dbg :d[lt k|lti7fg g]kfn

bf];|f] ;fwf/0f;efdf k|:t't k|ltj]bg @)%%

dbg :d[lt k|lti7fg g]kfnsf] bf]>f] ;fwf/0f ;ef @)%% df k|:t't k|ltj]bg

cfb/0fLo cWoIf dxf]bo, sfo{sfl/0fL ;xsdL{ ldqx? Pj+ k|lti7fgsf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:oHo"x?,
hgg]tf dbgs'df/ e08f/Lsf] :d[ltdf :yflkt o; dbg :d[lt k|lti7fg g]kfnsf] bf];|f] ;fwf/0f;efsf cj;/df
;j{k|ydM hgg]tf dbgs'df/ e08f/L / hLj/fh cfl>tk|lt efjk"0f{ >4fGhnL ck{0f ug{ rfxG5' .
hgg]tfsf] :d[ltdf :yflkt o; k|lti7fgn] ljleGg cf/f]x cj/f]xx? kf/ub}{ cfh $ jif{ ( dlxgf ^ lbgsf] pd]/
Joltt ubf{ o; sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltn] klg ! jif{ & dlxgf !( lbg k|lti7fgsf] pGglt / k|ult ug]{tkm{ ;fwf/0f;efn]
lbPsf] cleef/f axg u/L ;s]sf] 5 . o; cjlwdf ;fwf/0f;efn] lbPsf] lhDd]jf/Lx?nfO{ k"/f ug]{ l;nl;nfdf
sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltaf6 ePu/]sf sfdx?sf] ;DaGwdf o; ;Ddflgt ;ef ;dIf ;+If]kdf n]vfhf]vf k|:t't ug]{ cg'dlt
rfxG5' .
cfb/0fLo ;b:oHo"x?,
o; sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltn] @)%# ;fn kmfNu'0f ^ ut]bl] v cfkm\gf] sfo{ef/ ;Dxfn]sf] Joxf]/f ofxfFx?nfO{ cjut /x]s}
5 . o; k|lti7fgsf] pGglt / k|ultsf nflu 7f]; gLlt tyf of]hgf agfpg] l;nl;nfdf xfn;Dd o; sfo{sfl/0fL
;ldltsf] & k6s a}7s a;]sf] / tL a}7sx?df lgDglnlvt ljifox?df 5nkmn u/L lg0f{ox? ul/P .
!= k|lti7fgsf] sfdnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{sfnflu lgodfjnL tof/ ug]{ .
@= c:ktfn lgdf{0f tyf ;+rfng ug]{ .
#= cw'/f] ejgsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ k"/f ug]{ .
$= e]6]/Lg/L sIff ;+rfngsf] cfjZos Joj:yf ug]{ .
%= ;Lkd"ns sfo{qmdx? yk tyf Jojl:yt ug]{ .
^= k|lti7fgn] ;+rfng ug]{ sfo{qmdx?nfO{ cfly{s ;|f]tsf] Joj:yf ug{ ljleGg /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o bft[ ;+:yfx?, >L %
sf] ;/sf/ tyf :yfgLo lgsfox?;Fu cfly{s ef}lts ;xof]u dfu ug]{ .
&= k|lti7fgsf] ;Dklt ;+/If0f tyf ef]u sfod ug]{ .
*= d'Vo sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f ug]{ .
(= cfFvf zLlj/ ;+rfng ug]{ .
!)= k|lti7fgåf/f ;+rfng ul/Psf sfo{qmdx?sf] cfjZostfnfO{ k"/f ub}{ ltgLx?nfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ cflb .
o;/L sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltaf6 ePsf lg0f{ox?nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ l;nl;nfdf k|lti7fgsf] ljwfg cg'?k lgodfjnL
tof/ u/L @)%$ ;fn d+l;/ ! ut]b]lv nfu" ul/Psf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ k|lti7fgsf sfd sfjf{xLx?nfO{ Jojl:yt
ug]{tkm{ s]xL ;xhtf cfPsf] 5 .
k|lti7fgsf] bds–* tf/faf/Ldf ut b'O{ jif{b]lv lgdf{0f sfo{ cw'/f] /x]sf] ejgsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ k"/f u/L xfnnfO{ !%
z}of;Ddsf] c:ktfn ;+rfng ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf]n] ;f]xL cg';f/sf s]xL ef}lts Joj:yf ul/;lsPsf] 5 . c:ktfn
;+rfngsf nflu ul/Psf] ef}lts Joj:yfsf ;DaGwdf k|lti7fgsf] xfnsf] cj:yf zLif{s cGtu{tsf] c:ktfn
pkzLif{saf6 hfgsf/L x'g] g} 5 . o;/L k|lti7fgn] g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ ;xh / z'ne ?kdf :jf:Yo pkrf/ ;]jf
k'¥ofpg] / b]zsf nflu bIf :jf:Yo k|fljlwsx? tof/ ug]{ pb]Zon] c:ktfn ;+rfng ug{ nfu]sf] / xfn To;tkm{
cfjZos tof/Lsf] l;nl;nfdf ef}lts ;fdu|L tyf hgzlQmsf] Joj:yf ug]{, :jLs[lt k|fKt ug]{ cflb sfo{ ul//x]s]f 5
/ c:ktfn ;+rfng ug]{ cfjZos k|lqmof tyf tof/L k"/f gx'Fbfsf] ;dodf klg hgtfnfO{ s]xL dfqfdf :jf:Yo ;]jf
k'¥ofpg @)%$ sflQs @) ut]b]lv @* ut];Dd cfFvf pkrf/ lzjL/ ;+rfng ul/of] / @)%$ ;fn kmfNu'0f &
ut]b]lv :jf:Yo pkrf/ s]Gb| ;+rfng eO/x]sf] 5 .
sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ e]6/Lg/L h]=l6=P= sIff ;+rfngsf nflu cfjZos ef}lts tyf hgzlQmsf]
Joj:yf u/L @)%$ ;fn efb|b]lv k7gkf7g ;+rfng ul/of] . To;}u/L ;Lkd"ns tflnd sfo{qmdtkm{ klxn]b]lv
;]/fldS; / Aofu lgdf{0f;DaGwL tflnd ;+rfng eO/x]sf]df tL tflndx?nfO{ Jojl:yt ub}{ c? yk tflndx?
9
;+rfng ug]{u/L lg0f{o eP cg'?k ;]/fldS; tflndnfO{ pTkfbgd"ns ?kn] ;+rfng ug]{ ;daGwdf cfjZos cWoog
ug{ ef/tsf] 7"nf–7"nf ;]/fldS; pBf]ux? /x]sf] :yfg r'gf/, lbNnLtkm{ 6f]nL k7fO{ To;;DaGwL cfjZos yk
hfgsf/L k|fKt u/]sf] t/ cfly{s cefjsf sf/0fn] ;f] cg'?k xfn To;df ;'wf/ ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g .
;Lkd"ns tflndx? ;dfh tyf b]zsf] cfjZostf cg'?k kl/jt{g ub}{ ;+rfng ug'{ pko'Qm x'g]xF'bf / cfly{s ?kdf
;d]t wfGg sl7g x'g] ePsf]n] klxn] ;+rfng eO/x]sf] Aofu lgdf{0f tflndnfO{ kl/jt{g u/L sk8f l;nfO{ tflnd
;+rfng ug{ z'? ul/of] . To;}u/L ufpF3/df ;lhn};Fu k|fKt x'g] sRrf kbfy{df cfwfl/t j:t' pTkfbg ug]{ ;Lk
k|bfg ug'{ ;xh / pko'Qm x'g] 7x/ u/L afF;kmlg{r/ tyf ;hfj6sf ;fdfg tof/ ug]{;DaGwL tflnd sfo{qmd @)%$
h]i7 dlxgfdf n'yg| ljZj ;+u7gsf] ;xof]udf ;+rfng ul/of] . o; tflndaf6 !% hgfnfO{ ;Lk k|bfg ul/of] .
k|lti7fgsf] p2]Zo hg;/f]sf/sf ljljw If]qsf sfo{x? ug'{ cyf{t a9LeGbf a9L hgf]kof]uL sfo{ ug'{ g} ePsf]x'Fbf
k|lti7fgn] ;+rfng ug]{ ;a} sfo{qmdx? d'gfkmfd'vL geP/ ;]jfd'vL x'g'kg]{ x'Fbf To:tf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug{sf
nflu cfly{s ;|f]tsf] vf]hL ub}{ To;sf] Jjj:yf ug'{kg]{x'Fbf To;sf nflu ljleGg /fli6«o cGt/fli6«o bft[ ;+:yfx?, >L
% sf] ;f/sf/ tyf :yfgLo lgsfox?;Fu cfly{s tyf ef}lts ;xof]u dfu ug]{ lg0f{o cg';f/ cf=j=@)%$÷)%% df
>L % sf] ;/sf/, emfkf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, bds gu/kflnsf / cGo uflj;x?af6 cfly{s ;xof]u k|fKt x'g ;Sof]
h;sf] lj:t[t hfgsf/L cfly{s k|ltj]bgaf6 k|fKt x'g] g} 5 . To;}u/L ljleGg /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o bft[ ;+:yfx?af6
;xof]u k|fKt ug]{ l;nl;nfdf ef/tLo b'tfjf;, Knfg O06/g]zgn g]kfn, z/0fyL{;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo pRr
cfof]u (UNHCR) Sofl/6f; g]kfn, ljZj vfBsfo{qmd, n'y|g ljZj ;+u7g, cgf}krfl/s If]q s]Gb| -OG;]s_
cf/=cf/=Pg= cflb ;Fu of]hgf k]z u/L ;xof]u k|fKt ug]{ k|oTg ul/of] . kmn:j?k Knfg O06/g]zgnaf6 5f]6f]
cjlwdf kmnkm"n÷t/sf/L v]tL, kz':jf:Yo, k]l06ª cflb tflnd ;+rfngsf nflu ;xof]u k|fKt eof] .
To;}u/L OG;]ssf] ;xof]udf l;nfO{ / l;sdL{;DaGwL ^÷^ dlxg] tflndsfo{qmd ;+rfng eO/x]sf] 5 . /, c? bft[
;+:yfx?af6 klg ;xof]usf nflu arg k|fKt ePsf] 5 / To;sf nflu sfjf{+xL cufl8 a9fOPsf] 5 . ef/tLo
b'tfjf;af6 klg s]xL cfly{s ;xof]u k|fKt ePsf] 5 . k|lti7fgsf] ;Dkltsf] ;+/If0f ug{ d'VotM 3]/fjf/f ul/g'
cfjZos 7fgL ;f]xL cg';f/ lg0f{o ePsf]n] k|lti7fgsf] pnf{af/L uflj;–@ l:yt ejg tyf hUufdf sfF8]tf/sf]
3]/fjf/f nufOPsf] / tf/faf/L / d+uajf/]sf] ejg tyf hUufdf sDkfp08 kvf{n nufpg]tkm{ k|oTg eO/x]sf] 5 .
To;sf nflu df]/ª lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt / emfkf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;dIf ;xof]u dfu ul/Psf] 5 . k|lti7fgsf]
gfddf btf{ ePsf] tf/faf/Lsf] s]xL hUufdf cfkm\gf] ef]u sfod x'g g;s]sf]n] pQm hUufdf ef]u sfod ug]{ egL
sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltaf6 lg0f{o ePsf] eP tfklg xfn;Dd klg ef]u sfod ug{;lsPsf] 5}g . To;tkm{ cfjZos k|oTg
eg] eO/x]sf] 5 .
k|lti7fgn] 5f]6f] cjlwdf g} cfkm\gf ejgx? tof/ u/L sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ ;s]sf] eP tfklg o;sf] d'Vo sfof{no
eg] cWofjlw ef8fdf g} /fVg' kl//x]sf] 5 . To;af6 k|lti7fgsf] jflif{s sl/j ?= $% xhf/ vr{ eO/x]sf] 5 . o;
s'/fnfO{ dgg u/L sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltn] k|lti7fgsf] d'Vo sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f ug]{ :yn 5gf}6, gS;f tyf nfut
Oli6d]6 tof/ ug]{ u/L ;ldlt u7g u/L sfsf] lhDd]jf/L lbPsf]df pQm ;ldltn] cfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/L cg'?ksf] sfo{
;DkGg ul/;s]sf] x'Fbf cj lgs6 eljiob]lv g} ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ul/g]5 . k|lti7fgåf/f ;+rfng eO/x]sf
k|fljlws z}lIfs sfo{qmdx?sf] cfjZostfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L ltgLx?nfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ egL lg0f{o ul/P cg';f/ ;a}
sfo{qmdx?nfO{ tTsfn cfjZos kg]{ k|of]uzfnf tyf sfo{zfnf cf}hf/ pks/0fx?sf] yk Joj:yf, k':tsfnodf yk
k':tsx?sf] Joj:yf, cfjZos hgzlQmsf] Joj:yf ul/of] t/ o:tf s'/fx?sf] lg/Gt/ Joj:yf ul//xg' kg]{ x'Fbf k"0f{
eg] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;jcf]e/lzo/ sfo{qmdsf nflu sfo{zfnf ejgsf] cfjZostf ePsf]x'Fbf !#$ x !& sf]
sfo{zfnf ejg lgdf{0f ul/of] . o; ejgaf6 lgdf{0f, sfk]{06«L / KnlDaËsf] sfo{zfnfsf] cfjZostf k"/f ePsf] 5 .
k|lti7fgn] lj/f6gu/ js{;k -d]sflgsn_ k|fKt u/L To;df d]sflgsn Ol~hlgol/Ëtkm{sf] tflnd ;+rfng ub}{
To;nfO{ pTkfbg sfo{df ;d]t nufpg] of]hgf agfP cg'?k pQm js{;k k|fKt ug{ k|oTg ug]{ egL lg0f{o ul/Psf]df
;f] k|fKt x'g;s]g . To;}u/L ljz]if sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ rfFu'gf/fo0fdf hUuf k|fKt ug]{ ;DaGwdf k|oTg ug]{ egL
lg0f{o ul/Psf]df xfn;Dd klg pQm sfo{ x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .
o;/L o; sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltaf6 ;do ;dodf ldl6Ë a}7sx? a;L pk/f]Qm adf]lhdsf sfo{x? ;DkGg ePsf]
Joxf]/f ;b:oHo"x?nfO{ cjut u/fp5' .
10
k|lti7fgåf/f xfn ;+rflnt sfo{qmdx?M
k|fli7fgdf xfn k|fljlws lzIfftkm{ lgDglnlvt sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng eO/x]sf] 5 .
!= l;=Pd=P= z}lIfs sfo{qmdM
k|fli7fgåf/f cfkm\g} nfutdf ;+rfng ul/Psf] of] klxnf] sfo{qmd xf] . of] sfo{qmd @)%@ ;fn h]i7 # ut] hgg]tf
dbgs'df/ e08f/Lsf] jflif{s k'0oltlysf cj;/df cfof]lht sfo{qmddf tfTsfnLg lzIff, ;+:s[lt tyf ;dfhsNof0f
dGqL df]bgfy k|l>tHo"af6 pb\3f6g eO{ ;+rfng z'? ul/Psf] xf] . of] sfo{qmddf xfn;Dd @#% hgf ljBfyL{x?n]
cfkm\gf] cWoog k"/f ul/;s]sf / xfn !@# hgf ljBfyL{x? cWoog/t 5g\ . o; z}lIfs sfo{qmdsf] klxnf] ;qdf
cWoog ug]{ ;a} ljBfyL{x?, bf];|f] ;qdf cWoog ug]{ %* hgf / t];|f] ;qsf $! hgf ljBfyL{x? pQL{0f eO{ b]zsf
ljleGg :yfgdf sfo{/t 5g\ .
l;=Pd=P= / c=g=dL= sfo{qmddf u/L ( hgf k"0f{sfnLg k|lzIfsx? sfo{/t 5g\ . /, ;do ;dodf cfjZostf
cg';f/ c4{sfnLg k|lzIfsx?sf] Joj:yf;d]t u/L k7g kf7g ;+rfng ub}{cfOPsf] 5 . o; sfo{qmddf /x]sf
ef}lts ;fwgx?sf] ;DaGwdf k|lti7fgsf] ef}lts l:ylt zLif{saf6 cjut x'g]g}5 .
@= c=g=dL= z}lIfs sfo{qmdM
of] sfo{qmd @)%# cfiff9 dlxgfb]lv ;+rfng eO/x]sf] 5 . of] sfo{qmd / l;=Pd=P= sfo{qmdnfO{ Pp6} z}lIfs
k|zf;gaf6 ;+rfng ul/Psf]n] o;df sfo{/t k|lzIfs / o;sf ef}lts ;fdfu|Lx? klg Pp6} /x]sf 5g\ . o;
sfo{qmddf xfn t];|f] ;qsf] egf{ lnO{ ;+rfng eO/x]sf] 5 . Ps ;qdf $) hgf;Dd dlxnf ljBfyL{x/n] cWoog
ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf 5 . o;sfo{qmddf xfn;Dd hgzlQm pTkfbg eO;s]sf] 5}g .
#= ;acf]e/l;o/M
of] sfo{qmd @)%# ;fn efb| dlxgfb]lv ;+rfng ul/Psf] xf] . o; sfo{qmddf *) hgf;Dd ljBfyL{x?n] cWoog ug{
kfpg] Joj:yf eP tfklg ljBfyL{sf] cefjdf klxnf] ;qdf #) hgf / bf];|f] ;qdf %) hgf ljBfyL{x?n] dfq cWoog
u/]sf 5g\ . t];|f] ;qdf klg ljBfyL{ ;+Vof cToGt Go"g /x]sf] 5 . o; sfo{qmddf xfn % hgf k|lzIfsx? sfo{/t 5g\
/ ;do ;dodf cfjZostf cg';f/ c4{sfnLg k|lzIfssf] Joj:yf;d]t u/L k7g kf7g ;+rfng ul/b}cfPsf] 5 .
o;sfo{qmddf /x]sf ef}lts ;fwgsf ;DaGwdf klg k|lti7fgsf] ef}lts l:ylt zLif{saf6 cjut x'g]g}5 . o;
sfo{qmdaf6 klg xfn;Dd k|fljlws pTkfbg eO;s]sf] 5}g .
$= e]6/Lg/L z}lIfs sfo{qmdM
of] z}lIfs sfo{qmd @)%$ ;fn efb|b]lv ;+rfng ul/Psf] xf] . o;df klxnf] ;qdf #) hgf ljBfyL{x?n] cWoog
u/]sf lyP / pgLx?n] klg ev{/} dfq clGtd k/LIff lbO{ cf]=h]=6L= tflnddf ;+nUg eO/x]sf 5g\ . o;df klg
xfn;Dd k|fljlws pTkfbg eO;s]sf] 5}g . o; sfo{qmddf # hgf k|lzIfs sfo{/t 5g\ . cfjZostf cg';f/
c4{sfnLg k|lzIfssf] ;d]t Joj:yf u/L k7g kf7g ;+rfng ul/b}cfOPsf] 5 . o; sfo{qmdd /x]sf ef}lts
;fwgx?sf] ;DaGwd klg k|lti7fgsf] ef}lts l:ylt zLif{sd pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

k|lti7fgn] ;Lkd"ns tflndtkm{ lgDg sfo{qmdx/ ;+rfng ul//x]sf] 5M

!= ;]/fldS; tflndM
of] tflnd k|lti7fgn] ;a} eGbf klxn]b]lv ;+rfng ul/cfPsf] xf] . z'?df @)%! df3 dlxgfb]lv @)%@ cfiff9;Dd
of] sfo{qmd ;]/fldS; k|jw{g cfof]hgf eQmk'/, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no df]/ª / o; k|lti7fgsf] ;+o'Qm
cfof]hgfdf ;+rfng ul/Psf]df @)%@ ;fn r}qb]lv k|lti7fg PSn}n] ;+rfng ul/cfPsf] 5 . ut ;fn eg] Knfg
O06/g];gnsf] ;xof]udf ;+rfng ul/of] . t/ o; jif{ eg] s]xL pTkfbgsf] sfo{dfq eO/x]sf] 5 . k|lzIffyL{x?sf]
cefjdf tflnd eg] ;+rfng x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . o; tflnd sfo{qmddf @ hgf k|lzIfsx? sfo{/t 5g\ .
@= l;sdL{ tflndM
of] tflnd @)%% ;fn a}zfv !% ut]b]lv OG;]ssf] ;xof]udf ;+rfng eO/x]sf] 5 . o; tflnddf & hgf
k|lzIffyL{x? ;Lk cfh{g ul//x]sf 5g\ . o;df Ps hgf k|lzIfs sfo{/t 5g\ . of] sfo{qmd xfnnfO{ ^
11
dlxgfsf] cjlw lgwf{/0f u/L ;+rfng ul/Psf] 5 . o; cjlwdf of] sfo{qmddf OG;]ssf] l;kmfl/;df cfPsf
;'b'/klZrd g]kfnsf] afFs], alb{of, s}nfnL / s+rgk'/sf yf? hfltsf k|lzIffyL{x? ;+nUg 5g\ .
#= l;nfO{ tflndM
of] tflnd @)%@ ;fn r}q dlxgfdf Aofu lgdf{0f tflndaf6 z'? ul/Psf] xf] . To; cGt/ut #) hgf
k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{ tflnd lbOPsf] lyof] . of] tflnd sl/a Ps jif{;Dd aGb u/L @)%% ;fn a}zfs !% ut]b]lv
sk8f l;nfO{sf] ?kdf k'gM ;+rfng z'? ul/of] . xfn sk8f l;nfO{ tflnddf afFs], alb{of, s}nfnL / s+rgk'/sf
@) hgf yf? hfltsf dlxnfx? ;xefuL 5g\ . of] tflnd klg OG;]ssf] ;xof]udf ^ dlxgfsf] cjlw lgwf{/0f u/L
;+rfng ul/Psf] xf] . o; tflnddf @ hgf k|lzIfs sfo{/t 5g\ .
cGo sfo{qmdx?M
o; k|lti7fgn] o; If]qsf hgtfx?nfO{ ;'ne ?kdf :jf:Yo ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] p2]Zon] c:ktfn ;+rfng ug]{
of]hgf /fv]sf] eP tfklg xfn;Dd To;sf] cfjZos tof/L / k|lqmof k"/f gePsf sf/0fn] ubf{ c:ktfn ;+rfng
x'g;ls/x]sf] 5}g . tyflk @)%$ ;fn kmfNu'g & ut]b]lv :jf:Yo pkrf/ s]Gb|sf] ?kdf ;+rfng eO/x]sf] 5 . xfn
oxfFaf6 :jf:Yo k/LIf0f, 8«]l;Ë nufot cGo ;fdfGo pkrf/fTds ;]jf k'¥ofpFb}cfPsf] 5 . o;sfo{qmddf k"0f{ ?kdf
@ hgf M.B.B.S 8fS6/ / ! hgf :jf:Yo ;xfos sfo{/t 5g\ . :jf:Yo z}lIfs sfo{qmdtkm{sf k|lzIfsx?nfO{ klg
:jf:Yo pkrf/ s]Gb|df klg sfo{ u/fpFb}cfOPsf] 5 .

cGo tflnd sfo{qmdx?M

pk/f]Qm sfo{qmdx?sf cltl/Qm k|lti7fgn] ldlt @)%$ r}q a}zfvdf 8]9 dlxg] kmnkm"n tyf t/sf/L v]tL, kz'
:jf:Yo;DaGwL tflnd sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/L ^) hgf ls;fgx?nfO{ To; ;DaGwdf lzIff k|bfg u¥of] . To;}u/L
@)%% >fj0f dlxgfdf &÷& lbg] @ cjlwsf] kmnkm"n v]tL;DaGwL tflnd Knfg O06/g]zgn g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf
pnf{af/L–^ / zlgZr/] df]/ªdf ;+rfng ul/of] . k|lti7fgn] pnf{af/L– ^ d+unaf/]df kz' :jf:Yo pkrf/ ;]jf;d]t
k|bfg ub}{cfPsf] 5 . To;}u/L s+rgk'/ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt;Fu @)%% a}zfvb]lv >fj0f;Dd afF; kmlg{r/ tyf
;hfj6sf ;fdfgx? tof/L ug]{;DaGwL tflnd dx]Gb|gu/df ;+rfng u¥of] . o;/L o; sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltn] k|lti7fgnfO{
cu|ult lbgsf nflu pk/f]Qm sfo{+qmdx? ;+rfng ub}{cfPsf] Joxf]/f o; ;Ddflgt ;ef ;dIf k|:t't ug{ rfxG5' .

;Ddflgt ;b:oHo"x? .
k|lti7fgn] hgg]tf dbgs'df/ e08f/L / >4]o g]tf hLj/fh cfl>tsf] jflif{s k'0oltly / hGd holGtsf cj;/df
klg ljleGg sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ub}{cfO/x]sf] 5 . h; cg';f/ @)%$ ;fn h]i7 # ut] :d[lt ;ef / ljrf/
cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;+rfng eof] . To;}u/L @)%$ cfiff9 !$ ut] o; k|lti7fg;d]tsf] cfof]hgfdf lj/f6gu/df
æhgtfsf] ax'bnLo hgjfb / :yfgLo lgsfo kl/rfngdf dbg e08f/Lsf] ;f]rÆ ljifos ljrf/ uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf
ul/of] . @)%% ;fn h]i7 # ut] k|lti7fg;d]tsf] cfof]hgfdf dbg cfl>t :d[lt ;ef ;DkGg ul/of] / o:tf ;ef
;df/f]xx? ;do ;dodf ub}{cfOPsf] 5 .
k|lti7fgsf] xfnsf] l:yltM
o; k|lti7fgsf] xfnsf] l:ylt lgDgfg';f/sf] /x]sf]5 M
!= cfly{s l:yltM
o; k|lti7fgsf] cfly{s ;|f]tdf ;b:otf afkt k|fKt z'Ns /sd, hg;xof]uåf/f k|fKt x'g] /sd tyf rGbf /sd,
ljleGg bft[ ;+:yfåf/f k|fKt /sd, ljBfyL{af6 z'Ns afkt p7]sf] /sd, >L % sf] ;/sf/ tyf cGo lgsfox?af6
k|fKt cg'bfg ;xof]usf] /sd cflb /x]sf]df k|yd ;fwf/0f ;efb]lv otsf lbgx?df ;b:otf afkt / hg;xof]uaf6
s'g}klg /xs o; k|lti7fgnfO{ k|fKt x'g;s]sf] 5}g . ;Lkd"ns tflnd sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf nflu Knfg O06/g];gn
/ OG;]saf6 s]xL ;xof]u k|fKt ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L cf=j= @)%$÷)%% df >L % sf] ;/sf/, emfkf lhNnf ljsf;
;ldlt, bds gu/kflnsf, s]xL uflj;x? / ef/tLo /fhb'tfjf;af6 s]xL cfly{s cg'bfg ;xof]u k|fKt ePs]f 5 .
k|lti7fgsf] cfly{s l:yltsf ;DaGwdf cfly{s k|ltj]bgaf6 lj:t[t hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g]g}5 .

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hgzlQmM
o; k|lti7fgdf xfnsfo{qmd lgb]{zs !, k|lzIfs $, ;xfos k|lzIfsx? u/L @@ hgf d]l8sn clws[t 8fS6/ @
hgf / cGo k|zf;lgs sd{rf/Lx? ( hgf u/L hDdf #& hgf sfo{/t 5g\ / cfjZostf cg';f/ ;do ;dodf
cw{sfnLg k|lzIfsx? sIffsf] cfwf/df kfl/>lds lbg]u/L sfddf nufpFb} cfOPsf] 5 . k|lti7fgsf cWoIfnfO{ klg
@)%$ ;fn >fj0f dlxgfb]lv sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltn] dfl;s eQf lgwf{/0f u/L k"0f{ sfnLg agfPsf] 5 .

sfo{;Dkfbgdf k|fKt cg'ej / b]lvPsf ;d:ofx?M

k|lti7fg :yfkgfsf] cToGt 5f]6f] ;dodf g} k|lti7fgnfO{ b]zsf ljleGg If]qdf kl/lrt u/fpFb} ljleGg ;xof]u /
z'e]R5f k|fKt u/L k|fljlws If]qsf $ j6f z}lIfs sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug{ cfjZos tof/L ug'{ lgZro g} 7"nf]
pknlAw dfGg' kb{5 . s'g}klg sfd ug{ ljZjf;sf ;fy sl6a4 eO{ nfUg] xf] eg] h'g;'s} sfd klg ;kmntfk"j{s
;DkGg ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] cg'ej o; sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltn] cfkm\gf] sfo{sfndf k|fKt u/]sf] cg'ej xf] .
vf;u/L o; k|lti7fgn] xfn;Dd k|fljlws lzIff tyf Joj;flos tflnd kl/ifbsf] :jLs[t lnP/ h'lgo/ txsf]
k|fljlws lzIff / s]xL ;Lkd"ns tflnd sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng u/L cfPsf]x'Fbf o; k|lti7fgnfO{ k|fljlws lzIff tyf
Joj;flos tflnd kl/ifbaf6 a]nfa]nfdf x'g] k|lts'n Jojxf/af6 k|lti7fgsf] sfo{;Dkfbgdf ;d:of cfpg]u/]sf] 5 .
To;}u/L k|lti7fgsf] ljBfyL{ z'Ns afx]s c? cfly{s ;|f]tx? lglZrt / lgoldt gePsf sf/0f of]hgfa4 ?kdf sfd
ug{ gkfpg' k|lti7fgsf] csf]{ ;d:ofsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . hxfF hlta]nf h'gs'/f k|fKt x'G5 To;}nfO{ cfwf/ dfgL
xfn;Dd klg sfo{ ug'{kl//x]sf] 5 .
o:tf ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg ug{sf nflu ;+;baf6 g} ljw]os kf; u/fO{ o; k|lti7fgnfO{ ljz]if P]g cGtu{t ul7t
;+:yfsf] ?kdf ljsf; ul/g]tkm{ ;f]Rg'kg]{ ePsf] 5 .

cfufdL r'gf}tLx?M
o; k|lti7fgåf/f xfn ;~rfng eO/x]sf h'lgo/ 6]lSgl;ogsf sIffx? ca nfdf] ;do;Dd rNg ;Sg] b]lvb}g .
To;df klg o; k|lti7fgdf k|j]z k/LIff lbg] k/LIffyL{x?sf] 7"n} ;+Vof k|fljlws lzIff tyf Joj;flos tflnd
kl/ifbn] cg'QL0f{ u/fpg] sf/0fn] klg ljBfyL{ ;+Vofdf sdL cfPsf] 5 . To;}n] To;tkm{ ;do;fk]If ?kdf ;f]r
ljrf/ u/L sfo{qmdx?nfO{ kl/jt{g ub}{ ;~rfng ul/g' clgjfo{ 5 .
To;}u/L o; k|lti7fgsf] xfnsf] sfg'gL cl:tTjdf kl/jt{g u/L /fli6«o :t/sf] ;+:yf agfpgsf nflu ;+;baf6
ljw]os kf; u/fO{ o; k|lti7fgnfO{ ljz]if P]g cGt{t ul7t ;+:yf agfpg' kg]{ xf] ls To;tkm{ klg ;f]Rg' cfjZos 5 .
;fy} k|lti7fgåf/f ;~rflnt sfo{qmdx?nfO{ Jojl:yt u/fpg / k|lti7fgsf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ of]hgfa4 ?kdf ljsf;
ub}{ ;~rfng ug{sf nflu lgoldt / dha't cfly{s ;|f]tsf] Joj:yf ul/g' cyjf ;+If]kdf eGbf o; k|lti7fgnfO{ x/
t/xn] ljsf; ub}{ nfg' cfufdL lbgsf nflu r'gf}tLsf ljifo ag]sf 5g\ .

cfb/0fLo ;b:oHo"x? Û
o; sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltn] cfkm\gf] u7g kZrft cyf{t Ps jif{ ;ft dlxgf !( lbgdf k|lti7fgsf] pGglt tyf
ljsf;sf nflu ljleGg gLlt lgdf{0f ug{ tyf cfOk/]sf ;d:ofx? ;dfwfg ug{ hDdf ;ft k6s a}7s a;L pk/f]Qm
pNn]lvt lg0f{ox? u/]sf] Joxf]/f o; ul/dfdo ;ef ;dIf k|:t't ub}{ cfufdL lbgx?df b|'t ultdf sfo{ ug{sf nflu
o; ;efaf6 7f]; ;Nnfx / ;'emfj lbg tyf pko'{Qm lg0f{o ug{sf nflu cg'/f]w ub}{ o; sfo{sf/Ll0f ;ldltaf6
xfn;Ddsf] cfˆkm\f] sfo{sfndf eP u/]sf sfo{x? ;+If]kdf /fVb} ljbf dfUb5' .

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