IS 5249 : 1992

( Reaffirmed 1995 )

Indian Standard
DETERMINATION OF DYNAMIC PROPERTIES
OF SOIL - METHOD OF TEST
( Second Revision )

UDC 624’131’5

0 BIS 1992

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

November 1992 Price Group 5

Foundation Engineering Sectionat anti &I,!‘I’. ( K.X 4;

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard ( Second Revision ) was adopted bv the Bureau of Indian Standard+ ac.*r ” e
draft finalized by the Foundation Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by tl.:
Civil Engineering Division Council.

Several Indian Standards have been published for the design and construction of foundation for
machines of various types, These involves the use of dynamic properties of soil. The need for a
standard procedure for the determination of such properties therefore arose. The standard is meant
to fulfil this need.

The designer should choose the method appropriate to the codditions at a given site. In-situ
dynamic test by the forced vibration method may be found useful in most of the cases even though
it has the limitations of the plate load test. In layered soils, the wove propogation test has the
advantage that the dynamic properties of the layer of interest can be determined by suitably
adjusting the distance between the geophones. The results obtained by a free vibration test should
be used with caution.

This standard was first published in 1969 and subsequently revised in 1977 which included the
block vibration tests both under free and forced vibration conditions, shear modulus tests, wave
propagation tests and cyclic plate load tests. Guidelines are provided for choosing the design
parameters consistent with the conditions of confinement and strains which are likely to occur in
an actual problem. This revision has been taken up to incorporate further improvements found
necessary in light of determination of dynamic properties of soil, since its last publication.

In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to international co-ordination
among the standards and practices prevailing in different in addition to relating it to the practices
in the field in this country.

In reporting the result of a test made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed
or calculated is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for
rounding off numerical values ( revised )‘.
 IS 5249 : 1992

Indian Standard
DETERMINATIONOFDYNAMICPROPERTIESOF
SOIL-METHODOFTEST
( Second Revision )
1 SCOPE 3.7 Damping Coeft’icient @
The ~;ltioof damping of system to the critical damping.
This standard covers methods of conducting block
vibration test, cyclic plate load test and wave
3.8 Coefficient of Attenuation
propagation test for evaluation of in situ dynamic
and damping properties of soils. Guidelines for Coefficient which has dimensions of l/distnace used
choosing parameters for design and analysis are also in the expression for determining the amplitu+ at
provided. any distance from the vibration source. The coefficient
is a characteristic of soil (m-l).
2 REFERENCES
4 APPARATUS
The Indian Standards listed in Annex A are necessary
adjuncts to this standard. 4.0 One of the apparatus utilized in conducting these
test are listed in 4.1 to 4.15. Other suitable apparatus
3 TERMINOLOGY or mesuring devices may be utilized for conducting
the test.
3.0 For the purpose of this standard, the relevant
definitionsin IS 2810 : 1979 and the following shall 4.1 Mechanical Oscillator
apply. The notations given in Annex B shall also
The mechanical oscillator should be capable of
apply* producing a sinusoidally varying force and have a
3.1 Natural Frequency frequency range commensurate with the size of the
block to be tested and type of the soil. It should
Number of cycles per unit time with which the system have the provision for altering dynamic force level
oscillates under the influence of forces inherent in by simple adjustment of eccentric masses.
the system.
4.2 d.c. Motor
3.2 Undamped Natural Frequency
Motor of suitable power rating so as to run the above
Number of cycles per unit time with which the system oscillator in the required frequency range at full load.
oscillates under the influence of forces inherent in This should be of type that its own vibrations are
the system without considering damping effect. negligible.

3.3 Damped Natural Frequency 4.3 Speed Control Unit

Natural frequency of the system considering its Capacity commensurate with d.c., motor being used,
damping. capable of operation at 220 V a.c. input supply and
giving variable d.c. voltage output. The maximum
3.4 Coeflicient of Elastic Uniform Compression drop in voltage at full load should not exceed 2
(C”) percent.

It is the compressive stress causing unit elastic uniform 4.4 Acceleration Pick-up
compression for a given area under dynamic loading
conditions. Three in number, of same response characteristics,
maximum range should be commensurate with
3.5 Coefficient of Elastic Non-Uniform equipment used in 3.1, useful frequency range d.c.
Compression (C$) 100 Hz or more. Natural frequency should be 220
Hz undamped and 140 Hz damped. The response
It is the ratio of compressive stress and elastic non- should be linear, deviation from linearity being 1
uniform compressive deformation for a given area percent or less with amplitude changes.
under dynamic loading conditions (kg/cm).
4.5 Velocity Pick-up
3.6 Coeffkient of Elastic Uniform Shear (CT)
Two in number, of suitable type, sensitive enough
It is the ratio of shear stress to elastic uniform shear to record even feeble ground vibrations. Natural
displacement for a given area under dynamic loading frequency<10 Hz and dampling less than 1 percent
condition. of the critical damping.

1
IS 5249 : 1992
4.6 Displacement pick-up block should be made. For block size as in 5.2, the
size of the pit may be 3 m x 6 m at the bottom
Amplitudes may be directly measured using and a depth preferably equal to proposed depth of
displacement pick-ups. These should be of foundations. The test should be conducted above the
appropriate capacity and should have flat frequency ground water table. In case of rock, the test may
response in the range 0 to 100 Hz or more and should be performed on the surface of rock bed itself. The
be of high sensitivity; accuracy should be not less bottom of the pit should be level and horizontal and
than 2 percent. the size of the pit should be at stable slope and
may be kept vertical where possible.
4.7 Geophones
Similar characteristics as of velocity pick-up 5.2 Test Block
(see 4.5). A plain cement concrete block of M-15 concrete
should be constructed in the test pit as shown in
4.8 Universal Amplifier Fig. 1. The size of the block should be selected
depending upon the sub-soil conditions. In ordinary
4.9 Ink Writing Osciilograph soils it may be 1 m x 1 m x 1.5 m and in dense
Frequency response above 100 Hz, number of elements soils it may be 0.75 m x 0.75 m x 1 m. In boulder
3 (preferable); natural frequency above 140 Hz; deposits the height may be increased suitably. The
maximum amplitude + 20 mm: paper speed 5, 25, block size should be so adjusted that the mass ratio

)I
125 mm/s: capable of operation of 220 V a.c. 50
Hz supply, optimum damping with external resistance. m
xp3 is always more than unity
I-0
4.10 High Gain d.c. Amplifier
the concrete block should be cured for at least 15
To match velocity pick-up or geophone as the case days before testing. Foundation bolts should be
may be. embedded into the concrete block at the time of
testing for fixing the oscillator assembly. Details of
4.11 Steel Plate for Fixing Oscillator and d.c.
the test block are shown in Fig.1.
Motor
Thickness 20 mm, length and width depending upon 5.3 Test Set-up
size of oscillator unit.
Vibration exciter should be fixed on the coilcrete
4.12 Measuring Tape block and suitable connection between power supply,
Steel or metallic tape of 30 m length. speed control unit, should be made as shown in
Fig. 2. Any suitable electronic instrumentation may
4.13 Hammer be used to measure the frequency and amplitude of
vibrations.
A sledge hammer or a drop hammer weighing 10
kg or any other device to impart blow to the block
for exciting under conditions of free vibrations or 5.4 Forced Vibration Test
for generating waves in the ground.
5.4.1 Vertical Vibration Test
4.14 Plate Load Testing Equipment
The vibration pick-ups should be fixed at the top
Conforming to IS 1888 : 1982. Arrangement for of the block as shown in Fig.1, such that it senses
loading may be of mechanical or hydraulic type with vertical motion of the block. The vibration exciter
facility to apply of remove the loads quickly for should be mounted on the block such that it
conducting cyclic plate load tests. generates purely vertical sinusoidal vibrations and
line of action of vibrating force passes through the
4.15 Apparatus for Measuring Field Density of centre of gravity of the block. The exciter is
Soil at Site operated at a constant frequency. The signal of
In accordance with IS 2720 (Part 28) : 1973 or the vibration pick-ups are fed into suitable electronic
IS 2720 (Part 29) : 1975. circulatory to measure frequency and amplitude of
vibration. The frequency of the exciter is increased
NOTES in steps of small values, (l-4 cycles/set) up to
1 Equipment given in 4.1 to 4.14 are found suitable. maximum frequency of the exciter and the signals
Alternative equipment may be used where available. measured. The same procedure should be repeated
2 In addition to above equipment, optical or mechanical
if necessary for different excitation levels. The
equipment for analysing records of wave propagation tests dynamic force should never exceed 20 percent of
shall be required. the total mass of the block and exciter assembly.

5 BLOCK VIBRATION TEST Amplitude versus frequency curve shall be plotted

for each excitation level to obtain the natural frequency
5.1 Test Pit
of the soil and the foundation block tested. A typical
A test pit of suitable size depending upon size of plot is shown in Fig. 3.

2
 IS 5249 : 1992
5.4.2 Determination of Coefficient of Elastic Uniform test. The pick-up fitted on the block is removed
Compressti bf Soil and installed at a certain distance di (approximately
30 cm) from the block. The second pick-up is fixed
The coefficient of elastic uniform compression (CJ in line with this pick-up and the centre of the block
of soil is given by the following equation: at a distance of d, The amplitude of vibration at
4x2 f& M these two locations are measured for different
c ”
= frequencies. The coefficient of attenuation is
A calculated from the following expression:
where
f = Natural frequency;
= A, 1d . e-+‘e’J
Z = Mass of the block, exciter and motor; and A2

A = Contact area of the block with the soil. where

d2

From the value of CU obtained for the test block A, = Amplitude at distance d,,
of contact area A the value of CU, for the foundation d,, and
A, = Amplitude at distance
having contact area A, may be obtained from the
equation: a = Coefficient of attenuation
Table for typical values of a
C”, = CU d
NOTE - This relation is valid for small variations in base Soil type a, m-l
area of the foundations and may be used for area up to 10m2. Saturated sand or sandy silt 0.1
For actual foundation areas larger than 10 m2, the value of
C’, obtained for 10 mz may be used. Saturated silty sand 0.04
Saturated sandy silty clay 0.04-O. l:!
54.3 Determination of Damping Coefficient of Soil
In case of vertical vibration test, the value of damping 6 CYCLIC PLATE LOAD TEST
coefficient E of soil is given by the following
6.1 Equipment
equation:
Suitable arrangement for providing reaction of
E = f2 - fi adequate magnitude depending upon size of plate
2fm employed should be used. The load mechanism shoulo
where have facility to apply and remove the loads quickly1
A hydraulic jack or any other suitable equipment
f,, f, = Two frequencies at which the amplitude
may be used.
is equal to X,
6.2 Test Procedure
x, = Maximum amplitude; and 6.2.1 The equipment for the test shall be assembled
according to the details given in IS 1888 : 1982.
f nr = Frequency at which amplitude is maximum The plate shall be located at a depth equal to the:
(resonant frequency). This is shown in depth of the proposed foundation in a pit excavated1
Fig. 4. as given in IS 1888 : 1982.
5.5 Free Vibration Tests 6.2.2 After the set-up has been arranged the initial
The block shall be excited into free vertical vibrations readings of the dial gauges should be noted an
by the impact of sledge hammer or any suitable device, the first increment of static load should be applie $
as near to the centre of the top face of the block to the plate. This load shall be maintained constant
as possible. The vibrations shall be recorded on a throughout for a period till no further settlement
pen recorder or suitable device to measure the occurs or the rate of settlement becomes negligible.
frequency and amplitude of vibration. The test may The final readings of the dial gauges should then
be repeated three or four times. be recorded. The entire load is then removed quickly
but gradually and the plate allowed to rebound.
In case of free vertical vibrations tests, the value When no further rebound occurs or the rate of rebound
of CU shall be obtained from the natural frequency becomes negligible, the readings of the dial gauges
of free vertical vibration using equation given at 5.4.2. should be again noted. The load shall then be increased
The damping coefficient may be obtained from free gradually till its magnitude acquires a value equal
vibration tests using the following equation: to the proposed next higher stage of loading, which
shall be maintained constant and the final dial gauge
X readings should be noted as mentioned earlier. The
E = $ log, -f entire, load should then be reduced to zero and final
dial gauge readings recorded when the rate of
mtl
rebound becomes negligible.
For X,,, and Xm+, are as explained in Fig. 5.
6.2.3 The cycles of loading, unloading and reloading
5.6 Evaluation of Coeffuzient of Attenuation are continued till the estimated ultimate load has
been reached, the final values of dial gauge readings
The test set up is same as that for the block resonance being noted each time.

3
IS 5249 : 1992

FIG. 1 SET-upFORB~ocr< VIBRATION

TEST

nOtORAND
OSCILLATOR
rSPEE0 CONTROL UNIT

POWER
’ WJPPLV
I
I I
I

\ PICK UP/
I
tRANSDUCER
\I

.
AMPLIFIER OSClLLOmAPn

FIG. 2 BLOCKDIAGRAM
OF %STLNGEQUIPMENT
FORBLOCKVIBRATION
TEST

6.0 _ PEAK AMPLITUDE

z
. )(rn

x
3
c,
i
3t
1.0 -

f2 fnz 4
0. I I fn I I I
FREOUENC< CPS
0 15 20 25 30 35

FREQUENCY, CPS

FIG. 3 TYPICALAMPLITUDEVERSUSFREQUENCY
CLJRVE FIG. 4 DETERMINATION
OF DAMPING
FROMFORCED
( VERTICAL
VIBRATION
TEST) VIBRATIONTFST

4
 IS 5249 : 1992

6.2.4 The magnitude of the load increment should Velocity of shear waves VB is given by:
be such that the ultimate load is reached in five
to six increments. The initial loading and unloading vs = 3-f
cycles up to the safe bearing capacity of the soil
where
should be with smaller increments in load. The duration
of each loading and unloading cycle upon the type f= Frequency of vibration at which the wave
of soil under investigation. length has been measured.

6.2.5 Coefficient of Elastic Uniform Compression When the test is conducted using a phase meter,
from Cyclic Plate Load Test the phase angle corresponding to different distances
between the geophones should be recorded and a
From the data obtained during cyclic plate load test, curve plotted between the phase angle and the
the elastic rebound of the plate corresponding to each distance. From the curve, the distance S between
intensity of loading shall be obtained as shown in the geophones for a phase difference of 90 should
Fig. 6. The load intensity versus elastic rebound shall be determined. The remaining computations should
be plotted as shown in Fig. 7. be done as in 7.1.1
The value of C, shall be calculated from the equation
given below: 7.2 Hammer Tests

7.2.1 Equipment
C” = 5 kgf/cm3
e A hammer to imart impact to the ground, a geophone
where
or velocity pick-up or time marking device to record
P = Corresponding load intensity kg/cm2, and the time of impact, an acceleration pick-up (or a
geophone) to monitor the time of arrival of waves,
5, = Elastic rebound corresponding to P in cm. universal amplifier, ink-writting oscilloscope or a timer
capable of measuring time interval up to a precision
7 WAVE PROPAGATION TESTS FOR of 10 seconds, and a steel measuring tape.
DETERMINATION OF SHEAR MODULUS
7.2.2 Procedure
7.1 The wave propagation tests for determination
A suitable location in the area where this test is
of shear modulus may be conducted by making seismic
to be conducted is selected and radial lines are ranged
waves to pass through the ground by impact of a
out from this point for a distance of 30 m to 40
hammer and determining the time of travel of these
m. Points are marked on these lines at 2 m intervals.
waves between two points at a known distance apart
A velocity pick-up or a geophone is fixed at the
or by measuring the phase difference between vibration
origin of the radial lines and waves are generated
at two pointer under steady vibrations.
near this point by impact of a 10 kg hammer falling
through a height of 2 m on a steel plate of 150
7.1.1 Steady State Vibration Test
mm x 150 mm resting on a the surface of ground.
In case of uniform soil extending up to infinite depth, An acceleration pick-up is placed at a known distance
the wavelength of propagating vibrations is given along one of the radial lines, the pick-ups is amplified
by: through universal amplifier and fed to two channels
of the same pen recorder. The time taken by the
Ids waves to travel the distance between the two pick-
u4 = ups can be obtained from these records. The test
Jr + 2 (A,- h) is repeated for different known distance between the
where the geophones have the same pick-ups along all the marked lines one by one.
characteristics, that is h, = $
7.2.2.1 The test may be repeated at different locations
N4 = s to obtain a representative value of wave velocities
in the area under investigation.
where
A = Wavelength in cm, 7.2.2.2 Alternatively, the time taken by the waves
to travel a known distance may be obtained directly
s = Measured distance between geophones in by feeding the output of the pick-ups to a timer.
CDL,
7.2.2.3 Density of soil
h, = phase shift of geophones with respect to The in situ density of the soil should be determined
wave nearer to concrete block at the by the method specified in IS 2720 (Part 28) : 1973
frequency of the propagating vibrations in or IS 2720 (Part 29) : 1975.
radians, and
7.2.3 Hammer Test
h,= Phase shift of the other geophone at the
frequency of the propagating vibrations in The values of travel time of compression waves and
radians. the corresponding distance along each selected line
IS 5249 : 1992

(m*l)

L2.._L--2.-J
b-W= DAMPED NATURAL FREQUENCY OF SYSTEM
FIG. 5 DETERMINATIONOF DAMPING FROM FREE VIBRATION TEST
LOAD -

0.15 -

Al ,A2....AS ARE ELASTIC REBOUND AT LOAD

Pl, P2.....P5 RESPECTIVELY
FIG. 6 LOAD SETlUMENT CURVE FOR &XlC h.4l-E
hAD %3T
0 20 60

I DISTANCE, m

AVERAGE VELOCITY Vc *+mls

FIG. 8 DETERMINA~ON OF AVERAGE WAVE VELOC~~

OF STRESSWAVE PROPAGATION IN SOIL MEDIUM
(HAMMERTEST)

ELASTIC REBOUNO-
Cu=&

71~. 7 &~XHOD FOR C~TAINING VALUEOF C, FROM

CYCLIChm ILMD ‘~IZSTDATA

6
 IS 5249 : 1992

at a location are plotted as shown in Fig. 8. A straight cl) = 3.46 Ct

line is fitted through these points. The value of average cq = 1.5 cz
velocity is obtained as:
NOTE - The relation between C,, CT, C(I and CU, depends
vc = sit upon elastic properties of medium, the soil, the size and shape
where of contact area and flexibility of rigidity of the foundation.

Vc = velocity of compression waves, in m/s; 8.2 In case of very stiff soils the value of C,, may
s = distance in m; and be so high that the natural frequency of the
= corresponding foundation soil system may not be reached because
t time of travel of waves in
of limitations of the vibration exciting equipment.
sec.
The frequency response curves in such cases may
7.3 Determination of Elastic Modulus and Shear be extrapolated to obtain the resonant frequency of
Modulus of Soil foundation soil system following the procedure
suggested in Annex C.
7.3.1 Elastic modulus E is determined by equation:
9 GUIDANCE FOR CHOOSING DESIGN
PARAMETFRES FROM IN-SITU TESTS

9.1 The value of the dynamic shear modulus G is

where
affected by a number of parameters out of which
P = Mass density of soil confining pressure, shear strain amplitude and relative
E = Poision’s ratio of soil density are most important. It is observed that changes
in density from medium to dense state have relatively
NOTE - The following values for Poission’s ratio may be
insignificant effect compared to effect of confining
pressure and shear strain amplitude. Since the order
of strain level and confining pressure associated
Type of soil E
with different in-situ tests are different, tests may
Clay 0.5
be expected to show a large variation, as the strain
Sand 0.30 to 0.35
associated with, say hammer test is very small and
Rock 0.15 to 0.25
that with cyclic plate load test is very large. A rational
apprroach is therefore, needed to arrive at a suitable
7.3.2 Depending upon the nature of medium design value.
involved, and if the distance between pick-ups is
sufficiently large, both the arrival of compression 9.2 In the range of strains associated with properly
and shear waves may be distinguishable from the design machine foundations, the effect of variation
records. In such a case both E and G can be in strain on shear modulus is small and the values
determined independently. of G for design purposes may be determined from
E = 2 G (1 t E) the in-situ test values using the relation given
below:
G = v;p
G,
-_=
where
G
P = Mass density of soil in kg set r/m”, where
= Velocity of shear waves, in m/s, and G, and G = Dynamic shear modulus for the
Y prototype and from field test
E = Poission’s ratio of soil. respectively;
Mean effective confining pressure,
7.3.3 The values of E and G can also be obtained
associated with prototype
from the values of C, obtained as indicated in Annex
foundation and the in-situ test
D. Alternatively the values of C, can be obtained
respectively and
from E and G values obtained in wave propagation
tests. m = Constant depending upon the type
of soil, shape of grains, etc. Its
8 TEE COEFFICIENT OF ELASTIC value has been found to vary from
UNIFORM SHEAR AND ELASTIC NON- 0.3 to 0.7 and may on the average
UNIFORM SHEAR be taken as 0.5.
9.3 In situations where high strain levels are
8.1 Compression C,, the coefficient of elastic uniform
associated as in the case of analysis for earthquake
shear, Ct, the .coeffrcient of elastic non-uniform
conditions, the effect of strain level shall be
compression C9 and the coefficient of elastic non-
considered along with that of confining pressure.
uniform shear CI# are related to each other by the
lrelations given below: In such a case, the values of G from different field
tests may first be reduced to same confining pressure
C” = 1sto2cz ( expected below the footing ) and their variation

7
IS 5249 : 1992
with strain levels may be studied to arrive at an
appropriate values corresponding to the expected
strain level.
9.4 The value of damping in soils is also a function
of strain level to which the soil is subjected. Damping
is less at low strain levels and becomes significantly
large at high strain levels.
9.5 The value of C may similarly be expected to
vary as Cu and G are related to each other ( see
Annex D ).

ANNEX A
( Clause 2 )

LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS

IS No. Title IS No. Title

1888 : 1982 Method of load test on soils density of soils in-place, by the
( second revision )- sand replace-ment method (first
revision )
2720 Methods of test for soil :
(Part 12 ) : 1981 Part 12 Determination of the 2720 Method of test for soil :
shear strength parameters of soil ( Part 29 ) : 1975 Part 29 Determination of dry
from consolidated undrained density of soils in-place, by the
triaxial compression test with core cutter method (first
measurement of pore water revision )
pressure (first revision )
2810 : 1979 Glossary of terms relating to soil
2720 Methods of test for soil : dynamics (first revision )
( Pati 28 ) : 1974 Part 28 Determination for dry

ANNEX B
( Clause 3.0 )
NOTATIONS

UNIT
Contact area of block with soil Cm2
Contact area of actual foundation with soil Cm2
Vertical amplitude of vibration mm
Vertical acceleration vibration mm/s2
Coefficient of elastic uniform compression of soil for area A and A, kgf/cm3
respectively
Coefficient of elastic non-uniform compression of soil for area A and kgf/cm3
A, respectively
Coefficient of elastic uniform shear of soil for area A and A, respectively
Coefficient of elastic non-uniform shear of soil kgf/cm3
Young’s modulus kgf/cm2
Peak dynamic force kg
Frequency of propagating waves Hz
Frequencies at which amplitude is X,ld2 Hz
Horizontal resonant frequency of block and soil system Hz
Dynamic shear modulus of soil kgf/cm2
Acceleration due to gravity mm/s2
Moment of inertia of foundation contact area about a horizontal axis cm4
passing through centre of gravity of the area and perpendicular to
direction of vibration
Mass of block kg s21cm
Mass moment of inertia of the block about a horizontal axis passing kgf/cm/s2
through the centre of gravity of the block and perpendicular to
direction of vibration
Mass moment of intertia of the block about the horizontal axis passing kgflcnl/s2
through the centre of gravity of contact area of block and soil and
perpendicular to the direction of vibration
Distance between geophones or pick-ups cm
Elastic rebound Cl11

Compression wave velocity cm/s

8
 IS 5249 : 1992
SYMBOL DEKRIP~ON UNIT
Shear wave velocity cm/s
Maximum amplitude of vibration in forced vibration tests mm
Successive amplitudes of vibration in free vibrations at 2 from each mm
other respectively
Time of travel of waves S
Mass density of soil kg s2/cm4
Poision’s ratio of soil -
Damping coefficient of soil -
Wavelength of propagating waves cm
Phase shift of geophone near to radian centre of gravity of block at radian
frequency (f) of propagating vibrations
Phase shift of geophone far away from centre of gravity of block at radian
frequency u> propagating vibration -
Ratio Mm/Mm0

ANNEX C
( Clause 3.2 )

EXTRAPOLATION OF FREQUENCY RESPONSE CURVE FOR

OBTAINING NATURAL FREQUENCY OF TIIE SYSTEM

Cl In case of stiff soils where the resonant m 0 = Eccentric mass,

frequency is higher than the limit to which the block e = Eccentricity,
can be excited by the vibration equipment, extrapolation = Frequency of excitation
of the response curve may be resorted to as indicated k” = Spring constant, and
below to evaluate the resonant frequency of the system. C = Coefficient of damping.
This holds for a single degree of freedom system
as in case of vertical vibrations. However, workable By substituting in above equation
values of f. may also be obtained for horizontal
vibrations. = 2lrf
A” = M/( mo.e )’
From the theory of mechanical vibrations the relation A1 = ( c2-2kM )/{ ( mo.e )” ( 2x )‘}
between the amplitude of vibrations (AZ) and the
and2A, = k2/{( mO.e )’ ( 2n )4},
frequency (w) for the forced vibrations is given by:
A,f4 + A2f2 + A, = ( f4/‘Az2)
Fo
AZ = C-2 The above equation can be solved if a minimum
( k-mo2)2tc2W2 of three points are known on the rising portion of
the curve. Average values of A,, A,, A, may be
obtained if more than three points are available by
solving the equation for set of three points taken
at a time. Knowing the value of A,, A, and A, the
amplitudes at different frequencies can be worked
where out and the frequency corresponding to maximum
F, = m0ew2 = Dynamic force, amplitude, that is, the resonant frequency determined.

ANNEX D
( Clause 7.3.3 and 9.5 )

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SHEAR MODULUS, YOUNG’S MODULUS,

COEFFICIENT OF ELASTIC UNIFORM COMPRESSION, ETC

Values of shear modulus G and Young’s modulus Cy can be obtained from E by the equation
E are related to each other by the relation given
1.13 E
below: cu =
E (I- E2) VT
G, = ~ where
2( 1 t E )
where A = area of contact
e = Poision’s ratio, NOTE - This relation between Cu and E is based upon the
assumption that E remains constant with depth.

9
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course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade
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Revision of Indian Standards

Indian Standards are reviewed periodically and revised, when necessary and amendments, if any, are
issued from time to time. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of
the latest amendments or edition. Comments on this Indian Standard may be sent to BIS giving the
following reference :

Dot : No. CED 43 ( 4242)

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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