fhfj;jd; ehk;
fhj;J ,Ue;Njhk;. ekJ gy;NtW efu;TfSk;
mZFKiwAk; ,ij Nehf;fpj;jhd; ,Ue;jJ.
tpw;gid KOikahf;fy; thbf;ifahsu; ekJ
jpl; l j; j pid thq; f KbTnra; j gpd; epfOk; . ,e; j
rkaj; j py; ehk; nghUg; Gld; nray; g l Ntz; L k; . rpW
Njitaw; w Ngr; R $l tpw; g idia Kwpabf; f Nth>
js; s pg; N ghlNth my; y J gpupkpaj; i j Fiwf; f Nth
nra;Ak;. rpy Neuq;fspy; ek;khy; ,e;j khw;wj;jpw;fhd
fhuzj;ij czu KbahJ.
Vd; ehd; ,g;gb $WfpNwd; vd;why;>
thbf;ifahsu; tpw;gid KOikahf;fy;
epfo;tpd;NghJ ftdKld; ,Ug;ghu;. ehKk;
mt; thNw ,Uf;f Ntz;L k;. gzf;fhu thbf; ifahsu;
jkJ jFjpf; F Fiwthd gpupkpak; nrYj; J ifapy;
kpfTk; rhjhuzkhf ,Ug;ghu;. ,t;thW tUk; gpupkpak;
ngUk;ghYk; tpw;gidahsu; Kfkjpg;gpw;fhf tUtNjh
my; y J ek; i k jpUg; j pg; gLj; j Nthjhd; jUthu; .
Mdhy; ngUk;ghyhd rkaq;fspy; ehk;
thbf; i fahsiu jpUg;j pg; gLj; j p gy re; Njfq; fis
jPu;j;Jjhd; ghyp]p vLf;fpNwhk;. gzk; mjpfKs;s
thbf;ifahsuhf ,Ue;jhYk; gzj;ij Njitapd;wp
KjyP L nra; a khl; l hu; f s; . vdNt> tpw; g id KOik
ahf; f k; rkak; > thbf; i fahsu; kdepiy vg; N ghJk;
,Ug; g ijtpl rw; W khWgl; L ,Uf; Fk; . ,e;j rkaj;j py;
xU rpW Ntz;lhj epfo;T$l ekJ tpw;gidia
ghjpf;Fk;.
2004k; Mz; L xU ngupa tpahghupaplk; ehd;
nrd;wpUe; Njd;. gyKiw Neupy; tpsf;fpf;$wYf;F gpwF
xUehs; mtuplk; tpw;gid KOikahf;fYf;F
nrd; w pUe; N jd; . mg; N ghJ vd; D ld; $lte; j pUe; j egu;
mtUf;F Vw;nfdNt njupe;jtu;.
thbf; i fahsu; cjtpahsiu mioj; j hu; . (nrf;
Gj;jfj;ij vLj;Jtur; nrhy;yNt mioj;jhu;).
m e ; j , i l g; g l; l N e u j ; j p y ; c l d ; t e; j p U e ; j t u ; >
thbf;ifahsUf;F rkPgj;jpy; tzpfj;jpy;
thbf;ifahsUf;F ele;j tUe;jj;jf;f epfo;it epidT
$u; e ; j hu; . xU mf; f iuapy; mt; t hW nra; J tpl; l hu; .
,jdhy;> thbf;ifahsu; me;j epfo;itg;gw;wp NfhgKld;
Ngrj; Jtq;fptpl;lhu;. filrpapy; cs;Ns te;j
cjtpahsuplk; nrf; Gj;j fj; j pw; F gjpyhf 3NgUf; Fk; B
thq;fptur; nrhy;yptpl;lhu;.
,jdhy; j hd; tpw; g id KOikahf; f ypd; NghJ
Njitaw; w NtiyfisAk; Ngr; R f; f isAk; jtpu; f ; f
Ntz;Lk;.
tpw;gid KOikahf;fypd; NghJ nra;a Ntz;bad:
1. e P q ; f s ; G + u ; j ; j p n r a ; A k ; t p z ; z g ; g g b t k ;
Gjpjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
2. cq;fsplk; Njitahd nghUl; fs; ,Uf; f Ntz; Lk;.
Ngdh 2> ngd; rpy; > gir> ]; Nlg; su; > vOjhj Ngg; g u;
Mfpad. thbf;ifahsuplk; ve;j nghUisAk; ,uty;
thq;fhjPu;fs;. ,J rpyiu ntWg;gilar; nra;Ak;.
3. Njitahd jfty; kw; W k; Mtzq; fis mg; N ghNj
thq;fpf; nfhs;Sq; f s;. jhk jpj;jhy;> tpw;gi d
Kwpaf;$l tha;g;Gz;L.
4. n[uhf;]; Nghd;w cjtpfs; Njitg;gl; lhy; ePq;fNs
nrd; W vL j; JthUq;fs; . ,y;i y Na y; > mg; Gwk;
jUtjhf $wptpLthu; . gpd; mtu; kdk; khwf; $ l
tha;g;G cz;L.
5. ve;jxU tp\aj;ijAk; mg;Gwk; vd;W tpl;L
tplhjPu;fs;.
6. $Lkhdtiu mjpfk; NgrhjPu;fs;.
7. gpupkpaj;i j $l; lNtz; b thbf;i fahsiu mjpfkhf
mOj;jhjPu;fs;. ,jdhy; cs;sJk; Ngha;tpLk;.
8. vy; y h NtiyfSk; Kbe; j gpd; > vg; n ghOJ urP J
j UtP u; > v g; Ng hJ g hy p]p gj;j puk; tUk;> k Uj;Jt
g u p N r h j i d , U f; Fk h v d; w t p t u q ; fi s r u p a h f
njuptpAq;fs;. nrhd;dij fhg;ghw;Wq;fs;.
9. Kiwg;gb Mtzq;fis mYtyfj;jpy; nrYj;jp tpiu
tpy; mtUf;F ghyp]p gj;jpuk; fpilf;fr; nra;Aq;fs;.
10. ghyp]p gj;jpuk; te;jTld;> thbf;ifahsuplk; ePq;fs;
nrhd; d rYiffs; gj; j puj; j py; gjpthfp ,Ug; g ij
fhl;Lq;fs;. NkYk; xUKiw ghyp]p jpl;lj; j pid
tpsf; Fq; fs; . ,g; g b nra; t J cq; fs; kP J ed; k jpg; i g
V w ; g L j ; Jk ; . mj d h y ; cq ; fSf; F r pg h up R c lN d
fpilf;Fk;. rpghupR vd;gJ thbf;ifahsu; mtuJ
ez;gu;fis ghyp]p vLg;gjw;fhf cq;fSf;F mwpKfk;
nra;Jitg;gJ.
11. ghyp]p gj;jpuj;ij tpsf;fpagpd; jhuhskhf rpghupR
NfSq;fs;. ,g;gbr;nra;tjpdhy; kl;LNk ePq;fs; mwpahj
egu;fisAk; mila KbAk;. ,Jtiu $wpa
midj;ijAk; ePq;fs; nra;jhy; ePq;fs; Nfl;l clNdNa
rpg hu pR f pi lf; Fk ; . eh d; ,i j mD g tg; G+ u; tk hf
czu;e;jpUf;fpNwd;.
2004k; Mz;L xU ntspehl;by; Ntiynra;gtiu
ghyp]p vLg; g jw; f hf> vdJ KftUld; re; j pj; N jd; .
gyKiw re; j pg; g pw; F gpwF &5000 gpupkpak; je; j hu; .
Mdhy; mtUf; F ehq; f s; mspj; j Nritia ghu; j ; J
tpUk;gp 8 khjq;fSf;Fs;shfNt mtUk; rpghupR %yKk;
&gha; 8 yl; r q; f s; gpupkpakhf fpilf; f cjtpdhu; .
rpghupR thq;FtJ ,e;j njhopypd; Rthrk; Nghd;wJ.
ngUk; g hyhdtu; f s; > tpw; g idf; F g; gpd; vd; d
nra; a Ntz; b ,Uf; fpwJ? vd; W jhd; epidf; f pwhu; f s; .
,J nghUs; tpw;giday;y> uapy;Nt epiyaj;jpy; czT
tpw;gtDf;F Ntz;Lkhdhy; tpw;gidf;Fg; gpd;
thbf;ifahsUld; ve;j njhlu;Gk; ,y;yhky; ,Uf;fyhk;.
Mdhy; > ekJ tzpfj; j py; ehd; Kd; G $wpaJ Nghy>
tpw; g id KOikahf; f y; xU eP z ; l fhy cwtpw; f hd
Jtf;fk;.
tpw; g idahsupd; Kd; k hjpupAk; > cyf rhjid

tpw;gidahsUkhd jpU. fpuhu;l; vd;gtu; jdJ ntw;wpapd;
,ufrpaj;ij ,t;thW $Wfpwhu;. “vd;idg; nghUj;jtiu
ehd; vg;Ng hJk; xU thbf;ifa hsiu xd;W vd;W
epidg;gj py;iy. cyfpy; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; ed;F
mwpKfkhd 250 egu;f s; njupe; j pUf; Fk; . ehd; xUtiu
mjP j jpUg; j p gLj; J jyhy; > vdf; F mtUila 250
njupe; j egu; f isAk; thbf; i fahsuhf; F k; tha; g ; G
fpilf;fpwJ”.
vd;idg; nghUj; j tiu jpU. fpuhu;l; $wpaJ
Kw;wpYk; cz;ik.
tpw; g idf; F gpwF eP q ; f s; cq; f sJ midj; J
thbf; i fahsUlDk; njhlu; g py; ,Uq; f s; . cq; f shy;
,ad;w gpw cjtpfis nra;Aq;fs;. ez;guhFq;fs;.
tpw;gidf;Fg; gpd; nra;af;$lhjit:
1. cq; f s; njhiyNgrp my; y J miyNgrp vz; i z

mbf;fb khw;whjPu;fs;. ,J cq;fs; njhlu;gpy; ,Ue;j
gyiu cq; fistpl; L tpyf; fpr; nrd; W tpLk; . mg; g b
vz;iz khw;wpdhYk;> cldbahf thbf;ifahsUf;F
njuptpAq; f s; . ,jdhy; ed; k jpg; G cz; l htNjhL
njhlu;Gfs; tpl;Lg;NghfhJ.
2. thbf;ifahsUila miog;ig ve;j fhuzk;
nfhz; L k; jtpu; f; fhjP u;f s; . miog; i g vLf; F k; #oypy;
,y;iynad;why; kPz;Lk; mtiu mioAq;fs;.
3. cq ; fSi la m i y Ng rpi a mbf; f b mi dj ; J
itf;fhjPu;.
4. thbf;ifahsu; Neupy; re;jpf;f tpUk;gpdhy;>
tpw;gidf;F Kd;gpUe;j mNj Mu;tj;Jld; nray;gLq;fs;.
5. thbf;ifahsUf;F jpl;lg; gydpy; VNjDk; gpur;rid
vd; w hy; Xb xspahjP u ; . eP q ; f s; xspe; j hy; gpur; r id
gd;klq;fhFk; NkYk; ePq;fs; ed;kjpg;ig kPz;Lk; mil
aNt KbahJ. khwhf vijAk; Neu;ikAld;
vjpu;nfhs;Sq;fs;. thbf;ifahsu; cq;fis
Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sthu;.
6. tpw;gidf;F Kd;gpUe;j mNj gzpT> nghUg;G kw;Wk;
Ntfj; J ld; thbf; i fahsiu mZFq; f s; . Vndd; w hy; >
tpw; g idf; F g; gpd; thbf; i fahsu; cq; f is kl; L Nk
ek; gpAs; shu; . cq; fsJ eltbf; i fapy; Vw;g Lk; khw; w k;
mtiu Nfhg kila Nth> fy f;fki la Nth my;y J
ntWg; g ilaNth nra; A k; . eP q ; f s; tpw; g idf; F Kd;
ebf;ftpy;iy vd;why; ,e;j gpur;rid ,Uf;fhJ.
mAs; f hg; gP l; L j; njhopypd; gyNk eP z ; l ehs; tUkhdk;

MFk; . eP q ; f s; nra; A k; ey; y nray; f s; kw; w tuplk;
nkJthfj;jhd; guTk;. Mdhy;> rpW jtW $l kpf tpiu
thf guTk;. kdjstpy; ehk; njspthfTk;> kdrhl;rpf;F
gag; g LgtuhfTk; ,Ug; g J> eP z ; l ehs; ,e; j njhopiy
nra; a kpf mtrpak; . mg; g b ,y; y hjtu; f s; tpiutpy;
,e;j tzpfj;ijtpl;L tpyFthu;fs;.
,e; j E}y py ; $w g; gl; l mi dj ; Jk; v d; xUtdp d;
mDgtNkh fUj;Njh my;y. gy E}W egu;fis
ftzpj; Jk; > fye; j hNyhrpj; Jk; ngw;w fUj;Jfs; . ,it
epr;rak; cq;fSf;F cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk; vd;W
ek;GfpNwd;.
tpw;gidf;Fg; gpd; nra;Ak; Nritia vj;jidNah
M apuf; fz f; fhd Kftu; fs; ntFrpw g;ghf nra; J
tUfpwhu;fs;. mtu;fspd; tUkhdk; vd;nwd;Wk;
jilapd;wp ngUfpf; nfhz;Nl tUfpwJ.
vd; w hYk; vdf; F ed; F njupe; j xU rhjid
Kftupd; eilKiwia cjhuzkhf $WfpNwd; . mtu;
ngau; jpUkjp. ckhNjtp RFkhu; . jpU.RFkhu; mtuJ
fztu;. jpUkjp. ckhNjtp mtu;fs; xU jdpahu; MAs;
fhg; g P l ; L epWtdj; j py; Kftuhf fle; j 2005k; Mz; L
Kjy; cs;shu;.
,tu; f s; ,UtUk; ,ize; J > KO <Lghl; L ld;
,e;j njhopiy xU gpujhd njhopyhf nra;J
tUfpwhu;fs;. ,e;j njhopYf;F Kd;dNk rpy njhopypy;
gq;FjhuuhfTk;> NtWxU njhopiy nra;Jk; tUfpwhu;fs;.
,e;j jk;gjpaUf;F jpUr;rpapy; ey;y el;G tl;lhuk;
cs;sJ.
jpUkjp. ckhNjtpaplk; ehd; Neupy; ciuahLk;
rkak; mtu; vg; NghJk; ngupa ,yf; FlNdNa NgRthu; .
mtu; fs; Kjyhk; Mz; L jq; fs; el; G tl;lhuj; j pNyNa
MDRT vDk; cyf MAs; fhg;gPl;L KftUf;fhd
rq; f j; j py; ngUikkpF cWg; g pdu; Mdhu; f s; . NkYk;
me;j gFjpapd; rpwe;j Kftuhftk; Mdhu;fs;. ,uz;lhk;
tUlKk;; ,e;j rhjidia epfo;j;jpdhu;fs;.
rpwpa gpupkpa tpj; j pahrj; j py; 3k; tUl MDRT
jFjpia eOt tpl;lhu;fs;. Mdhy; 4k; tUlk;
kpfr; r pwg; g hf jpl; l kpl; L kP z ; L k; rhjpj; j hu; f s; . ,e; j
jFjpf; F nuFyu; gpupkpakhf 30yl; r q; f s; xt; n thU
Mz;Lk; Nru;f;f Ntz;Lk;.
mtu; f spd; ,e; j rhjid jtpu gw; g y rhjid-
fisAk; me;j epWtdj;Js; nra;Js;shu;fs;. njhlu;e;J 4
Mz; L fs; vg; g b ,t; t sT mjpf tzpfk; mtu; f shy;
nra;a KbfpwJ?
mjw;fhd tpil kpfr; rhjhuzkhdJ.
1. mtu; f s; jpde; N jhWk; ,e; j njhopYf; f hf Nghjpa

Neuj;ij nrytpLfpwhu;fs;.
2. re;jpf;Fk; midj;J egu;fsplKk; jhd; MAs; fhg;gPl;L
Kftuhf ,Ug; g ijAk; > mjpy; rhjpj; J s; s J gw; w pAk;
njuptpf;fpwhu;fs;.
3. mtu;fsJ thbf;ifahsu;fSila midj;J ghyp]p
rk;ge;jg;gl;l jfty;fSk; jahuhf itj;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;.
4. ghyp]pgw; w p Ngr tpLgl; l egu; fspd; gl; b aYk; jah
uhf ,Uf;Fk;.
5. thbf; i fahsUld; vg;NghJk; eyk; tprhupf; F k;
nghUl;L njhlu;gpy; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;.
6. thbf; i fahsUf; F ghyp]p gj; j puk; nrd; w cld;
jukhd Nfhg; G (file) xd; W ld; nrd;W mjpy; gj;j pukhf
itj;Jtpl;L gpd;du; tpsf;Ffpwhu;fs;.
7. thbf;ifahsupd; ve;j xU tpNr\q;fSf;Fk;
kwf;fhky; Neupy; nrd;W gq;Fnfhs;fpwhu;fs;.
8 . t h b f; i f a h s U f; F N t W v e; j c j tp a h d hY k ;
,ad;wtiu nra;fpwhu;fs;.
9. efupd; Kf; f pa rq; f q; f spy; jq; f is ,izj; J
mtw;wpd; nray;ghLfspy; gq;FngWfpwhu;fs;.
10. el;G tl;lq;fis ehSf;F ehs; ngUf;fpf; nfhz;Nl
nry;fpwhu;fs;.
11. thbf;i fahsupd; KjyP l;L epi yia mbf; fb
Fwpj; J f; n fhz; L > mtu; fs; Nfl; Fk; rkak; cldbahf
njuptpf;fpwhu;fs;.
12. Kjpu;T fhyk; neUq;Fifapy; Kd;djhfNt
thbf; i fahsuplk; njuptpj; J mtUf; F jFe; j MNyh
rid toq;Ffpwhu;fs;.
13. fpisapy; elf; F k; ve; j xU gapw; r piaAk; jtu
tpLtjpy;iy.
14. mbf; fb fpis mYtyfj; j pw; F nrd; W elg; Gfis
njupe;J nfhs;fpwhu;fs;.
15. jq;fSila tUkhdj;ij Kd;dpWj;jhky;
thbf;ifahsupd; gaidNa Kd;dpWj;jp tpw;fpwhu;fs;.
Nkw;$wpa 15 jfty;fisAk; kPz;Lk; gbAq;fs;. ePq;fSk;

,tw;iw nra;jhy; ve;j ,yf;Fk; vspNj.
Mrpupaiug;gw;;wp:
,e; j E}ypd; Mrpupau; jpU. gpurd; d h
ntq; f Nlrd; fle; j 7 tUlq; f shf
MAs; fhg; g P l ; L j; Jiwapy; tzpf
Nkshsuhf gzpahw; w patu; . rpwe; j
Kftu;fisAk;> tpw;gid
Nkshsu;fisAk;> fpis
Nkshsu;fisAk; cUthf;fpatu;.
NkYk; NtW Jiwfspy; rpy gd;dhl;L
epWtdq; f spYk; gzp Gupe; J s; s hu; .
jw; N ghJ ntl; b fy; g; u hf; u ]; vDk;
RaK d;Ndw;w gapw;rp epWtdj;ij
Jtq;fpAs;shu;.
MAs; fhg; g P l ; L Kftu; f Sf; F k; > tpw; g id Nkshyu; -
fSf;Fk; cjtpGupAk; ,e;j E}iy fle;j 3 tUlq;fshf
Kad; W vOjpAs; s hu; . ,e; j E}ypy; cs; s tpw; g id
kw;Wk; tzpf EZf;fq;fs; ngUk;ghYk; mDgtq;fspy;
,Ue;J ngwg;gl;litNa. vdNt ,e;j E}ypy;
$w g; g l; L s; s g apw ;rpfs; e hk ; md; w hl k ; g z papy;
gad;gLj;jf;$ba vspikahd gapw;rpfNs. epr;rak; ,e;j
E}y; Gjpjhf Jtq;Fk; Kftu; kw;Wk; tpw;gid
Nkshyu; fSf; Fk; > MAs; fhg; gP l; L tpw; g id njhopypy;
rhjpf; f j; Jbf; F k; mDgtKs; s KftUf; F k; kpf; f
gaDs;sjhf ,Uf;Fk;.
cq;fsJ fUj;Jf;fis
tamilinsuranceguide@verticalprogress.net
my;yJ
mynameisprasanna@gmail.com
vd;w kpd;dQ;ry;Kftupf;F mDg;gTk;.

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MAs;fhg;gPL %yk; gy tUlq;fshf rpy

xUrpy jtwhd mDFKiwahy; mtu; f s; ,e; j

vdf;F njupe;j tiuapy; > MAs; fhg;gPl;L njhopy;

Mdhy; ehk; kw; w tu; ghuhl; L k; msTf; F ,e; j

,t; t hnuy; y hk; ehk; ,Ue; j hy; kl; L Nk ekJ

ve;jxU egUk; jd;Dila tUkhdk;> fld;>

ed;F njupe;jtuplk; Jtq;Fq;fs;:

mjpf kf;fspd; el;G mjpf yhgk;;: (More Con-

tupir thbf;ifahsu; mtuJ mtiu Kjy;

2k; 3k; re;jpg;G ehs;. Nju;T gbtk; gbt

ghyp]p toq;fpa gpwe;j

Policy Date Birth

2004k; Mz; b y; Kftu; f Sf; F 18 ehs; gapw; r p

gapw; r papy; fye; J nfhs; s Mu; t Kk; > cWjpAk;

xU thbf; i fahsu; eP q ; f s; $Wk; jfty; f s;

ek; tpw;Fk; jpwd;> Fwpg;ghf ek;Kila njhopYf;F

ek;Kila njhopy; rhu;e;j mwpntd;gJ> ek;Kila

rpy ,d;wpaikahj jfty;fs;:

“xU KftUila ntw;wp mtuJ ciwahlypy;

1. ek;Kila njhopypd; jd;ik gw;wpa jfty;fs;.

eP q ; f s; vj; j ifa jfty; f is njuptpj; j hYk; mij

ehk; Kd; d jhfNt mwpe; j JNghy; > ek; K ila

ehk; rpwe;jijNa rpghupR nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;why;>

ek J epW t dj ; j pd; mi dj ; Jj pl; lq ; fisAk;

“xUrpy Kftu;fs; mtu;fSila fkp\d;

jpl; l q; f is KOikahf njupe; j tupd; tpw; g id

ek; K ila Nghl; b ahsUila jpl; l q; f s; gw; w p

,d; W ,wg;G my; y J mrk;ghtpj gyd; f is

6. nghUshjhu mbg;gil jfty;fs;:

ehk; ve;jnthU nghUshjhu jpl;lj;ij tpw;f

fhg;gPl;L epWtdq;fis fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; rl;lq;fSk;

,d;#ud;]; rl;lk; 27k; gpupT:

,d;#ud;]; rl;lk; 27C gpupT:

,d;#ud;]; rl;lk; 29k; gpupT:

,d;#ud;]; rl;lk; 34C gpupT:

,d;#ud;]; rl;lk; 40B gpupT:

,d;#ud;]; rl;lk; 52H gpupT:

,d;#ud;]; rl;lk; 54k; gpupT:

,e; j rl; l q; f nsy; y hk; ghyp]pjhuUf; F kpFe; j

ehk; ekJ njhopy; rhu;e;j mwpit vg;NghJk; jah

md;whlk; Clfq;fspd; thapyhf epfOk;

,t;thW jfty; ngl;lfkhf ehk; jpfo;e;jhy;jhd;>

ekJ njhopy; rhu;e;j mwpTld; kw;wgpw

epPq;fs; toq;Fk; MNyhridfs; vg;NghJk;

MAs;fhg;gPL njhopYf;F Njitahd mbg;gil

1. ekf; F njupe; j > ghyp]p ju jFjpahd egu; f spd;

Nkw;$wpatw; i w ehk; tpupthf fhz;Nghk;. Mdhy;

1. ekf;F njupe;j> ghyp]p ju jFjpahd egu;fspd;

njupe; j egu; f is (fhd; l hf; L fis) tupirg; g Lj; J k;

1. neUq;fpa cwtpdu;. 2. J}uj;J cwtpdu;. 3. ez;gu;fs;.

ehk; vOjpa midtUila midj;J jfty;fSk;

ekf;F kpff;Fiwe;j egNu nj upAk; vd;why;

Vw;nfdNt ehk; $wpAs;sgb rq;fq;fspy;

ePq;fs; ahiu ghu;j;jhYk;> mtuplk; ePq;fs; ghyp]p

,q;F Neuk; gzkhFk;”

4. fw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; Mu;tk;: (will to learn)

“fhd Kanya;j mk;gpdpy; ahid

Ntl; i lf; F nry; Y ifapy; Kay; f is Fwpitf; f hNj!

ve; j xU nraiy nra; tjhdhYk; > jd; d k; g pf; i f

7. thbf;ifahsiu Nerpf;Fk; gz;G:

ehk; mZFk; midtUNk ekf;F mDkjpaspj;J

mZFtJ vd; g J njhiyNgrp my; y J ifNgrp

1. eP q ; fs; nj hi y Ng rp apy p Ue; J t hb f; i f a hsi u