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CASILLAS
DE TALLER
CAlCUlOS
ES PROPIEDAD
INTELECTUAL BY EDICIONES
DEL
AUTOR
CALCULOS
MAQUINAS
POR
DE TALLER
10
COPYRIGHT
«MAQUINAS"
PRINTED IMPRESO
IN SPAIN EN ESPANA
A. L. CASI LLAS
PR6LOGO
DEL AUTOR
La mas hermosa y noble de todas las labores humanas es la del sembrador en cualquiera de sus aplicaciones que suponga uti/idad para sus semejantes; asi se ha hecho con este pequeiio Iibro, una siembra fructifera que ha conducido y ayudado a muchos millares de hombres en su trabajo. Su autor hace un alto en el camino para meditar y considerar los frutos recogidos, sintiendose satisfecho de una labor que tallto ha sido agradecida por quienes en el campo del trabajo necesitaron de una mano conductora para seguir la ruta profesional, en la cual fue su guia este libro, asi como los demos Iibros complementarios que se han ido editando sucesivamente con un solo ideal: «AI servicio del Trabajo.» Veinticinco ahos cumpliendo una miston que no fue iniciada con Jines comerciales, sino impuesta por el sentido de la necesidad y el deseo de ayudar a quienes tenian que andar por el espinoso camino de la formacion profesional, solos, y separando las zarzas para poder pasar venciendo todas las dificultades que su falta de preparacion les imponia. Es un balance digno de todo examen, porque servir al trabajo. es servir a la mejor de las causas, puesto que este hace posible la existencia de una labor construct iva, y se convierte en el mas fuerte sosten de la sociedad, engrandeciendo las naciones. Agradezco muy de veras a cuantos con sus cartas, escritas unas en Espana y otras desde America, me alien tan a seguir, sus elogiosas frases y su agradecimiento es la mejor recompensa que por mi modesta labor puedo recibir; y por esto quiero dejar sentado el principio de que a ellos debo una -7-
gratitud sin llmites porque han sido Jos animadores de mis obras .. han tenido fe en el hombre desconocido, en el Profesor anonimo, logrando con ello que una poderosa fuerza impulsara y acrecentara esta labor hasta alcanzar el exito obtenido, Un cambio con referencia a tiempos pasados, seiiala el notable avance de la existencia tecnica fundamentado en las Escuelas de Formacion Profesional Industrial, estatales y de empresa, que unidos a los medios de la organizacion cientifica del trabajo, servirdn para que todos cuantos sientan un deseo de formarse profesionalmente, puedan hacerlo y trabajar plenamente capacitados siguiendo una racional tecnica, cumpliendo asi con un ineludible deber de hacer prosperos sus medios de vida, cuyo fundamento tiene su base en el. trabajo con un alto indice de productividad. Esta recomendacion en forma de consejo, no debe nunca olvidarse puesto que sera en el futuro el puntal de toda prosperidad, constituyendo un deber que a todos por igua/ nos obliga. La vida inactiva merced a la labor de otros ha terminado. A. L. CASILLAS
INDICE
DE
CAPiTULO
MATERIAS
PRIMERO
Tobias de 10 drversas. Cuadrados,
ctrcunferencta.
Tobias Arcos.
CAPiTULO II tr+qonornetrtccs. - ResoJuciones del tri6ngulo cuerdas y flechos. - Elementos de Geometria. gravedad. - Palancas. CAPiTULO III Engranajes. CAPiTULO IV y diferencial para fresadoras. CAPiTULO V de rosccss - Tobias para CAPiTULO VI Sistema de conos. CAPiTULO
Herramientas
rectcnqulo, - Centres
de
Division
ordinaria
Posos diversos.
Sistema
general
roscado
en el torno.
VII
de corte en general.
Resistencia
de materiales
termico.
X
Elevccion de pesos.
CAPiTULO
Tablas de tolerancias
XI
Medicion.
en cjuste, -
Velocidades
de fcbrtcccion.
Reporccion
de outomovrles.
Ajustes
materiales.
-8-
-9-
Paginas
fNDICE
Pagin.
Cci.ncamos
A
Acerol (elecci6n de mate,ialel) •
herramientas • aleadOi para herramientcu • rapidos para herram ientas • crom e- nlquel de tratamiento cromo-nlquel de cementaci6n nlquel de cementaci6n • carbono d. cemen'aci6n. inoxidablel. • nlquel de trcitamiento. para resort ••• de frelas • » d. machos para roscar . Ajulte internacionall. S. A. agujero y eje unico AI.acion •• de diveflos metale s , Angulos de corte para cuchillas normales. » de corte para cuchillas «Widia» • Antifricci6n • Areas y dimenlionel de Ilguras planas. Aros de pilt6n 0 6mbolo • Arcol, Ilechas y cuerdas para radio I Aumento para piezas a rectillcar Autom6vil .. (reparaci6n). » ,. » ,. ,. » ,. ,. » Afllado
» »
01 carbono 01 carbona
para para
maquinaria
438 439 +to 445 445 441 442 442 442 44] 44] +46 341 -]8] ]07 523 - 55] 448-452
]]9
Calculos de fabricacion Calibres pianos 0 gal gas «Block" . » interiores y exteriores (exactitud). » interiores y exteriores (desgaste). » para roscas (errores y exactitud). » Pie de Rey (Iectura en millmetrol y pulgadas) . Calor y potencias calor Iiicas. » latente de fusi6n • » latent. de YoporizQci6n Camones 0 levas, fresado. . Cargas, equivalencic en toneladas, en libral y en kilo"ramos . Cargas que pueden soportar los tornillol y tuercas • Centros de gravedad . » protegidos para torn ear piezQS
Cemenlacion CinemciticQ. •
521 587 - 626 554 - 555 558 559 - 560 561 - 567 569 - 571 71 79 79 639 - 642 423 - "]4 457 1..2- 144 502 <461 - .. 65 48 503 - 50.. 505 "17· ..20 ..2 .. - .. 3..
409
Chave.as «Woodruff» y normales . » solidas con die"tes multiples. Cifras de dureza «Rockwell» y «Brinell». ». de durezQ «Rockwell». «Brinel!». «Shore», . Cinceles y buriles para maquina y mano .
ClasificQcion Columnas de aceros para
«Vickers»
piezQs de Qutomovil
B
Barretps 0 pro betas • Bro<al, angulol de alliado, defectos, equivalencia construcci6n 421 -422 y datos de 371 - 379
de agUQ y mercurio . Conos, celeule general, «Morse». «Me'rico», «Brown & Sharp», «Ingle~», casquillos. Contraccion lineal, superficial y cubica. . Conversion. Tablas de equivalencia entre los sistemas metrico e ingles • Comparacion de temperaturas .
324 455
c
Cabezas universales Cables metalicos Cadenas. • de la freladora «Hure». 264-265 5:20 511 - 519
Correas trapezoidales. . Cuadrados. cubas, raices, circunferencia Cubicacion de material . Cuerdas de cDilamo . Cuchillas para tornos y acepilladoras . » para cizollas » para roscar y metodos Cuila.
yarea .
"9-69 70-71 637 - 638 11-45 500 522 326 - 363 408 290 - 295 1..5
10
II
D
Oep6sitos Dlamantes Dilatacl6n ctlfndrtccs, reststenclc moeles a 10 presi6n de esmerll. interior para retornear cublca. Iineal......... • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Paglnas
456 398
P6.ginas
G
Galgas: «Imperial Standard», «Birmingham», Sharp», para elembre, chapa y fleje . Geometda: elementos. • Grados decimales en minutos y segundos . Groved ad (centros) . «Brown & 65-66 130- 141 116 142- l+f
»
Dlncimlca. Dlvlsi6n
ordinaria y dffereeere! en los cabezales de las mciqulnas fresadoras. • • . • . . • • • • • • • • •. • Divisor tlpo de mesa (relacl6n 1/60 -l/SO -1/120 -l/lSO) . Dlvlsl6n de /0 creeonrerencre en N partes Iguales • • •
L
Leetura de manometros . Levas 0 cam ones. fresado. limas, datos de caracterrsticas Lubricantes de corte . 75 639 - 642 404- 407 61" - 62
E
Ejes 0 arboles para transmlsiones • • • • • Eleccl6n de mcfterlales
Elementos para elevacl6n de pesos. • • • • • • Engranaje;s. (6rmulas generales s/m6dulo y dlametral • » «~rltish Standard». • » «BostOCk& Bramley». » c6nicos..... » hellcoldales.... » lntertcres y cremallera » ruedas y pUiones para cadena » tornillo sln·fin y su rueda. • » trazado. reslstencla y medlcl6n • » Juego de (resas Simples Equlvalenclas de fracciones here Escariadores c6nlcos. • •
LL
Llaves para tuertas • 512
200-m
190-197
M
Machos para roscas (afolado). . Manometros Mandrinos para taladros y sus cuchillas Medici6n (elementos) . Metales (aleaciones): eluminie, duraluminio, cupronfquel, brence, laton. etc .• Micr6metros (Iectura). Minutos y segundos en decimates de grado Momentos de inercia y resistencia Muelas de esmeril. MueUes . 307 75 380 - 382 554 - 576 metal monel, +f8 - 452 568 - 570 116 458 - 460 392 - 400 446 - +f7
199
198 1114-188
161-182 170 623 325 67 - 69 435 - 437 643 325 158-162 163 639- 642 364 - 370
F
Fadores de conversl6n Inglesa a m~trlca Yviteversa » de segurldad en el trabaJo de los metales • F6rmulas generales para dlmenslones de conos. Fracciones de hora • Fresado helicoidal • » de dlentes por los lados » de camones 0 levas. • Fresas. dimenslones normales . » mad res para engranajes rectos y helicoidales » mad res para ruedas a tornillo sin-fin. » simples.•• Frlgorlfocas (mezclas). • •
p
Palancas. . Pasadores c6nicos. Peso de piezCISfundidas segun su mold.., . Peso espedfico. Gt6mico, etc. • Peso ., datos d. materiGles, tubas. GIGmbres, chapcu, bo.rras de cliYersos perfiles, to....illos, tvercas. remach_, etc. Periiles ...... inodOi en""lIular U Y v;lI_ 146 325
183 189
180 80
eo
454
12-
-13 -
Paginos Pi (n). foctores. Poleo diferenciol Pol.os . Presiones . Punto de fusion y color
Punzonado.
Paginos
5
Solarios tipos «Rowan» y «Halsey» .Sierras . 622 401-403-601
R
Refriaeracio" de herramientas Reglo de senos. Reglos d. nivelor . Remoches . Reparacion de Qutomoviles Resistencia de materialas. ...... ResistenciGS de cargQl en toneladas. libra. y kilogramos Resortes. Rodamientos Q bolas y rodillos • . Rosco (defectos. medicion y formulos) . » metricQ internacional . » inglesQ «Whitworth» . » americana «Standard» » «British Association B. A.» » para builas de Qutomoviles » «Edison» para lam paras electricGS. » «Almirontozgo Brifanico ADM. F.». » «Brigg» para tubos . » «C. E. 1'»1 bicicletas y rnotocieletas . » suizQ «Progress» para reloies . » «S. A. E. Stondord» poro outomoviles . » «Shorp (V.) V. E. E.» . » «British Stondord» poro tubos de cobre » «Loewenherz» para mecQnicQ fina y opticQ » para engrasadores «Stauffer» . » dien'. de sierra, . » tropezoidol «Acme» y «Metrico» » cuadrado • » redonda. ROlcodo con cuchillo en el terne. l!) en el torno. Formulas y frenes de ruedos 615-617 127 - 128 586 506 - 509 ·629 - 633 410 - 416 424-434 446 -447 550-551-634 268 - 271 2n-273 274- 276 278 279 2BO 2BO 281 2B2 284 284 285 286 286 2ff1 2ff1 2BB 289 2BB 289 292-296 297 - 305
T
Toblos de convenion de pulgodos 0 milfmetros Toblos trigonometricos (paginos omorillos) . Temperaturas: CenUgrado, Fahrenheit. Reaumur. Torneado de precisi6n Tornillo. » con sus tuereGS Y orandelas Tornillos, cargal que pueden loportar. Tranlmisiones . Transpor.ador «Universal» . Triongulo rectangulo (soluciones) 50- 51 81 - 115 70-71 627 145 277 457 510 122 - 126
5n
v
Vapor de agUQ saturado . » de agUQ recalen.ado . Velocidod ongulor. Velocidades para muelas de esmeril » para ma.quinos ..herramientas. Verificaci6n de maquincu-herramientas J) de colibres Volumen de solidos . 76 77 47 - 48 392 587 577 554 - 567 136- 141
-14~
15-
D6DICll~OKIll.
1If.c l-tOmBK8 De
~BlIJQ
11IDS
~~pueBros.
'lllIDR YOSI&,I~O
SllBLlme IDISlon,
sa qIDlIlI
OLLeCOnSlIGRlIn
osszr
-17-
Cuadrados,
n
Cuedrado Cubo
cubes, rakes
1 I
I
Ralz cuadrado
n
34
Cuadrado
Cuba
Raizl
cuadrado
I I
i
Roll cubiCQ
1
I I
Longitud jCifCUnf4!renCiQ
Areo
35 36 37 38 39
40
I I
Rail ccbrce
longitud Circunferentlal
._I
!i
Area
I
i
907.920
962.113
1017.88
1 4: 9'
4 5
1 8 27
'I
I
+-1
6 7 8
9
16: 25 36
64 125 216
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 SO 51 52 53 54
55
r,WO-' .
1681, 1764' 1849 1936
~~~~:
II
6.0828! 3.3322 I 116.239 I 1075.21 6.1644 I 3.3620 i 119.381 i 1134.11 . 6.2450 .~_.3912 ,I 1.194.59 6.400() 6.3246 I 3.4200 125.66 1256.6:4 68921 74088 79507 85184
:~~~~
I E.~Et' 1'1120:25
128.81 131.95 135.09
10 11 12 13
I.
r-
49 1 64 I 81: 100 I
78.539&
15 16 17 18 19
20
21 22 23 14 25 26 27 28 29 JO 31 32 33
t
I'
2209 2304 2401 2500 2601 2704 2809 2916 3025 3136
:
!
3.6056
40.841 I 132.732 43.982! 47.124 50.265 53.407 56.549 62.832 153.938 176.715 201.062 226.980 254.469 283.529 314~~
I I
'I
. 12S00<J__+~~~~ ! 3~84O_;_. ~ 1963.s~ 132651 I 7.1414 :3.7084 2041.82 140608 7.2111 : 3.7325: 163.36 , 2123.72 148877 7.2801 3.7563 i 166.50 2206.18
+
I
II
1 ::~~~~
1385.44 1452.20
6.8557 3.6088! 147.65 I 1734.94 6.9282 3.6342; 150.80.: 1809.56 7.~ • 3.6593_J ... 153.94 I .1885,14
16Oi2! i
I
1
4913 -w.1231 ,2.5713 5832 4.2426 I 2.6207 _ 6859 4.3589 . I 2.6684 4.4721 12.7144
56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
~~:: ii r-;_~;~~~~~~~:~~~:~::;g; i I.
3721 3844 3969 4096 4225
~~~
~~~:~~
I'
452.389
490.874
--rl.,- 27000 .
I
:
i I
'
II
/,1
7.6811 i ~.:~3~+ 7.7460 4 7.8102 I 3.9365·-17.8740 3.9579: 87'.000093731' 3.9791 4.0000 8.0623 4.0207 8.1240 4.0412
I I
18 5 .35 8 1 8.50 191.64 I 2922.47 194.78 I 3019.07 197.92/3117.25 201.06 3216.99 204.20 3318.31 207.35 3421.19
·1 ~:~~:~_
~~!~:
I~_
....." 4624
4761
300763 314432
328509
II
4900:-343000
i 8.3666 i 4.1213
r
i
I.
219.91·1 3848.45
-18-
-19-
n
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79
Cua·
drado
Cube
Ralz cuadrado
Raiz cubica
[ Longilud iCircunferencia
Area
n
107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143
Cuedrodo
C,bo
Ralz cuadrado
Ralz
cubico
j Longitud icircunferencio
Area
357911 373248 389017 405224 421875 438976 456533 474552 493039 512000 531441 551368 571787 592704 614125 636056 658503 681472 704969 729000 753571 778688 804357 8305&4 857375 8&4736 912673 941192 970299 1000000 1030301 1061208 1092727 1124864
8,4261 8,4853 8.5440 8.6023 8.6603 8.7178 8.7750 8.8318 8.8882 8.9443 9.0000 9.0554 9.1104 9.1652 9.2195 '9.2736 9.3274 9.3808 9.4340 9.4868 9.5394 9.5917 9.6437 9.6954. 9.7468 9.7980 9.8489 9.8995 9.9499 10.0000 10.0499 10.0995 10.1489 10.1980 10.l41O 10,2956
4.1408 4.1602 4.1793 4.1983 4.2172 4.2358 4.2543 4.2727 4.2908 4.3089 4.3267 4.3445 4.3621 4.3795 4.3968 4,4140 4.4310 4.#80 4.4647 4.4814 4,4979 4.5144 4.5307 4.5468 4.5629 4.5789 4.5947 4.6104 4.6261 4.6416 4.6570 4.6723 4.6875 4.7027 4.7177 4.7326
223.05 226.19 229.34 232.48 235.62 238.76 241.90 245.04 248.19 251.33 254.47 257.61 260.75 263.89 267.04 270.18 273.32 276.46 279.60 282.74 285.88 289.oJ 292.17 295.31 298.45 301.59 304.73 307.88 311.02 314.16 317.30 320.44 323.58 326.73 329.87 311.O1
3959.19 4071.50 4185.39 4300.84 4417.86 4536.46 4656.63 4778.36 4901.67 5026.55 5153.00 5281.01 5410.61 5541.77 5674.50 5808.80 5944.68 6082.12 6221.14 6361.73 .6503.88 6647.61 6792.91 6939.78 7088.22 7238.23 7389.81 7542.96 7697.69 7853.98 8011.85 8171.28 8332.29 8494.87 8659.01 8824.73
11449 11664 11881 12100 12321 12544 12769 12996 13225 13456 13689 13924 14161 1#00 14641 14884 15129 15376 15625 15876 16129 16384 16641 16900 17161 17424 17689 17956 18225 1&496 18769 190# 19321 1'HOO 1~1 20164 1II+f9
1225043 1259712 1295029 1331000 1367631 1404928 1442897 1481544 1521>875 1560896 1601613 1643032 1685159 1728000 1771561 1815848 1860867 1906624 1953125 2000376 2048383 2097152 2146689 2197000 2248091 2299968 2352637 2406104 2460375 2515456 2571353 2628072 2683619
10.3441 10.3923 10.4403 10.4881 10.5357 10.5830 10.6301 10.6771 10.7238 10.7703 10.8167 10.8628 10.9087 10.9545 11.0000 11.0454 11.0905 11.1355 11.1803 11.2250 11.2694 11.3137 11.3578 11.4018 11.4455 11.4891 11.5326 11.5758 11.6190 11.6619 i 11.7047 111.7473 11.7898 . 11.8322
4.7475 4.7622 4.7769 4.7914 4.8059 4.8203 4.8346 4.8488 4.8629 4.8770 4.8910 4.9049 4.9187 4.9324 4.9461 4.9597 4.9732 4.9866 5.0000 5.0133 5.0265 5.0397 5.0528 5.0658 5.0788 5.0916 5.1045 5.1172 5.1299 5.1426 5.1551 5.1676! 5.1801 5.1925
j ,
8992.02 9160.88 9331.32 9503.32 9676.89 9852.03 10028.7 10207.0 10386.9 10568.3 10751.3 10935.9 11122.0 11309.7 11499.0 11689.9 11882.3 12076.3 12271.8 12469.0 12667.7 12868.0 13069.8 13273.2 13478.2 136&4.8 13892.9
i
I
6084
6241
I
i
80
81 82 83 84 85 86
6400
6561 6724
6889
7056 7225 7396 7569 7744 7921 8100 8281
358.14 361.28 364.42 367.57 370.71 373.85 376.99 380.13 383.27 386.42 389.56 392.70 395.&4 398.98 402.12 405.27 408,41 411.55 414.69 417.83 420.97 424.12 427.26 430.40 433.54 436.68 439.82 +46.11
87
88 89
90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97
8464
8649 8836
i
!
902S
9216 9409 9604 9801 10000 10201 10404 10609 10816 11025 11236
98
99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106
I
...J.._
27_ 286llaI
l924207 18113221
1157615
1191016
+fl."
449.15
lQ16O,6
-20-
-21-
n
1+4 145 146 147 148 149 150
Cuedrado
Cuba
Raiz I cuadrado
Raiz cublco
'Longitud •. icircunferencioi
Area
n
180
181 182 183 1&4 185 186 187 188 189
Cuadrado
Cube
Rob cuadrado
Ralz cubicQ
Longitud circ;unferencia
Area
29859&4
12.0000
3048625
3112136 3176523 3241792 3307949 3375000 3442951 3511808 3581577 3652264 3723875 3796416 3869893 3944312
12.0416
12.0830 12.1244 12.1655 12.2066 12.2474 12.2882 12.3288 12.3693
~455.53
458.67 461.81 464.96 468.10
I
452.39
16286.0 16513.0 16741.5 16971.7 17203.4 17436.6 17671.5 17907.9 18145.8 18385.4 18626.5 18869.2 19113.4 19359.3 19606.7 19855.7
-1_
32400 32761 33124 33489 33856 34225 34596 34969 35344 35721 36100 36181 36864 37249 37636 38025 3&416 38809
: 13.4164 13.4536 13.4907 13.5277 13.5647 13.6015 13.6382 13.6748 13.7113 13.7477 13.7840 13.8203 13.8564 13.8924 13.92&4 13.9642 14.0000 14.0357 14.0712 14.1067 14.1421 14.1774 14.2127 14.2478 14.2829 14.3178 1.4.3527 14.3875 14.4222 14.4568 14,4914 14.5258 14.5602 14.5945 14.6287 14.6629 14.6969
5.6462 5.6567 5.6671 5.6774 5.6877 5.6980 5.7083 5.7185 5.7287 5.7388 5.7489 5.7590 5.7690 5.7790 5.7890 5.7989 5.8088 5.8186 5.8285 5.8383 5.&480 5.8578 5.8675 5.8771 5.8868 5.8964 5.9059 5.9155 5.9250 5.9345 5.9439 5,9533 5.9627 5.9721 5.9814 5.9907 6.0000
565.49 568.63 571.77 574.91 578.05 581.19 5&4.34 587.48 590.62 593.76 596.90 600.04 603.19 606.33 609.47 612.61 615.75 618.89
25_.9 25730.4 26015.5 26302.2 26590.4 26880.3 27171.6 27464.6 27759.1 28055.2 28352.9 28652.1 28952.9 29255.3 29559.2 29864.8 30171.9 30480.5 30790.7 31102.6 31415.9 31730.9
6229504
6331625 6434856 6539203 6644672 6751269
lSI
152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179
--IT~!l'
23409 23716
----
471.24 474.38 477.52 480.66 483.81 486.95 490.09 493.23 496.37 499.51 502.65 .__ 505.80 508.94 512.08 51!.22 518.36 521.50 524.65 527.79 530.93
I
I
190
191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209
6859000
6967871 7077888 7189057 73013&4 7414875· 7529536 7645373 7762392 7880599
12.4097
12.4499 12.4900 12.5300 12.5698 12.6095
---
24025
24336 24649 24964 25281
I I I
5.4061
5.4;75
4019679
4096000 4173281 4251528 4330747 4410944 4492125 4574296
I
..
.-'-':--'-:-
25600 -.--~-~ ----25921 26244 26569 26896 27225 27556 27889 28224 28561
12.6491 12.6886 12.7279 12.7671 12.8062 12.845'2 12.8841 12.9228 12.9615 13.0000
---_-5.4401
5.4514 5.4626 5.4737 5.4848 5.4959 5.5069 5.5178 5.5288 5.5397 5.5505 5.5613 5.5721 5.5828 5.5934 5.6041 5.6147 5.6252 5.6357
5.4288
20106.2
---
39204
39601
622.04
625.18 628.32 631.46 634.60 637.74 640.88 644.03 647.17 650.31 653.45 656.59 659.73 662.88 666.02 669,16 672.30 675.44 678.58
40000
40401
800000O
8120601 8242408 8365427
40804
41209 41616 42025 42436 42&49 43264 43681 44100 44521 44944 45369 45796 46225 46656
32047.4
32365.5 32685.1 33006.4 33329.2 33653.5 33979.5 34307.0 34636.1 34966.7 35298.9 35632.7 35968.1 36305.0 36643.5
4657463 4741632 4826809 4913000 5000211 5088448 5177717 5268024 5359375 5451776 5545233 5639752 573~339
21904.0
22167.1 22431,8 22698.0 _.-'-_ 22965.8. 23235.2 23506.2 23778.7
8489664
8615125 8741816 8869743 8998912 9129329 9261000 9393931 9528128 9663597 98003+4 9938375 10077696
-----
~---
534.07
537.21
540.35
543.50 546.64 549.78 552.92 556.06 559.20 562.35
210
211 212 213 214 215 216
24052.8
24328.5 24605,7 24884.6 25164.9
!,
'- 22-
-23-
n
217 218 219
drodo 47089 47514 47961 48400 48841 49284 49729 50176 50625 51076 51529 51984 52441 52900 53361 53814 54289 54756 55225 55696 56169 56644 5712)
Cue-
Cubo
Roiz cuodrado
Rcl. ccbtcc
I,circuriferencia LC"9'I,d
!
Area
n
254 255 256 257 258 259
C,c·
drado
!
I i
Cube
Rctz 1- cvcd-edc
Raiz cublca
loogitud circunferencia
Area
10218313 10360232 10~03459 1Q6oI8O()() 10793861 10'141048 11089567 11239414 11390625 11543176
I
14.730'1 14.7648 14.1.986 14.8324 . 14.8661 14.8997 14.9332 14.9666 15.0000 15.0333 15.0665 15.0997 15.1327 15.1658 15.1987 15.2315 15.2643 15.2971 15.3297 15.3623 15.3948 15.4272 15.4596 15.4919 15.5142 15.5563 15.5885 15.6205 15.6525 15.6844 15.7162 15.7480 15.7797 15.8114 15.8430 15.8745 15.9060
6.00'12 6.0185 6.0277 6.0368 6.0459 6.0550 6.0641 6.0732 6.0822 6.0'112 6.1002 6.10'11 6.1180 6.1269 6.1358 6.1446 6.1534 6.1622 6.1710 6.1797 6.1885 6.1972 6.2058 6.2145 6.2231 6.2317 6.2403 6.2488 6.2573 6.2658 6.2743 6.2828 6,2912 6.2996 6.3080 6.3164 6.3247
681.73 684.87 688.01 691.15 694.29 697.43 700.58 703.72 706.86 710.00 713.14 716.28 719,42 722.57 725.71 728.85 731.99 735.13 738.27 741.42 744.56 747.70 750.84 753.98 757.12 760.27 763.41 766.55 769.69 772.83 775.97 779.11 782.26 785.40 788.54 791.68 794.82
36983.6 37325.3 . 37668.5 38013.3 38359.6 38707.6 39057.1 39408.1 39760.8 40115.0 40470.8 40828.1 41187.1 41547.6 41909.6 42273,3 42638.5 43005.3 43373.6 43743.5 44115.0 ~8.1 44862.7 45238.9 45616.7 45996.1 46377.0 46759.5 47143.5 47529.2 47916.4 48305.1 48695.5 49087.4 49480.9 49875.9 50272.6
no
221
222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229
64516/ 65025 65536 66049 66564 67081 67600 68121 68644 69169 69696 70225 70756 71289 71824 72361 72900 73441 73984 74529 75076 75625 76176 76729 77284 77841 78400 78961 79524 80089 80656 81225 81796 82369 82944 83521
16387064 16581375 16777216 16974593 17173512 17373979 17576000 17779581 17984728 18191447 18399744 1860'1625 188210'16 1904316) 19248832 19465109 196Qj000 19902511 20123648 20346417 20570824 20796875 21014576 21253933 21484952 21717639 21952000 22188041 22425768 22665187 22906304 23149125 23393656 23639903 23887872 24137569
.-
15.9374 15.9687 16.0000 16.0312 16.0614 16.0'135 16.1245 16.1555 16.1864 16.2173 16.2481 16.2788 16.3095 16.3401 16.3707 16.4012
6.3330 6.3413 6.3496 6.3579 6.3661 6.3743 6.3825 6.3907 6.3988 6.4070 6.4151 6.4232 6.4312 6.4393 6.4473 6.4553 ~4633 6.4713 6.4792 6.4872 6.4951 6.5030 6.5108 6.5187 6.5265 6.5343 6.5421 6.5499 6.5577 6.5654 6.5731 6.5808 6.5885 6.5962 6.6039 6.6115
797.96 801.11 804.25 807.39 810.53 813.67 816.81 819.96-823.10 826.14 829.38 832.52 835.66 838.81 841.95 845.09 848.23 851.37 854.51 857.65 860.80 863.94 867.08 870.22 873.36 876.50 879.65 882.79 885.93 889.07 892.21 895.35 898.50 901.64 904.78 907.92
50670.7 51070.5 51471.9 51874.8 52279.2 52685.3 530'12.9 53502.1 53912.9 54325.2 54739.1 55154.6 55571.6 55990.2 56410.4 56832.2 57255.5 57680.4 58106.9 58534.9 58964.6 59395.7 59828.5 60262.8 60698.7 61136.2 61575.2 62015.8 62458.0 62901.8 63347.1 63794.0 64242.4 64692.5 65144.1 65597.2
160
261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 170 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279
11697083 11852352 12008989 12167000 12326391 12487168 12649337 12812904 12977875 13144256 13312053 13481272 13651919 13824000 13997521 14172488 14348907 14526784 14706125 14886936 15069223 15252992 15438149 15625000 15813251 16003008 16194277
230
231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 140 141 242 143 244 145 246 141 248 249
I I
ru.:4621
16.4924 16.5227 16.5529 16.5831 16.6132 16.6433 16.6733 16.7033 16.7332 16.7631 16.7929 16.8226 16.8523 16.8819 16.9115 16.9411 16.9706 17.0000
16.4317
moo
58081 58564 59049 59536 60025 60516 6100'1 61504 62001
280
281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289
150
251 252 253
-.
6400'1
~2"-
25-
n
190
291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299
]GO
Cua-
Cubo
Ralz cuadrado
Ralz ccbtce
longitud circunferenda
Area
n
327 328 329
Cuadrado
Cubo
Ralz cuadrado
coerce 6.8894 6.8964 6.9014 6.9104 6.9174 6.9244 6.9313 6.9382 6.9451 6.9521 6.9589 6.9658 6.9727 6.9795 6.9864 6.9932 7.0000 7.0068 7.0136 7.0203 7.0271 7.0338 7.0406 7.0473 7.0540 7.0607 7.0674 7.0740 7.0807 7.0873 7.0940 7.1006 7.1072 7.1138 7.1204 7.1269 7.1335
Ralz
longltud circunferencia
Area
24389000 24M2171 24897088 25153757 25412184 25672375 25914336 26198073 26463592 26730899 27000000 27270901 27543608 27818127 2809~ 28372625 28652616 2893~3 29218112 29503629 29791000 30080231 30371328 30664297 30959144 31255875 31554496 31855013 32157432 32461759 32768000 33076161 33386248 33698267 3401222 .. 14328125 34M5976
17.0294 17.0587 17.0880 17.1172 17.14M 17.1756 17.2047 17.2337 17.2627 17.2916 17.3205 17.3494 17.3781 17.4069 17.4356 17.4M2 17.4929 17.5214 17.5499 17.5784 17.6068 17.6352 17.6635 17.6918 17.7200 17.7482 17.7764 17.8045 17.8326 17.8606 17.8885 17.9165 17.9~ 17.9722 18.0000 18.0278 18.0555
6.6191 6.6267 6.6143 6.6419 6.6494 6.6569 6.66# 6.6719 6.6794 6.6869 6.6943 6.7018 6.7092 6.7166 6.7240 6.7313 6.7387 6.7460 6.7533 6.7606 6.7679 6.7752 6.7824 6.7897 6.7969 6.8041 6.8113 6.8185 6.8256 6.8328 6.8399 6.8470 6.85"1 6.8612 6.8683 6.8753 6.882 ..
911.06 914.10 917.35 920.49 923.63 926.77 929.91 933.05 936.19 939.14 942.48 945.62 948.76 951.90 955.04 958.19 961.33 964.47 967.61 970.75 973.89 977.04 980.18 983.32 986.46 989.60 992.74 995.88 999.03 1002.2 1005.3 1008.5 1011.6 1014.7 1017.9 1021.0 102".2
66052.0 66508.3 66966.2 67425.6 67886.7 68149.3 68813.4 69279.2 69746.5 70215.4 70685.8 71157.9 71631.5 72106.6 72583.4 73061.7 73541.5 74023.0 74506.0 74990.6 75476.8 75964.5 76453.8 76944.7 77437.1 77931.1 78426.7 78923.9 79"22.6 79922.9 80424.8 80928.2 81433.2 81939.8 82448.0 82957.7 83469.0
106929 107584 1082 .. 1 108900 109561 11022 .. 110889 111556 112225 112896 113569 114244 114921 115600 116281 116964 117649 118336 119025 119716 120409 121104 121801 122500 123201
14965783 35287552 35611289 35937000 36264691 3659 .. 368 36926037 37259704 37595375 37933056 38272753 38614472 38958219 39304000 39651821 40001688 40353607 40707584 .. 1063625 41421736 .. 1781923 ..2144192 "2508549 42875000 .. 3243551 .. 3614208 43986977 44361864 44738875 45118016 45499293 ..5882712 46268279 46656000 ..7045881 ..7437928 ..7832147
330
331 332 333 314 335 336 337 338 339
18.0831 18.~108 18.1384 18.1659 18.1914 18.2209 18.2483 18.2757 18.3030 18.3303 18.3576 18.3848 18."120 18.4391 18.4662 18."932 18.5203 18.5"72 18.57"2 18.6011 18.6279 18.6548 18.6815 18.7083 18.7350 18.7617 18.7883 18.8149 18.8414 18.8680 18.8944 18.9209 18.9"73 18.9737 19.0000 19,0263 19.0526
1027.3 1030." 1033.6 1036.7 1039,9 1043.0 1046.2 1049.3 1052." 1055.6 1058.7 1061.9 1065.0 1068.1 1071.3 1074." 1077.6 1080.7 1083,8 1087.0 1090.1 1093.3 1096.4 1099.6 1102.7 1105.8 1109.0 1112.1 1115.3 1118." 1121.5 112".7 1127.8 1131.0 1134.1 1137.3 1140.4
83981.8 ~96.3 85012.3 85529.9 86049.0 86569.7 87092.0 87615.9 881"1.3 88668.3 89196.9 89727.0 90258.7 90792.0 91326.9 91863.3 92401.3 92940.9 93482.0 9402".7 9"569.0 9511".9 95662.3 96211.3 96761.8 97314.0 97867.7 98423.0 98979.8 99538.2 100098 100660 101223 101788 102354 102922 103491
IIIl804
89401
88209
90000
90601 91204 91809 92416 93025 93636 94249 948M 95481 96100 96721 97344 97969 98596
301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319
340
3.. 1 H2 H3 344 3..5 346 H7 348 149
350
351 352 353 35 .. 355 356 357 358 359
99225
99856 100489 101124 101761 102400 103041 103684 104329 104976 105625 106276
123904
124609 125316 126025 126736 127449 128164 128881 129600 130321
no
321 322 323 324 325 326
360
361 362 363
131~
131769
26-
-27 -
n
364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379
Cuba
Rail cuadrado
Raiz
ccbtce
Longilud circunferenciaL
Area
n
400 401 402 403 404 405
406
Cubo
Ral'
cuadrado 20,0000
Ralz
cubica
Longilud jCircunferenda 1256,6 1259,8 1262,9 1266,1 1269,2 1272,3 1275.5 1278,6 1281,8 1284,9 1288.1 1291,2 1294,3 1297,5 1300,6 1303,8 1306,9 1310.0 1313.2 1316,3 1319,5 1322,6 1325,8 1328,9
Area
I
Ii
19,0788 11:',~~~~
7, 1400 ;:~~
1143,5 ~~::~
II
~~!i!i I
~~~~~ I
162409
163216 164025 164836 165649 166464 167281 168100 168921 169744 170569 171396
64481201 64964808 65450827 65939264 66430125 66923416 67419143 67917312 68417929 689,21000 69426531 69934528
137Wr- "::5=1'0648=:':1'--11c:'9 1-7 -l---C ,=-26;:1~48848 ~~~5117 52313624 52734375 53157376 53582633 19,2873: , 19,3132 139876 140625' 141376
I
I,
i
i
7,1920 7,1984
:t8s5t- ·,1 I
I
7,4047
7,4108 7,4169 7,4229 7,4290 7,4350
128825
129462 130100 130741 131382
407 408
409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419
!
i
I
7,2048';
7,2112 7,2177 I
132025
132670 133317 133965 134614 135265 135918 136572 137228 137885 138544 139205 139867
54010152
54439939
7,2240
7,2304 7,2368
~~:;:~
1190,7
~~i~i~
112815
70444997
70957944 71473375 71991296 72511713
172225 173056
173889 174724 175561
20,3470
20,3715
7,4650
7,4710
380
381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399
f---444001
_1~ 145161 145924 146689 ;
I
54872000 55306341 55742962 56181887 56623104 57066625 57512456 57960603 58411072 58863869' \
114009
114608 115209 115812 116416 117021
73034632
73560059
7,4770
7,4829
420
421 422 423' 424 425 426 427 428 429
176400
177241
74088000
74618461 75151448 75686967 76225024 76765625 77308776 77854483 78402752 78953589 79507000 80062991 80621568 81182737 81746504 82312875 82881856
7,4889
7,4948 7,5007
i
I
178084
178929 179776 180625 181476 182329 183184
20,5183 20,5426
20,5670
I I
7,5067
7,5126 7,5185 7,5244
140531
141196 141863 142531 143201 143872 144545 145220 145896 146574 147254 147934 148617
1332,0
1335,2 1338,3 1341,5 1344,6 1347,7 1350,9 1354,0 1357,2 1360,3 1363,5 1366.6 1369,7
-152100\
152881
~~=
155236
I
59319000 119J~!_:3~!i___:.12_25_,,"-2--t-::11::-94::.5~9, -'5:___9-'-77-6-471--t1-1:-:9~,77;:;37 I 7,3124 I 1228,4 120072 60236288! 60698457 61162984 61629875 62099136 62570773
7,5302
7,5361 7,5420 7.5478 7,5537 7,5595 7,5654 7,5712
I
i
184041
184900 185761 186624 187489 188356 189225 190096
20,7123
20,7364 20,7605 20,7846 20,8087
430
431 432 433 434 435 436
158404
159201
63044792
63521199
19,9499
119,9750
20,8327
20,8567 20,8806
7,5770
7,5828
149301
- 28-
-29-
n
437 438 439
Cuo·
drodo
Cubo
Rail cuadrado
Rail
cubico
longitud rJrcunferencio
Area
n
474 475 476 477 478 479
Cuedrodo
Cuba
Roiz
cuadrado 21.7715 21.7945 21.8174 21.8403 21.8632 21.8861 21.9089 21.9317 21.9545 9773 21. 1 22.0000 22.0227 22.0454 22.0681 22.0907 22.1133 22.1359 22.1585 22.1811 22.2036 22.2261 22.2486 22.2711 22.2935 22.3159 22.3383 22.3607 22.3830 22.4054 22.4277 22.4499 22.4722 22.4944 22.5167 22.5389 22.5610
Ralz cObico
Longitud clrcunferencio
Area
190969
191844 192721 193600 194481 195364 196249 197136 198025 198916 199809 200704 201601 202500 203401 204304 205209 206116 207025 207936 208849 209764 210681 211600 212521 213~ 214369 215296 216225 217156 218089 219024 219961 220900 221841 222784 223729 .
,8H51453 84027672 84604519 85184000 85766121 86350888 86938307 87528384 88121125 88716536 89314623 89915392 90518849 91125000 91733851 92145408 92959677 93576664 94196375 94818816 95443993 96071912 96702579 97336000 97972181 98611128 99252847 99897344 100544625 101194696 101847563 102503232 103161709 103823000 104487111 105154048 105823817
20.90<15 20.9284 20.9523 20.9762 21.0000 21.0238 21.0476 21.0713 21.0950 21.1187 21.1424 21.1660 21.1896 21.2132 21.2368 21.2603 21.2838 21.3073 21.3307 21.3542 21.3776 21.4009 21.4243 21.4476 21.4709 21.4942 21.5174 21.5407 21.5639 21.5870 21.6102 21.6333 21.6564 21.6795 21.7025 21.7256 21.7486
7.5886 7.5944 7.6001 7.6059 7.6117 7.6174 7.6232 7.6289 7.6146 7.6403 7.6460 7.6517 7.6574 7.6631 7.6688 7.6744 7.6801 7.6857 7.6914 7.6970 7.7026 7.7082 7.7138
i
\
1372.9 1376.0 1379.2 1382.3 1385.4 1388.6 1391.7 1394.9 1398.0 1401.2 1404.3 1407.4 1410.6 1413.7 1416.9 1420.0 1423.1 1426.3 1429.4 1432.6 1435.7 1438.8 1<\.'12,0 1445.1 1448.3 1451.4 1454.6 1457.7 1460.8 1464.0 1467.1 1470.3 1473.4 1476.5 1479.7 1482.8 1486.0
149987 150674 151363 152053 152745 151439 154134 154830 15~528 156228 156930 157633 158337 1590<13 159751 160460 161171 161883 162597 163313 164030 164748 165468 166190 166914 167639 168365
106496424 107171875 107850176 108531333 109215352 109902239 110592000 111284641 111980168 112678587 113379904 114084125 1H791256 115501303 116214272 116930169 117649000 '118370771
7.7970 7.8025 7.8079 7.8134 7.8188 7.8243 7.8297 7.8352 7.8406 7.846Il 7.8514 7.8568 7.8622 7.8676 7.8730 7.8784 7.8837 7.8891 7.8944 7.8998 7.9051 7.9105 7.9158 7.9211 7.9264 7.9317 7.9370 7.9423 7.9476 7.9528 7.9581 7.9634 7.9686 7.9739 7.9791 7.9843
1489.1 1492.3 1495.4 1498.5 1501.7 1504.8 1508.0 1511.1 1514.2 1517.4 1520.5 1523.7 1526.8 1530.0 1533.1 1536.2 1539.4 1542.5 1545.7 1548.8 1551.9 1555.1 1558.2 1561.4 1564.5 1567.7 1570.8 1573.9 1577.1 1580.2 1583.4 1586.5 1589.6 1592.8 1595.9 1599.1
176460 177205 177952 178701 179451 180203 180956 181711 182467 183225 183984 184745 185508 186272 187038 187805 188574 189345 190117 190890 191665 192442 193221 194000 194782 195565 196350 197136 197923 198713 199504 200296 201090 201886 202683 203482
440
441 442 443
228484
229441 230400 231361 232324 233289 234256 235225 236196 237169 238144 239121 240100 241081 242064 243049 244036 245025 146016 247009 248004
480
481
482
483 484 485 486 487 488
450
451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459
489 490
491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499
119095488
119823157 120553784 121287375 122023936 122763473 123505992 124251499 125000000 125751501 126506008 127263527 128024064 128787625 129554216 130323843 131096512 131872229
460
461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469
7.7194 7.7250 7.7306 7.7362 7.7418 7.7473 7.7529 7.7584 7.7639 7.7695 7.7750 7.7805 7.7860 7.7915
249001
250000 251001 252004 253009 254016 255025 256036 257049 258064 259081
169093
169823 170554 171281 172021 172757 173494 174214 174974 175716
500
501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509
470
471 472 473
-30-
-31-
n
510
Cuedrodo
Cubo
Rela cuadrado
Roiz cubtcc
Longitud circunferencio
Area
n
547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569
570
Cuodrodo
Cubo
Roil cuadrado
Rolz
ecbtce
longitud circunferencio
Area
260100 261121 262144 263169 264196 265225 266256 267289 268324 269361 270400 271441 272484 273529 274576 275625 276676 277729 278784 279841 280900 281961 283024 284089 285156 286225 287296 288369 289444 290521 291600 292681 293764 294849 295936 297025 298116
132651000 133432831 134217728 135005697 135796744 136590875 137388096 138188413 138991832 139798359 140608000 141420761 142236648 143055667 143877824 144703125 145531576 146363183 147197952 148035899 148877000 149721291 150568768 151419437 152273304 153130375 153990656 154854153 155720&72 156590819 157464000 158340421 159220088 160103007 160989184 161878625 162771336
22.5832 22.6053 22.6274 22.6495 22.6716 22.6936 22.7156 22.7376 22.7596 22.7816 22.8035 22.8254 22.8473 22.8692 22.8910 22.9129 22.9347 22.9565 22.9783 23.0000 23.0217 23.D434 23.0651 23.0868 23.1084 23.1301 23.1517 23.1733 23.1948 23.2164 23.2379 23.2594 23.2809 23.3024 23.3238 23.3452 23.3666
7.9896 7.9948 8.0000 8.0052 8.0104 8.0156 8m08 8.0260 8.0311 8.0363 8.0415 8.0466 8.0517 8.0569 8.0620 8.0671 8.0723 8.0774 8.0825 8.0876 8.0927 8.0978 8.1028 8.1079 8.1130 8.1180 8.1231 8.1281 8.1332 8.1382 8.1433 8.1483 8.1533 8.1583 8.1633 8.1683 8.1733
1602.2 1605.4 1608.5 1611.6 1614.8 1617.9 1621.1 1624.2 1627.3 1630.5 1633.6 1636.8 1639.9 1643.1 1646.2 1649.3 1652.5 1655.6 1658.8 1661.9 1665.0 1668.2 1671.3 1674.5 1677.6 1680.8 1683.9 1687.0 1690.2 1693.3 1696.5 1699.6 1702.7 1705.9 1709.0 1712.2 1715.3
204282 205084 205887 206692 207499 208307 209117 209928 210741 211556 212372 213189 214008 214829 215651 216475 217301 218128 218956 219787 220618 221452 222287 223123 223961 224801 225642 226484 227329 228175 229022 229871230722 231574 232428 233283 234140
299209 300304 301401 302500 303601 304704 305809 306916 308025 309136 310249 311364 312481 313600 314721 315844 316969 318096 319225 320356 321489 322624 323761 324900 326041 327184' 328329 329476 330625 331776 332929 334084 335241 336400 337561 338724 339889
163667323 164566592 165469149 166375000 167384151 168196608 169112377 170031464 170953875 171879616
23.3880 23.4094 23.4307 23.4521 23.4734 23.4947 23.5160 23.5372 23.5584 23.5797
8.1783 8.1833 8.1882 8.1932 8.1982 8.203: 8.2081 8.2130 8.2180 8.2229 8.2278 8.2327 8.2377 8.2426 8.2475 8.2524 8.2573 ·8.2621 8.2670 8.2719 8.2768 8.2816 8.2865 8.2913 8.2962. 8.3010 8.3059 8.3107 8.3155 8.3203 8.3251 8.3300 8.3348 8.3396 8.3443 8.3491 8.3539
1718.5 1721.6 1724.7 1727.9 1731.0 1734.2 1737.3 1740.4 1743.6 1746.7 1749.9 1753.0 1756.2 1759.3 1762.4 1765.6 1768.7 1771.9 1775.0 1778.1 1781.3 1784.4 1787.6 1790.7 1793,8 1797.0 1800.1 1803.3 1806.4 1809.6 1812.7 1815.8 1819.0 1822.1 1825.3 1828,4 1831.6
234998 235858 236720 237583 238448 239314 240182 241051 241922 242795 243669 244545 245422 246301 247181 248063 248947 249832 250719 251607 252497 253388 254281 255176 256072 256970 257869 258770 259672 260576 261482 262389 263298 264208 265120 266033 266948
1728P8693 23.6008 173741112 23.6220 174676879 23.6432 175616000 • 23.6643 176558481 23.6854 177504328 23.7065 178453547 23.7276 f79406144 180362125 181321496 182284263 183250432 184220009 185193000 186169411 187149248 188132517 189119224 190109375 191102976 192100033 193100552 194104539 195112000' 196122941 197137368 198155287 23.7487 23.7697 23.7908 23.811a 23.8328 23.8537 23.8747 23.8956 2~65 23.9374 23.9S83 23.9792 24.0000 24.0208 24.0416 24~0624 24.0832 24.1039 24.1247 24.1454
571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583
- 32-
- 33-
n
584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607
608
Cuadrodo
Cube
Ralz
cuadrado
Rolz cubicQ
Longitud circun(erencio
Area
n
610
Cuadrado
Cuba
Rail cuadrado
Raiz cubicQ
crrccnterencte
longitud
Area
341056 342225 343396 344569 345744 346921 348100 349281· 350464 351649 352836 354025 355216 356409 357604 358801 360000 361201 362404 363609 364816 366025 367236 368449 369664 370881 372100 373321 374544 375769 376996 378225 379456 380689 381924 383161
199176704 200201625 201230056 202262003 203297472 204336469 205379000 206425071 207474688 208527857 209584584 210644875 211708736 212776173 21.3847192 214921.799 216000000 217081801 218167208 219256227 220348864 221445125 222545016 223648543 224755712 225866529 226981000 228099131 229220928 230346397 1]1475544 232608:m 233744896 234885113 236029032 237176659
24,1661 24,1868 24,2074 -24,2281 24,2487 24,2693 24,2899 24,3105 24,]]11 24,3516 24,3721 24,3926 24,4131 24,4336 24,4540 24,4745 24,4949 24,5153 24,5357 24,5561 24,5764 24,5967 24,6171 24,6374 24,6577 24,6779 24,6982 24,7184 24,7386 24,7588 24,7790 24,7992 24,Sm 24,8395 24,8596 24,8797
8,3587 8,3634 8,3682 8,3730 8,3m 8,3825 8,3872 8,3919 8,3967 8,4014 8,4061 8,4108 8,4155 8,4202 8,4249 8,4296 8,4343 8,4390 8,4437 8,_ 8,4530 8,4577 8,4623 8,4670 8,4716 8,4763 8,4809 8,4856 8,4902 8,4948 8,4994 8,5040 8,5086 8,5132 8,5178 8,5224
1834,7 1837,8 1841,0 1844,1 1847,3 185Q,4 1853,5 1856,7 1859,8 1863,0 1866,1 1869,2 1872,4 1875,5 1878,7 1881,8 1885,0 1888,1 1891,2 1894,4 1897,5 1900,7 1903,8 1906,9 1910,1 1913,2 1916,4 1919,5 1922,7 1925,8 1928,9 1932,1 1935,2 1938,4 1941,; 1944,6
267865 268783 269703 270624 271547 272471 273397 274325 275254 276184 2n117 278051 278986 279923 280862 281802 282743 283687 284631 285578 286526 287475 288426 289379 290333 291289 292247 293206 294166 295128 296092 297057 298024 298992 299962 300;j~
384400 385641 386884 388129 389376 390625 391876 393129 394384 395641
238328000 239~ 240641848 241804367 242970624 244140625 245314376 246491883 247673152 248858189 15004700() 251239591 252435968 253636137 254840104 256047875 257259456
24,8998 24,9199 24,9399 24,9600 24,9800 25,0000 25,0200 25,0400 25,0599 25,0799 25,0998 25,1197 25,1396 25,1595 25,1794 25,1992 25,2190 25,2389 25,2587 25,2784 25,2982 25,3180 25,3377 25,3574 25,3772 25,3969 25,4165 25,4362 25,4558 25,4755 25,4951 25,5147 25,5343 25,5539 25,5734 25,5930 25,6125
8,mO ___ 947,8 ~ 8,5316 1950,9 8,5362 1954,1 8,5408 1957,2 8,5453 8,5499 8,5544 8,5590 8,5635 8,5681 8,5726 8,5772 8,5817 8,5862 8,5907 8,5952 8,5997 8,6043 8,6088 8,6132 8,6177 8,6222 8,6267 8,6312 8,6357 8,6401 8,6446 8,6490 8,6535 8,6579 8,6624 8,6668 8,6713 8,6757 8,6801 8,6845 8,6890 1960,4 1963,5 1966,6 1969,8 1972,9 1-1976,1 1979,2 1982,3 1985,5 1988,6 1991,8 1994,9 1998,1 2001,2 2004,4 2007,5 2010,6 2013,8 2016,9 2020,0 2023,2 2026,3 2029,5 2032,6 2035,8 2038,9 2042,0 2045,2 2048,3 2051,5 2054,6 2057,7 2060,9
301907 302882 303858 304836 305815 306796 307779 308763 309748 310736 311725 312715 313707 314700 315696 316692 317690 318690 319692 320695 -~~ 322705 323713 324722 325733 326745 327759 328775 329792 330810 331831 332853 333876 334901 335927 336955 337985
396900
398161 399424 400689 401956 403225 404496 405769 407044 408321 409600 410881 412164 413449 414736 416025 417316 418609 419904 421201 422500 423801 425104 426409 42n16 429025 430336
.-----
631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643
644
258474853 259694072 260917119 262144000 263374721 ·264609288 265847707 267089984 268336125 269586136 270840023 272097792 273359449 274625000 275894451 277167808 278445077 279726264 281011375 282300416
609 610 611 612 613 614 1,15 616 617 618 619
-34-
-35 -
n
657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 6n 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693
Cuadrado
Cube
R.I, cuadrado
Raiz cubica
longilud crcunterencrc
Area
n
694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 70S 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719
Cuadrado
Cube
Raiz cuadrado
Ralz cubiCQ
longilud circunferenclQ
Area
431649 432964 434281 -435600 436921 438244 439569 _6 442225 443556 _89 446224 447561
283593393 284890312 286191179 287496000 288804781 290117528 29143424I 292754944 294079625 295408296
I I
8,6934 2064,0 339016 25,6320 25,6515 8,6978 2067,2 340049 25,6710 8,7022 _~070,3 _3~1O_S4 1--;---25,6905 8,7066 2073,S 342119 25,7099 -SJ11Q -207t.6 -343157 344196 8,7154 2079,7 25,7294 345237 25,74881 8,7198 2082,9
-+
481636 483025 484416 485809 487204 488601 490000 491401 492804 494209 495616 497025 498436 499849 501264 502681 504100 505521 506944 508369 509796 511225 512656 514089 515524 516961 518400 519841 521284 522729 524176 525625 527076 528529 529984 531441
334255384 335702375 337153536 338608873 340068392 341532099 343000000 3_72101 345948408 347428927 348913664 350402625 351895816 353393243 354894912 356400829 357911000 359425431 360944128 362467097 363994344 365525875 367061696 368601813 370146232 371694959 373248000 374805361 376367048 3n933067 379503424 381078125 382657176 384240583 385828352 387420489
26,3439 26,3629 26,3818 26,4008 26,4197 26,4386 26,4575 26,4764 26,4953 26,5141 26,5330 26.5518 26,5707 26,5895 26,6083 26,6271 r-u.M58 26,6646 26,6833 26,7021 26,7208 26,7395 26,7582 26,7769 26,7955 26,8142 26,8328 26,8514 26,8701 26,8887 26,9072 26,9258 26,9_ 26,9629 26,9815 27,0000
8,8536 8,8578 8,8621 8,8663 8,8706 8,8748 8,8790 8,8833 8,8875 8,8917 8,8959 8,9001 8,9043 8,9085 8,9127 8,9169 8,9211 8,9253 8,9295 8,9337 8,9378 8,9420 8,9462 8,9503 8,9545 8,9587 8,9628 8,9670 8,9711 8,9752 8,9794 8,9835 8,9876 8,99181
I I
2180,3 2183,4 2186,S 2189,7 2192,8 2196,0 2199'1i~ 2202,3 2205,4 2208,S 2211,7 2214,8
2218,0
378276 379367 380459 381553 382649 383746 385945 387047 388151 389256 390363 391471 392580 393692 394805 ---395919 397035 398153 399272 400393 401515 402639 403765 404892 406020 407150 408282 409415 410550 411687 412825 413965 415106 416248 417393
346279 347323 348368 349415 350464 351514 --_.352565 --353618 354673 355730 356788 357847 358908 359971 361035 362101 363168 364237 365308 366380 367453 368528 369605 370684 371764 372845 373928 375013 376099 3n187
296740963 2980n632 299418309 300763000 448900 -302111711 450241 451584 303464448 452929 I 304821217
I
8,7373 25,8263 25,8457 8,7416 25,8650 8,~~ 25,8&44 t-a,7503 t--:--c:~ 25,90378,7547 8,7590 25,9230 25,9422 8,7634 25,9515 25,9808 26,0000 26,0192 26,0384 26,0576 26,0768 26,0960 26,1151 26,1343 26,1534 26,1725 26,1916 26,2107 26,2298 26,2488 26,2679 26,2869 26,3059 26,3249 8,76n 8,7721 8,7764 8,7807 8,7850 8,7893 8,7937 8,7980 8,8023 8,8066 8,8109 8,8152 8,8194 8,8237 8,8280 8,8323 8,8366 8,8408 8,8451 8,8493
2095,4 2098,6 2101,7 2104,9 r-2108,0- 2111,2 2114,3 2117,4 2120,6 2123,7 2126,9 2130,0 2133,1 2136,3 2139,4 2142,6 2145,7 2148,8 2152,0 2155,1 2158,3 2161,4 2164,6 2167,7 217o.s 217M· 2177,1
I
I
I
I
454276 455625 456976 458329 459684 461041 462400 463761 465124 466489 467856 469225 470596 471969 473344 474721 476100 477481 478864 480249
306182024 307546875 308915776 310288733 311665752 313046839 314332000 315821241 317214568 318611987 320013504 321419125 322828856 324242703 325660672 327082769 328509000 -329939371 331373888 332812557
2221,1 2224,2 2227,4 2230,5-2233,7 2236,8 2240,0 2243,1 2246,2 2249,4 2252,S 2255,7 2258,8 2261,9 2265,1 2268,2 2271,4 2274,S 2277,7 2280,8
no
721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729
::~
-36-
~ 37-
n
730 731 732 733 714 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 75-4 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766
Cuadrado
Cubo
Roil
cvedvede
Raiz cubica
Longitud circonferencia
Area
n
767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803
Cuadrado
Cubo
Rail cuadrada
Ralz cubica
longitud circunferencia
Area
532'100 514361 535824 537289 538756 5-40225 541696 543169 544644 546121 547600 5-49081 550564 552049 553536 555025 556516 558009 559504 561001 562500 564001 565504 567009 568516 570025 571536 573049 574564 576081 577600 579121 58064-4 582169 583696 585225 586756
389017000 390617891 392223168 393832837 395+16904 397065375 398688256 400315553 -401947272 -403581419 -40522-4000 -406869021 -408518-488 410172-407 411830784 411493625 415160936 416832723 418508992 420189749 421875000 .423564751 42525'1008 426957777 428661064 430368875 432081216 433798093 435519512 437245479 438976000 440711081 442450728 444194947 445943744 447697125 449455096
27.018.5 27.0370 27.055!; 27.074(1 27.092~· 27.1109' 27.1293 27.1477 27.1662 27.1846 27.2029 27.2213 27.2397 27.2580 27.2764 27.29-47 27.3130 27.3313 27.1496 27.3679 27.3861 27.-4044 27.4226 27.4408 27.4591 27.4773 27.4955 27.5136 27.5318 27.5500 27.5681 27.5862 27.6043 27.6225 27.6-405 27.6586 27.6767
9.0041 9.0082 9.0123 9.0164 9.0205 9.0246 9.0287 9.0328 9.0369 9.0410 9.0450 9.0491 9.0532 9.0572 9.0613 9.0654 9.0694
2293,4 2296.5 2299.6 2302.8 2305.9 2309.1 2312.2 2315.4 2318.5 2321.6 2324'.8 2327.9 2331.1 2334,2 2337.3 23-40.5 2343.6 2346.8 2149.9 2353.1 2356.2 2359.3 2362.5 2365.6 2368.8 2371.9 2375.0 2378.2 2381.3 2384.5 2387.6 2390.8 2393.9 2397.0 2400.2 2-403.3 2406.5
418539 419686 420835 421986 423138 424293 425447 426604 427762 428922 430084 431247 432412 433578 414746 435916 437087 438259 439433 -4-40609 441786 442965 444146 445328 446511 447697 448883 450072 451262 452453 453646 45-4841 456037 457214 458434 459635 460837
588289 589824 591361 592900 594441 595984 597529 599076 600625 602176 603729 605284 606841 608400 609961 611524 613089 614656 616225 617796 619369 620944 622521 624100 625681 627264 628849 630436 632025 633616
451217663 45298-4832 454756609 456533000 45831-4011 4600996-48 461889917 46368-4824 ~5-48-4375 467288576 469097433 470910952 472729139 474552000 4763795-41 478211768 -480048687 -481890304 -483736625 -485587656 -487443-403 -489303872 491169069 493039000 494913671 496793088 498677257 500566184 502459875 504358336
27.69-48 27.7128 27.7308 27.7-489 27.7669 27.7849 27.8029 27.8209 27.8388 27.8568 27.8747 27.8927 27.9106 27.9285 27.9464 27.9643 27.9821 28.0000 28.0179 28.0357 28.0535 28.0713 28.oB91 28.1069 28.1247 28.1425 28.1603 28.1780 28.1957 28.2135 28.2312 28.2-489 28.2666 28.2843 28.3019 28.3196 28.3373
9.1537 9.1577 9.1617 9.1657 9.1696 9.1736 9.1775 9.1815 9.1855 9.1894 9.1933 9.1973 9.2012 9.2052 9.2091 9.2130 9.2170 9.2209 9.22-48 9.2287 9.2326 9.2365 9.2-404 9.2443 9.2-482 9.2521 9.2560 9.2599 9.2638 9.2677 9.2716 9.2754 9.2793 9.2832 9.2870 9.2909 9.29-48
2-409.6 2412.7 2415.9 2419.0 2422.2 2425.3 2428.5 2431.6 2414.7 2437.9 2441.0 2444.2 2447.3 2450.4 2453.6 2456.7 2459.9 2463.0 2-466.2 2469.3 2472.4 2475.6 1478.7 2-481.9 2-485.0 2-488.1 2491.3 249M 2497.6 2500.7 2503.8 2507.0 2510.1 2513.3 2516,4 2519.6 2522.7
462041 463247 464454 -465663 466873 468085 469298 470513 471730 4729-48 474168 475389 476612 477836 479062 -480290 -481519 -482750 -483982 -485216 486451 -487688 -488927 490167 491-409 492652 493897 495143 496391 497641 498892 500145 501399 502655
9.0735 9.0775 9.0816 9.0856 9.0896 9.0937 9.0977 9.1017 9.1057 9.1098 9.1138 9.1178 9.1218 9.1258 9.1298 9,1338 9.1378 9.1418 9.1458 9.1498
635209 506261573 636804 508169592 638-401 510082399 1---- r-' 6-40000 512000000 641601 513922-401 643204 515849608 644809 517781627
- 38-
- 39-
n
~
805 806 807 808 809
810
Cuadrado
Cubo
Ralz c:uadrada
Ralz c:ubica
Longltud c:ircunferencia
Area
n
840 ~1 ~2 ~3
Cuedrado
Cubo
Ralz cuadrada
Ralz c:ublca
longitud circunferencia
Area
6-16416 M8025 ~9636 6512~9 652~ 65#81 ·656100 65ml 6593~ 660969 662596 ~225 665856 667~ 669114 670761 6n~ 67~1 675~ 677329 678976 680625 682276 683929 6855~ 6872~1 688900 690561 692214 693889 695556 697225 698896 700569 7022~ 703921
51971&464 521660125 523606616 5255579~3 527514112 529~75129 531~1000 53Hll731 535387328 537367797 5393531~ 5~lH3375 5~333~96 5~5338513 ~7HH32 ~9353259 551368000 553387661 55~12H8 557~1767 559~7622~ 561515625 563559976 565609283 567663552 569722789 571787000 573856191 575930368 578009537 5800937~ 582182875 5~277056 586376253 5~72 590589719
28.35~9 28.3725 28.3901 2M077 28,4253 2M~29 28,4605 28,4781 28.~956 28.5132 28.5307 28.5~ 28.5657 28.5832 28.6007 28.6182 28.6356 28.6531 28.6705 28.6880 28.705~ 28.7228 28.7~2 28.7576 28.7750 28.7914 28.8097 28.8271 28.~ 28.8617 28.8791 28.89~ 28.9137 28.9310 28.~2 28.9655
9.2986 9.3025 9.3063 9.31()2 9.31~ 9.3179 9.3217 9.3255 9.329~ 9.3332 9.3370 9.H08 9.3~7 9.3485 9.3523 9.3561 9.3599 9.3637 9.3675 9.3713 9.3751 9.3789 9.3817 9.3865 9.3902 9.39~
2525.8 2529.0 2532.1 2535.3 2538.~ 25~1.5 25~.7 25~7.8 2551.0 255~.1 2557.3 256O.~ 2563.5 2566.7 2569.8 2573,0 2576.1 2579.2 2582.~ 2585.5 2588.T 2591.8 2595.0 2598.1 2601.2 2~.~ 2607.5 2610.7 2613.8 2616.9 2620.1 2623.2 2626.~ 2629.5 2632.7 2635.8
50769~ 508958 510223 511490 512758 51~28 515300 . 516573 517~ 519114 52~2 521681 522962 514145 525529 52681~ 528102 529391 530681 531973 533267 5H562 535858 537157 53~56 539758 5~1061 5~2365 5~3671 5~9~79 5%288 5~7599 5~912 550226 5515~1 552858
~ ~
705600 707281 7089~ 71~9 712336 71~ 715716 717~ 7191~ 720801 722500 72~201 725~ 727609 729316 731025 732736 73~9 7361~ 737881 739600 741321 743~ 7~769
5927~ 59~321 5969~7688 599077107 6012115~. 603351125 605~95736 607~5~23 609800192 6119~9 614125000 616295051 61~70208 620650477 622835~ 625026375 627222016 629~22793 631628712 633839779 636056000 638277381 ~503928 ~2735~7 ~9725~ ~721%25 ~9%1896 651714363 653972032 65623~909 658503000 660776311 66305~ 665338617 667627624 669921875 672221376
28.9818 29.0000 29.0172 29.03~5 29.0517 29.0689 29.0861 29.1033 29.12~ 29.1376 29.15~ 29.1719 29.1890 29.2062 29.2233 29.2~ 29.2575 29.27% 29.2916 29.3087 29.3258 29.1428 29.3598 29.3769 29.3939 ~2904109 2904279 29.~9 29,4618 29,4788 29,4958 29.5127 29.5296 29.5~ 29.5635 29.5~ 29.5973
9.~35~ 9.~391 9.~29 9.~ 9.~503 9.~5~1 904578 9.%15 9,4652 9.%90 904727 9.~7~ 904801 9.~38 9.~75 904912 9049~9 9,4986 9.5023 9.5060 9.5097 9.5114 9.5171 9.5207 9.52~ 9.5281 9.5317 9.535~ 9.5391 9.~27 9.5~ 9.5501 9.5537 9.5574 9.5610 9.~7 9.5683
2638.9 W2.1 2~5.2 2~M 2651.5 265~.6 2657.8 2660.9 ~.1 2667.2 267M 2673.5 2676.6 2679.8 2681.9 2686.1 2689.2 2692.3 2695.5 2698.6 2701.8 27~.9 2708.1 2711.2 2714.3 2717.5 2720,6 2723.8 2726.9 2730.0 2733.2 2736.3 2739.5 2742.6 2745.8 27~.9 2752.0
55~177 55~97 556819 558142 559%7 56079~ 562122 561452 5~783 566116 567450 568786 570124 571%3 572803 5741% 575~9O 576835 578182 579530 580880 582232 583585 5~9~ 586297 587655 589014 590375 591738 593102 59+468 595835 5972~ 598575 5999~7 601320 602696
~5 8% ~7 ~9 850 851 852 853 8~ 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 1113 87~ 875 876
821 822 813 814 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 83~ 835 836 837 838 839
7~
...
7~ 749956
9.3978 9.~16 9.~53 9.~1 9.~129 9.~166 9.~2~ 9.~2~1 9.~279 9.~316 .
751689 75142~ 755161 756900 75~1 7603~ 762129 763876 765625 767376
-.40-
-41-
n
877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913
Cuadrodo
Cuba
Raiz cuodrad~
Ralz
Langi'ud
circunferencia
dlbica
Areo
n
914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921
922
Cuadrado
Cuba
Rolz cuadrado
Rolz cubico
langi'ud cir(unferencia
Area
769129 7708&4
m641
77+400 776161
m924
67451.6133 676836152 679151139 681472000 683797841 686128968 6880165387 690807104 693154125 695506456 697864103 700117072 702595369 704969000 707347971 709732288 712121957 714516984 716917375 719323136 721734273 724150792 726572699 729000000 731432701 733870808 736314327 738763264 741217625 743677416 746142643 748613312 751089429 753571000 756058031 758550528 761048497
29.6142 29.6311 29.6479 29.66<18 29.6816 29.6985 29.7153 29.7321 29.7489 29.7658 29.7825 29.7993 29.8161 29.8329 29.8496 29.8664 29.8831 29.8998 29.9166 29.9333 29.9500 29.9666 29.9833 30.0000 30.0167 30.0333 30.0500 30.0666 30.0831 30.0998 30.1164 30.1330 30.1496 30.1662 30.1828 30.1993 30.2159
6001073 605451 606831 608212 609595 610980 612366 613754 615143 616534 617927 619321 620717 622114 623513 624913 626315 627718 629124 630530 631938 633348 634760 636173 637587 639003 640421 641840 643261 644683 646107 647533 648960 650388 651818 653250 654684
835396 837225
839056
30.2324 30.2490 30.2655 30.2820 30.2985 30.3150 30.3315 30.3480 30.3645 30.3809 30.3974 30.4138 30.4302 30.4467 30.4631 30.4795 30.4959 30.5123 30.5287 30.5450 30.5614 30.5778 30.5941 30.6105 30.6268 30.6431 30.6594 30.6757 30.6920 30.7083 30.7246
30.7409
9.7047 9.7082 9.7118 9.7153 9.7188 9.7224 9.7259 9.i'294 9.7329 9.7364 9.7400 9.7435 9.7470 9.7505 9.7540 9.7575 9.7610 9.7645 9.7680 9.7715 9.7750 9.7785 9.7819 9.7854 9.7889 9.7924 9.7959 9.7993 9.8028 9.8063 9.8097 9.8132 9.8167 9.8201 9.8236 9.8270
2871.4 2874.6 2877.7 2880.8 2884.0 2887.1 2890.3 289M 2896.5 2899.7
2902.8
656118 657555 658993 660433 661874 663317 664761 666207 667654 669103 670554 672006 673460 674915 676372 677831 679291 680752 682216 683680 685147 686615 688084 689555 ,,91028 692502 693978 695455 696934 698415 699897 701380 702865 704352 705840 707330
2780.3 2783.5 2786.6 2789.7 2792.9 2796.0 2799.2 ·2802.3 2805.4 2808.6. 2811.7 2814.9 2818.0 2821.2 2824.3 2827.4 2830.6 2833.7 2836.9 2840.0 2843.1 2846.3
2849,4
923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949
840889 842724 8+4561 846400 e48241 850084 851929 853776 855625 857416 859329 861184 863041 864900 866761 868624 870489 872356 874225 876096 877969 8798+4 881721 883600 885481 887364 889149 891136 893025 894916 896809 898704 900601
786330467 788889024 791453125 794022776 796597983 799178752 801765089 804357000 80695+491 809557568 812166237 814780504 817400375 820025856 822656953 825293672 827936019
830584000
2906.0
2909.1
9.6226 9.6262 9.6298 9.6334 9.6370 9.60106 9.6442 9.6477 9.6513 9.6549 9.6585 9.6620 9.6656 9.6692 9.6727 9.6763 9.6799 9.6834 9.6870
9.6905
2912.3 2915.4 2918.5 2921.7 2924.8 2928.0 2931.1 2914.2 2937.4 2940.5 2943.7 2946.8 2950.0 2953.1 2956.2 2959.4 2962.5 2965.7 2968.8 2971.9 2975.1 2978.2 2981.4
804609 .
806404 808201 810000 811801 813604 815409 817216
819025
- 42-
43-
n
950
Cuo-
drado
e"be
857375000 86008S351 8628010408 8655231n 8682S0664 870983875 873722816 876467493 879217912 881974079 884736000 887503681 8902n128 893056347 895841344 898632125 901428696 904231063 907039232 9098S3209 912673000 915498611 918330048 921167317 924010424 926859375 929714176 932574833 935441352 938313739 941192000 944076141 946966168 949862087 952763904 955671625 958585256
Rolz
cuadrado
Ralz cublca
Longitud c:jrcunferenclo
Area
n
987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000
Cuodrado
Cube
Rafz .cuadrado
Ralz cubica
Longitud
Circunferencio
Area
951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 9n 978 979
902500 90+101 906304 908209 910146 912025 913936 915849 91n64 919681 924600 923521 92S444 927369 929296 931225 933156 935089 937024 938961 940900 942841 944784 946729 948676 950625 952576 954529 9564&1 958+11 96CHOO 962361 964324 966289 9682S6 97022S 972196
30.8221 30.8383 30.8545 30,8707 30.8869 30.9031 30.9192 30.9354 30.9516 30.96n 30.9839 31.0000 31.0161 31.0322 31.0483 31.0644 31.0805 31.0966 31.1127 31.1288 31.1#8 31.1609. 31.1769 31.1929 31.2090 31.2250 31.2410 31.2570 31.2730 31.2890 31.3050 31.3209 31.3369 31.3528 31.3688 31.3847 31.4006
9.8305 9.8339 9.8374 9.8408 9.8443 9.84n 9.8511 9.8546 9.8580 9.86104 9.8648 9.8683 9.8717 9.8751 9.8785 9.8819 9.8854 9.8888 9.8922 9.8956 9.8990 9.9024 9.9058 9.9092 9.9126 9.9160 9.9194 9.9227 9.9261 9.9295 9.9329 9.9363 9.9396 9.9430 9.9464 9.9497 9.9531
2984.5 2987.7 2990.8 2993.9 2997.1 3000.2 300M 3006.5 3009.6 3012.8 3015.9 3019.1 3022.2 3025.4 3028.5 3031.6 3034.8 3037.9 3041.1 3044.2 3047.3 3050.5 3053.6 3056.8 3059.9 3063.1 3066.2 3069.3 30n.5 3075.6 3078.8 3081.9 3085.0 3088.2 3091.1 3094.5 3097.6
708822 710315 711809 713306 714803 716303 717804 719306 720810 722316 723823 725332 726842, 728354 729867 731382 732899 734417 735937 737458 738981 740506 742032 743559 745088 746619 748151 749685 751221 752758 754296 755837 757378 758922 760466 762013 763561
974169 976144 978121 980100 982081 984064 986049 988036 990025 992016 994009 996004 998001 1000000
961504803 964430272 967361669 970299000 973242271 976191488 979146657 982107784 985074875 988047936 991026973 994011992 997002999 1000000000
31.4166 31.4325 31.4484 31.4643 31.4802 31.4960 31.5119 31.5278 31.5436 31.5595 31.5753 31.5911 31.6070 31.6228
9.9565 9.9598 9.9632 9.9666 9.9699 9.9733 9.9766 9.9800 9.9833 9.9866 9.9900 9.9933 9.9967 10.0000
3100.8 3103.9 3107.0 3110.2 3113.3 3116.5 3119.6 3122.7 3125.9 3129.0 3132.2 3135.3 31)8.5 3141.6
765111 766662 768214 769769 771325 772882 774441 776002 777564 779128 780693 782260 783828 785398
-<U-
-45-
VALORES DE LA VELOCIDAD OBSERVACIONES DRADO, MERO CUBO, REFERENTES RAIZ CUADRADA DIAMETRO"
Estas tobias Para Para Para 10 coma Para 10 como obtener obtener obtener estdn indicadas en numeros 234" enteros de 1 a 1000,
ANGULAR
6 7 8
DE CUANUDE
DE UN CIRCULO
n
1O 20 30 40
°
0,0000 1,0472 2,0944 3.1416 4,1888 5,2360 6.2832 7.3304 8,3776 9.4248 10,'72 11.519 12.566
9
0.9425 1.9897 3,0369 4.0841 I 5,1)1)
n, CIRCUNFERENCIA
y para
SO
60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 ~10 ~20 '30
de numeros
= 54756 y se seporan
sepcr cndose
= 15.2971, se cdelcnturd
un puesto
un pues'o
y se tendrd
obtener
Vo.m
~34 = 6,1622,
se odelantaro
y se tendrd
Para obtener y
V2),4 y
~24r
Para puesto Para
entre
V2i4
entre
V"23
-r
se odelantcrn
73.513. se torncrc
_::__~_3_3_!_
4
= 43005.3. se cdelcn-
se tendrc
430,053 pora mas de 1000 numeros del ournero moyor para obtener n reprecolumna
se utrlizcn y 10
rcrz
de 1000.
EJEMPLO
'U r o.z ~q.'f('~(~nt~ r('~pec'l"'(lrnent(' 10 r ciz
cued-cdc
del
mjmero
1936 y
en
10
85184.
ambos
contidcdes cor
50e encontrcrcn
10 se-
440
qundc
460
'70 0180 .90 500
'50
:,.~,;qf~ro<;.atcrmedios
los numeros
'3.040 ..... 087 ~5.13< '5.029 46,077 I 46.181 47.124 .7.229 018.171 018.276 ~9.218 '9.l2J 50.265 50.370 51.313 5'."7 52.360 52.465
15,708 16.755 17.802 18.850 19,897 20.9+1 21.991 23.038 2<.086 25.133 26,180 27.227 28.27< 29.322 30.369 31,416 32,463 33.510 3<.558 35,605 36.652 37,699 38.746 39,794 40.8<1 <1.888 '2.935 ~3.982
~!:!!~ I ~!:~!~
15.81] 16.860
0,1047 1.1519 2,199:1 3,2463 4.2935 5,3407 6.3879 7,4351 8.4823 9.5245 10.577 11.624 12.671
17.907
18.95' 20,001 21.049
22.096 2<.190
25,237 26.285 27.ll2 28.379 29.'26 30 ..,73 31.521 32.568 33.615 3<.662 36.757 37.804 38.851 39.898 40.9'5 <1.993 23,"3
35.709
0.209oi 0,3142 0.4189 1.2566 1.3614 1,4681 2,3038 2,4086 2,5133 3.3510 , 3.4558 3,5605 4.5029 4,3982 4.6077 5,4454 5,5501 5.6549 6.5973 6.4926 6.7021 7,5398 7.6445 7.7493 8.5870 8.6917 8.7965 9.7389 9.6342 9.8437 10,681 10,786 10.891 11,883 11.729 11.938 12,881 12.776 12,985 13.928 13.823 H.032 14.870 14.975 15.080 15,917 16.022 16.127 17.069 17,174 16,965 18.012 18.117 18.221 19.164 19.059 19.268 20.106 20.211 20.316 21.258 21,363 21.153 22.305 22.201 22.410 23.353 23.2018 23.<57 24.295 24.400 I 24,504 25 ..... 7 25,552 25.H2 26.49<4 26.599 26.389 27,437 27.5'" 27.646 28.588 28.693 28,018' 29.636 29.531 29.740 30.578 30.683 30.788 31,625 31.730 31.835 32.673 31.777 32.882 33.720 33.82< 33.929 3<,872 3<.767 34.976 35.919 36.02~ 35.8" 36,966 36.861 37.071 37.909 38,013 38,118 39.060 39,165 38.956 40,108 40.003 40.212 <1.050 41.155 '1.260 42.307 <2.097 42,202 ';3,145 43,354 <3.2<9 ..... 192 ..... 296 ..... 401 .S.3 .... '5.239 "5,448 46,196 46.391 46.286 47.438 '7.333 '7.5'3 018.381 018.0!85 018.500 .9,<28 ,9.532 ~9.637 50.580 50,684 50.'75 51.522 51.627 51.732 52.539 52.674 52.779
0,6283 1,6755
12,7227 3,7699 4.8171 5.8643 6.9115 7.9587 8.9012 9.0059 9,9484 10.053 10,996 11.100 12,043 12.147 1).090 13,195 14,1]7 14.242 15,184 15.289 16,232 16.336 17.279 17.383 18,'01 18.326 19,478 19.373 20.525 20.<20 21.468 21.572 22516 22.619 23.562 23.667 24,714 2<.609 25,656 25.761 26,808 26.704 27,855 27.751 28,798 28.903 29.845 29.950 30.892 30.997 32,0+4 31.940 32.987 33.091 ]4,139 34.034 35.081 35.186 36.128 36.m 37,280 37.176 38.223 38.327 39,270 39.375 40.317 40.'22 41,364 ".469 ~2.516 42."12 43,459 <3.563 ..... 506 44.611 ~5,553 '5,658 46.705 46.600 47.752 47.647 018,799 018,695 9.847 .9,7<2 50.789 50.89' 51.836 51,9<1 52.883 52.988
1
0,7330 1,7802 2,8284 3,8746 4,9218 5.9690 7,0162 8,0634 9.1106 10,158 11.205 12,252 13,299 14.347 15.394 16,441 17 ..'88 18,535 19.583 20.630 21.677 22,72' 23.771 24.819 25,866 26,913 27.960 29,007 30.055
~',~~~~:;~~~ I
8,1681 9.2153 10.263 11,310 12.357 13.40< /14.451 15,499 16,546 17,593 18.640 19,687 8.2729 9,3201 10.367 11.414 12.462
13.509
iO.7J5
21,782 22.829 23.876 2<.923 25,970 27.018
31,102
32.149 33.196 3<.2<3 35,291 36.338 37.385 38,'32 39,479 40.527 41.574 <2.621 '3.668 44,715 .5,763 46,810 '7.857 018.904 49,951 50.999 52.046
i::~~ I i::;~~
30.264 31,311 32.358 33,406 34 ..0153
14.556 15.603 16.650 17,698 18.745 19.792 20,839 21,886 22,934 23,981 25,028 I 26,075 ( 27.122
35,395135,500 36,442 36.547 37.490 37.594 38.537 38.6<2 39.584 39.689 40.631 40.736 ';1,783 "',678 '2.726 '3.773 44,820 45.867 46,914 47,962 '2.830 '3.878 ..... 925 ~5.972 47,019 018.066 "9.114 50,161 51,208 52.255 53,301
1.
'9.009
50,056 51.103 52.150 53.198
53,093
46-
-47 -
FORMULAS
s = Espocio. t = Tiempo.
DE CINEMATICA
v = Ve/ocidad. UNIFORME s
V
= Aceleracion.
MOVIMIENTO
s=v
MOVIMIENTO v = a X I. 1=-. a
X I.
= ~--.
v
I
V=-. I
UNIFORMEMENTE
ACELERADO
Q=
--,
s=~-xt=
2
CIRCULAR
axt 2
MOVIMIENTO
v=
2,,~ R
60
(1)=
2"n 60
0.1047n.
= Numerc de revoluciones per minuto. = Dlstcnclu en metros del punto considerodo como eje de retceten. ¥' = Velocidad en metros por segundo. w = Yelocidad angular.
TABLAS DE CONVERSION
FORMULAS
DE DINAMICA
por M. segundo).
P = Peso de un cuerpo. g = Aceleeeeten producida por 10 gravedad (9.81 metros M = Masa de un cuerpo. F = Pceree centrlfuga 0 cenlrlpeta de un cuerpo con masa f = Fuerza viva.
FUERZA VIVA
f=
M xv'
- = P X h = P X s.
FuerzQ cenlr/fugo F de un cuerpo con masa M dotado de velocidad v en metros por segundo 5iluado Q 10 disfaneia R en metros del centro de rcteclen. Considerando un cuerpo siguientes relaciones: de masa
Referida a 10 fuerzo vivQ f de un cuerpo de masa M dotado de vetocidad V. P = Peso del cuerpo. h = altura de calda, S = espacio recorrido. M caida
f=Pxh.
h=
2~'9-'
hV ;h.
2
las
v=1'2gxh.
-48-
(/)
~§~~ §~i~ !!ii5 ~~~~ CS"''''''' ~S~a; Z§~i ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ """"""..0 ~~~~ ~U~ ~~~~ ~~~~ """"""N E~~~ ~§i: ~~~~ ~~~~ ~m~5~;1~~a;;;a ,...,..,.~~ 1ii~§§ ."';-IIi", ..0..0":": ..... ,..,. ..... ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ $~~r:: ,... ~~~~ ~~~~ ~::::.~~ ::::.::::.~::::. ~~~~ ~ ~ ~g;~8 ~~~i :~~s ~~~~ ~~~~ ~!i~ ::::~S~ g:::::~O ~ri~~ ~~.~~ ............... ~~~~ ~~~~ :l:l~~ ,..,. ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ;:!
NO-"O ...... II'INO'..o' N~O 0-0-0-0&I'INO<o..o N-OO..r ........ 0.1"10-
n~is~~~
00 ...... 00 "'
It ... CII
0
w .§ > 'E Z
0" e
on on
on
II'INO--O
~~~o:: ,...j,...j"';"';
~r::i~N
**t~
..mN o ..m
.....0--0
NNr:i::::l
a~~~~~~ a a~~~
0";_
",NO-...,
"';",..0..0
::::::::::::::::::::
&I'INO'o..o
"':"':":«i
~::U::H.:j:::::
~g~~ ~~~5 ~ii~ 5gi~ ~~:g5 ~~i! ~~~~ S~a;M Ei§n ~~ii !;~! ~~ ~~~~ ~;!; t~~! H ~~~~ 5SS8
~~~;
NM
......
U W
<{
~~;~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~g~~ ~~~~ ~~S~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~! =...... ~~~~ E~~g ~;i~ ~8?;!a ~~~~ ~~ii ~~t~ ~tt! tf~~ '!H? ?'!!! ~~~~ ~~~~
8:;::~o:. ,....~3~
00 ,....0-..0 ...... ~."."." mN~
~~!~ U~5:
.,..~o-..o ::::'-o~f
CS"""'0.1"1 N~O
ZUi
1ii~§§
,......oO-.r
"',....0-..0 ,....,.....,.....,....
..!
;:!I!;<S~ ~_~:;1
.5:
on "'tJ
0)
~~~~
~tEE E~~~
:I! 1:>8;:;1
~e;~~ ..mN
,..,.0-..0'"
~~.~~
~~~~
::g:g~~
~H:i ~~S~
"',....0-..0
0"
.J
D.
~B~BEEBE
~l!t ;;~~S
00 .....
~~:oO
E~~~ ~~~~
.",..,.0-..0
~§~~
00
~~M:O
8~~~ ~8~~
""'~OO"""
" '"5
0)
.,,~o-..o
~q~~
..0"",, ..0..0..0..0
~~$$
$~~i ;:::r::~~
~~I! ..................
oo-.r .... oo
.00,......0
~~~~ ~~i5 ~S;:m ~~i2~ ~~~l a~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ 'f.'i'i'i ~~~~ ~;;t t·.nvi :f'$'$r;; ~-~~~ ~
"'0''''''
~~~:
"''''''0'-0
....
~-~-~g
~1!;8~ ::j~~~
00,..,...08
« r
-50-
~~~~ ~::~~
~~~!$
tf_':5.~
O,,-.r
""1""'0'-0
~1~l
~::o;:;;~
ADVERTENCIAS Una insignificanle diferenclc extste en 10 conversten de 10 pulgoda tnglesa Q milimetros. y ella ~s debtdo Q las eprectactones de d,versos_ cutores. yo que 10 conversi6n oficiol de los".Estodos Untdos de Am~nca Ilene esla retccicn: 1 yordo 3600 3937' de Ingloterro' ~ 3600 3937,0113' --~_:.0.1 0.2 0,3 0.4 0.5 0.' 0.7 0.8 0.9
Conversi6n
de
1 10 100 1000
de milimetro
a pulgadas y viceversa
-mm. 10 100
Pulg.
mm.
Pulg.
--mm. 1000
~=
Stendc
10 retecrcn 1 yordo ~
---=-.00394
.00787 .01181 .01575 .01969
0,01 0.02
-OOOoj9.000079
Pulg.
O.oJ
0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
.oooua
.000157 .000197 .00023. .00027' .000315 .00035<
De estas reiactones se derrvcn los siguientes relociones cproximcdcs : 1 pulgodo (U. S. A.j ~ 25 ..10005 1 pulgoda inglesQ = 25,39978 Estas djferencics no deben ser epreoedcs en tecbcjcs de mecdntcc corriente. pero si en los de precision pora 10 clencte e industria. y se recomiendo operar para til conversion de medidos de precision por 10 tabla de decimas, centesimos y miles. mos. 10 cual permite de uno forma rcptdc. por media de sumas. el ccnverttr cualquier. medida. EJEMPLO Cenverur 20"201 pulgadas a milimetros: 20" = 508,0 mm . 0"2 = 5,08 mm. 0"001 = 0,025~ mm. 508,0 5,08 0,0254 ee 513,105~ mm. Diferencias que existen entre 10 relacion americana '1 la inglesa en una
m.3'2
.0275. .03150 .03543
1" 10
Pulg. .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .7 .8 .9 2.54 5.08 7 .• 2 10.16 12.70 15.24 17.78 20.32 22.86 Pulg. .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08
01"
100
.001
.002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 .008
pulgodo:
25.40005
..
25,3999~8
OO,<XlOO72
25.-\0005
~
.09
.009
Djferenctc. . ..•.. 00.00051 Relacion inglesa ...........•.... · 25.399978 Relaci6n segun venes autores ... ~ Diferencia. • . . ..
Unidades
Pulg. 0
de pulgad~s a milimetros
10 254.0 25.4 SO.8 76.2 279.4 304.8 20 508.0 533.4 558.8 5&4.2
00,000418
-+--7~'O-I
787.4 812.8 838.2 863.'
Como queda demostrado. la difnencia es pradicamente inmed,ble para la mecanizaci6n de ptezcs, '1' por tanto. na debe lenerse en cuenta sino pare caics de extreme precisi6n. La equivalttnCia 25." se procura sea reteeten ;
330.2
355.' 381.0 406.4 431.8 457.2
«umversul».
• por corresponder a
4 ·5
101.6
III
127.0 ISH
177.8
609.0 035.0
660,4 685.8 711.2
889.0 914.4
939.8 965.2 990.6
203.2
lll.6
412.'
730.'
52 -
- 53-
~
III G)
;;;~:g~~~::ri~::::'l
...;...;...;.....;...;.....;...;...;...;...;
;;;~:g~~~::ri~~l
...... aoU"lt"'l8)~""'o"~
a III
fi~S~ ~~~8 ~
....
...... aol.l'lt"'l8)~""'O"~
m
.5 a -a a 0)
III
....
0
~~*i:::;~:::n:~~~S 8
~Mr-ir-iMr-ir-i""';"';"";
~~~~o::~~8~::
...... aol.l'lt"'olO-"'OMO"~
~~!~e~~~R~ ......:.....:aiaOa:o-:a-:oo~
t"'oIt"'oIt"'oIt"'oIt"'oIt"'oIt"'oIMMM
...... aoU"lt"'olO-"'OMO"~
s
!l
~~~~#~~~~~ i......
...oi M
r-ir-ir-ir-ir-ir-ir-ir-ir-ir-i
~~~~~~~~~~
~=~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~C!;:;~~
~~~a#~~~~~
...00 ao ...... U"IO-Mr:::
......
"'S 1 Q. JlI ~
'e
-a
G)
III
" a ...
0
G)
CL
~r-ir-ir-ir-ir-ir-ir-ir-ir-i
i~~O:~~8~~~ ~~.~~~~~~~~
............................................................
i~~~~~~~~;:i
...
c;
t"
po.
!i!
~
E
s
~
8
!is:~~~~~~~~
~iii~~~~~~
o,,~ ...... aol.l'lt"'olO-"'OM
" ...... U"IO-M" ...... U"I<"'ol
..................................................
~ s
i~~~=~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~
~~:;a;~~~~:g...,
'"
~~~~i~~~~s, S;;~:8:gv;~~~"':
..... "aoaoo-o-O' ·00 .......... ................ ....................Mt"'oIt"'oIMM
~~~~~~~~#~ ::~~~~~~:!:!0
'0
•iii
...
> C
G)
~~~::~~~$~!i "'"!~"':~~~~~"":"":
" ..-aoU"lt"'olo'...o,.., ""'" ...... '¢COt"'olU"lO',.., O'cooo,,"'o-cU"l~V ""''' ....U''IO'M'' ....U''I
~~;~~~~~:g8
~~~::~~~$~~ "';";~u-lu-l~..o..o"",:"",:
~i~~Vi~;;::O;;;
"",,,..-VCOt"'olU"lO'M O'coOO"-C-CU"l'¢V ,..,,......-U"lO''''''''''..-U''I
0.21875 0.2H375 0.25 0.265625 9/32 0.28125 19/M 0.296875 5/16 •• 0.3125 21/M 0.328125 11/32 0.3~375 23/M 0.359375 3/8 •.. 0.375 251M 13/32 27/M 7/16 .. 29/M 15/32 31/M 1/2 ... 0.•390625 0.<10625 0.~11875 0.~375 0.~53125 0.46875 0.~375 0.5
O.
E
E
~~"':"':"':~~"'"!"'"!
.. ~~~r-ir.i...;...;
o .... "'oI""'~U"I-c,....aoot
O~Flgi~~~~~
- 54-
- 55-
~~i~ codo
II II II II
Decimales equivalentes
y 24 avos de pulgada
1/24 1/12 0".041667 0" .083333 0".125 0".166667 0".208333 0".25 0".291667 0" .333333 9/14 5/12 11/14 3/6 13/24 7/12 15/24 4/6 0".375 0".416667 0" .458333 0".5 0" .541667 0" .583333 0".6250".666667
e
::l~::l~ ~~a;:;:
cicicicicidciooooooooo cicicici II 11 11 II II II II II II II II II II II II II
3/24 1/6
Is~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
II II II II
-J.-f-;.E-J-f--l-}'.f.f-i--!-i-iiii
Decimales equivalentes
y 28 avos de pu!gada
0".357143 5/14 -0".071429 0".392857 11/28 1/14 ----- -0".107143 0" .428571 3/28 3/7 ---_ _._--_ --_----------0" .464286 0".142857 1/7 13/28 ._--- 1----- -~------0".178571 0".5 5/28 7/14 --- ----------~ 1--------0".333714 ~+_0'~-214286 _ 15/28 ~--0".571429 7/28 0".25 4/7 --_----- --------~ ------ 0".285714 0" .607143 17/28 2/7 1/28
.. ..
0"_03S7H
19/28 5/7
0".678571 0".714286
I---~--
,--~
~1-;;j
--
21/28
000
cicici II II II
~9!!~! !!! ~
II II II II II II II II II II
ddcid
cid II II II II II II
9/28
0" ."i;1~29i-
9/14
0".642887
27/28
0"_964286
-56-
- 57-
mm.
],683 ],708 3.73< ],759
Pulgodas 0,190 0,191 0,191 0,193 0,194 0,195 0,196 0,197 0,198 0,199 0,100 0,101 0,101 0,103 0,104 0,105 0,106 0,107 0,108 0,109 0,110 0,111 0,111 0,113 0,114 0,115 0,116 0,117 0,118 0,119 o,no
mrn.
Pul9Qda~ 0,210 0,281 0,181 0,283 0,184 0,285 0,116 0,287 0,111 0,289 0,190 0,191 0,191 0,193 0,194 0,195 0,196 0,197 0,198 0,199 0,300 0,301 0,301 0,303 0,304 0,305 0,306 0,307 O,lO8 0,309 0,310 0,111 0,311 0,311 0,314 0,315 0,316 0,317 0,318 0,319 o,no 0,311
! mm. ! 0.21
0.22 0,23 10.204 0,25 0.26 0,27 0,28 0,29 0,30 0,31 0,32 0,33 0,14 0.35 0.36 0,37 0,38 0,39
Pulgodos 0.0083 0.0087 0,0091 0,0094 0,0098 0,0102 0,0106 0.0110 O,01H 0,0118 0,0122 0,0126 0.0130 0,0134 0,0138 O,OH2 0,0146 0,0150 0.0154
mm.! Pulgodos I mm. Pulgodos 0,81 0.82 0,83 0,84 0,85 0,86 0,87 0,88 0. 0,90 0,91 89
1
5,969 5,994
6,020 6.().I5 6,070 6.096
0.01 I 0,0004 0.02 0,Q3 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,Q7 0,08 0,0'1 0,10 0,11. 0.12: 0,13 i O.H 0,15 0,16 0.17 [
1
0.0161 0.0165 0,0169 0,0173 0,0177 0,0181 0,0185 0,0189 0,0193 0,0197 0,0201 0,Q205 0,020'1 0,0213
i 0,61
I 0,62
0,63 0,64 0,65 0,66 0,67 0,68 0,69 0.70 0,71 0.72 0,73 0 74 . 0,75 0.76 0,77
0.02040 0,Q244 0,Q248 0,0252 0,0256 0,0260 0,0264 0,0268 0,0272 0,0276 0,0280 0.0283 0.0287 0.029-1 0.0295 0.0299 0.0303 0,0307 0,0311 0.0315
0,0319 0.0323 0,0327 0,0331 0,0335 0,0339 0,0343 0.0346 0.0350 0,0354 0,0358
2,642
2,667 2,692 2.718
].785
3,810 3.835 3.861 3.886 3,912
7,188
7.213
0.00081
I
0,42 0.43 0,44 0,45 0,46 M7 0,48 0,49 0,50 0,51 0,52 0,53 0.54 0,55 0,56 0,57 0,58 0,59 0,60
",978
5.004 5,029 5.055
6,121
6.147 6,172 6,197
7,138
0.0012 0,0016 0,0020 0,00204 0,0028 0,0031 0.0035 0,0039 0.0043 0.0047 0,0051 0,0055 0,0059 0,0063 0,0067
2,743
2,769 2,794 2,819 2.845 2.870
0,24]
0,144 0,145 0,146 0,147 0,148 0,149 0,150
],937 4,013
4,039 3,962 3.988
5,080
5.105 5.131 5,156 5.182 1.207 5.232 5.258 5.283 5.309
6.223
6.H8 6.274 6.299
2.896
6,n4
6,350 6,375 6.401 6.426 6,451
7,467
7,49) 7,518
2,921
2,946 2,972 2,967 3,023 3.Q.18
".064
1
4,089 4,115
0,251
0,251 0,253 0,154 0,255 0,256 0,257 0,258 0,259 0,160 0,161 0,161 0,163 0,164 0,165 0,166 0,167 0,168 0,169 0,170
7,S....
7,569 7,594
".140
4,166
0,111
O,ln 0,113 0,114 0,125 0,116 0,117 0,128 0,119 0,130 0,131 0,131 0,133 0,134 0,135 O,Il6 o,m 0,138 0,139 0,1«1
0,110
3,073 3,124
3.150 3.099
4,191 4.216 4,242 4,267 4,293 4,318 4.]4] 4,369 4.394 4,420 4.....5 4,470 4,496 4,521 4.547 4,572 4,597 4,62] ~.648 4,674 4.699 4.724 4,750 4.775
~.801
6.477
6,502
],175 3,226
3.251 3.277 3.302 3.m 3.m 3.200
e.rn
0,173 0,174 0,175 0,176 o,m 0,178 0,179 0,180 0,181 0,181 0,183 0,114 0,185 0,186· 0,187 0,188 0,189
0,171
5,512
5.537 5.562
7.798 7.823
trn
7.747
0,221
un O,n3 O,n4 0,125 0,116 O,n7 0,128 O,n9 0,130 O,lll O,ln 0,1]] 8,134
3,]78
3.404
5.588
1f1:::;
0,0079 Ejemplo:
7,975
8.001 8.C26 8.052 8.077 8.102
I 0.98
0.99 11,00
5.715
5.740
0,171
O,ln 0,173 0,174 0,175 0,176 0,171 0,178 0,179
0,-40 I 0,0157
0,141
0,141 0,143 0,144
].607
7.036
7.061 7.086
La equivalencia
en pulqcdcs
5,943
I e.m I O,n3
O,n4
2.229
-58-
- 59-
mm. 9,]98 9,<23 9,449 9.474 9,499 9,525 9,550 9,576 9,601 9,626 9,652 9,677 9.703 9,728 9,753 9.779 9,80< 9,830 9,855 9,880 9,906 9,931 9,957 9,982 10,007 18,033 10.058 10.084 10.109 10.134 10.160 10,185 10,211 10.236 10.261 10.287 10.312 10.338 10,363 10.388 10.414 10.439 10.465 10.490 10.515
Pulgodas 0.415 0.416 0.417 0.418 0,419 0.420 0.421 0.421 O.lli 0.424 0.425 0.416 0.427 0.428 0.429 0.430 0,431 0.432 0.433 0.434 0.435 0.436 0.437 0.438 0.439 0.440 0.441 0.442 0.443 0.444 0.445 0.446 0.447 0.441 0.449 0.450 0.451 0.452 0.453 0.454 0.455 0.456 0,457 0.458 0.459
mm. 10,541 10,566 10,592 10,617 10.642 10,668 10.693 10,719 10,744 10.769 10.795 10,820 10.846 10.871 10,896 10,922 10,947 10,97) 10,998 11,02] 11.0+9 11.0704 11,100 11.125 '1,150 11.176 11.201 11.227 11.252 11.277 11.303 11.328 11.35< 11.379 11.<0< 11.430 11.<55 11.<81 11,506 11.531 11.557 11.582 11.608 11.633 11.658
Pulgadas 0.460 0.461 0.462 0.463 0.464 0.465 0.468 0.467 0.468 0.469 0.470 0.471 0.472 0.473 0.474 0.475 0.476
mm. 11,684 ",709 11,735 11,760 11,785 11.811 11,836 11,862 11.887 11,912 11,938 11.963 11,989 12,014 12,0)9 12.065 12,090 12.116
Pulgadas 0.505 0,506 0.507 0.508 0.509 0.510 0.511 0,512 0.513 0.514 0.515 0.516 0.517 0.518 0,519 0.520 0.521 0.5U 0,523 0.524 0.5U 0.526 0,527 0.528 0.529 0.530 0.531 0.532 0.533 0.534 0.535 0.536 0.537 0.538 0.539 0.540 0.541 0,542 0.543 0.544 0.545 0.546 0.547 0.548 0.549
mm. 12,827 12,852 12,878 12.903 12,928 12.954 12.979 13,005 1),030 13,055 1],081 13,106 1),1)2 13.157 13,182 13,208 13,233 13,259 13,28< 13.309 13,m 13,360 1),386 13.411 13,436 13.<62 13.<487 13.513 13,538 13.563 13.589 13.614 13.6<0 13.665 13.690 13.716 13.741 13.767 13.792 13.817 13.843 13.868 13.894 13.919 13.9+4
1,617
0 •• 0,689 0,690 0.691 Q,69l 0,693 0,0.695 0,696 0.697 0 .... 0.699 0.700 0.701 0.702 0.703 0.704 0.705 0.706 0.707 0.708 0.709 0.710 0.711 0.712 0.713 0.714 0.715 0.716 0.717 0.711 0.719 0.720 0.721 0.722 0.721 0,724 0.725 0.716 0.727
0.3n
0.378 0.379 O.l8O 0.381 0.382 0.383 0.384 0.385 0._ 0.387 0.l88 0.389 0.390 0.391 0.392 0.393 0.394 0.395 0.396 0.397 0.398 0.399 Q,400 0.401 0.402 0.403 0.404 0.405 0.406 0.407 Q,408 0.409 0.410 0.411 0.412 0.413 0.414
o.m
8,458 8,<83 8,509 8,5H 8,560 8,585 8,610 8,636 8,661 8,687 8,712 8,737 8,763 8.788 8.814 8,839 8.864
18.nO
18.796 18,821 18.846 18.872 18.897 18.923 18.9<48 18.973 18.999 19.014 19.050 19.075 19.100 19.126 19.151 19.177 19.202 19.227 19.253 19.278 19.30< 19.329 19.354 19.380 19.<05 19.<31 19.<56 19.<81 19,507 19.532 19.558 19.583 19.608 19.634 19.659
0.4n
0.478 0.479 0._ 0.<81 0.<82 0.<83 0 .... 0,485 0._ 0.417 0._ 0,489 0.490 0.491 0.492 0.493 0.494 0.495 0.496 0.497 0.498. 0.499 0.500 0.501 0.502 0,503 0.504
12.141
12,166 12.192 12.217
17.907
17.932 17.957 17.983 18.008 18.0H 18.059 18.0&0 18.110 18.135 18.161 18.186 18.211 18.237 18.262 18.288 18.313 18.338 18.36< 18.389 18.415 18.440 18.465 18.491 18.516
12,W
12.268 12,29) 12.319 12.3+4 12.370 12.395 12.420 12.+46 12.471 12.497 12.522 12,5<7 12.573 12,598 12.614 12.649 12.674 12.700 12,725 12,751 12.776 12.801
8.890
I
I
8.915 8.941 8,966 8.991 9.017 9,0<2 9.068 9.093 9.118 9.1+4 9.169 9.195 9.220 9.245 9.271 9.296 9.322 9.347 9.372
15.n3
15.799 15.824 15.849 15.875 15.900 15.926 15.951 15.976 16.002 16.027 16.053 16.078 16.103 16.129 16.154 16.180 16.205 16.230
'.612 '.613
0.6M
'o.m .721
o.m
-60-
-61-
Decimales de pulgada
Pulgodas 0,775 0,776 0.778 0,779 0,780 0,781 0,781 0,781 0.784 0,785 0,786 0,787 0,788 0,789 0,790 0,791 0,792 0,793 0,794 0,795 0,796 0.797 0,798 0,799 0,800 0,801 0,801 0,803 0,804 0,805 0,806 0,807 0,808 0,809 0,810 0,811 0,812 0,813 0,814 0,815 mm. 19.685 19,710 19)33 19.761 19.786 19.812 19.837 19.862 19,888 19,913 19,9)9 Pulgodas 0,810 0.821 0,817 0,824 0,815 0,816 0,817 0,818 0,819 0,830 0,811 0,811 0.811 0,814 0,815 0,836 0,817 0,8)8 0,839 0,840 0,841 0,841 0.841 0,144 0,845 0,&46 0,841 0,848 0,849 0,850 0,851 0,851 0,853 0,854 0,855 0,856 0,857 0,858 0,859 0,860 0,861 0,862 0,863 0,864
inglesa a milimetros
mm
21,971 21,996 22,021 22,047 22,0/2 22,098 22.12] 21.148 22,174 22,199 PulgQdas 0,910 0,911 0,911 0,911 mm. 23.11'1 23.139 23.164 23,190 2),215 23.241 2].266 23.291 23,317 Pulgodos 0,955 0,956 0,957 0,958 0,959 0,960 0,961 0,961 0,961 0,964 0,965 0,966 0,967 0,961 0,969 0,970 0.971 O,9n 0,971 0,974 0,975 0,976 O.9n 0,978 0,979 0,980 0,981 0,981 0,983 0,984 0,985 0,986 0,987 0,988 0,989 0,990 0,"1 0,991 0,"3 0,994 0,"5 0,996
mm
20,828
Pulgados
mm
24,257
o,m
0.82]
ig::~~
20,9()4 I .
0,165
H.282
24,307
20,929 20,955 20,980 21,005 21,0)1 21,056 21,082 21.107 21.132 21,158 21,183 21.209 21.234 21,259 21.285 21.310 21,336 21.361 21,386 21,412 21,437 21.46] 21.488 11 :>1] 21.539
H,33J
0,9'.
0,915 0,916 0,917 0,918 0,919 0,910 0,921 0,911
2·4,358 14.384 24,409 24,04 24.%0 24,485 14,511 14,536 24,561 24.587
0,870
0.'71
0,871
(Iegua marino) 3 millas nauticas (milia geografica) marino (1760 yordo,) milia legal (braza) (yorda) (pie) (pulgada)
metros
O,8n
0,874 0.'75
23.H2
2].368
2),)9]
19,96.
'9,989 20,015 20,040 20,066 10,091 20.116 20.142 20.167 10.19] 20.218 20,243 20.269 1.0.2'4 20.320
22.225
22.250 22.275 22,)01 12.326 n.JS2 12.377 22.402 12.428 22,453 22.479 22,5()04
= =
0.'76
0,877 0,878 0,819 0,880 0,881 0,881 0,883 0,884 0,885 0,886 0,887 0,888 0,889 0,890 0,891 0,891 0,893 0,894 0,895 0,896 0,897 0,_ 0,899 0,900 0,901 0,901 0,903 0,904 0,905 0,906 0,907
0.92]
0,924 0,915 0,916 0.927 0,918 0,919 0,910 0,931 0,911 0,934 0,935 0,936 0,937 0,9)8 0,939 0,940 0,942 0,90 0,944 0,945 0,946 0,947 0,948 0,949 0,950 0,951 0,951 0,953 0,954
2].418 23.+44 23.469 23,495 23.520 1l.54S 2]571 23,596 2],622 2],647 23,672 23.698 23,723 2],7-49 23,774 2),799 21.850 I H876 2],901 23.926 23.952 23.977 14.003 24 028 14.053 14.079
» » » » » yardas
24.612 H,663
2-4,688 14.714 24.739 24,765 24.790 14,815 2-4,841 24.866 14,892 24,917 24.942 2",968 24,99] 25,019 24.638
0,911
0,3937 3,9370
pulgadas = » »
dedmetro metro
decdmetro
20,145
20,]/0 10,396
20..W
Ii.564
21.590 21.615 11.640 21.666 21,691 21.717 21.742 21.767 21,793 21.818 21,8.04-4 21,869 21.89.04 21.920 21.9-45
n.srs
]9,]70113
zo. .... 7
20.472
0,,..1
25.~
25.069 25.095 25.120 25.146 25.171 25.196 25.222 25,147 25.273 25.298 25.m 25.349 25.374 25.400
20,"'7
10.523 20,548 20,57<1 20.599 20.6H 20,650 20.675 20.701
= = =
10,936] 1093.6]00 » » »
H.1Q.4
H.no 24.155 24.180 14.206 24.231
ALMIRANTAZGO
BRITANICO
o,m
1,000
0,998 0,999
i
- 62-
1 Knot para pruebas de buques :d. 6080 pies, equivalencia a 1853 metros, es usoda siempre para las comparaciones de velocidades de buques. 60 millas geograficas = 1 grado en el Ecuador. 1 milia neuncc = 1 milia geografica.
-63 -
MEDIDAS DE SUPERFICIE
1 yarda! 1 pie2 1 0,836097
TABLA
pulgQdost
GalgQ Imperial Standard
DE
Birmingham Wire and Stubs (atombre) Pulgodas
GALGAS
Birmingham Sheet and Hoop flejes) mm. (chapas
I
m'
1 1 1
pulgodo'
Brow
and
Sharp.
pie,'
yordost
numero
e-. Pulgodas
O,~ 0,372 O,H81 0,324 0,300 0,276 0,252 0,232 0,212 0,192 0,176 0,160 O,1~ 0,128 0,116 O,1M 0,092 0,080 0,072 0,064. 0,056 O,M8 O,~ 0,036 0,032 0,028
"r-i
i
mm.
~--.-
Americana p~-t-~QdQS
Pulgodas
".
mm. 11,~ 10,-40<1 9,265 8,251 7,3~ 6,5~3 5,827 5,189 ~,621 ~,115 3,6M 3,263 2,906 2,588 2,3M 2,52 1,827 1,627
0000
O,~5~ O,~25 0,380 O,HO 0,300 O,28~ 0,259 0,238 0,220 0,203 0,180 0,165 O,H8 0,134 0,120 0.109 0,095 0,083 0,072 0,065 0,058 O,M9' O,M2 0,035 0,032 0,028
0,500 M~52 O,396~ 0,3532 O,31~7 O,28Q.1 0,2500 0,2225 0,1981 O,17M 0,1570 0,1398 0,1250 0,1113 0,0991 0,0882 0,0785 0,0699 0,0625 0,0556 0,0495 O,~ 0,0392 O,OH9 0,03125
12,700 11,308 10,068 8,971 7,993 7,122 6,350 5,651 5,031 ~,~O 3,987 3,550 3,175 2,827 2,517 2,2~ 1,993 1.775 1,587 1,~12 1,257 1,117 0,995 0,886 0,793
O,~ O,~6 O,3~ O,32~ 0,2893 0,2576 O,229~ O,2M3 0,1819 0,1620 O,1~3 0,1285 O,11~ 0,1019 0,0907 0,0808 0,0719 0,0641 0,0570 0,0508 0,0452 O,M30 0,0359 0,0319 O,02~ 0,02535 1 i
MEDIDAS DE VOLUMEN
1 yordo:! 1 1
pie"
000 pulgadasa 00 0 1 2
pulgodo"
1 1 1
pie,'
yordos:S
MEDIDAS DE CAPACIDAD
1 1 1 1
~
0,070 0,176 1,75980
5,892 5,3~
litro litro
Htr cs lures
1 cennlrtro
1 decilitro 1 litro
gill,
pintos pinl~
5 6 7 8 9 10
'
!
I
5,588 5,156 ~,572 ~,190 3,759 3,403 3,~ 2,768 2,413 2,108 1,828 1,651 1,~73 1,2~ 1,066 0,889 0,812
i ~,876 ~,470 4,064 3,657 3,251 2,9~ 2,6~ 2,336 2,032 1,828 1,625 1,422 1,219 1,016 O,9H 0,812 0,711
1 gallon (americano)
3.785 litros
PESAS
1 ton. {tcneludes]
1 1 1
=
11
22-40
libra,
1 oU'lce 1
12 kgs. » » » » » ltbres » » » 13 H 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
1 gromo 1 kilogramo 1
= = = = = =
0,711
-6-4-
- 65-
TABLA
GalgQ Imperial
DE
Birmingham Wire and Stubs (olombre)
GALGAS
Birmingham Sheet (chapas
- ----
Factores de conversion
and Sharp
numero
r---Pulgodas
Standard
--~-
ond
Hoop
Brow
INGLES
Libras por pie lineal Libras per yarda lineal
A METRICO
1,488 0,496 3333,33 1111,11 0,2818 0,07031 1,575 4,883 10,936 1,215 0,5933 16,020 1.329 0,01426 0,09983 48.905 25,8 0,1382 0.309 1,0139 0,477 0,0916 0,0279 0.252 2.713 0,746 kilos por metro lineal kilos por metro lineal kilos por metro lineal kilos por metro lineal kilos por kil6metros kilos por centimetres kilos por millmetro" kilos por metro' Tons. por metro' Tons. por metro" kilos por metres kilos por metres Tons. por metres
1--
--
mm.
Pulgodas
mm.
Pulgadas
flejes) -----mm
Americana
Gg;;;]--~;;·-0,02257 0,02010 0,01790 0,01594 0,01419 0.01264 0,01125 0,010021 0,00892 0,00795 0,007081 0,00630 0,00561 0,00500 0,00445 0,00396 0,00353 0,00314 0,00280 0,00250 0,00220 0,00200 0,00176 0,00157 0,00140 0,00124
x
X
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
0,024 0,022 0,020 0,018 0,0164 0,0148 0,0136 0,0124 0,0116 0,0108 0,0100, 0,0092 0,0084 0,0076 0,0068 0,0060 0,0052 0.0048
1 ,
0,609 0,558 0,508 0,457 0.416 0,375 0,345 0,314 0,294 0,274 0,254 0,233 0,213 0,193 0,172 0,152 0,132 0,121 0,111 0,101 0,091 0,081 0,071 0,060 0,050 0,040
0,025 0,022 0,020 0,018 0,016 0,014 0,013 0,012 0.010 0,009 0,008 0,007 0,005 0,004
0,635 0,558 0,508 0,457 0,406 0,355 0,330 0,304 0,254 0,228 0,203 0,177 0,127 0,101
0,02782 0,02476 0,02204 0,01961 0,01745 0,01264 0,01390 0.01230 0,01100 0,00980 0,00870 0,00770 0,00690 0,00610 0,00540 0,00480 0,00430 0,00386 0,00343 0,00306 0,00272 0,00242 0,00215 0,00192 0,00170 0,00152
0,706 0,628 0,559 0,498 0,443 0,396 0,353 0,312 0,279 0,248 0,220 0,195 0,175 0,154 0,137 0,121 0,109 0,098 0,087 0,077 0,069 0,061 0,054 0,048 0,043 0,Q38
0,573 0,511 0,454 0,404 0,360 0,321 0,285 0,254 0,226 0,201 0,180 0,160 0.142 0,127 0,113 0,100 0,089 0,079 0,071 0,063 0,056 0,051 0,048 0,039 0,035 0,031
Tons. per pie lineal Tons. por yarda Libras por mi1lo Libras por pulgodo2 Tons. por pulgodo2 Libras por pie2 Tons. por Tons. Libras lineal
x x
x x x
x
pte"
x
X X X X X X X X X X X
Gramos per gallon Libras per gallon -Gcllcnes Tons. libros por pie"
= gromos
= kilos por
por
litro
litro
41
42 43 44 45 46 47 48
pulgodo pie
c.
V. normal
X
X X X
v.
C.
por C. por
v. v.
por pie-
abreviotura
- 66-
-67-
Fadores de conversion
METRICO
Metrol Metro'\ por por
Fadores
Kilos por Kilos por Kilos Kilos por por metro metro metro lineal lineal
de conversion
A INGLES
0.672 2.016 0.0003 0.0009 3.548 14.223 0.635 0.2048 0.0914 0.823 1.686 0.0624 0.752 70.12 10.438 0.0204 7.233 0.0387 3.23 0.9863 2.235 Hbras libras tons. tons. por pie lineal por yarda lineal
A INGLES
ptes! por HP HP termiccs.
METRICO
x x
X X
Cy
C. V.
x x
X
10.913 35.806 3.968 0.369 1.340 0.7373 0.00155 645.1 0.155 6,451
Calorio ktlcgrumc Calorids Ktlevencs Valios Milimetros2 Milimetros2 CentimetresCentimetres" Metros2 Kil6metros~ Hectcireas Centimetres" Metros:! Metros3 Metros~ por metre'
lineal
x x x x
X
unidades termlccs HP
por pie'
metro lineal
Kilos por kil6metro Kilos por centimetre! Kilos por Kilos por Tons. pulgQdast Tons. pulgadast pulgadas' Kilos Kilos Tons. Gramos por por por por metro! metro' metro" metro por por por litro ccbrcc por mlllrnetrct metro! metro!
x x x
X X X X X
libras por milia libras tons. libras tons. tons. libras libras tons. gramos Libras gallones libras tons. tons. HP libras por HP por por pulgada2 pulgada2
por pie! por por por por por pie! yordo! yordo;! ple" yorda3 por par gallon gal16n por pies pulgada pie pi~
10.764
ptes"
acres
x
X X
x 247.1 x
2.471 16.383
litro metros
x
»;
X X
x x
X
x x
-68-
69 -
EQUIVALENCIA
C= F= 5 X (F-32) 9 9XC 5
of
ENTRE TEMPERATURAS
R=4XC= 5 4 X (F- 32) 9 C=
EQUIVALENCIA
ENTRE
R= + 32
FahrenheIt
TEMPERATURAS
4X C 5 4 X (F-32) 9
5XR =-4-
+32=~+32
C Cel,ius
r 9XC .- = -5-
.
JO
31
4
F
FohrO!nhl!l1
.,
oR
24,0
14.8 25.' 16,4
/WG..",IIIf
, """'-,
OR °C +
500
5SO 600
°C
oR
_16,0
°C + +
of
".0 87.8
°C +
80
of
oR +
64.0 64.'
°C +
130
OF +
266,0 267.8 269,6 271.4 171.2
275,0 276,8 278,6 280." 282.2 2114,0 285.8 287,6 291.2 293,0 29",8 296.6 298." 300,2 ]02.0 303,8 307." 309.2 311,0 312,8 314.6 316." 31B.2
OR
°C +
'80 '82
OF
OF
OR
932
-" +
-18 -11
_12 -11 _10
-20
'.'
3.2 5.0
''',4
n
14
12
es.e
91,4
82 81
"
9),2
95,0
27.2
28,0 28,8
10."
12.2 H,O
lS 36 37 38 39
40
ss.e
...,
..
as
88 90 92
176,0
117,8 179,6 181.4 18).2 185,0 186,8 188.6
n,
104,0 .104,8
tet
356.0
]S7.8 )59,6
144.0 1+4,8
145,6 1<W!.4 147,1 148,0 '''',8 '''9.6 1 SO... 151.2 152.0
1012
..,
400 480 520
65.'
66.' 67,2 68.0 68.'
132 133
i05.6
106,4
107.2.
108,0 108,8 109,6 110," 111,2 112.0 112.8 11],6 11"," 115.2 116,0 116,8 117.6 118." 119,2 120,0 120.8
'83 18'
'85 '87
t ..
29.6
]0,4
31.2 32.0
32,8
_.
-• • -, -• 7 5
1S.B
17,6 19,4 21,2
3 2
,
2 3
'.'
41
42
105,8 107,6 109.4 111,2 113.0 114.8 116.6 118,4 120.2 122.0 1B.B 125.6 127,4 129.2 1]1.0
n.e
]5.2
]6,0 )6.8
43
44
34,4
4S
46 47 48
0 t
SO
52
"
"
56
37.6 3M
39,2 40.0 40.'
69,6
70,-4 71,2 72,0
190 .. 4
192,2 194,0 195.8 197,6 199,4 201,2
rz.e
n.6
14.4 75,2 76,0
289.'
361.4 363,1
365,0 3.... 368,6 37M
6SO 700
7SO 0>0
'112
1292 14n '562 '652 17 .. 2 18]2
'202
'382
S60
600
m.r
]7".0
sse
8SO ."
3n,6
193
..
76,8 77,6
78.4 79.2 80.0 80.'
'47
15].6 15 ..... 155,2 156,0 156.8 157,6 158." 159.2 160.0 168.0 176.0
152.'
'000
'050 1100 11SO
'922
'012 2,.,
..
,""
1150
""
2m 2462 2551 2642 2732 2822 2912 3002 3092 3182 1272 J362 3452
840 880
,ioo nso
'400 14SO
"82
." ...
,""
1120 1160 ,,40
,
5 7 10
·
• •
0.'
212.0 213.8
115,6 217,4 21'-2
392
'500
1SSO '600 16SO 1700 1750
1.6
2.' 3.2 '.0
41.6 43.2
et.e
8],2 ".0
42••
44.' 46.' 48.2
"',0'
SO.O
11 12 14
51.B
5],6
n
1S 16
57.2
59,0
55."
10,4
53 54 55 57 58
60
42.4
'03 '04
105
82.'
153 .'54
155 '56 157
lOS.'
121.6
122," 123.2 1H.0 114.8 115,6 126." 127.2 128.0 128,B 129,6 110." 131.2
44.0 44.'
132.8
134.6 136.4 138,2 140,0 141,8 143,6 145.4 147.2 149,0 150,8 152.6 154.4
,06
107 10.
221.0
222.'
45.6
46.'
"
61 61 63
64
47.2
48.0 48.'
""
,10
224.6 226.4
228.2
".'
85,1> 87.2 ".0
.10
,'" ,""
'2110
1320
'000
'360
'400 '440 "80 1520
".'
90.'
nt
112
1)0.0
2]1.8
11.2
12.0
113
11. 115 '16 ",
...., ...
92.0
158 159
'60 16'
280
'90 300 310 320 330 340 3SO
".
S36 S72
590 .. 2
'800
224.0
232.0 2 ..1),0 HB.O
'850
eec
ese
2050 2100
320.0
121.8 323,6 325," 327.2 329,0 330,8 H2.6
'62 '63
'64
608 62'
644
2510.0
264.0 272.0 280.0 288.0
35..2
rsse
'680
1720
rrn
3812 3902 3992
3612
,..,
ieee
"40 1920 1960
'600
1760
" "
20
21
17
60.' 62.6
64.' 66.2 68.0
12,8
1],6 14 .•
15.2
16,0
tss
'66 167 '68 16.
112.0
132,8 133,6 135.2 136,0 1l6,B 117.6 13B." 139,2 110,0
52,8 53,6
54,4
360
370
156.2 158,0
159.8 161.6 163,4 165.2 167.0 168.8 170.6 172,4 174.1
55.2
56.0 56.' 57,6
,,,
ita 122 123
12. 125
70
71
22 23 24 25 26
27
·n.4
75.2
77.0
6'-8 71.6
16,8
17,6 18.4 19.2 20,0 20.' 21.6 22,4 23.2
120 121
72
73 74
58.4 59.2
60.0
'fT.' "..
".2 100,0 100.8
....
336,2 3]8.0
HH
339.8 H1.6 H)." 3"5,2 H7.0 3"8.8 ]SO.6
13..,,,
380
390
680 '96
716
2250 2300
0082
"'72 4262
296.0
301.0 312.0 120.0 128.0 3l6,O ] ..... 0 352,0 360,0 368,0 176.0 384.0
.. 352
0442 "512 46" ..712 4802 4892
734 7Sl
770 788
'70 17'
172
400
'10 420
2SOO
25SO 2600 2650
173 17.
175
.30
440 'SO .70 "0
806 82.
.. 2
78.8
80.'
7S 76 77
60.'
61.6
tae
127 ",
" "
82.'
".2
" "
62.4 63.2
'"
260.'
262.4
264.2
101.6
102.4 10).2
'"
17.
'79
'76
352."
]54.2
'''1,''
'''3,2
11O.B 141,6
460
""
-70 -
'"
27SO 20>0
...,
son
'880
2000 2080 2120
1160
2200 2240 2180 2320 2360
5162
]92,0
2900 19SO
5252
514l
- TABLA DE CONVERSION
KILOGRAMOS POR CENTIMETRO CUADRADO EN LIBRAS POR PULGADA CUADRADA
Kg,. por libra, libra, Kg,. Kg'. por por por por em' ...I'..ulg_ada· em' ....I'.ulg_ada· em' libra, por pulgada' Kg'. por libra, por pulgada'
-TABLA
DE CONVERSION
em' 17.2
em' 10.827 10.968 11.108 11.249 11.390 11.530 11.671 11.812 11.952 12.093 12.233 12.374 12.515 12.655 12.796 12.937 13.077 13.218 13.358 13.499 13.639 13.780 13.921 14.061 14.202 14.343
em' 14.624 14.764 14.905 15.046 15.186 15.327 15.467 15.608 15.749 15.889 16.030 16.171 16.311
em'
1.0 1.2
104
1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2A 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 H 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2
14.1.23 17.068 19.913 22.757 25.602 28.447 31.291 34.136 36.981 39.825 42.670 45.515 48.359 51.204 54.049 56.893 59.738 62.583
604
6.6 6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.0 8.2 8.6 8.8 9.0 9.2
91.029 93.874 96.719 99.563 102.408 105.253 108.097 110.942 113.787 116.631 122.321 125.165 128.010 130.855
1204
12.6 12.8 13.0 13.2 13.4 13.6 13.8 14.0 14.2
167.836 170.680 173.525 176.370 179.214 182.059 184.904 187.748 190.593 193.438 196.282 199.127 201.972 204.816 207.661 210.506 213.350 216.195 219.040 221.884 224.729 227.574
244.642 1704 247.486 17.6 250.331 17.8 253.176 18.0 256.020 18.2 18.6 18.8 19.0 19.2 19.6 19.8 20.0 20.2
1804 261.710
258.865
100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 138 140 142 144 146 148 150 152
70453
7.593 7.734 7.874 8.015 8.156 8.296 8.577 8.718 8.858 8.999
154 156 158 160 162 164 166 168 170 172 174 176 178 180 182 184 186 188 190 192 194 196 198 200 202 204 206
208 210 212 214 216 218 220 222 224 226 228 230 232 234 236 238 240 242 244 246 248 250 252 254 256 258 260 73-
262 264 266 268 270 272 274 276 278 280 282 284 286 288 290 292 294 296 298 300 302 304 306 308 310
180420
18.561 18.702 18.842 18.983 19.123 19.264 19.405 19.545 19.686 19.826 19.967 20.108 20.248 20.389 20.530 20.670 20.811 20.951 21.092 21.233 21.373 21.514 21.654 21.795
804 1190476
80437
1904 275.933
278.778 281.622 284.467 287.312 290.156 293.001 295.846 298.690 301.535 307.224 310.069 312.914
1404
14.6 14.8 15.0 15.2
160452
16.592 16.733 16.874 17.014 17.155 17.295
904 133.699
9.6 136.544 9.8 '139.389 10.0 142.234 10.2 145.078
9.140
9.281
2004
20.6 20.8 21.0 21.2 21.6 21.8 22.0
90421
9.562 9.702 9.843 9.984 10.124 10.265 10.405 10.546 10.687
650427
68.272 71.117 73.961 76.806 79.651 83.495 85.340 88.185
1504
15.6 15.8 16.0 16.2 16.6 16.8 17.0
1004 147.923
10.6 10.8 11.0 11.2 11.4 11.6 150.768 153.612
170436
17.577 17.717 17.858 17.999 18.139 18.280
504
5.6 5.8 6.0 6.2
1560457
159.302 162.146 164.991
1604 233.263
2300418
236.108 238.952 241.797
2104 304.380
140483
-
-72-
de aguQ.
metriccs, ontiguas.
»
Un milimetro de columna de agua a
= 0.0013158
4" = 1
= 0,07355
de mer-
()'>
Una
atmosfera
metrrce
» » »
cr
()o
= 28,958 pulgodas
= 10 metros de columna
a 4"
LECTURA DE MANOMETROS
EQUIVALENCIAS
Una atmosfera metrlcc
-
= 14.223 libras
= 0,968
cue-
I kilo
por
por ern?
()o
mm. de mercuric
inglesas de columnd
()o
Kilogramos Un
por
ern? a libras
pulgcdc?
4"
»
Una libra par pulgoda cuadrado
= 14.696 libras inglesas = 27.71 .pulgadas = 2.31 pies ingleses = 2.041 pulgadas = 1~ libras por
cuadrado. a 15
0
14,223 libras.
a kilogramos ki logramos. por pulgcdo? por em?
inglesas inglesas
Libras Una
0
pulgad~
-
» »
0,0703
a libras
Atrnosfercs
pies de agua. pulgadas ltbrcs Hbrcs por per por de agua. pulgada cuadrado.
14,223 libras.
a ctrnosferas.
» »
Un pie de agua a 15
0
por libra
pulgada2
= 62.355
- 0,0703 ctrnosfercs.
los mcnornetros. 10 lecture cere cor responde a 10 presion
= 0,433 libras
En todos
-74 -
75 -
hw
d~ 1 en
Prnion ~,
absoluto
Temperalure
e"'enlig
en m'
Kg
en aIm.
,. ... ..,
'.' '.' '.1 '.' '.' '.' '.' '.'
... ,.
,. " ...
....
".2
69,S
'''.552
7,543 5.140 3.916
0,069
0.133
0.1904
76.2
81.7
0.155
0,115 0.374 0.0] 0,4" 0.549 0 .... 0,663 0.719 0,n6 O,B32 0,887 0,941
",J OJ.J
93,9 100.0 102,7
3.171 2.671
2.101 1,016
97.'
1,812 1.6SO
.~ .~
... ~
1.'
lOS.1
107.5
"'09 1.390
1.189
.~
P.~ de 1 m
en Kg
encenlig.
.. ~ .. ::
....
.!..
I!
.~
155,1 155.8
1~.7
157.9 157.9 1S1,6
2.956
],007 1.M' 3.110
....
e.nt
0.)16 0,111
159.1
159,9 160,5 161.1 161,8 161.4 163.0 163,6 164.1 164.8 165,1 166,1
0,306
0.102 0,197
·s i
I!
.s
:. ~ E ~
0.19]
0,188 0,1&4
109.7
111,7 111,7 115.5 117.1 119,0
1.101
'.060 '.002
0 .... 0,901 0 .... 0,811 0.786
1,117
0,993 1.053
1,108 1,161 1,118
'.' ...
0.180
0.176
],518 1.568
],619 1.670
0.172
0,269
~ ~ ....
!
Go
121.1
121.6
no,'
'.' '."
0.265
0.256
168.1
169.5 170,8 172,1
0,248
0.241
'.m
'E ~ ...
'0
· ..
..
1.172
l,)U 1.3ao
115.1
126.5 117.1 129.1 110.1
0.753
0,72]
.~ ~. .. .~ ... ~. ~. .. ~. ~. ...
U
0.697
0.672 0 .... 0,617 0 .... 0,587 0,570
1.0..
1.418 1.451 1.596 1,694 1.102
1]1.6
1.'
132.8
'.' '.'
lB,9
135,0 1]6.1 118.1 139,1 140,1 141.2
".
tG,B to,S to,75 11,' 11.15 11~
11,75
t.7S
.... "
.!!
D.B"
0,227 0,111 0,115 0.209 0.'"
171.4 '74.6
175,8 176.9 178.1 179,1
• .... ~ .... .s
0,'99
0.194 0,190 0,185
.....
180.1 181."
181.4 181,5
o.m
0.531 0,521 0.508
1.756
1.009
0,181
0.177 0.173 0.170 0.166 0.161 0.160 0.157 0,1S4 0.H1 0,148 0.1046 0.1043 0,141 0.138 0.133 0.130 0,127 0.116 0.123 0,109 0.104 0.099
137,2
1.862
1.915 1,020 1.115 1.178 2,2)0 2.28) U87 2.41' 2.4'1 B43 ].S95 2,6047 2,698 2.150 2.802 2.853 2.905
'.' '.'
0.495
.....
'.4.5
186,5
5.511 5.640
5.76<1
185.5
S....
",.2
0.470 0.459 0 .... 0,0438 0,419 0.419 0.410
l.on
'41.1
1044,0
14],1
a.ns
'A
" ~. '.'
'.1
s.r
...
0.<'"
0.3.3 0,385 0.378 0.371 0,364 0.357
15,' U,S
.~.
u~
14,'
187,S.
188,4 189,3 190,) 1'1.2 1'2.1 193.0 191.8 194.7 1'S.S
6.01 6.15"
6.]76 6,490
'.009
11,15
11,75
..... .....
6.621 6,742 7.107 7.228
'6,'
'.'
O,lSO
0.3'"
.97 .99
::l
7."
7.69 7,87 8.10 8.65 9.15 9,65 10.10
"" i
E "0 >
:I
II
.. .. ·
I
~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~OO
~~~~~~~~~~~
__
..... NN~~~~~~~~O
-76 -
-77-
CA Uno calorio-kilogromo
LOR cclorio grande. 1.000 calorias-gromo. 427 kilogrcimetros. 2.342 calorias-gromo. 632 calorios-kilogramo. 860 calorias-kilogromo. 0.55 celer-ies kg/kg. = 8,9 colories kg/m:
1
CALOR METALES
LATENTE
Cotorro-Kq 13 30 23 30 4.6
» Un ktloqrcrnetrc Un HP-hora Un kilovatio-hora Una B. T. U. por libra Uno B. T. U. por pie cubrcc B. T. U. = Caloria ingleso. POTENCIAS
Estono
Cobre Fundtcton gris. Hierro Niquel Mercurio Plata Plomo Plalino , Zinc. CALOR
potcisico.
Hrc!o (agua).
CALORIFICAS
2.8
21 5.4 27.2 28 LATENTE CUE R PO S
I ~n~~~il~; /::;~
colidod.
DE VAPORIZACION CALORIA·KG.
6.600
completo) 4.800 7.750 8.000 7.000 7.230 10.000 768 11.600 4.100 3.800 7.100 11.000 10.000 11.000 10.500 INFERIORES CALORIA·KG. 10.100 10.610 10.000
Brtquetcs de hullo. Carbon de madera (combusti6n Coque de gas. . Coque metchirqtco. Gas de alumhrado. Gas de alto horno. Gas ccetlleno Madera Turbo. Alcohol Gasolino. Benzol. Petr61eo • Mazut (similar gos-oil) POTENCIAS
~~.
~~~.
ill
~
94,4 90
Azufre. Alcohol Benzol. Ete r • (0 O~). DILATACION CUERPOS CUBICA 1" C Amoniaco (a 0"') Acido carbonico
362 210
304,4 55.1
CALORIFICAS
COMBUSTIBLE Aceite solar. . Petr61eo [rectificcdo] Gasolino. . Petrclec en bruto . Gas-oil (ccette de gas) Benzol. .
9.900
10.000 9.590
-78 -
-79 -
o·
T angentes
!;lOUD
tan
.01746 .01776 .01804 .01833 .01862 .01891 .01920 .01949 .01978 .02007 .02036
l'
!;lOun
y Colangenles 2'
tan
.03492 .03621
Cloun
tan
.06241 .06270 .06299 .05328 .M367 .06881 .OMI6 .06446 .0M74 .06603 .06533 .060562 .06691 .06620 .06678 .06708 .06737 .06766 .06796 .0..... .0_
3·
cota.
MODELO
DE
Hierro fundido
Lal6n
Cobre
Bronce
Aluminio
Plnc
abeto
18.8 10.1 10.9 15.1 11.5 11.9 14.3 13.2 0.95 frigoriftcas
Roble.
Haya
Tilo Peral Abedul Aliso. Caoba Lal6n
10 11
• • • • • •
6 7
0 1
.000211 .00068 .00087 .00116 .00146 .00176 .00204 .00233 .00262 .00291
.00000
::~:~n
67.2900 056.3606 66.4416 M.MI3 63.7086 62.8821 62.0807 61.3032 6O.M85 49.8167 49.1039 48.4121 47.7395 47.0863 46.4489 46.8294 46.2261 44.8386 44.0661 43.6081 42.9641 42.4335 41.9168 41.4106 40.9174 40.4368 39.9656 39.6069 39.00568 38.6177 38.1885 37.7686 37.3679 36.9560 36.05627 36.1776 36.8006 3li.4313 36.0696 34.71lil 34.3678 34.0273 33.6936 33.3662 33.0462 32.7303 32.4213 32.1181 31.8206 31.6284 31.2416 30.9699 30.6833 30.'116 30.14'6 29.8823 29.62," 29.3711 29.1220 28.8771 28.6363 t ••
.00MO
.03_
28.&383 28.3994 28.1664 27.9372 27.7117 27.4899 27.2716 27.0666 26.8460 26.6367 26.4316 26.2296 26.0307 26.8348 26.6418 26.4617 26.2644 26.0798 24.8978 24.7186 24.M18 24.3676 24.1967 24.0283 23.8693 23.6946 23.6321 23.3718 23.2137 23.0677 22.9038 22.7619 22.6020 22.4Ml 22.3081 22.1840 22.0217 21.8813 21.7426 21.60056 21.4704 21.3369 21.2049 21.07'7 20.9460 20.8188 20.6932 20.6691 20.4466 20.3263 20.2066 20.0872 19.9702 19.8646 19.7403 19.6273 19.61056 19.4061 19.2969 19.1879 19.0811 taD
19.0811 18.9766 18.8711 18.7678 18.6&U 18.4~ 18.3866 18.2671 18.1708 18.0760
1lI._
13 1<
I.
16 17
4.3 0.3
20
312.621 286.478 264.441 246.662 229.182 214.868 202.219 190.984 180.932 171.885 163.700 IM.269 149.4&6 143.237 137.607 132.219 121.321 122.774 118.6010 114.689 110.892 107 .426. 104.171 101.11~ 98.217 96.489 92.908 90.4633 88.H3 85.939 83.843 81.847 79.943 ~::~~3 74.729 73.139 71.6161 70.1li33 68.7601 66.10b 6iilll 64 63.6567 62.4992 69.265
.02066 .02096 .02124 .02153 .02182 .02211 .022{() .02269 .02298 .02328 .02367 .02386 .02416 .02444 .02473 .02602 .02531 .02:1&0 .02689 .02619 .02&18 .02677 .02106 .02736 .02764 .02793 .02822 .02861 .02881 .02910 .02939 .02968 .02997 .03026 .03066 .03084 .03114 .03143 .03172 .03201 .03230 .03269 .03288 .03n7 .03346 .03376 .03406 .03434 .03463 .03492
.03871 .03900 .03929 .03968 .03987 .04016 .0<'" .04076 .04104 .04133 .04162 .04191 .04220 .04260 .04279 .04308 .04337 .04366 .04396
.00W
.03812
.066<,
.0IS82'
17.a802 17.8863 17.7934 17.7015 17.6106 17 6206 17.4314 17.3432 17.2568 17.1693 17.0837 16.9990 16.9160 16.8319 16.7496 16.6681 16.6814 16.6076 16.4283 16.3499 16.2122 16.1962 16.1190 16.0436 16.9687 16.~ 16.8211 16.7"83 16.6762 16.6(K8 16.5340 16.4638 lli.3943 16.3264 16.2671 16.1893 16.1222 16.0667 14.9898 14.9244
MEZCLA
Partes en peso
Descenso De
de temperatura A
·C
Salitre,
agu? agua. . •
:1 :1 : 5: 16
:1
-24
-12 -16 -33 -18 -35 -41 -40 -9 -6
Sal amoniaco. Nitrato Cloruro Cloruro Acido Acido Acido Fosfato Fosfato amcmco.
nieve. nieve.
:2 :1
:1 :1
do sulfurtco suelto ..
:1 :2 9:4
.. .. .. .. .. •• .. ••
31
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.00873
.06970
:8:li
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3. 3. 37 86 8. 3. 33 32 31 30
.. .. .. •• •• .. .. ..
60
ISS 67
66 64 68 6' 61
<7 .6 .3
<1
3'i
83
36 36 37 38
3.
<1 .2
.00962 .00931 00900 .00989 .01018 .01047 .01076 .01106 .01136 .01164 .01193 .01222 .012~1 .01280 .01309 .01338 .01367 .01396 .01426 .014M .01484 .01613 .01M2 .01671 .01600 .01629 .01668 . 01687 .01716 .01746 !;lotaD
.04li12 .04Ml .04670 .0<&99 .04628 .04668 .0<687 .04716 .047'6 .04774 .04803 .04832 .04862 .04891 .04920 .049'9
:~J .0<488
211 2. 27 26 26 23 22 21 20
..
• • • •
7 6
.06<0,
.06437 ._7 .... 96 .06626 .06664
.08379
.3
<7
.06_
.06613 .06642 .06671 .06700
I" 1s
1< 13 12 11 10
1. 17
I.
6()
'1 '2 .3 64 67
6S
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00
~Jg&2
taD
3b:~2~
.04978 .0S007 .06037 .06066 .06096 .06153 .05182 .05212 .05241 ecten
.atH2"
.06730 14.8696 .06769 14.79M .06788 14.7317 .06817 14.8886 .068<7 14.6069 .06875 . 14.M38 .06906 14.4823 .06934 H.4212 .06963 14.3607 .06093 14.3007
3 2 1 0
cmontccc. •
dct-
9:6:4
89'
ecren
88'
87'
,otan
86'
tan
80-
-81-
tan 0 1 2 3 .069!13 .070:12 .070.'11 .07080 .07110 .07139 .07168 .07197 .07227 .0'1256 .07285 .07314 .07344 .07373 .07402 .07431 07461 .07490 .07519 .07648 .07578 .07607 .07636 .07665 07695 ,07724 07753 .07782 .07812 .07841 .07870 .07899 .07929 .07958 .07987 .08017 .08046 .08075 .08104 .08134 .08163 .08192 .08221 .08251 .08280 .08309 .08339 .08368 08397 .08427 .08456 .08486 .08514 .08544 08573 .08602 08632 08661 ,08690 .08720 .08749
~. cotan
tan
00,
cotan 11.4301 11.3919 11.3.540 11.3163 1l.278g 11.2417 11.2048 11.16.11 11.1316 11_0964 11,0594 11 0:'>:". 10. !).'i2Y 10. ~117p\
W.If"!!!L'
tan .10.510 .10540 .10569 .10599 .10628 10657 .10687 .10716 .10746 .10775 ,10805 .10834
cotan 9 . .51436 9.48781 9.46141 9.43515 9.40904 9.38307 9.3.'1724 9.331.'">4 9.30599 9.28058 9.25630 9.23016 9.20510 9.18028 9.15554 9.13093 9.10646 9.08211 9.05789 9.03379 9.00983 8.98598 8.96227 8.93867 8.91620 8.89185 8.86862 8.84551 8.82252 8.79964 8.77689 8.75425 8.73172 8.70931 8.68701 8.66482 8.64275 8.62078 8.59893 8.57718 8.56555 8.53402 8.61259 8.49128 8.47007 8.44896 8.42795 8.40705 8.38625 8.36565 8.344M 8.32446 8.30406 8.28376 8.26355 8.24345 8.22344 8.20352 8.18370 8.16398 8.14435 tan
tan .12278 .12308 .12338 .12367 .12397 .12426 .12456 .12486· .12516 .12644 .12674 .12603 .12633 .12662 .12692 .12722 .12751 .12781 .12810 .12840 .12869 .12899 .12929 .12958 .12988 .13017 ,13047 .13076 .13106 .13136 .13165 .13195 .13224 .13264 .13284 .13313 .13343 .13372 .13402 .13482 .13461 .13491 .13521 .13550 .13580 .13809 .13639 .13669 .13698 .l3728 13758 .13787 . 13817 .13846 .13876 .13906 . 13935 .13965 .13995 .14024 .14054 cotan
cotan 0 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 16 17
tan 14054 .14084 . 14113 .14143 .14173 ,14202 14232 : 14262 .14291 .14321 .14351 .14381 . 14410 .14440 .14470 .14499 . 14529 .14559 .14588 .14618 .14648 .14678 .14767 .14796 .14826 .14856 .14886 .14915 .14946 .14975 .15006 .15034 .15064 .15094 .15124 .15153 .15183 .15213 .15243 .15272 .15302 .15332 .15362 .15391 .15421 .15451 .15481 .15511 .15640 . 155iO .15600 .15630 .15660 .15689 .15719 .15749 .15779 .15809 .15838 cotan
.'
eotan
tan
~- cotan
tan .17633 .17663 .17693 .17723 .17763 .17783 .17813 .17843 .17873 .17903 .17933 .17963 .17993 .18023 .18053 .18083 .18113 .18143 .18173 .18203 .18233 .18263 .18293 .18323 .18353 .18383 .18414 .18444 .18474 .18604 .18534
10"
cotan
tan .19438 .19468 .19498 .19629 .19669 .19589 .19619 .19649 .19680 .19710 .19740 .19770 .19801 .19831 .19861 .19891 .19921 .19952 .19982 .20012 ,20042 .20073 .20103 .20133 .20164 .20194 .20224 .20254 .20285 .20316 .20346 .20376 .20406 .20436 .20466 .20497 .20627 .20557 .20588 .20618 .20648 .20679 .20709 .20739 .20770 .20800 .20830 .20861 .208Yl .20921 .20952
II
cotan 5.14456 5.13658 5.12862 5.12069 6.11279 5.10490 5.09704 6.08921 6.08139 6.07360 5.06684 5.05809 5.05037 6.04267 6.03499 5.02734 5.01971 5.01210 6.00451 4.99696 4.98940 4.98188 4.97438 4.96690 4.95946 4.95201 4.94460 4.93721 4.92984 4.92249 4.91616 4.907IM 4.90056 4,89330 4.88605 4.87882 4.87162 4.86444 4.85727 4.85013 4.84300 4.83590 4.82882 4.82175 4.81471 4.80769 4.80068 4..79370 4.78673 4.77978 4.77286 4.76695 4.75906 4.75219 4.74634 4.738.51 4.73170 4.72490 4.71813 4.71137 4.7Q.t63 .an 60 69 6• 67 66 66
10
6 6 7
•
s
14.3007 14.2411 14.1821 14.1235 14.0655 14.0079 13.9507 13.8940 13.8378 13.7821 13 7267 13,6719 13.6174 13.5634 13.5098 13.4566 13.4039 133515 13.2996 13.2480 13.19691 13.1461 13.0958 13 0458 12.9962
1
08719 .08778 .01;807 08837 .08866 .088U5 .08926 .08954 .08983 .09013 .09042 .090il .09101 .09130 .09159 .0918Y .09218 .09247 .09277 .09306 . 093~5
8.08600
~::~~~Ai g~ I 57
8.1443~!
60
7.11537 7.10038 7.08546 7.07059 7.05679 7.04105 7.02637 7.01174 6.99718 6.98268 6.96823 6.9~385 6.93952 6.92525 6.91104 6.89888 6.88278 6.86874 6.85476 6.84082 6.82694 6.81312 6.79936 6.78564 6.77199 6.75838 6.74483 6.73133 6.71789 6.70450 6.69116
.15838 .15868 .15898 .15928 .15968 .15988 .16017 .16047 .16077 .16107 .16137 .16167 .16196 .16226 .16256 .16286 .16316 .16346 .16.176 16405 .16435 .16466 .16495 .16525 .18655 .16585 .16615 .16645 .16674 .16704 .16734 .16764 . 16794 .16824 .168640 .16884 .16914 .16944 .18974 .17004 .17033 . 17063 . 17093 .17123 .17153 .17183 .17213 .17243 .17273 .17303 .17333 .17363 .17393 .17423 .17453 .17483 .17513 .17643 .17573 .17603 .17633 cotan
6.31376 6.3U189 6.29007 6.27829 6.26655 6.25486 6 24321 6.23160 6.22003 6.20851 6.19703 6.18559 6.17419 6.16283 6.15151 6.14023 6.12899 6.11779 6.10664 6,09562 6.0844-4 6.07340 6.06240 6.05143 6.04051 6.02962 6.01878 6.00797 5.99720 5.98646 5.97676 5.96610 5.95448 5.94390 5.93335 5.92283 5.91235 5.90191 5.89161 6.88114 5.87080 5.86051 5.85024 5.84001 5.82982 5.81966 ~.80953 5,79944 5.78938 5.77936 5.76937 5.75941 5.74949 5.73960 5.72974 5.71992 5.71013 5.70037 5.69064 5.68094 5.67128 tan
6.67128 6.66165 5.65205 5.64248 6.63295 5.623445.61397 5.60452 4.59511 5.58673 5.57638 5.56706 5.55777' 5.54851 5.53927 5.53007 6.52090 6.51176 6.60264 6.49356 6.48451 5.47648 6.4664-8 5.45751 5.44867 5.43966 5.43077 5.42192 5.41309 6.40429 6.39552 6.38617 6.37806 6.36936 6.36070 6.36206 6.34346 6.33487 6.32631 6.31778 6.30928 6.30080 6.29235 5.28393 5.27553 5.26715 5.25880 5.25048 5,24218 5.23391 6.22666 5.21744 5.20925 6.20107 5.19293 6.18480 5.17671 IL 16863 6.16058 5.15256 5.14455 tan
63 52 61 60 .9
..
16 16
l'
11 12 13
20
I.
~~ !
10893 10922 It ) ....... I J~ .10952 IU 84g:~ 10981 I 1 .11011 10.8139 10.7797 .11040 10.7457 .11070 10.7119 .11099 .11128 .11158 .11187 .11217 .11246 .11276 . 11305 .11336 .11364 .11394 .11423 .11452 .11482 .11511 .11541 .11570 .11600 .11629 .11659 .11688 .11718 .11747 .11777 .11806 .11836 .11865 .11895 .11924 .11954 .11983 .12013 .12042 .12072 .12101 .12131 .12160 .12190 .12219 .12249 .12278 cotau
.""863
•• ••
43 42 41 40
••
19 20 21 22 23 24 26 26 27 2• 29 30 31 32 33 3' 36 36 37 3. 39 40 11 42 43
1.
••
'3
(2 (j
47 46 .6
••
40 39 3. 37 36 36 3. 33 32 31 30 29 2s 27 26 26 24 23 22 2! 20 I• 1s 17 16 16 14 13 12 11 10 9
21 22 23 24 26 27 2. 29 30 31 32 33 3. 36 36 37 3. 3. .0
,.
12 8496 12.8014 12.7636 12.7062 12.6591 12.6124 12,5660 12.6199 12.4742 12.4288 12.3838 12.3390 12.2946 12.2605 1:R.2067 12.1632 12.1201 12.0772 12.0346 11 ..9923 11_9504 11.908" 118673 11.8262 11.7853 11.7448 11.7Q.t5 11.6645 1 11.6248 11.5853 11.5461 11.5072 11.4685 11,4301 tan
g:~~~?!
.09365 10.6783 .09394 10 ,09423110.6118 ,08453 10.5789 09482 10 . .'1462 08511 10.5136 .09541 10.4813 .09570 10.4491 .09600 10.4172 .09629 10.3854 10.3638 10.3224 10.2913 10.2602 10.2294 10.1988 10.1683 10.1381 10.1080 10.0780 10.Q.t83 10.0187 9.98931 9.96007 9.93101 9.90211 9.87338 9.84482 9.81641 9.78817 9.76009 9.73217 9.70441 9.67680 9.6493 9.6220 9.5949 9.56791 9.54106 9.5143 tan
7.75254 39 7.73480 3. 7.71715 37 7.69957 36 7.68208135 ~::~~;~ 7.63005 7.61287 7.59575 7.57872 7.56176 7.604487 7.52806 7.61132 7.49465 7.47806 7.461.'14 7.44509 7.42871 7.41240 7.39616 7.37999 7.36389 7.34786 7.33190 7.31600 7.30018 7.28442 7.26873 7.25310 7.23754 7.22204 7.20661 7.19125 7.17594 7.16071 7.14553 7. 13Q.t2 7.11537 tan I ~~ 32 31 30 29 2. 27 26 2b 24 23 22 21 20 19 1. 17 16 16 14 13 12 11 10
: ~:~i~
..
41 42
.09668 .09688 .09717 .09746 .09776 .09805 .008.14 .09864 .09893 .09923 .09952 .09981 .10011 .10Q.t0 .10069 .10099 10'28 .101;}8 .10187 .10216 .10246 .10275 .10305 .10334 .10363 .10393 .10422 .1Q.t52 .1Q.t81 .10510 cotan
6.67787 6.66463 6.65144 6.63831 6.62523 6.61219 6.59921 6.58627 6.57339 6.55055. 6.54777 6.1'i3.503 6.52234 6.50970 6.49710 1 6,48456 6.47206 6.45961 6.44720 6.434841 6.42253 6.41028 6.39804 6.38587 6.37374 6.36165 6.34961 6.33761 6.32566 6.31375 tan
.18664 .18694 .18624 .1-8654 .18684 .18714 .18745 .18775 .18805 .18836 .18865 .18896 .18925 .18955 .18986 .19016 . 19Q.t6 .19076 .19106 .19136 .19166 .19197 .19227 .19257 .19287 .19317 .19347 .19378 .19408 .19438 cotan
•• ••
60
46 .6 47
., •• I.
46 46 56 66 67 6. 09 60
••
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..
61 62 63 6.
se
6. 60
ss
67
3 2 1 0
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9 7 6 6
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62 63
.20982 . 21013 . 21Q.t3 .21073 .21104 . 21134 .21164 .21195 .21225 .21256 cotaa
s
7 6 6
3 2 1 0
ectan
85"
84"
83"
82"
81"
80"
79'
78'
-- 82-
- 83-
tan
12' cotan
".7M63 t.69791 '.69121 '.68462 t.67786 ".67121 "'.66"'68 '.66797 "'.66138 "'.6t"'SO "'.63826 "'.63171 4:.62618 ",.61868 ",.61219 t.60672 ",.59927 4:.59283 4:.58Ml ",.68001 ",.67363 ".56726 ",.56091 4:.6M68 4:.M826 ".MI96 ".63668 4:.629U 4:.62316 "'.61693 •. 61071 ",.604.61 "'."'9832 "'."'9216 4:.4:8GOO ",.4:7986 4:.tT37f ".467&& •. "'6166
tan
1~' cotan
t.331'8 t.32673 '.32001 '.31f30 t.3086O t.30291 ",.2972", ",.29159 ",.28696 "'.28032 ",.27",71 "'.26911 4:.26362 4:_26796 ",.26239 "'.24686 4:.24:132 "'.23680 4:.23030 4:.22.81 ",.21983 "'.21387 •. 2084:2 4:.20298 ".19766 ".19216 ".18676 ".18137 "'.17600 ",.17064. ".16630 ",.16997 ",.IM66 ",.H9M ".Ht06 ".13877 ".13360 ",.12826 ",.12301 4:.11778 ".11266 ".10736 ",.10216
tan
'!-cotan
'.01078 '.00682 t.00086 3.99592 3.99099 3.98607 3.98117 3.97627 3.97139 3.96661 3.96166 3.96680 3.96196 3.94:713 3.9",232 3.93751 3.93271 3.92793 3.92316 3.91839 3.913M 3.90890 3.9Ot17 3.8994:6 3.89"74: 3.89O<K 3.88h36
t.n
.26795 . 26826 . 26857 .26888 . 26920 .26951 . 26982 .27013 . 27(M", .27076 . 27107 .27138 . 27169 .27201 .27232 .27263 . 2729"' .27326 .27357 .27388 . 27"'19 .27.61 .274:82 .27613 .27.5",6 .27676 .27607 .27638 .27670 .27701 .27732 . 277M .27796 .27826 .27868 .27889 . 27920 .27962 .27983 .28016 .2 .... .28077 . 28109 .281",0 :-28172 .28203 .2823", . 28266 .28297 .28329 .28360
10' cotan 3.73206 3.72771 3.72338 3.71907 3.71'76 3.710",6 3.70616 3.70188 3.69761 3.69335 3.68909 3.684.86 3.68061 3.67638 3.67217 3.66796 3.66376 3.659.57 3.66638 3.6.5121 3.6t705 3.64289 3.63874: 3.63"'61 3.630t8 3.62638 3.62224: 3.6181"' 3.6ltM 3.60996 3.60588 3.60181 3.69776 3.69370 3.68966 3.68562 3.68160 3.67768 3.67367 3.66967 3.66667 3.66169 3.66761 3.663&& 3.M968 3.M673 3.6"'179 3.6.'i786 3.63393 3.63001 3.62609 3.62219 3.61829 3.61"1 3.61063 3 .soeee 3.60279 3. ",989t 3.4:9509 3."9126 3.",8741
• g
I.
1 2 3
.21256 .21286 .21316 .213'7 .21377 .214:08 .21t38 .21"'69 .21",99 .21629 .21660 .21~90 .21621 .21661 .21682 .21712 .2174:3 .21773 .218Ot .2183", .218M . 21891S .2192b .21956 .21986 .22017 .22Of7 .22078 .22108 .22139 .22189 .22200 .22231 .22261 .22292 .22322 .22363 .22"H .22'"' .22416
.23087 .23117 . 231f8 .23179 .23209 .232'0 .23271 .23301 .23332 .23363 .23393 . 23t2"' .234.65 .234:85 .23616 .23.5",7 .23678 .23608 .23639 .23670 .23700 .23731 .23762 .23793 .23823 . 238M .23885 .23916 .2394.6 .23977 .2 .... .2t039 .2 .... .2"100 . 24:131 .2"162 .2"193 .2t223 .2t2M .2t286 .24316 . 2f8f7 .2"377 ,2 .... .2«39 .2«70 .24:601 .2tM2 .24:662 .24:603 .2t824:
.2t933 .2'96' .2'995 .25026 .250.56 .26087 .2.5118 . 26lt9 .26180 .26211 .262"'2 .26273 . 253(M .25336 .26366 .25397 .2M28 .2M69 .26"'90 .26621 .26662 .20683 .2&6lt .266"6 .26676 .26707 .26738 .26789 .26800 .26831 .26862 .,,26893 .26924: .26966 .26986 .26017 .26Ot8 .26079 .26110 .261",1 . 26172 .26203 .26236 .26266 .26297 .26328 .26369 .26390 .2M21 .2M62 .2&&83 .26616 .26M6 .26677 .26608 .26639 .26670 .26701 .26733 . 267M .20796
.. .. •• .. .,
eo
'7 .2
tan
11
cctaa 3.t87U 3.t83.59 3.t7977 3.t7696 3.",7216 3."'6837 3."",68 3.t60SO 3."'6703 3."'6327 3.«96J 3.«676 3.«202 3.4:3829 3.4:3"66 3.",3084: 3.4:2713 3.4:23t3 3 .• 1973 3.tl604: 3."'1236 3.40869 3.40602 3.to136 3.39771 3.39406 3.39CM2 3.38679 3.38317 3.37966 3.3769t 3.3723", 3.36876 3.3H16 3.38168 3.36800 3.3M"3 3.36087 3.3"732 3.3"377 3.3.a23 3.33670 3.33317 3.329H 3.3261" 3.322M 3.3191" 3.31666 3.31216 3.30868 3.30621 3.3017" 3.29829 3.29483 3.29139 3.28796 3.284:62 3.28109 3.27767 3.27",26 3.27086
tan
I'
cotan 3.27086 3.2674:6 3.26",06 3.26067 3.26729 3.26392 3.26066 3.2t719 3.2",383 3.2tot9 3.2371", 3.23381 3. 23Of8 3.22716 3.22384: 3.22063 3.21722 3.21392 3.21063 3.2073"' 3.20t06 3.20079 3.19i~ 3.1942 3.19100 3.18776 3.184:61 3.18127 J.17804 3. 17.f81 3.17169 3.16838 3.16617 3.16197 3.16877 3.U668 3.162"'0 3.1",922 3.1t606 3.14:288 3.13972 3. 136M 3.133"'1 3.13027 3.12713 3 12tOO 3.12087 3.11776 3.11tM 3.11163 3.1084:2 3.10632 3.10223 3.0091"' 3._ 3.09298 3.08991 3.08886 3.08379 3.0S073 3.07768
tan
1.
cotan 3.07768 3.07"", 3.07160 3.06867 3.06.5.5", 3.06262 3. ()6960 3.066",9 3.063"9 3.0MH9 3.0474:9 3.04"'60 3.04162 3.038M 3.03666 3.03260 3.02963 3.02667 3.02372 3.02077 3.01783 3.014:89 3.01196 3.00903 3.00611 3.00319 3.00028 2.99738 2.994.",7 2.99158 2.98868 2.98&80 2.98292 2.Y8OOt 2.97717 2.974:30 2.971« 2 ...... 2.96673 2.96288 2 ...... 2.96721 2.9M37 2.961M 2.94.872 2.9t690 2.94.309 2.94.028 2.937",8 2.934:68 2.93189 2.92910 2.92632 2.923M 2.92076 2.91799 2.91623 2.912"'6 2.90971 2 ...... 2.90f21
tan
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ss
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3.86208 3.8674:6 3.86284 3.8482" 3.843M 3.83906 3.83«~ 3.82992 3.82637 3.81630 3.81177 3.80726 3.80276 3.79827 3.79378 3.78931 3.784:86 3.78OtO 3.77696
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2.874:30 2.87161 2.86892 2.8662" 2.86366 2.86089 2.86822 . 36019 2.86666 .36062 2.86289 .360811 2.86023
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tan
cotan
74"
tan
73"
tan
72"
tan
71"
tan
70"
tan
- 84-
- 85-
20"
to. 0 1 2 3 36397 36430 .36463 36496 .36529 .36662 .36595 .36628 .36661 36694 .36727 .36760 .36793 .36826 .36859 .36892 .36925 .36968 .369iH .37024 .37057 .37090 .37124 .37157 .37190 .37223 .37256 .37289 .37322 .37355 .37388 .37422 .37466 .37488 .37521 .376M .37588 .37621 .376M .37687 .37720 . 377M . 37787 .37820 .37863 .37887 .37920 .37953 .37986 .38020 .38063 .38086 .38120 .38153 .38186 .38220 .38263 .38286 .38320 .38.153 .38386 cotan coten 2.74748 2.74499 2.742.51 2.74004 2.73766 2.73509 2.73263 2.73017 2.72711 2.12526 2.72281 2.72036 2.71792 2.71548 2.71305 2.71062 2.70819 2.70577 2.70335 2.70094 2.69853 2.69612 2.69371 2.69131 2.68892 2.68653 2.684-14 2.68175 2.67937 2.67700 2.67462 2.67225 2.66989 2.66752 2.66516 2.66281 2.66046 2.66811 2.64576 2.65342 2.66109 2.64875 2.64642 2.64410 2.64177 2.63946 2.63714 2.63483 2.63252 2.63021 2.62791 2.62561 2.62332 2.62103 2.61874 2.61646 2.61418 2.61190 2.60963 2.60736 2.60600 tan
21"
tan 38386 38420 .38453 38481 38520 .38553 38587 38620 386M .38687 .38721 .38754 .38787 .38821 .38854 .38888 .38921 .38955 .38988 .39022 .39055 .39089 .39122 .39166 .39190 .39223 .39257 .39290 .39324 .39357 .39391 .39426 .39468 .39492 .29626 .39559 .39593 .39626 .39660 .39694 .39727 .39751 . 39i95 .39829 .39862 .39896 .39930 .39963 .39997 .40031 .40066 .40098 .40132 .40166 .40200 .40234 .40267 .40301 .40335 .40369 .40403 cotan I cotan 2.60509 2.60283 2.60057 2.59831 2.59606 2.59381 2.59156 2.58932 2.58108 2.58484 2.58261 2.58038 2.57815 2.57593 2.57371 2.57150 ~".2. 66707 2.56487 2.66266 ~.66046 2 56827 2.55608 2.55389 2.,55170 2.54952 2.54734 2.M516 2.M299 2.M082 2.53865 2.53648 2.53432 2.53217 2.53001 2.62786 2.52571 2.52357 2.52142 2..61929 2.61716 2.51502 2.61289 2.51076 2.50864 2.50652 2.60440 2.50229 2.50018 2.49807 2.49597 2.49386 2.49177 2.48967 2.48758 2.48M9 2.48340 2.48132 2.47924 2.47716 2.47609 tan
22°
tan .• 0403 .40436 .40470 .40504 .40538 .40572 40606 .40640 .40674 .40707 .40741 .40715 .40809 .40843 .40877 .40911 .40945 .40979 .41013 .4HK7 .41081 .41ll5 .41149 .41183 .41217 .41251 .41285 41319 .41353 .41387 .41421 .41445 .41490 .41524 .41558 ..(1692 .41626 .41660 .41694 .41728 .4:1763 .4:1797 .41831 .4:1865 .41899 .41933 .4:1968 .42002 .42036 .42070 .42105 .4:2139 .4:2173 .42207 .42242 .42276 .42310 .42346 .42379 .42413 .42447 cotan cotan 2.47509 2.47302 2.47095 2.46888 2.46682 2.46476 2.46270 2.46065 2.45860 2.4565.5 2.45451 2.45246 2.45043 2.4.4839 2.44636 2 .• 4433 2.44230 2.44027 2.43825 2.43623 2.43422 2.43220 2.43019 2.42819 2.42618 2.42418 2.42218 2.42019 2.41819 2.41620 2.41421 2.41223 2.41025 2.40827 2.40629 2.404:32 2.40235 2.40038 2.3984-1 2.39646 2.394:49 2.39253 2.39068 2.38862 2.38668 2.384-73 2.38279 2.380842.37891 2.37697 2.37604 2.37311 2.37118 2.36925 2.36733 2.366041 2.36349 2.36168 2.36967 2.36776 2.366&b to.
zo
ton .42 .. 7 .42482 .42516 .42551 .42585 42619 .42654 .42688 .42722 42757 .42791 .42826 .42860 .42894 .42929 .42963 .42998 .43032 .43067 .43101 .43136 .43170 .43205 .43239 .43274 .43308 .43343 .43378 .43412 .43447 .43481 .43516 .43450 .43585 .43620 .436604 .43689 .43724 .43758 .43793 .43828 .43862 .43897 .43932 ..43966 .44001 .44036 .4:4071 .44105 .44:140 .44:175 .«210 .44244 .44279 .44314 .44349 .44384 .44418 .44463 .44488 .44623 cotan
eotan 2.35585 2.35395 2.3l!205 2.35015 2.34825 2.34636 2,344:47 2.34258 2.34069 2.33881 2.33693 2.335Oh 2.33317 2.33130 2.32~43 2.32756 2.32570 2.32383 2.32197 2.32012 2.31826 2.31641 2.31456 2.31271 2.31086 2.30902 2.30718 2.30534 2.30351 2.30167 2.299842.29801 2.29619 2.29437 2.29254 2.29073 2.28891 2.28710 2.28528 2.28348 2.28167 2.27987 2.27806 2.27626 2.27447 2.27267 2.27088 2.26909 2.26730 2.26552 2.26374 2.26196 2.26018 2.2684-0 2.2S663 2.2M86 2.26309 2.26132 2.24966 2.24780 2.24604 tao
tan ~.
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25'
cotan 2.1«61 2.14288 2.14126 2.13963 2.13801 2.13639 2.13477 2.13316 2.13164 2.12993 2.12832 2.12671 2.12611 2.12360 2.12190 2.12030 2.11871 2.11711 2.11652 2.11392 2.11233 2.11076 2.10916 2.10768 2.10600 2.10442 2.102842.10126 2.00069 2.09811 2.09664. 2.09498 2.091141 2.09184 2.09028 2.08872 2.08716 2.08560 2.084-05 2.08260 2.08094 2.07939 2.0778:1 2.07630 2.07476 2.07321 2.07167 2.07014 2.06860 2.06706 2.06653 2.06400 2.06247 2.06094 2.05942 2.06790 2.06637 2.06485 2.06333 2.06182 2.05030
tan
:l~' cotan
... .....
.30963 .40989 .51026 .61063 .61099 .61136 .61173 .51209 .51246 .51283 .61319 .51366 .51393 .51430 .61467 .51503 .51640 .61677 .61614 .61651 .61688 .51724 .61761 .61798 .51836 .51872 .51909 .6194~ .51983 .52020 .52067 .52094 .62131 .62168 .62205 .52242 .62279 .62316 .62353 .62390 .62427 .624&6 .62601 .62538 .62675 .52613 .52660 .62687 .62724 .62761 .52798 .52836 .52873 .52910 .52947 .52984 .63022 .63059 .63096 .63134 .53171 cotan 1.90261 1.96120 1.96979 1.96838 1.95698 1.96167 1.964.17 1.96277 1.96137 1.94997 1.94&8 1.94718 1.94679 1.94"0 1.94301 1.94162 1.94023 1.93886 1.93746 1.93608 1.93470
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2.24604 2.24428 2.24262 2.24077 2.23902 2.23r27 2.23553 2.23378 2.23204 2.23030 2.22M7 2.22683 2.22510 2.22337 2.22164 2.21992 2.21819 2.21647 2.21476 2.21304 2.21132 2.20961 2.20790 2.20619 2.20449 2.20278 2.20108 2.19938 2.19769 2.19699 2.19430 2.19261 2.19092 2.18923 2.18765 2.18687 2.184-19 2.18251 2.180842.17916 2.17749 2.17&82 2.17416 2.!724U
.48773 .• 8809 .4884:6 .48881 .48917 .48953 .48989 .49026 .49062 .49098 .49134 .49170 .49206 .49242 .49278 .49315 .49361 .49387 .49423 .49469 .49496 .49532 .49668 .49604 .49640 .49677 .49713 .49749 .49786 .49822 .49858 .49894 .49931 .49967 .6000'
2.05030 2.04:879 2.04728 2.04577 2.04426 2.04276 2.04:126 2.03976 2.03826 2.03676 2.03626 2.03376 2.03227 2.03078 2.02929 2.02780 2.02631 2.02483 2.02335 2.02187 2.02039 2.01891 2.01743 2.01596 2.01449 2.01302 2.01155 2.01008 2.00862 2.00715 2.00669 2.00423 2.00277 2.00131 1.99986
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tan
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seno
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seno
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• •
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.01746 .01774 .01803 .01832 .01862. .01891 .01920 .01949 .01978 . 02007 .02036 .02065 02094 .02123 .02152 .02181 .02211 .02240 .02269 .02298 .02327 .02366 .02386 .02414 .02443 024:72 .02501 .025a0 .02660 .02689 .02618 .02647 .02676 .02706 . 02734 .02763 .02792 .02821 .02850 .02879 .02908 . 02938 .02967 .02996 .0302.5 .03054 .03083 .03112 .03141 .03170 03199 .03228 .03257 .03286 03316 03345 03374: .03403 .03432 03461 .03490
60
68 .7
......
.99979 .99978 .99977 99977 99976 .99976 .99975 .99974 .99974 .9J973 .99972 .99972 .99971 . 99970 .99969 .99969 .99968 .99967 .99966 .99966 .99965 .99964 .99963 .99963 . 99962 .99961 .99960 .99969 .99959 .99958 .99957 .99956 .99956 .999M .99953 .99952 .99952 .99951 .99950 .99949 99948 99947 .99946 .99945 .99944 .99943 .99942 .99941 .99940 .99939
.. ..
se
M
sa
.2
r.oozvi
• •
11 12 13 I.
,.
I• 17 18
20 eotan
,.
eotan
45'
45'
tan
45'
tan
.. .. .. ..
47 42 41 3• 38 37 3• 33 32 31 30 29 2' 27 2• 2' 22 21 20
., so •• •• •• ••
Senos
sene
0 1 2 .00000 .00029 .00058 .00087 . 00116 .00145 .00176 .00204 .00233 .00262 .00291 .00320 .00349 .00378
y Cosenos 0
cosena
.99998 . 99998 .99998 .99998 .99997 .9991)7 .99997 .99997 .99996 .99996 .99996 .99996 .99995 .99905 .99995 .99995 .99994 . 99994 . 99994 .99993
U~cosene
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
sene 00611 00640 .00669 oo6U8 .00727 .00756 .00785 .00814 .00844 .00873 .00902 .00931 .00960 .00989 .01018 . 01047 .01076 .01105 .01134 .01164
seno
coseno
.99993 .99993 .99992 . 99992 .99991 .99991 .99991 .99990 .99990 .99989 .99989 . 999R9 .99988 .99988 .99987 .99987 .99986 .99986 .99985 .99986
• • e
7 8 10
22 601" 23 59 58 57
3•
,.
16 20
11 12 13
,.
17 18
ie
...... !~Il~
48 31 32 33 45 44 43 42
24 se 25 ss 26 27 M 63 2. • 2 2• 30
., so ••
35 45 3' 33 .7 32 .8 31 30 50 2•
~~ 11
,.141 .2 g~1:~
•• •• .,
or
.0 5"
.01193 .01222 .01251 .01280 01309 .01338 .01367 .01396 .01425 .01454 .01483 .01513 .01542 .01571 .01600 .01629 .01658 .01687 .01716 .01745
,. ,.
.. ., •• .. ••
42
:6~
40
36 37 38 39
2• 23 22 21 20
~~!I ~~
ss
~5
• s
7
•• •• •• so
47 '1
.- .
2<
.99G66
•• ,
18 17 I•
.;~~a
.996tU .99669 .99667 .99654 .99662 99649 99647 .99642 .99639 99637
.,. ,.
13 12 11 10 8 7
e s
••
•
3 2 1 0
'2
1>3
.. ••
se .7 ss
.0
......
coseno
••
.99876 9<)875 99873 .998i2 .99870 .99869 .99867 .99866 .99864 .99863
.06714 .06743 06773 06802 06831 .06860 06889 06918 06947 .06976
.....
seno
3 2 1 0
• • •
cosena
89'
seno
89'
sene
coseno
89'
sene
ccsenc
87'
sene
ceseno
88'
coseno
85'
-92-
93-
-;:: 8:0;~n~
99027 60 99~00213g !98 . " 0 1 2 3 4 7 8 9 10 sene .16643 .15672 .16701 .16730 .15758 .16787 .1~16 .16846 .16873 .15902 .15931 .16969 .16988 .16017 .16046 .16074 .16103 .16132 .16160 .16189 .16218 .16246 .16275 .16304 .16333 .16361 .16390 .16419 .16447 .16476 .16505 .16533 .16562 .16591 .16620 .16648 . 16677 .16706 .16734 .16763 .16792 .16820 .16849 .16878 .16906 .16935 .16964 .16992 .17021 17050 .17078 17107 17136 .17164 17193 .17222 .17250 .17279 17308 17336 .17365
coseno
.98769 .98764 .98760 .98765 .98751 .98746 .98141 .98737 .98732 .98728 .98723 .98718 .98714 .98709 .98704: .98700 .98695 .98690 .98686 .98681 .98676 .98671 .98667 .98662 .98657 .98652 .98648 .98643 .98638 .98633 .98629 .98624 .98619 .98614 .98609 .98604 .98600 .98595 .98590 .98585 .98580 .98576 .98570 .98565 .98561 .98566 .98551 .98546 .98541 .98536 .98531 .98526 .98521 .98516 98511 .98506 .98501 .98496 .98491 .98486 .98481
10'
sene .17366 .17393 .17422 .17461 .17419 .17508 .17637 .17665 .17694 .17623 .17651 .. 17680 . 17708 .17737 .17166 .17794 .17823 .178112 .17880 .17909 .17937 .17966 .17995 .18023 .18052 .18081 .18109 .18138 .18166 .. 18196 .18224 .18262 .18281 .18309 .18338 .18367 .18395 .18424 .18452 .18481 .18509 .18538 .18587 .18595 .18624 . i8652 .18681 .18710 .18738 .18767 .18796 .1882. .18852 .18881 .18910 .18938 .18967 .18996 .19024 .19052 .19081
coseno
.98481 .98476 .98471 .98466 .98461 .98466 .98460 .984.6 .98440 .98436 .98430 .98426 .98420 .98414 .9M09 .98404: .98399 .98394 .98389 .98383 .98378 .98373 .98368 .913362 .98367 .98352 .98347 .98341 .98336 .98331 .98325 .98320 .98315 .98310 .98304 .98299 .98294 .98288 .98283 .98277 .98272 .98267 .98261 .98266 .98250 .98245 .98240 .98234 .98229 .98223 .98218 .98212 .98207 .98201 .98196 .98190 .98186 .98179 .98174 .98168 .98163
11
sene .19081 .19109 .19138 .19167 .19195 .19224 .19262 .19281 .19309 .19338 .19366 .19396 .19.23 .19452 .19481 .19609 .19538 .19666 .19596 .19623 .19652 .19680 .19709 .19737 .19766 .19794 .19823 .19851 .19880 .19908 .19937 .19966 .19994 .20022 .20051 .20079 . 20108 .20136 .20165 .20193 .20222 .202M .20279 .20307 .20336 . 203M .20393 .20421 .20450 .20478 .20607 .20636 .20563 .20592 .20620 .2OM9 .20677 .20706 .20734 .20763 .20791
coseno
.98163 .98151 .98162 .98146 .98140 .98136 .98129 .98124 .98118 .98112 .98107 .98101 ,9_ .98090 . 980M .98079 .98073 .98067 .98061 .98066 . 98060 ,98Of' .98039 .98033 .98027 .98021 .98016 .98010 ,98004 .97997 .97\)92 .97987 .97981 .97976 .97969 .97963 .97968 .97952 .979.6 .979.0 .97934 .97928 .97922 .97916 .97910 .97906 .97899 .97893 .97887 .97881 .97876 .97869 .97863 .97857 .97851 .97845 .97839 .97833 .97827 .97821 .97815 sene
sene
.20791 ,20820 .20848 .20877 .20906 .20933 .20962 ,20990 .21019 .21047 .21016 .21104. .21132 .21161 .21189 .21218 .21246 .21275 .21303 .21331 .21360 . .21388 .21417 .21446 .21474 .21M2 .21630 .21669 .21687 .21616 .21644. .21672 .21701 .21729 .21768 .21786 .2181 • .21843 .21871 .21899 .21928 .21966 .21985 .22013 .22041 .22070 .22098 .22126 .22156 .22183 .22212 .222.0 .22268 .22297 .22326 .22363 .22382 .22410 .22438 .22467 .22.96
coseno
,b781' .97809 .97803 .97797 .977el .97784 .97778 .97772 .97766 .97760 .. 97764 .97748 .97742 .97736 .97729 .97723 .97717 .97711 .97706 .97698 .97692 . 97G88 .97680 .97673 .97667 .97861 . 97666 .976.8 .97642 .97636 .97630 .97623 .97617 .97611 .97604 .97698 .97692 .97685 .97679 .\17673 .97666 . 97660 .97663 .9764.7 . 9764.1 . 97634 .97628 .97621 .97616 .97508 .97502 :97496 .97t89 .97483 .9H76 .9H70 .97463 .97467 .97460 .974« .97437 sene
.087451.996171
',9\1619
~ :g~b
.99614 9~)612!
!!1·12216
60 '7
~.:gg~~~g ~ ~ i
.99006 55 .99002 54 .98\:198 53 9899452 :9988~9086 !01 -" "
Hn,'i96II
5 16 17 18 19 o
:g~~~~ II .lg~~b:~g::~ .l~~~1.~~~tr.t:~~~ :~ .gg~~~ ~ .~TIi :~~~~~ II.:3~;~ :g~!A~ 'l~~~f 3~}g~ ~U~~.g~g~~ !~
I .
101326 .994:101 IOf)5;i ,9~)431 .12:>89 10684,90428 12418 10113 ",fHI424 \ 12447 ,10742 'J1I421 12476
• •
.. ..
68
63 .2 '1
..
so
.8 f7
.99580 I IOSS7 .99578! 10916 .9g575 1.10045 .90572 I097:{ .09570 lI002 .99567 11031 99564 99562 .99559 99556 .99553 .9g551 .9\l.'i48 .99540
.99406 \ 12620 .9~)402 .12649 .9939\:1 12678 .9\)396 .1~70~ 91l3f13 .127:15 993\:10 12764
'II
45 44 43 42 41 40
11 12 13 If 16 IS 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2. 2S 27 28 2. 30 31 32 33
•• •• ••
.3 f2 41 fa
..
11060 .90386 12793 11089.9\.1383 12822 11118 .99380 12851 .11147 ':19377 .1::!880 .11176 993741.12908 .11205 ~9370 .12':.137 .11234 \)\)367\12966
.mu78 14521 99175.14651 99171 14580 .99167 14608 .\1':1163 14637 \)9160 .14666 99156 .14695
39 37 36 35 34 33
3•
38 37 3S 3' 3• 33 32 31 30
g~ :~~ll :~U~~ Ilmg ~~m\1.~:~g~:~~m ·~g~~t '~~~1} ~~ g~ :~n~ 'g~~~~ '~g~i~ ·g~l~~ :g~g ~~ :1H~1 :lH1~ .~~~i:~~~~} ~~
~~ :g~~l~' :~~~~~ :n~~ :~ri11} :g~~~:~~g~
.09787 .99520 .11523 .91l:;34 .1:1254 9H118 40 .1 42 .09874 .99511 .11609 .993~41.13341 .993.W 99317 .99106
i .
1'~:~~1
il "
,.
35 3S 37 38 39 .0 f1 42 43
Il1!004S~
21 20 19
29 28 27 2S 2• 24 23 22 21 20 1• 18 17 1• 1•
n :~Jyg'g~~~~.1 :H~~~
46 .10048 99494 .50 .10164 .9D48J
.09903 .09932
.99508 .99506
.1163.'1 .11G67
.13370 .13:199
:~~~~~1'1
.')~:L90
~~~g~ I .13514
~~g~:~~t~ l~
••
45 4. f7 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 5. 57 58 60
1
.1181:18
.99067
"
13 12 11 10 9 8 7
.15356
.988l4
10
~~ .~g~~~~5!~~ 'll5?~ ~~~~~ ~1~~~ §~g~~~~~1.~~~~ ~ . ~ :~g~~g.~~:~~ : g~~~g~g~:t!n~ .~gg~f :~~:~t ~g ~ I ~ l?,igg :~~~~} ~ ~ :t18iU :U:~!:Hl~ U!~bI ~gg~~ :ij~ng i g~
'I
.55
.10308
.99467
.12043
99:!72
00
:10424 .10453
.99456 .99462
.12158 .12187
.99258 .992.55
~!~!~ .
.137i3 .13889 .13917
.99047
99031 99027
.98782
3 0
• •
3 2 1 0
ss
98769
--+--1-cosenc
840
sene
coseno
83°
-seno
coseno!
82°
sene
cosenc
81e
sene
coseno
j seno 80°
cosenc
79°
sene
coseno
78°
coseno
77°
94-
95-
sen:r
0 1 2 3 224.9b .22623 . 22M2 .22680 .22608 .22637 .22666 .22693 .22722 .22750 .22778 .22807 .22836 .22863 .22892 .22920 .22948 .22977 .23005 .23033 . 23062 .23090 .23118 .23146 .23176 . 23203 .23231 .23260 .23288 .23316 .23346 .23373 .23401 .23429 .234.68 .23486 .23514 .23642 .23611 .23599 .23627 .23666 .23684 .23712 .23740 .23769 .23797 .23826 .23863 .23882 .23910 .23938 .23966 .23996 .24023 .24051 .24079 .24108 .24136 .241M .24192
eesenc
.97437 97430 .97424 .97417 .97411 ..97404 .97398 .97391 .97384 .97378 .97371 .97365 . 973M .97361 .97345 .97338 .97331 .97326 .97318 .97311 .97304 .97298 .97291 .972M .97278 .97271 .97264 .97257 .97251 .97244 .97237 .97230 .97223 .97217 .07210 .97203 .97196 .97189 .97182 .97176 .97169 ,97162 .97165 .97148 .97141 .97134 .97127 .97120 .97113 .97106 .97100 .97093 .97086 .97079 .97072 .97066 .97058 .97061 .97044 .97037 .97030 sene
seno
14
ceseno
.97030 9702.'3 .97015 .97008 .97001 .96994 .00987 .96980 .00973 .96966 .96969 .96952 .96945 .96937 .96930 .96923 .96916 .... 00 .96902 .96887
seno
15
coseno
.96593 .96685 .D6678 .96570 .96562 . 96M6 .96647 .966400 .96532 .96524 .96517 .00500 .96502 .96494 .9M86 .96479 .96471 .96463 .96466 .96448 .96440 .96433 .96426 .9&&17 .96410 .96402 .9&394 .96.186 .96379 .96371 .96363 .96355 .96347 .96340 .96332 .96324 .96316 .96308 .96301 .96293 .96285 .96277 .96269 .96261 .96243 .96246 .96238 .96230 .00222 .96214 .96206 .96198 .96190 .96182 .96174 .96166 .96158 .96150 .96142 .96134 .96126' sene
seno Ij ccsenc
.27564 .27692 .27620 .27M8 .27676 .27704 .27731 .27769 .27787 .27815 .27843 .96126 .96118 .86110 .96102
sene
60
1 coseno
.95630 .95622 95613 .95605 .96596 96588 .95579 .96571 .96562 .96554 .956405 .96636 .96628 .96519 .95511 .95602 .95493 .95485 .95476 .95467 .95459 .95450 .95441 .964033 .95424 .95416 .95407 .95398 .95389 .05380 .96372 .96363 .95364 .94345 .94337 .96328 .95319 .96310 .94301 .95293 .96284 .95276 .95266 .96267 .96248 .96240 96231 .96222 .95213 .95204 .95195 .95186 .95177 .95168 .96159 .95150 .96142 .95133 .95124 .95115 .95106
sene
.30902 .30929 30957 .30985 31012 .31040 .31068 .31096 .31123 31151 .31178 .31206 .31233 .31261 .31289 .31316 .31344 .31372 .31399 .31427 .31454 .31482 .31510 .31537 .31565 .31593 .31620 . 31ij48 .31675 .31703 .31730 .31768 .31786 .31813 .31841 .31868 .31896 .31923 .31951 .31979 .32006 .32034 .32061 .32089 .32116 32144 .32171 .32199 .32227 .32254 .32282 32309 .32337 .32364 .32392 .32419 .32447 .32474 .32502 .32529 .32557
1M' coseno
95106 .950117 95088 95079 95070 .95061 .95052 .1:i5043 .1)5033 .95024 .95015
! I,
seno
.32557 .32584 .32612 .32639 .32667 .32694 .327~ 32749 .32777 .32804 .32832
19
coseno
. 94M:! .94542 .94533 . 945~3 .94514 .94504 .94495 .94485 .94476 .94466 .94457 .94447 .94438 94428 .94418 .94409 .94399 .94390 .94380 .94370 .94361 .943{1.1 .94342 94332 .94322 .94313 .94303 .94293 .94284 .94274 .94264 .94254 .94245 94235 .94225 .94216 94206 .94196 .94186 .94176 .94167 .94157 .94147 .94137 .94127 94118
sene 20~oseno
.34202 34129 .34257 34284 .34311 .34339 34366 34393 34421 .34448 .34475 . 34M3 34530 34fi57 .34584 34612 34639 .34666 34694 .34721 .34748 34775 3.803 34830 .34857 3.... .34912 .34939 .34966 .34993 .36021 .35048 .35075 .35102 .35130 35157 35184 .35211 .36239 .35266 .35293 .36320 .36347 .36375 35402 35429 35456 .35484 36511 35M8 35565 .35619 .3 ••• 21 .35647 36674 .35701 35728 35755 :357·'1 35810 .35837 .93969 93959 .93949 9a939 93929 .93919 93900 93899 93889 .93879 .93869 .93859 .93849 .93839 .93829 .93819 93800 93799 .93789 .93779 .93769 .93769 93748 .9,3738 .93728 .93718 93708 .93677 .93667 60
10
• • • •
6 7
.24Hl2 .24220 .24249 .24277 .24305 .24333 .24362 .24390 .24418 .24446 .24474 .24.503 24531 . 24659 . 24M7 .24615 .24644 .24672 .24700 .24728 .24756 .24784 .24813 .2i841 .24869 .24897 .24926 . 249M .24982 .25010 .25038 .26066 .25094 .25122 .26151 .25179 .26207 .25236 .26263 .25291 .26320 .26348 .24376 .26<0< .2.5432 .25460 .26488 .26616 .25646 .26673 .26601 .2l'629 . 25t.:57 .25685 .25713 .26741 .26769 .26798 .25826 .25854 .26882
.25882 .25910 .25938 .25006 .25994 .26022 .26050 .26079 .26107 .26136 .261&3 .26191 .26219 .262(7 .26275 .26303 .2&331
.- ....
••
OS .7 50 50 63 .96086 . 96078 .96070 . ...,.2 .96054 .96946 .1 60 .96013 . 0000& . 95997 . 96989 . 95981 .95972 .96964 .96966 .95948 .96940 .95931 .96923 .96916 .96907 .9M198 . 9r,sg0 .96882 .95874 .95865 .968&7 .95849 .95841 . 96832 .96824 .96816 . 96807 .96799 .96791 . 96782 .96774 .96766 .95757 .95749 .9::740 .96732 .95724 .96715 .96707 .95698 .95690 .95681 .95673 .96664 .96656 .96647 .95639 .95630 sene
0 1 2 3 6 7 8
• • •
11 12 13 1. 1. 17 1. 1. 20
96037 :~~~~~ . ...96021 96029 .27927 . 279M .27983 .28011 .28039 . 28067 .28096 .28123
"
21 22 23
......
.96880 .96873 .96866 .96868 .96851 .96844 .96837 .96829 .96822 .96815 .96807 .s 6800 .96793 .96786 .96778 .96771 .96764 .96756 .9674.9 .96742 .96734 .96727 .96719 .96712 .96706 .96697 .• 6690 .96682 .96675 .96667 .96660 .96653 .96645 .96638 .96630 .96623 .96616 .96608 .96600 .96593 sene
:~~
•• ., •• •• •• ••
U <0 3. 3. 37 3• 3.
10
.29237 .29265 29293 29321 29348 .29376 .29404 .29432 .29460 .29487 .29615 .29543 .29571 .29599 .29626 .29654 .29682 .29710 .29737 .29766 .29793 .29821 .29849 .29876 .29904 .29932 .29960 .29981 .30016 .30043 .30071 .30098 .30126 .30164 .30182 .30209 .30237 .30265 .30292 .30320 .30348 .30376 .30403 .30431 .30469 .30486 .30514 .30542 .30670 .30597 .30626 .30663 .30680 .30708 .30736 .30763 30791 .30819 .30846 .30874 I .30902
•• •• ••
OS 57 53 .2 51 '0 47
..
.26415 .26443 .26471 .26500 .26628 . 266M .26684 .26612 .26640 .26668 .26696 .26724 .26752 .26780 .26808 .26836 .26864 .26892 .26920 .26948 .26976 .27004 .27032 .27060 .27088 .27116 .27144 .27172 .27200 .27228 .27256 .27284 .27312 .27340 .27368 .27396 .27424 .27452 .27480 .27508 .27536 .27664
,.
2. 2. 27 2. 2. 30 31 32 33
.28150 .28178 .28206 . 28234 . 28262 .28290 .28318 .28346 .28374 .28402 :28429 . 28457 .2848& .28613 .28641 . 2S569 .28597 . 2862b .28652 .28680 .28708 .28736 .287.64. .28792 .28820 .28847 .28876 .28903 .28931 .28959 .28987 .29016 .29ot2 .29070 .29098 .29126 .29154 .29182 .29209 .29237
.. ..
33 32 31 30 28 27 2.
11 12 13
.s 6006
.94997 .94988 .94979 .94970 94961 .94952 .94943 94933 .94924
15 16 17 1• 19 '0 21 22 .3
"
.32859 32887 .32914 . .32942 .32969 .32997 .33024 .33051 .33079 ,33106 .33134 .33161 .33189 33216 .33244 .33271 .33298 .33326 33343 .33381 33408 .33436 .33463 33490 .33518 .33545 .33573 .33600 33627 .33665 .33682 .33710 .33737 .33764 33792 .33819 33846 .33874 33901 .33929 .33956 .33983 .34011 34038 34065 .34093 34120 34147 34175 .34202
•• •• •• •• ••
<0 3• 38 37 3• 3•
.. .. "
•• ,.
2• 1. 1• 17 1• 15
••• •
26 27
..
3. 3. 37 3. 3. .0 U
..
23 22 21 20
••
30 31 3• 33 3• 3• 37 38 3• .0
,. ..
1. 1. 17 16 lb
.. ..
.6 47 .8
.94915 .94906 94897 .94888 .94878 .94869 .94860 .94851 .94842 .94832 .94823 .94814 .94806 .94795 .94786 .94777 .94768 .94758 .94749 .94740 .94730 94721 .94712 .94702 .94693 .9.68., .946H .94665 .94656 .94646 .94637 .94627 94618 94609 94599 .94590 94580 94571 94561 94562
:g~:~~ n
I
..
31 30 29 2. 27 23 22 21 '0
.. ••
.6 60 .1 63
•• .,
•• •• •• ••
"
13 12 11 10
" •• .. ••
93657 .93647 93637 .93626 93616 .93606 .93596 .93586 .93576 .93665 .93555 .93544 .93634 93524 .93514 93503 .93493 .93483 .93472 .93462 .93462 .93441 93431 93420 .93410 93400 93389 .93379 .93368 .93358
..
50 57 OS .9 60
• • • • •
7 6 3 1 0
•• .,
51
.. ••
53 50 57 .8 .9 60
60
~t~~
"
13 12 11 10
coseno
76'
coseno 75'
eoseno 74'
ccsenc
73'
,I
.94058 .94049 .94039 .94029 .94019 .94009 .93999 .93989 .113979 .93969
• • • • •
7 3 2 1 0
coseno
71'
seno
ccsenc
70'
sene
96-
97-
21
sene 0 I 2 3 .35837 . 35864.35891 .35\.118 35f145 .3.'1973 .3tiOOO .36027 .36054 .36081 .36108 36135 .36162 .36190 ,36217 .36244 .36271 . 36298 .3632.5 .36352 .36379 .36406 .36434 .36461 .36488 .36515 .36M2 36509 . 36,r;96 36613 .36660 .36677 .36704 .36731 36768 . 3678b .36812 .36839 36867 36894 .36921 36948 . 36975 . 37002 37029 37056 37083 .37110 ..17137 37164 .37191 .37218 .37245 .37272 37299 37326 .37363 .37380 .37407 37434 37461
coseno
.93358 .93348 . 933~{7 .93327 .9.1~16 .U3306 .93295 9:l285 .93274 .93264 .93253 .93243 .93232 .9:)222 .93211 .93201 .93190 .93180 9,'U69 .93159 .93148 .93137 .93127 .93116 93106
seno
37461 37488 .37515 .37542 :17.'569 .37695 .37622 .37649 .37676 ,37703 .31130 . 31751 ,31784 .37811 .37838 .37865 .37892 37919 31946 .31973 .37999 .38026 .38053 380S0 38107 .38134 .38161 .38188 38215 .38241 .:18268 38295 38322 38349 .38376 38403 38430 38466 .38483 .38510 .38531 .38564 .38591 38617 .38644 38671 38698 38725 38752 .38778 .38805 388.12 38859 38886 38912 3893\.1 38966 389(13 39020 .39046 .39073
22
coseno
92718 ,92707 926')7 U2686 .\):2675 92664
U26.'):)
sene
23
I cosenc I
.92050 .92039 .9:!O28 .92016
sene .40674 .40700 .40721 40753 .40780 .40806 .40833 .40860 .40886 .40913 .40939 .40966 .40992 .41019 .41045 .41012 .41098 41125 .41151 41178 .41204 .41231 .41251 .41284 .4J31O .41337 .41363 .41391) .41416 .41443 .41469 .41496 .41522 .41649 .41515 .41602 .41628 .41666 .41681 .41107 .41134 .41760 .41181 .41813 . 41840 . 41866 .41892 .41919 . 41945 .41972 .41998 .42024 .42061 .42077 .42104 . 42130 .42166 42183 .42209 .42235 .42262
24
cosenc
.91355 .91343 .91331 .913l!) .91307 .91295 .91283 .IHZ72 .91260 .IH248 .91236 .91224 .91212 .91200 ,91188 .91116 .91164 .91152 .91140 ,91128 .91116 .91104 .91092 .91080 .91068 .91056 .91044 .91032 91020 .91008 .90996 60 5. 58 57 66 54 53 52 51 60
seno
25
coseno
.90631 .906i8 .90606 .90591 .90582 .906G9 .90657 .90545 .90532 .90520 .90507 .90495 .90483 .90470 .90458 .90446 .90433 .90421 .90408 .90396 .90383 .....,90371 :90358 .90346 .90334 .90321 .903)9 .90296 .90284 .90271 .90259 .90246 .90233 .90221 .90208 .90196 .90183 .90111 .90158 .90146 .90133 .90120 .90108 .l'OO95 .90082 .90070 .90057 .90045 .90032 .90019 .90007 .89994 .89981 .89968 .89956 .89943 .89930 .89918 .89905 .89892 .89879 sene
0
sene .43837 .43863 43889 .43916 .43942 .43968 .43994 .44020 .44046 .44072 .44098 .44124 .44151 .44171 .44203 .44229 .44255 .44281 . 443D7 .44333 .44359 .44385 .44411 .44431 .44464 .44490 .44516 .44542 .44668 .44594 .44620 .44646 .44612 .44698 .44724 .44750 .44716 .44802 .44828 .44864 ... 880 .44906 .44932 .44958 .44984 .45010 .45036 .45062 .45088 .45114 .45140 .45166 .45192 .45218 .45243 .45269 .45295 .45321 .45347 .45373 .45399
,,6 cosenc
.89879 .89867 .89854 .898U .89828 .89816 .89833 .89790 .89777 .89764 .89152 .89739 .89726 .89713 .89100 .89687 .89674 .89662 .83649 .89636 .89623 .89610 .89597 .89584 .89571 89558 .89545 .89532 .89519 .89506 .89493 .89480 .89467 . 894M .89441 .89428 .89415 .89402 .89389 .83376 .89363 .89350 .89337 .89324 .89311 .89298 89285 .89272 .89259 . 89245 .89232 .89219 .89206 .81H93 .80180 .89167 .89153 .89140 .89127 .89tH .89101
I
j
seno
.45399 .45425 .45451 .45477 .45503 .45529 .45564 .45580 .45606 .46632 .45668 .45684 .45710 .45136 .45762 .45787 .46813 .45839 .45865 .45891 45917 .45942 .45968 .45994 .46020 .46046 .46072 .46097 .46123 .46149 .46175 .46201 .46226 .46252 .46218 .46304 .46330 .46355 .46381 .46407 .46433
coseno
.89101 .89087 .89014 .89061 .89048 .89035 .89021 .89008 .88995 .88981 .88968 .88955 .88942 .88928 .88915 .88902 .s8888 .88875 .88862 .88848 .8883' .88822 .88808 .88795 .88782 .88768 .88755 .88741 .88728 .88715 .88701 .88674 .88661 .88647 .88634 .88620 .88607 .88693 .88580 .88666
6 6 7
:g~~5g
.92598 92587 92576 92565 92554 92543 92532 92521 .92510 .92499 .92488 .92471 92466 92455 92444 92432 92~21 !):?41O 92399 92388 92377 .92366 92355 92343 .92332 fl23:.!1 92310 92299 92287 .9:.:!276 92266 .92264 .92243 .92231 922:,.10 .92209 92198 .92186 91175 .92164 .92152 .92141 .92130 .92119 .92107 .920'.16 .92085 .92073 .92062 .92050 sene
.92642 .92631
..
0 I 2 3 5 6 7
•
s
"
.39367 .39394 .39421 .39448 .39474 .39501 39528 .39555 .39581 .39608 .39635 .39661 .39688 397]5 .39741 .39768 .a9795 .39822 .39848 .39876 .39902 .39928 .39955 .39982 .40008 .40035 .40062 .40088 .40115 .40141 .40168 .40195 .40221 .40248 40275 40301 .40328 .40355 40381 .40408 .40434 .40461 .40488 .40514 .40541 40567 .40.594 . 40ft2! .40647 .40674
'7 '6 .5
•• ••
IO
42262 .42288 .42315 .42341 .42367 .42394 .42420 .42446 .42473 .42499 .42525 .425.52 .42578 .42604 .42631 .42657 .42683 .42709 .42136 .42162 .42788 .42815 .42841 .42867 .42894 .42920 .42946 .42912 .42999 .43025 .43051 .43077 .43104 .43130 .43166 .43182 .43209 .43236 .43261 .43287 .43313 .43340 .43366 .43392 .43418 .43446 .43471 .43491 .43623 .43549 .43515 .43602 .43628 .43654 .43680 .43706 .43733 .43759 .43785 .43B-It .43831
60
68 67 66 66 54 63 62 51 60
..
<I .0 3. 3. 37 36 35 34 33 32 3I 30 2. 2. 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 I• I• 17 16 is I< 13 12 II 10
•• .,
43
II 12 I3 I4 16 17 I• I. 20 2I 22 23 2. 26 26 27 2. 211 30 31 32 33 3• 36 36 37 3. 3• .0 41 42 43 .6 '7
•• ••
f7 .6 fa
is
.. ..
.,
"
3• 3s 37 36 36 3< 33 32 31 30
..
.9:1084 fl3074 9:1063 .9:1052 .9~042 930.11 .93020 93010 92999 9291$8 .92978 92907 .9"2'.}56 .92946 .92935 92924 .92913 .92902 92892 92881 .92870 .92859 .92~49 .92838 .92821 92816 .9280.5 .92794 .92784 .92773 .92762 .92751 .92740 .9~729 .92118
.usoes
.5 '6 '7
., ••
<I 43
.90984 .90972 .90960 . 90948 .90936 .90924 .90911 .90899 . 90887 .90875 .90863 .90851 .90839 .90826 .90814 .90802 .90790 .90778 .90766 .90753 90741 .90129 .90717 .90704 .90692 .90680 .90668 .90655 .90643 .90631
.ssess
60
•• ••
•• ••
••
.9 60 51 52 53 5. 50 57 5• 59 60
60
.. 6. ..
51 52 53 5. 66 57
• •
7 6 5
......
...... ......
.sssos
.88472 .8S458 .88445 .88431 .884-17 .88404 .88390 .88377 .88363 .88349 .88336 .88322 .88308 .88295 sene .48252 .48217 .48303 .48328 .48354 .48379 .48405 .48430 .48481
"
s
7 6 6
3 2 I 0
..
.46716 .46742 .46767 .46793 .46819 .46844 .46870 .46896 .46921 .46941
.....
•
3 2 I 0
cosenc
68
seno
coseno 67
coseno 66'
coseno
64
coseno
62'
- 98-
- 99-
seno
29
coseno
87462 .87448 .87434 87420 .87406 .87391 87377 .87363 .87349 .87336 .87321 .87306 .87292 .87278 .87264 .87260 .87235 .87221 .87207 .87193 .87178 .87164 .87150 .87136 87121
seno
30
coseno
.86603 .86588 .86573 . 86.5.'i9 . 86544 .86530 .86515 .86501 .86486 .86471 .86457 .86·~42 .86427 .86413 .86398 .86384 .86369 86354 86340 863">5
seno
31
coseno
.85717 86702 ..85687 .8.5672 .85657 .85642 .86627 .85~B2 .85597 .85682 .85567 .86551 .85536 .8.5521 .86506 .85491 .8..0;476 .85461 .85446 .85431 .85416 .85401 863" .85370 .86355 .86340 .85325 .85310 .85294 .85279 .85264 86249 .85234 .85:218 .85203 . 85188 .86173 8.5167 85142 .85127 .85112 .85096 .85081 .85066 .85351 .85035 85020 85005 .84989 .84974 .84959 .84943 .84928 .84913 .84897 .84882 .84866 .84851 .84836 .84820 .84805
seno
32
coseno
.84805 .84789 . 84774 .84759 84743 .84728 .84712 .84697 .84681 .84666 . 84650 .84635 . 84619 .84604 .84588 . 84673 .84557 .84542 .84526 .84511 .84495 .84480 . 84464 .84448 .84433 .84417 .84402 .84386 .84370 .84355 .84339 84324 .84308 .84292 .84277 .84261 .84245 .84230 .84214 .84198 .84182 .84167 .84151 .84135 .84120 .84104 .84088 .84072 .84057 .84041 .84025 .84009 .839fl4 .8.'3978 .83962 .83946 .83930 .83916 .83899 .83883 .83867 60 59 58 57 56 56 54 63 52 51 50 49 48 47 ,16 46 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 0 1 2 3 4 7 8
seno
33
coseno
.83867 .83851 ;83835 .83819 .83804 .83788 .83772 .83756 .83740 .83724 .83708 .83692 .83676 .83660 .83645 .83629 .~613 .83597 .83581 .83565 .83549 .83633 .83517 .83501 .83485 .83469 .83453 .83437 .83421 .83405 .83389 .83373 .83356 .83340 .83324 .83308 .83292 .83276 .83260 .83244 .83228 .83212 .83195 .83179 .83163 .83147 .83131 .83116 .83098 .83082 .83066 .83060 .83034 .83017 .83001 .82985 .82969 .82963 .82936 .82920 .82904
seno
34
coseno
.82904 .82887 .8::871 .828~5 .82839 .828:22 .82806 82790 .82773 .82757 .82741 .82724 .82708
seno
35" coseno
.81915 .81899 .81882 .81SM .81848 .81832 .81815 .81798 .81782 .8171\5 .81748 .81731 .81714
seno
36
coseno
.80902 .80885 .80867 .808.50 .80833 .80816 .80799 .80782 .80765 .80748 .80730 .80713 .80696 .80679 .8066:.! .80644 .80627 .80610 .80593 .80576 .80668 .80541 .80524 .80507 .80489 .80472 .804.55 .80438 .80420 .80403 .80386 .80368 .80361 .80334 .80316 80299 .80282 .80264 .80247 .80230 .80212 .80196 .80178 .80160 .80143 .80125 .80108 .80091 .80073 .80056 .80038 .80021 .80003 .79986 .70968 .79961 .7993. .79916 .79899 .79881 .798&4 60 O• OS 57 54 53 52 00
.48481 .48606 4853:2 .48667 .48683 48608 .48634 .48659 .48684 .48710 .48736 .48761 .48786 .48811 .48837 .48862 .48888 .48913 .48938 .48964 .48989 .49014 .49040 .49086 .49090 .49116 .49141 .49166 49192 .49217 .49242 .49268 .49293 49318 49344 .49369 .49394 49419 49446 49470 49496 .49621 .49546 .49671 .49596 .49622 .49647 .49672 .49697 49723 49748 .49773 .49798 .49824 .49849 .43874 .49899 .'9924 .49950 .49975 .00000
00000 .50025 . .50050 .50016 .50101 .50126 .50151 .50176 .60:201 . .50227 .50252 .60217 50302 .50327 5035lZ .50377 50403 50428 50453 .50478 .50503
1
.51504 .51529 .51554 .51~79 . 51604 .51628 .516.53 .51678 .51703 .51728 .51753 .51778 .51803 .51828 .51852 .51877 .61902 .61927 .51952 .51977
.62992 .53017 .53041 .3066 .53091 . 53115 . 53140 .53164 .53189 .63214 .53238 .63263 .53288 .53312 .63337 .53361 .53386 .53411 .53435 .53460 .53484 .53509 .63534 .53558 .53583 . 53607 . 53632 .53656 .53681 .53706 .53730 .53754 . 53779 .53804 .53828 .5.'1853 .53877 .53902 .53926 .53951 .63975 .MOOO .64024 .54049 54073 .54097 .54122 .54146 .54171 .5fl95 .M220 .54244 .54269 .54293 .54317 .54342 .54366 .54391 .64415 .54440 .54464
10
• • •
.54464.54488 .54513 .54637 . 54MB .54586 .64610 .54635 .64659 .54683 .54708 .54732 547 .. .54781 54S00 .54829 .64854 .54878 .54902 .549-27 .54951 .54975 .54999 .5.5024 .55048 .5.5072 . .55097 .55121 .65146 .56169 .55194 .55218 .55242 .55266 .55291 .65315 .55339 .55363 .55388 .55412 .55436 .55460 .55484 .5.5509 .56533 .55557 .55681 .M605 .55630 .55654 .55678 55702 .55726 55750 .56776 .55i99 .56823 .55847 .55871 .56896 .55919
.65919 .56943 . .5.5U68 . .5.5992 . .56016 .56040 .56064 .66088 .56112 .66136 .66160 .56184 .56208 . 562:l2 .56256 .56280 .56306 .56329 .66353 .56377 .56401 .56425 .66449 .56473 .56497 .56521 .56545 .56569 .56593 .56617 .56641 · .56665 . .56689 .56713 .56736 .56760 .56784 .56808 .56832 .56856 .56880 . .56904 .56928 .56952 .56976 .57000 .57024 .57047 .57071 . 570M .67119 .57143 .57167 57191 .57215 .57238 .57262 .57286 57310 .57334 .57358
.57368 .57381 .57405 .57429 .57453 .67477 .57501 .57624 .57648 . 575i2 .57596 .57619 .57643 .57667 .57691 .57715 577::8 .57762 .57786 .57810 .57833 .57857 .57881 .57904 .57928 .57952 .57976 .57999 .58023 .58047 .58070 .58094 .58118 .58141 .58165 .58189 .58212 .58236 .58260 .58283 .58307 58330 . .)8354 .S8378 .58401 .58425 .58449 .58472 .58496 .58519 . 58M3 .58567 .58590 .58614 .58637 .58661 .58708 .58731 .58755 .58779
.68779 08802 .58826 .58849 . 588i3 .58896 .58920 .58943 . .',8967 . 58~)'JO .59014 .59,)17 .5'JOtil .69084 .5~H08 .59131 .5'.)154 .5'.)178 .5!I201 .59225 .59248 .59272 .5U295 .59318 .59342 .5'.)365 .59389 .59412 .59436 .59459 .59482 .59506 .59529 .69552 .59576 .59599 .59622 .59646 .59669 .59693 .59716 .59739 .59763 .59786 .59809 .59832 .59856 .59879 .59902 59926 .59949 .59972 .59995 .60019 .60042 .60060 .60089 .60112 .60136 .601M .60182
se se
..
4• '8 47 4• 40
11
I
I
"
13 14 10 I. 17 18 I. 20 21 22 23 24
:~~:?;
I .8:.!659 .8:!M3 .82626 .82010 .82593 .82677 .82561 .82544 .82528 .82511 .82495 .82478 .82462 .82446 .82429 .82413 .82396 .82380 .82363 .82347 .82330 .82314 .82297 .82281 .82264 .82248 82231 .82214 .82198 .82181 .82165 .821481 .82132 .82115 .82098 .82082 .82065 .82048 .82032 .82015 .81999 .81982 .81966 .81949 .81932 .81915
::l:g~I .816M
.81647 .81631 .81614 .81597 .81680
..
43 42 41 40 3• 38 37 3• 3s 3' 33 32 31 30 2• 28 27 2•
:~~t;g~I
.87050 .87036
::~~~
.87021 .87007 .86993 .86978 86964 .86949 .86935 .86921 .86906 . 8689:l
.50528 .50553 .50578 M603 .50628 .50654 .60679 .50704 50729 .50754 .50779 . .50804 .50829 . .50854 50879 .50904 .50929 .50054 .50979 .51004
~~; .86266
:=~gi .g~:g~
86222 .86207 .86192 86178 .86163
I
,.
2. 27 28 2. 30 31 32 33 34
.81563 .81546 .81"530 .81513 .814'.)6 .81479 .81462 .81445 .81428 .81412 .81396 .81378 .81361 .81344 .81327 .81310 .81293 .81276 .81259 .81242 .81225 .81208 .81191 .81174 .81157 .81140 .81123 .81106 .81089 .81072 .81055 .81038 .81021 .81004 .80987 .80970 .80953 .80936 .80919 .80902
:~t~~ I :~~~~~
.86104 .86089 .86074 .86059 .86045 .86030 .86015 .52349 .52374 .52399 .5242'3 .52148 .52473 .52498 .52522 .52547 .52572 .52597 .52621 . t\2646 .52671 52696 .62720 .52745 .52770 .52794 .62819 .52844 . 5286U .52893 .62918 .52943 .52967 .52992 86000 .85985 .85970 .85956 . 85941 .85926 86911 .86896 .85881 .86866 . 858M 86836 .85821 858~6 .85792 .85777 .86762 .85747 .85732 .86717
as
3. 37 38 3. 40
"
24 23 22 21 20 I• 18 17 Ie 10 14 13 12 11 10 8 7
so
=~~~
I
.51029 . 51054 .51079 .51104 51129 , .511~4 .51179 .51204 .51229 .51254 .51279 .51304 .51329 .51354 .51379 .61404 .51429 .61454 .51479 .61504
41 42 43
..
4. '7 48 4. .0 52 53 54
61 52 53 54 56 66 67 68 69
ao
86733 .86719 .86704 .86690 .86676 .86661 .86646 .86632 .86617 .86603 i
..
•• se ••
.7 68 60
......
• • • •
3 2 1 0
coseno
50"
seno
coseno
58"
seno
coseno
55
seno
0
ccsenc
54"
seno
100-
101 -
,
1 2 3
sene .60182 60206 .60228 602.51 .602H .60298 603~1 60344 .60367 .60390 .60414 .60437 .60460 .60.83 .60506 .60529 .60553 .60576 .60599 .60622 .6064.5 .60668 .60691 .6071460738 .60761 .60784 .60807 .60830 .60853 .60876 .60899 .60922 .60945 .60968 .60991 .61015 .61038 .61061 .61084 .61107 611.'10 .61153 .61176 61199 61222 61245 .61268 .61291 .61314.61337 .61360 .61383 .61406 .61429 .61451 61474 .61497 .61520 .61543 .61566
37
cosenc
79864 .79846 79829 79811 .79793 .79776 .79758 .7\.1741 .79723 .79706 .79688 . 71)671 79653 .7U635 . 7G618 .79600 . 79583 .79565 .79547 .79530 . 79512 . 79494. 79477 .794-.59 .79441 .79424 .794-06 .79388 . 79371 .79353 .793;35 .79318 .79300 .79282 .19264 19247 .79229 .79211 .19193 .79176 .79168 .79140 .79122 .71)106 .79087 .79069 .79051 .79033 .79016 .7.9'·1 .78980
sene .61566 .61689 .61612 .61635 .616.58 .61681 617u4 .61726 61749 .61772 .6179,5 .61818 .61841 61864 61887 .61909 .61932 .61955 .61978 .62001 .62024.62046 .620~ .62092 .62115 .62138 .62160 .62183 .62206 .62229 .62251 .62274 .62297 .62320 .62342 .62365 .62388 .62411 .62433 .6:.!456 .62479 .62502 .62524 62547 .62570 .62592 .6261,3 .62638 .62660 .62683 .62706 .62728 .62751 I .G2774 .6:.!7'J6 .62819 .62842 .fl.:.!864 .62887 .62909 ..6:.!932
coseno
.78801 .78783 .7876.5 .78747 .78729 .78711 .78694 .78676 .78658 .78640 .78622 .78604 .78586 .78.568 .78550 .78532 .78514 .78496 .78478 .78460 .78442 .78424 .78405 .78387 78369 .78351 .78333 .78315 .78297 .78279 .78261 .78243 .78225 206 .781881 .7. .78170 .78152 .78134 .78116 . 780H8 .78079 .78061 .78043 .78025 78007 . 779~8 .77970 .77952 .77934 .77916 .77897 .77879 .77861 .77843 77824 .71806 .77788 .77769 777., :77733 .77715 I
seno
.62932 .62955 62977 .63000 .63022 .63045 .63068 .63090 .63113 .63135 .63158 .63180 .63203 .63225 .63248 .63271 . 63:.!93 .63316 .63338 .63361 .63383 .63406 . 634:!8 .63451 .63473 .63496 .63518 .63540 .63563 .6:3585 .63608 .63630 .63653 .63675 .63698 .63720 .63742 .63765 .63787 .63810 .63832 .63854 .6a817 .63899 .63922 .63944 .6::1966 .63989 .64011 .64033 .64056 . 64078 .64100 .6412'1 .64145 .64167 .64190 .64212 .642.14 .64256 .64279
39
coseno
.77715 .77696 .77678 .77660 .77641 .77623 .7760.5 .77586 .77568 .77550 .77531 .77513 .77494 .77476 .77458 .77439 .77421 .77402.77384 .77366 .7734-7 .77329 .77310 .77292 .77273 .77255 .77236 .77218 .77109 .77181 .77162 .77144 .77125 .77107 .77088 .77070 .71051 .77033 .77014 76996 .76977 . 76f1sn .76940 .76921 .76903 .76884 .76866 .76847 .76791
sene 4~:oseno
. 64279 .64301 .64323 .64346 .64368 .64390 .64412 .64435 .64457 .64479 .64501 .64524 .64546 .64568 . 645UO .64612 .64635 .&4657 .64679 .64701 .64723 .64746 .64768 .64790 .64812 .648:14 .64856 .64878 .64901 .64923 .64945 .64967 .64989 .65011 .65033 .65055 .65017 .65100 . 6M2:.! .65144 .65166 .65188 .65210 65232 .6li254 .65276 .65298 .65320 .65342 .6~~64 65386 .6.5408 .65430 .61';452 .65474.65496 . 65518 .65540 .65562 . 65584 .65606 .7660 • .76.586 .76567 .76548 .76530 .76511 .76492 .76473 .76456 .76436 .76417 .76398 .76380 .76361 .76;342 .76323 76304 .76286 .76267 .76248 .76229 .76210 .76192 .76173 .76154 .76135 .76116 .76097 .76078 .76059 . 76041 .76022 .76003 . 75'J84 .75965 .15946 .75927 .75908 75889 .75870 .75851 .76832 .75813 .75794 .75775 .76756 .75738 .75719 .15700 .75680 .75661 .75642 .75623 .75601 .75585 .75566 .75.541 .75528 .75509 .7.5490 .75471 6. .9 .7 .6
sene
41
coseno
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seno
.66913 .66935 .66966 .66978 .66999 .67021 .67043 .67064 .67086 .67107 .67129
42
43 coseno
.74314 .74296 .74276 .74266 .74237 .74-217 .74-198 .74-178 .74159 .741.39 .74120 .74100 .74080 .74-061 .74-041 .7«)22 .74002 .73983 .73963 .7394-4 .7392" .73904.73886 .73866 .73846 .73826 .73806 .73787 .73767 .73747 .73728 .73708 .73688 . 73669 .73649 .73629 .73610 .73690 .73670 .73561 .73631 .73511 .734-91 .73472 .734-.52 .73432 .734-13 .73393 .73373 .73363 .73333 .73314 .73294.73274.732M .7323" .73216 .73195 .73176 .731.56 .73136 sene
seno
.68200 .68221 .68242 .682M .68286 .68306 .68327 .68349 .68370 .68391 .684:12 .68434 .68456 .68476 .68497 .68618 .68639 .68661 .68682 .68603 .6862" .68646 .68666 .68666 .68709 .68730 .68761 .68772 .68793 .68814.6883 • .68867 .68878 .6889 • .68920 '.68941 .68962 .68983 .69004 .69026 .6"'" .69067 .69088 .69109 .69130 .69151 .69112 .69193 .69214 .69236 .69266 .69277 .69298 . 69S19 .69340 .69361 .69382 .69403 .69466
coseno
.73136 .73116 .73096 .73076 .73056 .73036 .73016 .72996 .72976 .72967 .72937 .72917 .72897, .72877 .72867 .72837 .72817 .72797 .72777 .72767 .72737 .72717 .72697 .72677 .72667 .72637 .72617 .72597 .72677 .72567 .72637 .72517 .72497 .72477 .724-67 .724-37 .72417 .72397 .72377 .72367 .72337 .72317 .72297 .72271 .72267 .72236 .72216 .72196 .72176 .72160 .72136 .721l6 .72096 72016 .':'2065 72035 7201.5 .71995 .71974.119M .71934
44
sene .... 66 .69487 .69608 .69629 .69649 .69670 .69691 .69612 .69633 .696M .69676 .69696 .69717 .69737 .69768 .69779 .69800 .69821 .69842 .69862
ccsenc
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Secantes
U· eee coeee In6.nite. 3437.70 171S.90 1145.90 8.59.44 681.5.5 572.96 491.11 i29.i2 381.97 343.77 312.52 286.48 264.44 245.55 229.18 214.86 202.22 100.99 ISO. 73 171.89 163.70 166.26 14:9.4:1 143.24: 137.61 132.i2 127.32 '12'2.78 114.59 aee 1.0001 1.0001 1.0002 1.0002 1.0002 1.0002 1.0002 1.0002 1.0002 1,0002 1.0002 1.0002 1.0002 1.0002 1.0002 1.0002 1.0002 1.0002 1.0002 1.0003 1.0003 I.QOO.'l 1.0003 1.0003 1.0003 1.0003 1.0003 1.0003 1.0003 1.0003
y Cosecantes
cosec 2S.6.54 2S.417 2S.1S4 27.955 27,130 27.508 1.7.::!30 27.075 26.864 26.655 26.450 26.249 28.050 25.8&4 25.661 25.411 25.284 25.100 24:.918 24.739 24:.562 24.388 24.216 24.04723.880 23.716 23.553 23.393 23.235 23.079 22.925 22.774 22.624 22,476 22.330 241.186 22.044 21.9(14 21.765 21.629 21.494 21.360 21.228 21,008 20.970 20.843 20.717 20.593 20.471 23.350 20.230 20.112 19.995 19.880 19.766 19.653 19,5U 1-9.431 19.322 19.214 19.107" see eee 1.0014 1.0014 1.0'.114 1.0;)14 1.0014 1.0014 1.0015 1.0015 1.0015 1.0015 1.0015 1.0016 1.0016 1.0016 1.0016 1.0016 1.0016 1.0016 1.0017 1.0011 1.0017 1.0017 1,0017 1.0011 1.0018 1.0018 1.0018 1.0018 1.0018 1.0018 1.0019 1.0019 1,0019 1.0019 1.0019 1.0019 1.0020 1.0020 1.002{l 1.0020 1.0020 1.0021 1.0021 1,0021 1.0021 1.0021 1.0022 1.0022 1.0022 1.0022 1.0022 1.0023 1.0023 1.0023 1.0023 1.0023 1.0024: 1.0024 1.0024 1.0024 1.0024: eoeee
3°
cosec 57.299 56.359 55.450 64.510 53.718 52.891 52.090 61.313 50,558 49.826 4\l.114 48.422 47.750 47.096 46.4:60 45.84:0 45.237 44,650 44.077 4:3.520 42.9i6 4:2.44:5 4:1.928 41.423 40.930 40.4:48 39.978 39.518 39.069 38.631 38.201 37.782 37.311 36,969 36,576 36.t91 35.814 35.44:5 35.084 34:.729 34.382 34.042 33.708 33.381 33.060 32.145 32.437 32.134 31.836 31.544 31.257 30.976 30.699 30.4:28 30.161 29.899 29.64:1 29.388 29.139 28.894: 28.6M -eee
see 1.0006 1.0006 1.0006 1.0006 1,0006 1.0007 1.0007 1.0007 1.0007 1.0007 1.000"{ 1.0007 1.0007 1.0007 1.·0008 1.0008 1.0008 1.0008 1.0008 1.0008 1.0008 1.0008 1.0008 1.()()OO 1.0009 1.0009 1.0009 1.0009 1.0009 1.0009 1.0009 1.0010 1.0010 1.0010 1.0010 1.0010 1.0010 1.0010 1.0010 1.0011 1.0011 1.0011 1.0011 1.0011 1.0011 1.0011 1.0012 1.0012 1.0012 1.0012 1.0012 1.0012 1.0012 1.0013 1.0013 1.0013 1.0013 1.0013 1.0013 1.0013 1.0014 cosec
coeee 19.107 19.002 IS.S97 IS,194 18,(;92 18.591 18.491 18.393 18,295 18.198 18.103 18.008 17.914 17.821 17.730 17.639 17.549 17.460 17.312 17.285 17.198 17.113 17.028 16.944 16.861 16.779 16.698 16.617 16.638 16.4/.9 16.380
.. e
eoeee 14.335 14:.276 14:.217 14:.159 14:.101 14.043 13.986 13.930 13.874 13.818 13.763 13.708 13.664 13.600 13.547 13.494: 13.4:41 13:389 13.337 13.286 13.235 13.184: 13.134: 13.084 13.034: 12.98.5 12.937 12.888 12.840 12.793 12.746 12.698 12 ..662 12.606 12.660 12.614: 12.469 12.424 12.379 12.336 12.291 12.24:8 12.204 12.161 12.118 12.076 12.034: 11.992 '11.930 11.909 11.868 11.828 11.787 11.74:7 11.701 11.668 11.628 11.689 11.660 11.612 11.47'
5'
see .1.0038 1.0038 1.0039 1.0039 1.0039 1.0039 1.0040 1.0040 1.0040 1.0040 1.0041 1.0041 1.0041 1.0041 1.0042 1.0042 1.0042 1.004:3 1.0043 1.0043 1.0043 1.0044 1.0044: 1.0044 1.0044 1.0046 1.0046 1.0046 1.0046 1.0046 1.004:6 1.0046 1.0041 1.0047 1.0047 1.0048 1.0048 1.0048 1.0048 1.0049 1.0049 1.0049 1.0060 1.0060 1.0060 1.0060 1.0061 1.0061 1.0061 1.0062 1.0062 1.0052 1.0063 1.0063 1.0053 1.0053 1.0064 l.ooM 1.0054 1.00.\6 1.0056 cosec cosec 11.474 11.436 11.398 11.360 11.323 11.286 11.24:9 11.213 11.176 11.140 11.104 11.069 11.033 10.988 10.963 10.929 10.894 10.860 10.826 10.192 10.758 10.726 \0.692 10.669 10.626 10.693 10.561 10.529 10.4:97 10.4:66 10.4:33 10.4:02 10.371 10.340 10.309 10.278 10.248 10.211 10.~87 10.161 10.127 10.098 10.amI 10.039 10.010 9.9812 9.9626 9.9239 9.8966 9.8672 9.8391 9.8112 9.783" 9.7t;68 9.7283 9.7010 9.6739 9.6469 9.6200 9.6933 9.5668 eee
sec
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cosec
eee 1.0075 1.0076 1.0076 1.0076 1.0076 1.0077 1.0071 1.0078 1.0078 1.0078 1.0079 1.0079 1.0079 1.0080 1.0080 1.0080 1.0081 1.0081 1.0082 1.0082 1.0082 1.0083 1.0083 1.0084 1.0084 1.0084 1.008.5 1.0085 1.0085 1.0086 1.0086 1.0087 1.0087 1.0087 1.0088 1.0088 1.0089 1.0089 1.0089 1.0090 1.0090 1.0090 1.0091 1.0091 1.0092 1.0092 1.0092 1.0093 1.0093 1.009< 1.0094: 1.009< 1.0095 1.0096 1."""" 1."",," 1.0097 1.0097 1.0097 1.0098 1.0098 cosec
cosec 8.2055 8.1861 8,1668 8.1476 8.1285 8.1OG4 8.og06 8.0717 8.0529 8.034:2 8.0156 7.9971 7.9787 7.9604 7.94:21 7.924:0 7.9059 7.8879 7.8700 7.8.522 7.8344: 7.8168 7.7992 7.7817 7.7642 7.7469 7.7296 7.7124: 7.6963 1.6783 7.6613 7.6444: 1.6276 7.6108 7.694:2 7.6776 7.5611 7.M46 7.6282 7.6119 7.4:967 7.4795 7.4:634 7.44:14: 7.4:316 7.4:156 7.3998 7.3840 7.3683 7.3627 7.3372 7.3217 7 .3OG3 1.2909 1.2767 7.2604 7.24:53 7.2302 1.2152 7.2002 7.1863 eee
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1. 17 1. 20
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1.0055 1.0055 1.0056 1.0056 1.0056 1.0057 1.0057 1.0057 1.0057 1.0058 1.0058
9.5668 9.6404 9.5141 9.4880 9.4620 9.4362 9.4:105 9.38.50 9.:'')96 9.3343 9.3092 9.2842 9.2593 9.234:6 9.2100 9.1855 9.1612 9.1370 9.1129 9.0890 9.0651 9.0414 9.0179 8.994:4 8.9711. 8.94:79 8.9248 8.9018 8.8790 8.8.563 8.8337 8.8112 8.7888 8.7665 8.74:44 8.7223 8.1004 8.6786 8.6569 8.6363 8.6138 8.6924 8.6711 8.5499 8.6289 8.6079 8.4811 8.4:663 8.44:67 8.4251 8.U)46 8.3843 8.3640 8.3439 8.3238 8.3039 8.284:0 8.264:2 8.24:46 8.2260 8.2065 .. e
60
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cceee 7.1863 7.17Of 7 ..1567 7.1409 7.1263 7.1117 7.0972 7.0827 7,0683 7.0539 7.0396 7.0264. 7.0112 6.9971 6.9830 6.9690 6.9560 6.9.11 6.9273 6.9136 6.8998 6.8861 6.8726 6.8689 6.8.M 6.8320 6.8186 6.8062 6.7919 6.7787 6.7665 6.7623 6.7392 6.7262 6.7132 6.7003 6.6874 6.67"6 6.6617 6.Moo 6.6363 6.6237 6.6111 6.6986 6 .sseo 6.6736 6.6612 6.6488 6.6366 6.5243 6.512\ 6."999 6."878 6."767 "."637 6."617 6."398 6.4279 6."160 6."O.f2 6.392"
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1 .• 804 1 .• 699 1.4696 1.4:600 1.4686 1.4681 1.4677 1.4672 1.4668 1.4563 1.4469 1.4664: 1.4560 1.4:646 1.4:641 1.4:636 1.4632 1.4627 1.4623 1.4618 1.4614 1.4:610 1.4606 1.4601 1.4496 1.4492 1."87 1."83 1.«79 1."74 1.4470 1.4466 1.4461 1.4-1&7 1.4462 1.4448 1.4443 1.4439 1.4436 1.4:430 1.4:426 1.4422 1.4417 1.4413 1.4408 1.4.{CK 1.4400 1.4396
48
<7 4< 43
.e
<e
.. .. •• ••
23 27 28 29 30 31 33 3. 3. 37 39 '0 .1
••
'1 <0 39 38 37 3. 3.
.. ..
38
1.4844 1.4:839 1.4836 1.4:830 1.4826 1.4821 1.4816 1.4811 1.4808 1.4802 1.4797 1.4792 1.4:788 1.4:783 1.4778 1.4774: 1.4:769 1.4:764: 1.4:760 1.4766 1.4760 1.4:746 1.4741 1.4736 1.4732 1.4727 1.4:723 1.4:718 1.4713 1.4700 1.4704 1.4699 1.4:696 1.4690 1.4686 1.4681 1.4676 1.4672 1.4667 1.4683
..
33 32 31
15 1. 17 18 19 '0
l'
U <0
•• •• •• ••
.3
'9 .8 <7
33 3. 3. 3. 37 38 3. .0
••
31
L:~=
45°
eee
'00"
45°
...
21 '0
.. .. ..
•• •• •• •• as as
26
1.4005 1._ 1.4073 1.4077 1.4081 1.4086 1.4089 1.-4093 1.-4097 1.4101 1.41~ 1.4109 1.4113 1.4117 1.4122 1.4126 1.4130 1.4134 I.·U38 1.4:1-12
1.01221 1.-1217 1.-1212 1.4208 1.4204 1.4200 1.4190 1.4192 1.4188 1.4183 1.4179 1.4176 1.4171 1.4167 1.4163 1.4169 1.41601 1.4130 1.·U46 1.4:14:2
19 18 17 1.
l'
H 13 1. 11 10 9
57
.9
• • • • •
7 2 1 0
eo
e ..eo
45°
...
30
29 27
•• •• ••
20
.3 '1 '0
••
.e
<7 '8 .9 50 '1
..
'3 4<
..
19 18 17 1. 1. 13 1. 11 10 9 8 7
l'
.. ..
•• ss
>7
as
110
..
e-
49°
47°
...
• • • • •
1 0
46°
...
114-
115-
ARCOS,
Angulo ArC05
CUERDAS
Arcos Flechos Cuerdas
1~ 1
15' 7
2~ 1 2
· · · • , · · ,~ · · · •
7
· ·
2 ] 5'
~
I
0"
1 2
]
es
,
1 ]
13n
.15 0'.1667
ran
25
to1 1 ]
, •
7
20 .2167
nn
DH JO
IS" 7
.2661
)167 OO.1313
.rs
.]661 lill
25'
7
4167 .4333
..
60
20" 1 1
25" 7
, ,
· · · · · · · •
5"
~.OOOO .000]
.0017 001'
"1<
0008 0011
...
.,..
0".05
0",10 1 2
00]9 00<2
0".15
, ,
.00<7 .005
".0056
."7
005'
'" ....
00B6
...
005.
0092
00.20 1 2
· ·· · · ·
, ,
7
~.50
JO'
0"55
.'
"
6']6"
".60
7'12" 7'48"
"24"
9'36" to' 12" 10''''' 11'24" 12' 1)'12" 13'48" 14'24" 15' lS'36"
".65
, ,
· · · ..... •
, ,
7 ))'36" H'12" 1 2 )6'),"
· ·
]
1 2
H'
14'48" )5'24"
37'12" 1"24"
37'48"
, ,
W 39'36" .0'12"
"
4,'24"
0",25
• ,
7 0",]0 1 1 ] 0".35
· ·
7
12'36"
0".70 1 2
<2'
0'.15
16'12"
16'<408" 17'24" 18'
)0"
1 2
l5'
7
.... ,
.5667
S131 .55
as7
, ,
.6Hl .65
0".6667
.6161
• ,
<0" 1 1
· ·
, •
7 1 2
,
1 1
"'" .....
00.0111 .0114
<0' 1 1
e7
, •
50' 1 2
· ·
,
7
6BH .70
7167 .1))3
.75
,..,
45"
"
·
,
7
, ,....
1 2 00.45
· ·
,
7
,"48"
22'12" 22'48"
19'12"
,'')'"
20'24" 21' 21')6"
,. .ee
,
7 1 1 ]
55'
60'
· · , •
.."
B5 BBH
9161 9))3
· , · •·
".B5
21'24"
l<' 24'36" 25'12" 25'48" 26'24" 27' 21'36" is'12''
,." ,
1 2 00.95 7
· ... · · •,
7
· ·
42'36" 0'12"
43'48".
44'24"
<S'
45'16"
""12" 46''''''
47'24"
48'3'" SO'14"
49'12" 49'48"
52'48" 53'24"
28'48"
29'14" 20'
,
1·.00 0",0 3".6 1".2 10".8 14".4 18" 21".6 )5",2 18".8 32".4 36"
SO"
" ""
1.00
.. ""
55"
· ·
,
01<2 01..
.0141 015
".50
~.OOO
1 2
60"
00.005
.
,
· ·
57'
58'48"
59'24" 60' __
51'36" 58'12"
~ e ,
0".010
l' 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
0.1920 0.2094 0.2269 0.2443 0.2618 0,2793 0.2967 0.3142 0.3316 0.3491 0.3665 0.3840 0.4014 0.4189 0.4363 0.4538 0.4712 .0.4887 0.5061 0.5236 0.5411 0.5585 0.5760 0,5934 0.6109 0.6283 0.6458 0.6632 0.6807 0.6981 0.7156 0.7330 0.7505. 0.7679 0.7854
0.0175 0.0349 0,0524 0.0698 0.0872 0.1047 0.1221 0.1395 0.1569 0.1743 0.1917 0.2091 0.2264 0,2437 0,2611 0,2783 0.2956 0,3129 0,3301 0,3473 0.3645 0.3816 0.3987 0.4158 0.4329 0.4499 0.4669 0.4838 0.5008 0.5176 0.5345 0.5512 0.5680 0.5847 0.6014 0.6180 0.6346 0.6511 0,6676 0.6840 0.7004 0.7167 0.7330 0.7492 0.7654
47 48 49 SO 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
0,8029 0,8203 0.8378 0.8552 0.8727 0.8901 0.9076 0.9250 0,9425 0,9599 0.9774 0.9948 1.0123 (0297 1.0472 1,0647 1,0821 1.0996 1.1170 1.1345 1.1519 1.1694 1.1868 1.2043 1.2217 1.2392 1.2566 1.2741 12915 1.3090 1.3265 1.3439 1.3614 1.3788 1.3963 1.4137 1.4312 1.4486 1.4661 1.4835 1.5010 1.5184 1.5359 15533 1.5708
I
I
0.0795 0.0829 0.0865 0.0900 0.0937 0,0974 0.1012 0.1051 0.1090 0.1130 0.1171 0.1212 0.1254 0.1296 0.1340 0,1384 0.1428 0,1474 0.1520 0.1566 0.1613 0.1661 0.1710 0.1759 0.1808 0,1859 0.1910 0,1961 0,2014 0,2066 0.2120 0.2174 0.2229 0,2284 0.2340 0.2396 0.2453 0.2510 0.2569 0.2627 0.2686 0.2746 0.2807 0.2867 0.2929
0.7815 0.7975 0.8135 0,8294 0,8452 0.8610 0.8767 0,8924 0.9080 0.9235 0.9389 0.9543 0.9695 0.9848 1.0000 1.0151 1.0301 1.0450 1.0598 1.0746 1,0893 1,1039 1.1184 1.1328 1.1472 1.1614 1.1756 1.18'6 1.2036 1.2175 1.2313 1.2450 1.2586 1.2722 1.2856 1.2989 1.3121 1.3252 lJ383 1.3512 1.3640 1.3767 1389J
1.4')18 1,4142
116-
117-
ARCOS,
Angulo
CUERDAS
- Arcos
Arcos 1.5882 1.6057 1.6232 1.6406 1.6580 1.6755 1.6930 1.7104 1.7279 1.7453 1.7628 1.7801 1.7977 1.8151 1.8326 1.8500 1.8675 1.8850 1.9024 19199 1.9373 1.9548 1.9722 1.9897 2.0071 2.0246 2.0420 2.0595 2.0769 2.0944 2.1118 2.1293 2.1468 2.1642 2.1817 2.1991 2,2160 2.2340 2.2515 2.2689 2.2864 2.3038 2.3213 2.3387 2,3563
--I
Hechcs 0.6254 0.6335 0.6416 0.6498 0.6580 0.6662 0.6744 0.6827 0.6910 0.6993 0.7076 0.7160 0.7244 0.7328 0.7412 0.7496 0.7581 0.7666 0.7750 0.7836 0.7921 0.8006 0.8092 0.8178 0.8264 0.8350 0.8436 0.8522 0.8608 0,8695 0.8781 0,8868 0.8955 0.9042 0,9128 0.9215 0.9302 0.9390 0.9477 0.9564 0.9651 0.9738 0.9825 0.9913 1.0000
Cuerdos 1.8544 1.8608 1.8672 1.8733 1.8794 1.8853 1.8910 1.8966 1.9021 1.9074 1.9126 1.9176 1.9225 1.9273 1.9319 1.9363 1.9406 1.9447 1.9487 1.9526 1.9563 1.9598 1.9632 1.9665 1.9696 1.9726 1.9754 1.9780 1.980.1 1.9829 1.9851 1.9871 1.9890 1.9908 1.9924 1.9938 1.9951 1.9963 1,9973 1.9981 1.9988 1,9993 1.9997 1.9999 2.0000
91" 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135
136° 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180
2.37361 2.3911 2.4086 2.4260 ' 2.4435 2.4609 2.4784 2.4958 2.5133 2.5307 2.5482 2.5656 2.5831 2.6005 2.6180 2.6354 2.6529 2.6704 2.6878 2.7053 2.7227 2.7402 2.7576 2.7751 2.7925 2.8100 2.8274 2.8449 2.8623 2.8798 2.8972 2.9147 2.9322 29496 2.9671 2.9845 30020 3.0194 3,0369 3.0543 3.0718 3,0892 3.1067 3.1241 3.1416
= = =
= Flecha.
Cuerda. Radio.
Areo.
~'7\
TABLA
Areo Areo de la tabla Areo Radio
I---
:---::::A~
C----.I
DE
ARCOS
Arco.
== Radio.
Areo de la tabla.
TABLA
DE Cuerda '"
CUERDAS
Radio X Cuerda
de la tabla
Cucrda.
Radio.
== Cuerda de la tabla
TABLA
DE
Flecha
FLECHAS
Radio X Ffecha de la tahla .. Flecha. Flecha de la tabla Flecha Radio Flecha == Radio.
de la tabla.
118-
119-
EJEMPLOS
DE
CUERDAS
Calcular 18 longitud de la cuerda de un areo de 300 en un circulo de 200 milimetros de radio. 200 x. cuerda de las tablas·- Cuerda. 30' = 0,5176 X 200 = 103,52 mm., longitud de la cuerda. Calcula r el radio del circulo anterior, siendo conocida la cuerda y el valor del angulo en grados. Cuerda -= Radio. Cuerda de la tabla 103,52 = 200 Radio. 0,5176 Calcular los grados de un arcc, conocida la cuerda y el radio del ejemplo anterior. Cuerda _ Cuerda y grados de la tabla. Radio 103,52 _ 0,5176 Cuerda y 30' de la tabla. 200 .
EJEMPLOS
oc
\f~\
~
....ngulo
00
06)
\
<;b
_. Divj. slones Cuerda
Divinones
en Grados y Minutos
en Gracias y Minutos
5 6 7
120· 90
DE
ARCOS
Calcular el desarrollo de un arco de 35' siendo el radio de 500 mm. Radio X Arco de la tabla - Arco. 500 X 0,6109 - 305,45 mm. desarrollo. Calcular el numero de grados de un arco cuyo desarrollo es 340 mm. sobre una circunfcrencia de 500 rom. de radio. Arco _ Arco y grados de la tabla. Radio
::: =
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1.
• •
EJEMPLOS
En un circulo de 1SO mm. de radio y siendo el angulo dado 65°, calcular la ftecba. Radio X F1echa de la tabla - Flecha. 150 X 0,1566 _ 23,49 mm. Flecha.
20 21 22 2l 24 25 26 27 2. 2. 30 11 l2
I.
J3
l4 35
Calcular-los grados que corresponden a una ftecha de 50 mm. en un circulo de 300 mm. de radio. Flecha _ Fiecha y grades de la tabla. Radio 50 300-0,166 Flocha, 67' de la tabla.
60 S1.lS '5 40 36 12,<41 30 27.4' 25,42 25 22.30 21,10 20 18,56 1. 17.08 16,21 15.39 15 1•. 2. 13.50 13.20 12.51 12.2. 12 11.36 11.15 10,5. 10.]5 10.17
1.0000
0.867. 0.7654 0.6840 0,6180 0.5635 0.5176 0,4786 0.4460 0.4'58 0.3902 0.3676 0,].473 0,3292 0.3129
.. .. ..
'2 '3 '5 '7 50 51 52 5J 5' 55 56 57
36 37 3. 3. 40
109,4)'
0.1743
.,
• ....
9,13 B,H 8,10 7.49 7,39 7,)0 7,20 7,12 7,03 6.56 6,47 6.40 6.32 6,2S 6.18 6.12 6.06 6 5.5. 5." 5 .• 2 ~.37 5.l2 5.27 5.22 5.17
9,2'
0.1697 0.1652
0.1609 0.1569 0.1531 0.1494 0,1459 0,1426 0,1365
6. 70 71
73
7. 75 76 77 7. 79 80
•. 22
0.1395
0,1)08
0.1336 0.1282
0,1256 0,1231 0,1207 0,1'84 0,116<4 0.114] 0,1'22 0.110] 0.108<f 0.106. 0.1047 0.10]0 0.10104 0.0996 0.0982 0.0967 0.0951 0.1>9]7 1.1.0923
••
.,
82
90
•• 40 4.36
-t,])
....
...51
..... 8
O.08n
0.0837
0,0827 0,oa1' 0.0806 0,0785 0.0860 0.0848
••
.3 85 86 .7
0,2980
0,2845 0.2n3 0,2611 0.2507 0,20411 0.2321 0.2240 0.2162 0.2091 0.2023 0.1961 0.1901 0:18<16 0.1793
.. ••
., ••
92
.J .5 .6 .7
•. 05
4.02 3.57 3.5. 3.52 3 .• 9 ] .• 7 ] .• 5 3 .• 2 3.40 U8 3.]6 ~.
58
5. 60 61 62 6J 65 67
.. .. ..
99 100
••
0,0757 0,0748 0,0740 0.0731 a,On2 0,0714 0,0705 0.0698 0.0691 0.068. 0.0675 0.0668 0.01..61 0.0656 O.0604e 0.Q6.41 0.06]5 0.0628
Ejemplo; Poro dividir uno clrcunferenclo de )20 mm. de redtc. en 28 penes Iguoles. mulhplicord por )20 10 longilud de 10 (uerdo 0.2204 ,ndicodo en 10 loblo poro 28 divisiones Aberluro del com pas
se
mm.
-120 -
-121-
ELEMENTOS DE TRIGONOMETRIA
SENCILLAS A B A D G A A C F B _, -E B C C E H 0 G E H SOLUCIONES DEL TRIANGULO RECTANGULO b = Base a Perpendicular = Radio = 1 = Sene = Coseno H = Tcnqente !::: Cotangente F = Seconte = Cosecante = Sene verso = Coseno verso A = Cuerda
HALLAR CONOCiENDO
REG
LA
fORMULA
Case no
lades
bye
Dtvrdrr
el lado
por el redo
b ~ = cosA
0['.2j:
=
b C b
Sec A
Divld,r
1 por
10 sec A sec A
cos A
cot
sen
Multiplicor
10 cot A par
c! sen
cot
sen
= cos A
sen
A Y '9
Dividir
sen A por
tq
sen T9
-----
cos A
--_
col A
HALLAR CONOCIENDO
REG
LA
FORMU
LA
cosec
Dtvidir
COl 1\ por
cosec A
cot A cosec A
cos A
Angulo
Angulos
Bye
Restor
e! cingula
B del dnqulo
C-B=A
sen A
Restor
el
cccdrcdo
del
sen
Angulo
Angulos
Aye
Restor
el cingula
A del dnqulo
C-A=B
T9 A Lado
C1
10 raiz cuadra-
V 1-=--~
cos A
Angulo
Angulos
Sumor
el dnqulo
el cingula
iI"+B=C a c 1
A
Drvidu-
el lado
par
r.
f
cot A
=Tg
Sene A
lodos aye
Se divide ellado
a por ellodo
=senoA
COl A
Dividir
1 par
col A
1 --~T9A
Cosec A
--
cosec
senoA
sec A
-=senA sen
sen A
Multiplicar
sec A por
sen
sec
Ax
sen
~ T9 A
T9 Y cos A
TgA
A Y cos
Dtvtdtr
sen
A por
cos
--~T9A
cos A
sen
T9 Y sec A
=sen
A sec A
Y cosec
Drvtdtr
sec
A ocr
cosec A
~-:_-~=TgA
cosec A
Cos y cot A
Se divide e! cos A por 10 cot A Restor el cuadrado del cos A Qe 1 Y extrcer 10 rciz cuadrado
del reate
Coseno A
sec A
~/
~;·;-A~
Tg
-122 -
-123 -
HALLAR
CONOOENDO
REG
LA
FORMULA
HALLAR
CONOCIENDO
REG
LA
1--COl A
Lodes
b Ya
Dtvtdtr
lodo
por lode a
= cot
cosec A
lodas c
Sen A
T9 A Drvtdtr 1 por T9 A
Tg A cosec
=<.01 A
Mulliplicor
x cos
col A
=
secA'ITgA Dividir sec A por Tg A
-------~---------------+----------cos A Y sen A Dtvtdtr (as A por sen A cos A ______ sen cosec
A sec A A
---
sec A Tg A
= cosec A
col A
colA'IcosA
A = cot A
Dtv.dtr col A por cos A Sumar 1 01 cuadrado de \0 col A 'I extraer 10 raiz cuadrado de 10 sumo
b
cot A --cos A
= cosec A
cosec
AY
sec
Drv.drr cosec
por sec
-----+---------+---------1
cosec
A
col A
V cot A; + 1
( -:- b
cosec A
r---+--------,_-----------------,-----------Sec A
V cosec A ~.~:::--:1'"'~col A
Lodos c 'I Seno verso A cos A
0_-
Se resto el lodo b del lodo c Y el resto se divide por el lado c Se restc el coseno A de 1
= sene-verso
Lodes
,yb
sec
I
cosec
= seno-verso A
c-a
1-cosA
f.--------(OS
1 ____ cos A
sccA
Lcdos
c 'I
Se restc e! lado a del c y el restc se divide por el lado c Se restc el seno A de 1 Multiplicor e! sen de 10 mitad del cingulo A por 2 y por e! radio del lado c Se resta el cuadrado del lado b del cuadrado del lado c y se extrce 10 rclz cuadrado del resto Multiplicar lado c por sen A
--, = cos-verso
1 - sen A = = cosenc-ver so A
f'
A
'(1
Cue-do A
't, sen
2c sen!.... = cuerda A 2
f--------------A rot A
--------COS~(
Drvrdrr
(OS('C
A par
(at
-----
A -_.--- -- --cot A
sec A
Lado n
Lados c y b
~=\adoa
-----------
Sumor 1
at:
CUOdi
T9 A
T9 A
orto
oc
~/T9A·~,-:-1 -
sec A
lado
c y sen A
c X sen A
= lado
10 sumo
124
-125-
TRAZADO
HALLAR CONOCIENDO REG LA FORMULA
PARA ANGULOS
DE PRECISION
Lode
Lado
b y T9 A
Multiplicar
lodo
b par T9 A
b x T9 A
= lado a
=Iodoa
No es posible realizar el trazado cor redo de un angulo strvlendcse de un transportador ccrrtente, y a efectcs de extremcr 10 maxima precisi6n se recomienda e! uso de un senerllc Instrumento que lIamaremos «Regia de senos», las dimensiones usuales para su conslrucci6n y delalles del manejo, se indican a continuaci6n.
Lodo
by
cot A
Drvidtr
lado
par cot A
_b_ cot A
Lode c
cosec A
cosec
--.!.-=
A
ladoa
Lado b
Ladas
(Y
~~;
= lode
pIanos
galgas Blocks.
Lado
y cos A
Multlplicor
lc do ( par cos A
c x cos
= lado b
Con el fin de pcder ulilizar cualquier sene de esccnttllcnes de que se disponga. tanto en pulgadas Inglesas como milfmetros. 10 dimensi6n C es igual a 10 pulgadas. equivalente a 254 milimetros. y 0 = 1" = 25." mm .• siendo 10 f6rmula H=C x senc s;
Lado
y cot A
Muitiplicor
cot
lado
«a»
Lode n y T9 A Drvidtr lodo a par T9 A ~T9 A = lodob
Tabla para determinar en grados. t0.1745 4,431 1· 0.3490 8.864 11· 1.0791 51.809
10 altura
,.
u-
..
H en pulgadas
S· 0.8716 n,1)8
..
y millmetros
7· 1.1187 30,954
0.5l34 13.194
0.6976 16.9)7
1.0453
1.3917
Lodo c y sec A
Dtvtdf r lodo ( par sec A Sumor los cuadrados de los 10des a y b Y extrcer 10 rciz cuadrado de 10 sumo
Multiplicor lcdo
-'-=Iadob sec A
'.:;1·
11·
,4-
16.550
1.7564 70.011
15·
1.5881 65.740
,.. ".
17·
'5.'''' 'Bl.O901
78.4'11 l8"
1.5643 39.m
.. ,..
1.1495 57,137
1,91)7
74.161
Lado c
Ladas a y
= lodo c
11·
3,7461 95.150 11· 5.1991 114,599
nl.907' 99.145
91.015
5.1504 130.820
Lado
y sec A
par sec A
b x sec
= lode c
11· 5._
138.n.
...
4.ll61
'06,145
5:7158 145.689 .5· 7,0711 179.605
Lado a
cosc A
a X cosec A = lado c
• t166.639
41·
6.6913 169.958
'.5606
.,. ....
5,5919
15·
16·
'17
406,4l79 163,268
141.034
'Sl.86l
6,'566 156,377
6.1931 159.847
Lado a
sen A
Dtvtdir
6,820 171,ll8
177.128
......
Cuando
el valor
de
« sea
en grados H=C
10 f6rmula
general
Lado b cos A
Dlvtdtr
Ejemplo: a= 30" 45', Seno tt= 0,51129 (vease tobias trigonom,tricas), H 254 X 0.51129 129.867 mm. H 10 x 0.51129 5."29 pulgGdGs.
-126 _
-127 -
SENOS
Segundos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Seno O,()()()()()48 0,0000096 0,0000145 0,0000193 0,0000242 0,0000290
DE SEGUNDOS
c:
Segundos 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 JJ 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Seno 0,0001018 0,0001066 0,0001115 0,0001163 0,0001212 0,0001260 0,0001309 0,0001367 0,0001406 0,0001454 0,0001502 0,0001551 0,0001599 0,0001648 0,0001699 0,0001745 0,0001793 0,0001842 0,0001890 0,0001939 Segundos 41 42 43
44
Seno 0,0001987 0,0002036 0,0002084 0,0002133 0,0002181 0,0002230 0,0002278 0,0002327 0,0002375 0,0002424 0,0002472 0,0002521 0,0002569 0,0002618 0,0002666 0,0002715 0,0002763 0,0002811 0,0002860 0,0002908 30' 24",
"Q
.....
.2
c
OJ
U'>
-o
00 N -.0
M M
"<t..-
r-,
U'> 00 00
r-,
M
r-,
N U'>
0 ~ '" -o 0
U'> N
-o
00
00
"<t-
..0 .f
'" '"
"<t-
-e-e-
r-,
r-,
U'>
r-,
N U'> N
OO
0 ..-
0 r-,
o-.
r-, 0
-o 0 q
'"
,.
N U'>
....
.;
-o
U'>
.s
QJ
OJ
'" ~
M
"Q
-0
"Q "Q
QJ
45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
o.eocons
0,0000387 0,0000436 0,0000484 0,0000532 0,0000581 0,0000630 0,0000678 0,0000727 0,0000775 0,0000824 0,0000872 0,0000921 0,0000969
:E
t (l£~ t:: I~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~
0'> N ., 0'>
"
'v
QJ
II
~
II
>
..-
-::::., ~
"
Qj v 0
0'>
c:
0
M
..0
U'>
~ o-
..-
'"
r-,
..- .,.;
;:;
N O
00 N
U'>
-o
00
0
.f
..-
U'>
....-
'"
'" ~ .....
r-, "<t"<tM
00
~ r-, ~
00
..-
.f
N 00 00 N
'"
~
1:0
..0
'"
.....
"l
'" ~
OJ
:E
"
"':
M
L;.tll'l;' ~~
n
_-::::.,....:..n
~".f ""
M
"<t"
~ l! ~
"<t'" r-,
IN I ~ 0'>
.o,~~-::::.,
~ N
Para cuanda sea preciso operar con segundos, como, por ejemplo.15 se
utilizaro esta
tobla.
=
contidodes.
U'>
'"
r-, N
00 N
00 ..- "<t.....
U'>
0 00 r-,
..;
"<t-
r-,
M -o -o r-,
..-
U'> 00
..-
..- ..-
00 N
00
r-,
-e'" '" -o
M
o-
U'>
'"
.."
1:0 -e'"
00
"<tr-,
M M
"<tr-,
U'>
~ ~ ~ ,.., ..00
-o o-o
0 r-, r-,
...
'"
Constonte_ para 20 a 300: 0.0000045. )0 0400: SO a 60°: 0,0000026. Sene de segundo ccrreqtdc Correction:
c
= Constante =
Ejemplo: 41° 30' 24", Seno: 41~ 30' 0.66262. Seno; 24" 0,0001163. 24 x 0,00000)) 0,000079. Seno : 24" 0,000079 Resumer:: Sene de 11 30' 24"
'J
"Q
= 0,662699
'" :E
0
~ c
~~~ ~ ~
N
M
U'>
N "
M "
U'>
"
r-,
"
-o
t'
I'
"
t'
~k
~I'
~~
128-
129-
AREAS Y DIMENSIONES DE FIGURAS PLANAS, SUPERFICIES Y VOLUMEN DE S6L1DOS: CENTROS DE GRAVEDAD A = AREA
A=
I"~
A = AREA,
d' A = s'
s = 0,7071 d = d
VA
VA
="2
A=
V., (
a- . S=
I"~
A
a'
T
b' 2b c' )' .
bh
1,414 x s
1,414
TRIANGULO ACUTANGULO
Dado
(a
+ b + c)
b) (S c)
V S (S •
a) (S Bh
A = AREA;
A = a~d'-a'
A = ab
= bVd'-b'
d=
v;-+~
a'
A = AREAT
=A ;; b' c) c)
)2
a=~-;=~
b
Dado
S=
11, (a
+b+
= Vd' -
= ~a
OBTUSANGULO
A=
V S (S A
A
a) (S -
b) (S -
A = AREA
A = ab
PAkA" tLOGRAMO
AREA
(a
+ b)
2
"<
.
A t:
b=
~ a be
TRAP~CIO
A = AREA;
a
A =-2-
L
---~--.--.-
'
TRIANGULO
Vb'
+ c'
TRAPEZOIDE
1
A = AREA
A = (H
+ h) a + bh + cH
2
b=Va'-e'
RECTANGULO
-
e=Va'-b
130 -
131 -
F6RMULAS R = 0.577 xL; TRIANGULO EQUILATERO L = 1.732 x R; A= 0.433 x L'= r = 0.289 x L L = 3.464 x r
-----------~--~~~~~~~~~~~
HlP! Al,ur~u
L = 0.868 x R; L = 0.963 x r A·= 3.634 x L' ~ 2.736 x R' = 3.371 x r R A R 5 Radio Radio 4.828 1,307 1.207 0.765 A = AREA del circulo crrcunscrrto del circulo inscrito x 5' = 2.828 R' = 3.314 r X5 1.082 x r x 5 = 0.924 X R x R = 0.828 x r
n = NUMERO DE LADOS
(1
OCTAGONO
•
POLIGO NO REGULAR CrRCULO
A = -AREA;
z
=~; n
A = L2 = 2 R' = 4 x ,2
A=
_n~'
r = 0.688 x L R=1.453x, L2
R=
T VR' - ~ \I" +
;----5-'
4 .
180 -
J.
A=1.nox
PENTAGONO
------------------.--+----~-------------------
S=2
V R' -
-----
A = 2.378 X R2= 3.633 x ,2 A = 2.598 x s' = 2.598 X R2 A = 3.464 x R=s=1.155x, r = 0.866 X s = 0.866 X R
,2
3~14'-6- =
C,~ V o:78S4
133 -
= 0.564
V-_';':
r t: 1.128 \ A
132-
x 3,14~~= 180 1
0,01745" = ~
01 ,1
'I
I
i
p
A -- AREA,
P = PERIM~TR;---
\/".
,=
8h
I.'
'" p>,/
...
"A
",
A:':'
X
X
(0 .- b)
~CD-ij
Y
• A='j,(rf-c(r-h))
;
ib: //
j_;..: -
:~'v
c
.1(
:
.1.
+ 4h'
!*
A =-2----
t=
."PERIj(),
"
--
b HIP log ( :
+ .~ )
A=
'I,
Xy
a
r') = 3,1416(R' -
A = 3,1416(R
+ r) (R -
r) = d) A = AREA
y X la base
r;
= 0,OO87h(R' - r') =
SECTOR DE CORONA CIRCULAR
= ____:::__ (D'-d')=
360
= 0,00218>(D' -d')
CICLOIDE -
f
135 -
= 8r = 4 x d
134-
VOLUMEN
$=
Vv
CUBO
VOLUMEN
V = VOLUMEN
V=axbxc
=(ib
V = (2a CUNA
+ c)bh
6
PARALELEPiPEDO
= VOLUMEN;
A = AREA DE LA BASE
Las f6rmulas
las drees
de las bases
«h» se
PRISMA
entlende
10 base
V = VOLUMEN; S = AREA DE LA SUPERFICIE LATERAL DEL CILINDRO V = 3,1416r'h = O.7854d'h S = 6.2832rh = 3.1416dh A = AREA TOTAL DEL CILINDRO = = SUPERFICIE LATERAL MAs LA SUPERFICIE DE LAS BASES CILINDRO A = 6.2832r(r
+ h)
= 3.1416d('j,
+ h)
VOLUMEN;
= '(, h
X AREA DE LA BASE
de «n» lados; te-
base es un poligono
regular
y R = radio
del circulo
+ h,) + h,)
+ h,) + h,)
PIRAMIDE 136 -.
v=
VOLUMEN;
V = (2/. a3 ± S = (ad
A = AREA
SUPERFICIE
± bx
PORCION DE CILINDRO
r±b USQr mas 0 menos. segun que el areQ de IQ base sec mayor 0 menor que IQ mltcd del cireulo. V
r=
,'rw V~
= 0,6204VV
'
= VOLUMEN;
= 0.7854h(D'-d') = 3.1416ht(D -
r')
AREA TOTAL DE LA SUPERFICIE ESF~RICA Y CONICA = A; V = VOLUMEN 2.,·h V = -3= 2,0944"h; ( A = 3,1416, 2h h)
CILINDRO HUECO
= 3.1416ht(d + t) = = 1.5708ht(D + d)
V=
+ r)
SECTOR ESF£RICU
+ t)
t)
C) +T
C = 2V h(2, -
VOLUMEN;
= 0 .2618d'h = 1.5708ds
SEGMENTO ESF£RICO
3,1416h'(' = l.rh
-})
3,1416h( ~.
+ ~)
+ h'
= 3.1416"
+ h')
s= ~=
.rr:': V"TTn'
C 2Vh(2' =
A = AREA DE LA SUPERFICIE LATERAL DEL TROZO DE CONO; V = VOLUMEN V = 1.0472h(R' + Rr + r') = = 0.2618h(D' + Dd + d') 3.1416 x 5(R + r) = 1.57085(D
5
\
+ d) + h'
h')
CONO TRUNCADO
A= a = R-r; -
=Va' + h'
\, .1 /.
ZONA ESF£RICA -
2.,h
6,1832rh
=V(R-r)'
138 -
139-
V = VOLUMEN V=
"
x -3X
+re,..
= 0.0116"r'
;
1t
h(R'
r')
1.5708h(R'
r')
CUNA
ESF~RICA
= B h(D' + d') =
0.3927h(D'
+ d')
V = VOLUMEN V
-3-(R3 (03
+re
,..)
4.1888(R3 -
6X
ESFERA HUECA
VOLUMEN;
AREA
d3) = 0.5236(0'
d3)
V = 2,:'Rr' = 19.739Rr' =
~m
I
A = AREA;
V = VOLUMEN
=4
A TORO
1t'
X Dd'
= 2.4674Dd'
39.478Rr
+re V = -3-
X abc = 4.1888abe
4,,'Rr
= ,,'Dd
= 9.8696Dd
\<,2
+re
x b I/a'
+ b2
ELiPSOIDE V = VOLUMEN; V
eurvados
A = ;; PARABOLOIDE
lV (~
P=8i1
+
d2
p'r - psI
BARRIL
v
-
= 0.209h(2D'
140-
141 -
'/)j:1 . ih
C
CENTROS
DE
GRAVEDAD
"
\,
!d
,.
_.ll.
Q=3
TRIANGULO
jJtffi
Solido a
PIRAMIDE_--==
CONO
3(2r-h)' b = h(4r-h)
4(3r -h)
4(3r -h) .
TRIANGULO
Ih;
r$
Supcrficie c6nica a =
A,
'/,h
b = "I,r
~+bx~e~'~
2
Base mayor
0=
MITAD DE ESFERAHUECA
0=
3(R' -r)
8(R"- 1")
SECTOR ESF~RICO S6UDO a=
.11
b=U=
• r'c =)1\=
2rc
8xlxh
= 38.197 r sen 7 ARCO CIRCULAR SECTOR CIRCULAR
It
a=
CUNA
S6UDO
h(R + 2r)
V-W!. _'-----...:._
I
I .---
.~ ~ h(b + c) 2(2b + c)
b_
-
Q X 0, P+Q'
1042-
143-
TORNILLO
AREA
Y POLEA DIFERENCIAL
Q R r P F = Carga. = Brazo de Palanca. = Radio de la rosca. = Paso de la rosca. = Fuerza aplicada en el extremo de la pa/anca. FRICCI6N:
Cilindro
P
6.2832
R;
~ ...__---,--'''-----_-"
F6RMULA ESTIMANDO EL COEFICIENTE en direcci6n
X (" X
P
DE FRICCI6N:
X
a = 3 h; 5
3n
Para movimiento
a Q: r P r P
+ (" X
opuesto
_!_
R !_ R
a Q:
X
P + 6.2832 X 6.2832 x r -
I" X I" X
DIFERENCIAL ~~(~~i6n. b
o~.
I"
III
........ 10 ,
b='/,x3,1416xh
~/~_ Porci6n de elltndro hueco R'-r'
P = 2Q xi1= F x R = T(R-r)
Q F = P(R P = 2Q x 19 ~ h 1
\'lb
-
i'~
a=
Px
2b = T
P col
'/16
X 3,1416 X
R3 _
r"
r)
2R p=2xFxR
Con (ricci6n.
R-r
-145 -
PALANCAS
TIPOS DE PALANCAS Pxl F=-LP=.-,L = P+ F
RUEOAS
F r
POLEAS
F x R = P x r; PX r F = -R-
t
P x aP
FxL
p =Jf;
x,
Fx a
Fx L
f'
Pxa L= P-F
rL
p
~1
FxL P=--IFxL =-P-
FxR P =-r-;
PXr R=-F-;
FxR r=-p-
FxL=Pxl; =-F-'
Pxl
I'~F=-:
= se~x
'F
I
p
I
\
Fx L= P x I r:
= .-.-L-'
Fxa
Pxl
P=--,-
FxL
n = Nomero
F= Pxsec> 2 f'=2xFxcosx
• I
Pxa L=FT=-F-'
PX/.
I~ i:t=:r'
:r=
F F
1= F-P
=-P-
Fxl
'I
r.
F ~ P
Pxa+P'xb+P"xc
:r
F=_!_XP
n
-146 -
1-47-
CALCULO DE ENGRANAJES
INTRODUCCI6N
Uno de los mas importantes
ELEMENTAL
en las mdquinas es el
medios de movimiento
sistema de engronojes; estos se clasifican como sigue: Destinados a transmitir mevrmtentc de ejes parole los:
I. Engranajes rectos
0
cilindricos.
Q
medird el paso sobre el Didmetro prlmttivo. ddndosele el nombre de paso c.r , cunferencrcl. Y u. por ejemp!o. tenemos que un engranaje tiene 10 mflimetros de paso, este sera medido en el Dicrnetro primitivc. correspondiendo 5 mtlimetros 01 espesor del dtente y 5 milimetros 01 espcc!o entre dos dientes. EI paso circunferencial este dodo, y 10 longilud del Didmetro prtmittvo des. arrollada depende-d del numero de dtentes del engranaje EI Didmetro pr-imitive desarrollado es igual 01 paso, multtphccdo per el nGmero de dientes. P x N P = Paso circunferencial. N
=
ejes paralelos.
de ejes perpendiculares:
III. Engronajes de cadena. Destlnados fransmltlr movimlento IV. Engranajes c6nicos. V. Tornillo 5ln~fin y su rueda,
Numero
.. EI Diumetro
. .. prtmtuvo.
--"-0---;-
.P
xN
:-: = 3.1416.
VI. Engronojes helicoldales a eJes perpendiculares. ENGRANAJES RECTOS este paralelo, se puede imaginor el mon'aje de dos cilindros frotendc uno sobre el ofro (figura 1). Silo adherencia de los dos cilindros es suflcjente, 10 rotaci6n
Para transmitir un movimiento circular continuo de un eje
Q
M6oULO
Se senoia que para todo cdlculo de Dicrnetro primitivo M6dulo, siendo este igual 01 paso dividtdo por ),1416. etrc que M
=
intervendrci
el factor
P J,1416;
Modulo no sera nunca un nutompoco . este inconque para un juego es fraccionaria. 105 multiples de :-: en del sistema de Modulo etc., veces el numero
trensmfnde por uno de ellos pondrd en movlmiento circular continuo al otro, en sentldo inverso del primero. Con este sistema los deslizamlentos son l6gicos, y para evitar esto, se proveen las superficies en contacto de dientes, engranando los unos con los otros; una parte de cada diente se establece al Interior del cillndro 1150, y la otra al exterior; el cilindro liso en realldad desaparece, pero no es Diometro primitivo esl, sino que subslste sobre 105 trazos. Fig. I Esta es la norma fundamental de todo engranaje y se Ie denomlna cfrculo primitivo; este circulo es el punto de partida para el cdlculo de engranajes. La formula para determlnar e! Didmetro del circulo prlmltlvo es: M6c1ulomuillplicado por el •• mero de dle.tes: Op = M X N.
Si se toma para el paso un numero enter-c. el M6dulo mere entero, y, por consiguiente, el Didmetro prtmittvo ventente es particularmente molesto porque Hevc consigo de engranajes 10 cote de distcncic entre ejes y dtdmetros Para veneer esta dificultad se toma como paso Circular lugar de tomar numeros enteros, slendo tan simple 10 regia que no consiste en mas que el paso contiene una, dos, tres, del M6dulo multiplicado por ),1416. Ejemplo' Paso del Modulo num. 5. = 15,708
5 x J,1416
Paso.
He cqul una formula sencilla para encontrar el Modulo de un engranaJe; se mide el Dicimetro exterior y este se divide por el numerc de dientes que tenga el engranaje, aumentando dos dientes. ~ De
Didmetro
exterior;
N = Num.
de dientes
=~
N
+ 2'
~t10 mill-
que
mide
=-
Numero
de dlentes.
---a2
son:
410
= Modulo
PASO CIRCUNFERENCIAL
Los engranajes 'pueden tener Infinidad de tamaftos, y se preclsa definlr una unldad de medlda; la manera mds simple estd caraderlzada por el paso. y ~ste Ie determlna por la dlstancia de un punto de un dlente a otro correspondlente al dlente slgulen". Como ya se dijc, 105 engranajes pueden estar aslmllados a dos cillndros 11101 correspondlentes a los Didmetros prlmltlvos; por tanto. 5 a
Los formulas
generales M
del M6dulo
P J,1416
=~
Dp
De N
+2•
primi-
y, como yo se dijo, 10 ventaja de este sistema reside en que el Dicimetro tivo y Didmetrc exterior son siempre numercs enteros.
-1048-
- 149-
DIMENSIONES
DE LOS
DIENTES
EN
FUNCI6N
DEL M6DULO
sino que los dtentes estdn tombren relacionados con el ; las diferentes partes de
p.
('qura 2.
il
L = Altura de 10 cabeza del diente. Altura del pie del diente. R = Radio del pie del diente. P = Paso circunferencial. = Espesor del diente. = Espacio entre dientes.
furrrlu!{(s
En funci6n de las dtsnntes exigencias de 10 construcclon moderna de mdqut nos y elementos de trcccion. fue precise estudiar engranajes de elevadas condiciones de reststenctc. modificando los angulos de presion. y uno de los que primero se ccnecte fue el diente «Stub ». traducido 01 espcjicl «diente sin punta». Esta innovcclon se debe a 10 coso americana Fellows Shaper Co., que en 1899 cpltcc este sistema a dtverscs organismos de mcqutncs . su resultado fue excelente, y se generchzc muy lentamente. encontrando su lugar preferente en 10 industria del cutomovil y mdqumcs-herrcmtentcs. Posteriormente 10 coso R. D. Nuttall Co. siguio cnclcgo procedimiento de dentado, marcando sus normas de una manera distinta a Fellows. segun veremos despues; ambos casas muestran una diverse opinion re.lacionada con las alturas de 10cabeza y del pie del diente. a partir (claro estci) del circulo prtrnitivc, y veamosen que conststen esos diferencias, cdvirttendo antes que respecto 10 cingulo de presion existe una completa conformidad. La Common de Normchzacion Alemana (DIN) adopta el sistema de diente «Stub» conservando las alturas normales del diente : tcmbten 10 American Standard en su norma tiene uno ligera venecten. per tanto vamos a comparar los distintos ststemqs tomando por referencia el Dtcmetrcl Pitch num. ~, equivalente 01 Modulo 6.35
2.167 x Modulo.
P=c
+e
= 3.1416
Modulo.
e = 0.5 x P.
c = 0.5 x P
= Dicimetro exterior.
= Dp
2M.
+ 2).
-----T-
= Drdmetrc interior,
SISTEMA
Dtemetrcl
PITCH
4
-e
c
-; ·ii
r--e
0'0
a. "'" 200
ENTRE
EJES 0
DE DOS RUEDAS
Fellows
5'"
4
0."3927
0,"200
0,"250
0,"450
es igual a .10 mitad de 10 sumo de los Didmetros pr-imitives. Nuttall 0,"3927 0,"1963 0,"2355 0."4318
+ dp
22'
=N
2Qo
2O"
FORMAS
DE LOS
DIENTES
150-
Referente a los corocteristicos fundomentoles que deben conocerse sobre estes sistemas son los siguientes: Norma Fellows. los numerodores representon 01 Diemetre! Pitch por el que se determino el Didmetro prirnitivo. y los deno,!,inodores el Diometrol Pitch que servird para determinor los alturas de los dientes
Formulas:
Didmetro
primitivo Dldmetro
Ncmero de dientes
Diometrol Pitch
Numero
de dientes
X Paso
3,H16
exterior
= Numero
+ 1.6
Dtumetro
prtrnnivo Dicimetro
Espesor
del diente
en el Didmetro
primitivo
Didmetro
primitivo
+( 2
x De"nominodor
~iometrol
Pitch
)"
oqui
y conviene a pesor
0
presente
Altura
de 10 cabeza
del diente
Denominodor Nuttal
Diometral
Pitch
trobojon
normolizor
mejore
mencionorse.
de tenerse frcncesc.
Norma
reolizodo sfendo
C. N. M. [Ccmrte
20
0 •
de Ncrrnchzcctcn
e! cuol
Formulas
yo 10 industria
cuyo fundomento
Altura
de 10 cabezo
del diente
0.250 x Paso
cf
rcunferenciul.
Altura
del diente
= 0,75 x M6dulo.
X
M6dulo.
DE l()O DE IS·
Drcmetrcl
Pitch =
«STUB»
"
COMPARADO
EL DIENTE
NORMAL
3.1416
Paso circunferenciol Norma American = Diometrol Pilch
_
-
Altura
de 10 cobezo
del diente
Altura
= Diometrol
Diometrol
Pilch =
3,H16
Paso circunferenciol = Oiometrol Pitch
Diente
normal
en un pin6n
de
10 dientes.
-151-
-153
aVi~ci~n. y ctrcs cpltcccrones especiaJes, y sv usc mas generaiizado es engranajes helicoidales con ejes parolelos. Se clasifican en tres grados:
Clase A. Precision, engranajes de 600 metros por minute.
con una velocidad peri(erica que exceda con una velocidad peri(erica de 230 corrientes. con una veiocidad
~/a~e C: Tlpe comerctql para engranajes pef'lfef'lca In(erior a 360 metros por minute.
Clase A. - PRECISION
Dimension a calcular Dlente «Stub» en un pift6n de 10 dientes. Finalmente. en el mayor deseo de dar a conocer todos los tipos de engranajes extstentes. indicaremos un procedimienfo que revoluciona fodo 10 hasta ahora de uso normal; se trata de un perfil de diente de inmejorable resultado. muy poco conocido. pero muy aplicado: este es el sistema Bostock y Bramley. cuya aplicaci6n principal es: engranajes reductores de velocldad. muy especialmente utllizados en la propulsi6n de buques accionados por turbinas de vapor. Sus caracteristicas son notables. como podro observarse en los graficos que se publican en la coleccl6n de datos sobre engranajes de este hbrc, las cuales muestran dlversas comparaciones relacionadas con la cremallera. diente normal de 15· y 2()O y el sistema de que se trata. puede verse la zona de rodadura y desIizamiento. apreci6ndose la enorme ventaja sobre todo otro sistema 0 norma de dtente, que trate de cumplir la aplicaCi6n especial aSignada a ~ste. puede observarse que el DI6metro primitivo se encuentra en 10 pre, xi midad del pie del diente en el pin6n, y en la casi terminaci6n de 10 cabeza del diente en la rueda y cremallera, por tanto. nada se hizo en materia de engranajes can las caracteristicas del diente tan originales como este sistema Bostock y Bramley.
Tembten
t-----.--
--------_ ~
-_
Clase B.-ALTA
CLASE C.-CLASE
COMERCIAL
0.3183 x Circular Pitch Altura del pie del diente Altura total del dtente. 1.25 DiametraTPTich ~
...
0.]979 0.7162
2.25
Otro perfil de diente que alcanza una gran aceptaci6n. utilizdndose mucho, es el «British Standard»; este perfil tiene un 6ngulo de 2()O y su aplicaci6n principal es: engranajes de tracclbn. cajas redueteres para turbinal de vapor en -154 -
Trazado "British Standard" para el perfil del diente en la cremallera y fresas para tallar este sistema.
Engranajes
Close B. - Alta
close.
Secc.o»
de los d,entes
para
p,nones.
Multlpllcar
los valores
dados
In
--
~~
--
.....
--
4)
-0
e: e .~ E L-
.....
4)
i
I
u
--_
e:
4)
>-Z
E e LCO
-0
g
4)
4) >- ..... 4)
e:
4)
o
L..
e:
4)
-0
-0
-0
e~ .::to
4)
II
e EoE :::l 4)
4)
£%:
:::l
.....
0
In
O~
'"
"
N
L..
-0
-0
"
L..
o
e:
CO
0
4) ..... 4) e
In
o u
'" .....
4) 4)
In
e:
4)
.....
0
4)
e:
-0
-0
.~
.....
4) L-
-:J
e:
0
e:
o M
-0
e:
4)
M
4)
-0 '0
'.
e:
e: '0 Ie:
·u
0 C"'I
4)
a:
e -0 Lee
0-
E
L-
UZ
-158 -
- 159-
---------,
o .... C
v
V .... C
VI
I
,0 0-'
o
VI
N V
:::J -0 -0
o ...
o
v\
-0
;I=>
o
CO
\1
0::
o II
-0 V. :::J 0::
V .... C
VI
v
-0
"'" II
-0
IC C
VlOVlC'lCO'-DVI"'C'lC'I-C'lOOCOCO C'lC'IC'IC'I---_-'-D--'-D-VlO
VI
~~6~~~~~~~~6~~~~
C'lC'IC'I---------
o,
"..,NNNM-----------
---------------'
160 161-
eI)
~I~
10:
Formulas para enqr cncjes sequn norm as Inglese y cmerrccnc. en Iunc.on del diornetrul PITCH Y circular PITCH Diamelral, PITCH. nombre bc]o e! que se comprende e! no mero de dientes per pul9o~a Ingleso en el dtdmetro prtrrunvo. Ejemp!o: A uno rueda de 84 dtentes que mid a 14 p~Jg~dQS de dtdmetro prtmtttvc Ie corresponde 6 dientes per pulgoda; por constqutente. el diametral PITCH es = 6. Circular PITCH, se. comprende el paso circular del diente en medida Inglese sabre el circulo prrmit t'vo. PITCH, troducido 01 espcfiol = PASO.
0 el)
~
Formulas segun
efdicmetrn!
PITCH
I eII
0.. 0
Formula
a..
C ~
."
PITCH P
Circular
P=
PITCH P'
Dicmetrcl
:;
."
'0 Qj
> t=
~ ~
E
>..
PITCH P'
Numero de dientes
PITCH P
Numero de dtentes
P=
-p-,-
.!:! a:: .~ ..
.r:.
N PITCH OIAMETER o
Me" 0"
N=OxP-2 0=0-25
N N 25 P PITCH OIAMETER
(Dremeteo primitlvo)
N=
a..
~
:;
u
0
~
.£ 0 a;
.. ...= 'u
E 'jE
[Didmetro
primitivo)
0
Dlemetro
o
0= O=~ W=
=p~ 0+
0= 0= 0
0
Didmetro
~ I-
.. .... Ea
'ti
Qj <: ':::>
.!:! .~
EXTERIOR 0
Altura total del dienfe
EXTERIOR 0
Altura total del diente
0+25
W
Altura de 10 cabeza
2.157 P
W
Altura de la ccbeze
E a
1 5 = pT= 1.5708
p
5
Espesor del diente
5=
'"
..
til
----NNNN~~~"'~~m~o
"
T
Distancia entre centros
T
Dtstenete entre centros
T='2
C= C=~
N+ n 2P 2 -
C=
C 163 -
(N + n) x P' 6.2832
Detalles para el uso del calibre especial para medir dientes de eflgranajes
d.
dientes
Ncmerc
d.
dientes
Numerc
d.
dientes
be
~
1.570 1.570 1.570 1.570 1.570 1.570 1.570 1.570 1.571
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17
18
zs:
24
19 20 21 22
25 26 27
Los vclores de esto tobla son para hater 10 correcci6n por el numero de drentes. hasta 45. siguiE:ndo 10 diferencic entre 10 cuerda y el orco; Q portir de 45 dientes. esto diferencte es instqniflccnte, y. por tanto, dentro de 10 mas extqente tolerancio. Para determtnc r los vclores de fljccion en el calibre (altura de 10 cebezo. ab, y espesor, be) cuondo los ruedos se odopten 01 sistema de Modulo, los vclores ab y be se multiplicon por el Modulo con que se t-ete de construir el enqrcnc]e, EJEMPLO: Determinar 10 fqcctcn del calibre para medir los dientes de una rueda de 25 dientes tallada con el Modulo 5. ab altura de la cabeza del diente : la tabla indica 1.025 x 5 = 5.125. be = espesor del diente en el circulo primitivo; 10 tabla indica 1.570 x 5 7850 N
P
M Dp
A B C D
Altura
normal.
Nurnero de dientes. Paso Modulo. Didmetrc primitive. Espcc!c entre dientes. Cuerda. Flecha del areo. Altura del diente a partir del dicimetro primitivo = M.
FORMULAS
90 N Dp
x sens
cos ") 2
Dp (1 ab = L be = 5. ab
F.
Pure
dentaduras
tntertores.
L-
F.
-lM-
165 -
Mum. de dientes 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38
Dlentes pares. Factor F. Angulo de presi6n 14'/,· 12,415 14.436 16.454 18.468 20.482 22.493 24.502 26.512 28.520 30.526 32.532 34.536 36.542 38.547 2()O 12.413 12.428 16.+40 18,450 20.458 22.465 24,470 26.475 28.481 30.484 32.487 34.491 36.494 38.496 25· 12,431 14.+42 16.450 18.458 20.463 22.468 24.472 26.475 28.479 30.482 32.484
Num.
de dientes 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 53 M6dulo 6 6.5 7 8 9 10 11
de pres~~_... __ 2()O 11.258 13.302 15.335 17.359 19.378 21.394 23.406 25.417 27.427 29.435 31.+42 33.+49 35.454 37.460 39.463 41.467 43.472 45.475 55,486 Modulo 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 25· 11.277 13.318 15.347 17,368 19.384 21.398 23.409 25.419 27.427 29.433 31,439 33.+44 35.+48 37.453 39.455 41.458 43.463 45.465 55.474 Fodor K 1.954 1.814 1.696 1.587 1.411 1,270 1.155 1.058 1.016
34.486
36.488 38.489
I,,_,',
i--'I"I''1
'
\..1 ~1~lt.:!I'U
vvu
'I",'\U
JulidL
40.553
42.557 +4.561 54.576
40.499
42.502 +4.503 54.510
40.491
42.492 +4.493 54.498
el Modulo 0 Drcmetrcl Pitch Ingles. Deben prepororse dos bur-res (on ones discos esfencos que puedon svstttu.r las bolos, y cuyo detolle se indica en el dfbu]o. los did metros mas convententes se determmaran por lo!. sigulentes for-mules
Q
40
42 52
11.256 13.307 15.348 17.376 19.400 21.420 23.437 25.452 27.464 29.476 31.485 33.495 35.503 37.511 39.516 41.523 43.529 45.534 55.554 Fodor K 4,233 3.906 3.628 3.175 2.822 2.540 2.309 2.117
PARA
Drcmetro
[l
1150
1.750 Diamefra!
EI factor K sera et que perfenezca 01 modulo que se uti lice sequn tabla Despues se precede a determiner 10 dimension D sobre rodi!los esfertcos. cuyo formula es:
2
2.25 2.5 2.75
PARA
EL SISTEMA
D en mm.
=
DE MODULO
-KF x 25.4
12
24
25
= --~-~metre! Die
ADVERTENCIA
Para espescres
IMPORTANTE
EI factor F sera el que pertenezca. en functon de numero de dientes y ongulo de presion sequn tabla. EJEMPlOS: Pinon de 26 dtentes. Modulo 5. Angulo de presion. 14 Peeler F = 28.520 Faclor K = 5,080 La conversion del modulo y diametral M = Modulo M= es 10 siguienfe DP Drcrnetrc!
I .,'
de las ruedas helicoidoles, en 10 correcci6n de ajuste del calibre, deben tomarse los volores a. b, c. por el numero de dientes ficticio NF. segun 10f6rmula: NF = Num. de dientes
COSl~
Pitch
-i5P166 -
25,4
DP = _2,S,~
M normal.
MEDICION POR
Tabla funcion
K en
y cingulo de presion.
SU 45
usa
Ndm. PRESION 22· 30' DE 18 27 36 45 54 63 81 ENGRANAJE 12 17 25 33 41 49 57 65 = = = = = = = = 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 12 15 22 30 37 44 52 59 = = = = = = = = 14 21 29 35 43 51 58 65 C. 25·
M6dIJlo. Pow Espccto entre d,ente, E,pt',or del dienle. Profundidaddel dienle
Ndm.
de dientes. DE
de espectcs.
=4
20DIENTES 12 = 19 = 28 = 37 = 46 = 55 = 64=72 73 =
C
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
= 21 = 32 = 42 = 53 = -64 = 74 = 85 = 96 C
MOdulo. Peso .. EspaCio entre dientes. Espesor del dienle. Profundidaddel d'enle.
mm
" »
»
, ,
....
5,5 17,28
....
11,92
M
It
= Modulo_
de dientes Formula K~ general
= Espccios.
N ::::;:Ncm.
1 = Angulo de presion
,,=
cingulo
Y = Num. Angulo
de espacios
MOdulo Peso ..
18,84
6,5
de presion.
n.56
11,78 16.25
11 37,7 18,85 26
MI1I'(Y +~.
Formula
) co. «+ paro
cos «(190:
,.
43,98 21,99 30,33
..
11 56,55 28,27 19
"
'"
n
69,12 34,56 47,67
K.~
11 87,96
100,53 50.26
K~
60.'
43,98
..
125,66 62,83
..
".3
169 -
'I
como
un solido
10 base, soportondo
de 10 cabeza el por tanto. se si un solo teoria diente esta
no
el esfuerzo
poro M6dulo 11 y mayores N." 411'1. para ruedas de 23- 25 dientes » S· » 26- 29 » » 5 lIt » 3()" 34 »
»6 » 6 'I. »7 » 7'/, »
en Prlcdelfia. para
materia fue dodo a conocer el 15 de octubre de 1892. y todo cuanto se resolver los cdlculos en los casos cornentes tanto,
»
» »
» » »
en el grado
generales,
PITCH»
0
DESIGNACION
Si el calculo para engronojes se efectue segun Diametral numerc de (resas por juego es como sigue:
Circular
Pitch. el
Presion diente V Velocidad
0
esfuerzo perifertca
8 fresas por juego. utilizadas para Diametral Pit"", 16·1' /. N.o 1 para ruedas de 135 dientes a cremallera N.O 5 para rued as de 21·25 dientes »2 » SS-IH dtentes »6 » 17-20 »
»3 »~ » » 35- S~
en Kg.
0
p=
.~~ V
26- H
» »
»7 »8
»»
1+16 12-13
I
» »
en
metros
v « ~~~=
60
--P--
7S
Pitch 2 It .. 1
M
Fuerza en C. V. (caballos transmitir. MOdulo. Espesor del diente del diente. del diente. de reststenc,c de seguridad
prtmitrvo
de vapor)
Nem. 1r para ruedas de 135 dientes a cremallera N,o 11/. para ruedas de 80-13-4 dientes para ruedas de 21-25 dientes N."S
» » 2
2'/. »3
» » »
'I.
~·I.
» » » » » »
»
» » »
» » » » »
5'/, 6 6'/, 7 8
»
ulfimas
» 7 'I.
» » » » » » porque
» »
_H
b·
Altura Ancho
14 13 12
»
» » »
w
C Dp N
i=
(ve c se tabla
VCX132
de volores C)
Se advierte de M6dulo.
se dan can
a conecer a
en America
xV
las fresas
numero~
Ncmerc
de revotuctones por
170-
-171
18 a 19 Kgs. rnrn-
4-5 9 - 10
moldecdo.
Acero al carbon~:
14 -17 24 - 27
27 - 31
PC = Profundidad de penetrncron de la cernentccton que deben tener los dientes M = Modulo_ Modulo PC mm. Modulo PC mm.
Ni = 1 % Ni = 1.5%
24 - 28 31 - 42 5-6 10 16 3
pldstlccs. fenolita.
etc.
1.5
Valores C. basados en los limites de elcsncrdcd de los diversos materiales a ernplear. y estdn comprendidos entre 70 a 80 de la resistencia a la trcccion,
. 1.3
se opliccrd la siguiente
FORMULA
MX
n
2
-
15 100
= 0.235 x M
172-
173 -
-r-----;;;-;;-C"~-- -.---a I
~ ~,5 a 7 De 0,02 a 0,03 7 a 10 De 0,03 a O,O~ Mayordel0 De 0,05 a 0,06 De O,o!S a 0,020
I
Q)
o.ooa
0,015
(!jxcentricidod
CD
Suma
CD
®Error
Holguro entre dientes 15 A, E, 9, mdximo sobre el flanco del diente, derechc 0 Izquierdo. del diente 01 QguJero. respectc
CD
® ®
Parolelismo
Excentricidod maximo entre e! por d ~~~~~e_e~n~9~,a~n~a~le~s' Holgura entre dte nte s :~~ 'S_'_A_, _D_._'_0 ~ __ ~ __ fA\ Error maximo sobre e! flonco \:!J del drente. de-echo 0 izquier do.
(!)
0,10: 0,12 0,05 o.oa -r=-~~~'~~~~~~De 0,05 De 0.020 De 0.03 De 0,004 I a (),OB a 0,060 +-_~-+_a
I,
0,006
o.cos
De 0,008 a 0,010
respecto
l__:_?..:~
LA
i De 0.006
I De
0,01 5 a 0,020
ENTRE
DE51GNACION 1a3 Didmetro exterior 15 A, b .", Drstcnctc entre ejes 15 A. E· a. -0,14 -0,20 + O,02a +0,014
MODULO 3,25 a 5 -0,14 -0,21 + O,03a + 0,020 5,5 a 10 -0,15 -O,2~ + O,~7 + 0,025 Mds de 10 -0,15 -0,26 + 0,059 + 0,032
-----------Duto oc a ISA
EN
DISTANCIA
ENTRE
":"4 .
><,
I
I ••
~ 015
f-~~r)]q+- + 0050
.- -:: ~l'';
: ~
174-
17:;,
FORMULAS
GENERALES
EN
LA
10
Mayor de 10
D. 0.06 Q 0.08 0.20 D. 0.05 Q 0.16 0,Q2 De 0.07 Q O,Q3
CD
@
Suma
dientes. el par
Excentricidad
CD
@
0,1
----....,
DESIGNACION
P = Paso. M Dp De D, ( e = Modulo. = Didrnetro prirrntivo. = Diornetro exterior. = Diornetro interior. = Espacio entre dientes. = Espesor del diente.
sabre
0
dtente.
derecho del
Paralelismo
diente
01 cqujero. TOLERANCIA EN LA
h = Altura L = Altura
DISTANCIA EXTERIOR
ENTRE
EJES
Y DIAMETRO
DESIGNACION
MODULO 3
Q
3.5
Altura del pie del diente. R = Radio del pie del diente. A = Distancia entre ejes o centres.
f=
Drc me tro IS A.
exterior
Q
-11.
-0.27 -0.33
-0.27 ~0.34
+ 0.06 + 0.03
+ 0.10 + 0.04
+ 0.12 + 0.05
M = ~=
P = M x ,.
Dp
D..e._
N
T=M x
x
2.167.
1.5708.
h =M A = Dp
M x N.
De = M x (N
~.
+ 2).
+ dfl. _ N + n 2 --2= ~.
(Mini mo.)
L = M. t=Mxl.167
Di
= Dp -
(2M x 1.167).
~.
c=
-. 176 --
2'
= M x 1.5708. -177
0.3 x M
(Maximo.)
"'0
00
e0 0 ec
!...
0 -0
t).() Q)
!... II>
c
0 .... C
Q)
Q)
Q... Q)
E
!... !...
....
Q) Q)
II>
"'0
0
II>
0 0
Z
to::
!...
"'0
I"'l Q)
N
Q)
:J "'0
-1'3
e e
0
U
t).()
:J
"'0
Q) Q..
"'0
0~
....
0
Q)
Q)
II>
LI"'I
.... e
Q) Q)
0
!...
Ie
Q...
II>
0
Q)
II>
:J "'0 "'0
0 0
"'0
Q)
0~
"'0
0
!...
:J "'0
0 .... e
Q)
0
-178 179
CONSTRUCCION
para talla de engranajes
L = Ccbezc
e=
-y-'
P = Paso.
paso
DESIGNACION '/ = Angulo de presion. ~= Angulo de flanco. entre dtentes. de fradel e = Espesor del diente. DP
'1
!=
r=0.3xM.
de 10 rueda. de presi6n.
M ~ Modulo.
c = Espacio CT = Dtcmetrc zado. del circulo
= Drcmetro prlminvo.
= Angulo de complemento.
x DP.
= 0 x 3.1416 X T9 ~;
n
T= h
+1
MOdulo;
~= 1
P=Mx
3.1416; M=
Ii:
P DP 3.1416'=-N=r'f+i;
c
DE
DP=Mx
neutral; II =
N; ~ ;
n = Ncmerc de dientes cortontes de 10fresa. h = Altura normal del diente en 10fresa en funci6ndel
ANGULOS DE PRESION MAS
e = 0,5 x P = DP x Sen
= 0.5)(
P (Holguro
ancho H.
USUALES
'1
= 15"
',=
R, = 0.22 x DP
~~ = R, =
CT = 0.96592 x DP
r).
R, = 0.07 x DP R, = 0.07 x DP
75· R, = 0.33 x DP
I ~
Ruedas " » » »
con mas de 25 dlentes 14 J I. a 20-. de 23 a 25 dlentes 17 'I. a 20-. » 18a22 » 20 a 22·. » 14 a 17 » 22 ', ... » 10 a 13 » 25·. monos do 10 dlentes 25 a 28".
= 140 I/~ »
CT = 0.96815 x DP
0.22 x DP
75~ R, = 0.33
DP
',=
-181
Fresas para tallar engranajes ractas y helicoidalas sobra .. Aquina automAticas de talla continua por el procedimiento de generaci6n
.1iIJ..,.
I
Secc,on
'('01 0
por el paso
ci6n del
dienfe o de la he/ice.
DESIGNACION M = M6dulo.
de = Didmetro exterior. dp = Dldmetro prtmttlvo.
FORMULAS P 3.H16'
M=
DESIGNACION OP
'l.
de
/0
==
DI6metro prrmtttvc.
PR = Paso real
CT ~ Di6metro del clrculc de trazado. r = Radio del pie del dtente. R = Radio para trazado del di~nte. P ~ Paso. c -' Espocio entre dientes. • =-= Espesor del diente.
2.
DE N+2'
PT = Paso del tornillo. I = Alturas de 10 ccbezc y pie del diente (en este coso ambos iguoles). h = Altura total del diente. e = Espesor c = Espuctc del diente. entre dientes.
de = dp + 2 x t. dp = de - 2 x t. t = 1.167 x M. h = 2.334 x M. R = 0.05 x P. PR = M x 3.H16. PT = ~. que sera el paso; cos para roscar en el torno. SP = dp x 3.H16 x cotg v, PR M Seno 1. = ---"'d"p--C:x~3".1'-:4"1-;6- dp "
7.
= Angulo de presi6n.
~ == Angulo de complemento. N
==
Numero de dientes.
• = 0.5 x P; <= = 0.5 x P. DP= M x N. Para :r. = 141/1°; ~ = 751/,,-. CT = 0.96815 x DP. Para = 15·~ 11= 7S-, CT = 0.96592 x DP. Para. = 20"; ~ = 70". CT = 0.93969 x DP. DP R =----s'
'X
\ Dtente normal = 14 I,,". » reforzado = 20:'. normal = 29°. t'i reforzado = 40". T= (PT x 4cotg:>
~= I " \ Diente =I »
r = 0.3 x M (Maximo). Cos. x DP = CT. Para comptementol usar formulas generates. -182 -
-t)x
x 2 x t9 :,.
de X 3 NO = ----v>T' J=h 183-
3 mm.
Paso.
primitivo. exterior.
DP = Dtemetrc DE 01
TT-=.l' '
i
··ff !L;
.t~
~
.. ..J ....
Secc.on del
Didmetrc
T ~I ~
.
02 = Dremetrc mayor
Fie
scbre
j_L.::~::
, ._l
~.
fdetc segun cjc
sin-fin.
FORMULAS
Radio
R = Concavidad rica.
:X
---------------1
DESIGNACION
M = Modulo. n
p M = 3.1416;
Paso para
P=M
el torno
3.1416.
entrada
s; el tornillo
0
= Angulo
N = Namere L = Altura
= Numero
entradas.
del diente. = Altura diente. FORMULAS T'PO A h = Altura diente. M_-P-_~ e = Espesor del diente entre dientes. M_ total del FORMULAS T'PO 8 de! pie del
P = Paso lineal.
rt
del tilete
de = Didmetro dp = Didmetro
L=M; e=2'
x M. 1_1.167xM.
p
(=2'
P
),1416
3.H16
N' x M.
c = Espacio
-1'1'
X M.
DP
d lR F
DE _ (N
DP=NxM.
+ 2) + +
1-----------1
NOTA. Se recomienda de ser la m4s rueda rests-
DE - (N
DP=NxM. D2
+ 2)
Rx x y R
P
~~ Hlete normnl f e 1//. = :~ Hlete reforzado 20°. = ~ Filete para pasos largos
30".
T
del fllete.
01
DE
tornillo simple
et
tipo
empleo A. por
2(
'l(
cos
1-) +
filete.
h = Altura
DE.
(P x cotq :' 4 -
(I
Ix
• x 'g e·
l = Altura
LR =
P x (4,5
tente. zecten.
sencillc
su meccnrse
A = 2.38 simple
01
A
DE
triple
+ +
6 mm .. para
l = Al'uro
e = Espesor e = Espacio ~= Angulo T
del pre del filete. del fllete. entre filetes. del filete.
+ .~~e
di~~tes ~~~}.
y
P
doble
F = P; Nota. torntllos
R = 0.05 x P
Como norma Sin-fin de: actual' en los
y cu6druple.
relaciones rueda
ta-
:Ie
2,38 X P simple
6 m m.
e l tornillo segun
sin-fin de 1-2-3-"
=
=
2.15 triple
5 mm .. para
cuedruple.
y
x
doble.
en el flanco
A=2.1S
triple R = 0.5 r=
P+
dp P.
5
M.
sea el nome-
0.5 x
dp -
M.
mm .. para
rc de flletes.
= Ancho en el fondo del filete y ancho de Ftlete simple y doble. ~ = 29". Ftlete triple y cucidruple, A = 40". 10 punta de 10 cuchilla para roscar.
del filete. flancos. = Angulo total entre
cu6druple.
R = Radio en 10 cebezc E
=
0.25 x
DP
+
2
dp
,;j
Filetes para pasos largos. ~ = 60°. En algunos casos tam bien se uti/iza 40° para. filete simple y doble.
184-
- 185-
3.'
Velocidad
de ruedcs a tornillo
sin-fin compuestas.
=,
del sin-fin
X N.' de filetes
EJEMPLO:
de dientes de la rueda
Tornillo sin-fin A tiene doble filete y gira a 240 revoluciones, la rueda B tiene 80 dientes, el nurnero de revoluciones de esta rueda sera igual
1600 X (1 X 2)
80 x40
240 x2 --8-0-
= 6 revoluciones.
2.' Calcular el nurnero de dientes de una rueda a tornillo sin-fin para una velocidad determinada, conocidos el ruimero de filetes del tornillo sin-fin, y el nurnero de revoluciones por minuto del tornillo y la rueda.
La operaci6n consiste en multiplicar luciones del tornillo sin-fin motriz por mero de filetes de los tornillos, y dividir nurnero de dientes de las ruedas. 4.' puestas. Se opera del modo siguiente: Velocidad de un tornillo sin-fin
FORMULA:
N.' de revoluciones
EJEMPLO:
Si los tornillos nes del sin-fin sin-fin
EJEMPLO:
EI tornillo sin-fin A es de triple filete ygira a 360 revoluciones, la rueda B debe girar a 10 revoluciones, el nurnero de dientes sera:
--1-0-
360 X
3 -
= 108 dientes.
FxD
CX
E= 2X2
-
20x40
186-
Empujes axiales (P) de tornillos sin-fin y sus ruedas girando en diversos sentidos
Sin-fin tr obojondo vobre
10 rueda.
at-a
h'l 'I:'
-~ .4 <D .
I
'WON
DOC D"""
"CON OC '"
OESIGNACION
FORMULAS P = M x 3.1416.
exterior del tornillo del paso. sin-
p~
p~ p-
~p
P M = 3.1416:
de
= Dia.metro
fin
1/10
,=
(=1.167xM: P R=O.05xP.
14
Altura
Sin-fin
trobojondo
debcjo
de 10 rueda
en
10
Irese es
c=T:
10 inverSQ.
e c
1//.
20".
R = Radio de 10 cebeze
filete reforzado
J = Ancho del diente cortante. ~= Angulo en el flanco del diente. 3 = Angulo total entre flancos.
IX
Filete simple
doble 29".
D ,
= Angulo
de inclinaci6n
del fllete
o de la helice.
T
= Ancho en el fondo
ancho de 10_punta para roscar.
Para filete \ T g , = __ P_ = ~. _ simple I dp x • dp Para mas de\ T9 7. =~. un filete I dp x r. SP = dp x 3.1416 X cotg x . de x 3 NO = ~ (aprox.).
entredns.
, = Divisi6n Sin-fin con ftletes roscados a izquierda. Sin-fin. con ftletes roscados a derecha.
T= (
pxcotg~
- 188-
Nota.-Terminada de tal',ar la espiral de corte SP en 10 Iresc. hacer una plantilla del perfil del filete por 10 secci6n perpendicular a la helice. esta plantilla serviro para desto\onor.
-189 -
ENGRANAJES HELICOIDALES
AXIAL
)0 )5.-40
DE LOS-DIENTES
45 50 55 60 65
DE LA RUEDA
70 75 80 8~ 90
10
15
20 25
oparente.
1:1 15,_ 20 25
III
j:-
N ::0::. Numero de dientes. NF = Numero de dlentes fkncte para eleqrr 10 fresa (si se tollo en fresadora
universal).
~ !:::::: r>
k"
.......1:;::::: ~
I--a.; j;:1'
t-
v r- rV
I/:r> V
f7
~ ...
II<
)0 )5
J......- V
V~ 1/ II?'
II
~
/_
:I 40
FORMULAS
Ma=~=EE... P Pr Pr
0='057.=
De N
X
= Dp
N-~ -
+ 2M.
Ma'
X
cos x
Dp
3.1416
N'
X
=
Dp
Pa
cos
=
X
3.1416
7:.
M.
h= NF=_N_=
2.167
:x
M.
Dp
X
M= Ma
cos
N
Ma
3.1416'
Pa
cosa
X
M
X
cosl
7.
~5 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
0<
__.
V II I II I II
II
I
Vi
= Dp
3.1416
.colg •.
o II<
Para engranajes helicoidales a ejes paralelos, se recomiendan los ongulos siguientes: at = 10- para ruedas de pequeflo velocidad; x = 30- para rued as de elevada velocldad; at = "So para ruedas de gran velocidad.
Angulo usual para engfanojes ANGULO Relaci6n Rueda motrlz helicoidales con ejes perpendiculares. ANGULO Relaci6n Rueda motriz DE LA HELICE Rueda receptora
... ~
:I Z
90 95
I(tv
~h
I..
f-..
)
Z~
t--J I
1.....-'
00
05 10 15 20 25 )0
b \.
ivb
,-'Ll>
",)
1 1 1 1 1
:1 : 1.5 :2 : 2.5 :3
1 1 1 1
: 3.5 :~ : ~.5 :5
I V
"
EJEMPLO.· Determinar por el diagrama el nlj· mero de 10' fresa que se necesita para taUar una ruede helicoidal de 52 dientes con un angulo axial de 38 grados. Seguir las fJechas del ejemplo y su concurrencia determina el numerc de la fresa. que en este coso es 10 numero 7. -191 -
-190-
ANaULO
DE LAS
P _ PaSO de 10 hellce.
OP _ Dldmetro Cotangente
11_
prlmitivo. OP P
X
HEUCES
p Grados
).'4'6·
Ruedas hellcoldales con dlametros Iguales y numero de dlenies dlstlnto, dngulo de los eJes 90".
p Grados
DP
0.01 0.02 0,03 0.0< 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.10
del
dngulo 8')0<" 8')0 3S' 82'27' 8')0 16' 89" 5' 88- 5<' 88- <3' 88- 12' 88'21' sa" 11' il8'0'
DP
0.<6 M8 O.SO C.52 O.S< 0,56 0,58 0.60 0,62 0.6< 0.66 0.68 0.70 O,H 0.76 0.78 O.SO 0.82 0.8< 0.86 0.88
del
DP
1.75 1.SO 1.85 1.95 2.00 2.05
del
dngulo 60-5<'
DP
3.85
del
cingula
DP
12.SO 13.00 13.SO '4.00
del
6.ngulo ,4" 7' 13'38' 13' 8' 12')9' n"1)' 11' 50' 11"27' 10--46' 10- 28' 10- 5' 9-5<'
a>o 79-
soso-
8,·19'
58' 36' 14' 53'
013'
3.90
39-'.'
38-53' 38-31' 38'10' 37' <8' 37' 2S' 37' 7' 36"48' 36' 27' 36' 8' 35'30' 3<'''-
1.90
O.O~
0.11
0.12 0.13 0,14 0.15 0,16 0,17 0.18 0,19 0.20
79-11'
'9-32'
2,10
2.15 2.20 2.25 2.30 2,)5 2.<0 2 •• 2.SO 2.55 2.60
87-4"
87'38' 87" 27' 87'16' 87' 5' 86' 5<' 86- 43' 86'12' 86'21' 86"11' 86' 0'
n·,,7'
n'26'
o.n
0,21
o.n 0.23 0.24 0.25 0,26 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.12 0.33 0.3" 0.35 0.36 0,37 0.38 0.39 0,"0 0."2 0 .....
85-"9'
85'38' 85'27' 85'16' 85' 5' 8<'S<' 84' "3' 8<'12' 84'21' &4' 10' 8<' 0' 83' "9" 83'38' 83'27' 83'16' 83' 5' 82- 5.. , 82' "3' 82'22' 82'. 2'
0.90
0.92 0,9" 0.96 0,98 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1,30 1,35 1.<0 1,"5 1.50 1.55 1.60 1,65 1,70
59-12' 58' 52' 5&11' 57-31' 56' 53' 56'15' 55'37' 55' 0' S4" 24' 53' <8' 53'12' 52'37' 52' 3' 51'30' 56' .. 9-
3.95 <.00
",05 ".10
4,15 4.20 <.25 <.30 <.<0 <.60 <.SO 5.00 5.25 5.50 5.75 6.00 6.25 6.SO 6,75 7.00 7.25 7.SO 7,75 8.00 8.25 8.50 8.75 9.00 9.25 9.SO 9,75 10,00 10.25 10,50 10,75 11,OJ 11.25 11,50 11,75 12.00
'4.50
n-12'
2,65
7"·
7), <0'
soso- 23'
2"+4'
15.00 15,50 16,00 16,50 17.00 17.SO 18.00 19,00 20.00 n.so 25.00
Como orlentacl6n para su celcu!e, se indican estas sencillas reglas: Angulo de los dlentes de una rueda == cr. Angulo de los dlentes de otra rueda = Ut· en los cuales pondremos como norma: = Rueda de menor nemerc de dlentes. Cl'1 = Rueda de mayor numerc de dlentes.
FORMULA
11- 6'
Tg IX
9-23'
8'56' 8' 0' 7'10' 6" 33' 5'59' 5'12' 5" 7'
2.90
n'<O'
71'12'
no 21'
700 ..3'
69- 55' 6" 8' 68- 20' 67'32' 66'046' 66' 0' 65'15' 6<' 3G' 63· .. i' 63' 0' 62'18' 61' 36'
2,95 3.00 3.05 3,10 3,15 3.20 3.25 3.30 3.35 3.<0 3 ... 5 3.SO 3.55 3.60 3.65 3.70 3.75 3.SO
25·04" 25' 0' 24"10' 23"26' 22· .. • 22' <. 21'26' 200 51' 200 17' 1""5' 1"15' 18' "7' 18'20' 17' 53' 17'27' 17' 2' 16'39' 16'16' 15'55' ,15-36' 15'17' 104' 58' 104',,0'
26-""
28'<0' 27'38'
27.50
•. EJemplo: Calcular los dngulos de los dlentes de dos ruedas con 12 y 24 dientes, M6dulo 5, ejes a 90-. Didmetros prlmltlvos Iguales. Rueda 12dlenles Tg.
= -I = 90--
)T,50
c;) =
-1-
<0.00
45,00
SO.OO 55.00 60.00 70.00 SO.OO 90.00 100,00 110,00 120.00 130.00 1<0.00 1SO.OO 160.00 170.00 180.00 190.00 200.00
..OOH'
o-w
<. 0' 3-36' 3'17' 3' 0' 2'3'" 2'15' 2' 0' t- <8' 1 39' 1'30' t- 23' 1'17' 1'12' t- 7' t- 3' 1- 0' 00 57'
0
"-2"
..• ..7'
Rueda 24 dlentes .1 = 90- - IS. Por tcnte, lendremos: Rueda de 12 clTentes63' 26' dngulo. Rueda de 24 dlentes 26' ]4' dngulo. la relacl6n del numero de r. p. m. de 10 prlmera rueda a 10 segundo. senS la 24 inversa de la de los nemeres de dlentes. 0 sea 12' Las demos caracteristlcas se calculO'f\1npor las f6rmulas generales. ~ Ruedas hellcoidales. con numere de dientes y dldmetros dlstlntos, dngulo de los ejes 90-. Calcular los dngulos de los dientes de dos ruedas de 30 y 36 dlentes, siendo 10 10 relacl6n del diametro de la prlmera a 10 segundo de 8 y el angulo de los ejes 90". 36 T Relad6n de los numeros de r. p. m. 9 Cl = Relacl6n de los did metros primltlvos (V~se lablas d. langentes.)
01:1=90--«;
Esta tabla simplifica la epereeten para eneentrer el valor en grados del dngulo de la hflice, pun basta dlvidlr el paso de la hfllce entre el dldmefro primitlvo y buscar en la tabla una eenndad igual al ceetente hallado. de la eual se leere el numerc de grados. EJEMPlO: Paso de la hehee: 800 mm, 800 Didmetro primitivo SO mm. = 16 11' 6'.
so-
4=56-19'; -193 -
4,=33-41'.
-192
DE GIRO
CENTRADO
DE UNA
RUEDA
~D\,--~?J
R"edas lalladas o mono derecho.
t~ t~
~/,--tPRuedas lallodas a mano izquierda.
off
~J.~+))Ruedas lallados a mono izquierdo. Cuando dos ruedas helicoidales con ejes porolelos engranon enlre s], deben lallarse uno
0
Derecha.
la
Izquierda.
derecha
y olra a la izquierdo.
194-
195 -
lALLA DE ENGRANAJES
CALCULO
cuando' se trata de tomar datos de una rueda como mUlstra 0 en estado deteriorada
y que
se Para determinar el angulo de los dlentes de uno rueda helicoidal cuando se dispone de muestra 0 modele. bastara el entintar ligeramente las cabezas de los dientes en su periferia utilizando un tcrmp6n de los empleados para sellos; venflccdo esta operaci6n se pasara !a rueda sobre un popel blanco y dejurd marcado en el mismo las huelles del dlente, 10 cual permltird hcllur correctamente su dngulo. AI ,tomar por las huellas marcadas en el popel e! angulo de 10 heltce. corresponderd al didmetro exterior de la rueda, debiendo considerarse como epereeten previa; el angulo efectivo para las co rccteristicas del engranaje es el correspondiente 01 dldmetro prtrnmvo. por tanto. se procederd a realizar el trazado para determinar el valor del cingulo P'l grados segun los datos siguientes:
en una sccevecrcn
que se produce
10 mterferencre
en 10 tollo de
= Nurnero
de dientes
de tallarse.
C1
= Angulo de presion
de 10 fresa.
Nm
=-.!__._-
sene' .,
.~JtJAJt"'.
interferenctc. a 516 el numer c
0
-i~
~r :
~I
reducirse
resulta pore 15
Nm ~ 25 Y para
rL"------=-'~.....:..=...:...,.,...~
1--__ ~"-~4.!!.c;>~'''~
...___..,. AOgyb
..
1.1
~I
dQ
Ia he"C9
Ampliacion del angulo de presion. Reducci6n de la altura del diente (Dentadura «Stub»]. Sustituir 10 dentadura recta per 10 hehcotdu! permite reducir Nm x el numero rnlntmc de dientes de un cuando el numero de dientes es infeCOS'I ~:.
Se poede tom bien hallar e! M6dulo normal tomando como referencre 10 altura total del diente y comprobando despues el espesor «e» fljando el calibre especial para dientes con 10 altura L = M6dulo normal. F6rmulas auxiliares M6dulo normal M para comprobaci6n: ); DE
3.°
=(
--+2
cos :r. P = DP x rr X cotg
:r.
DE
(~+ ccs
1"t
2) M.
minimo de dientes admisible para un engranaje con dentadura recta, del dnqulc de presion en los engranajes helic~idales: Nuevo velor Tang =~ cos ': (conocida).
que el valor de ~ es Igual al ang·Jlo de mchncctcn del diente en el rueda helicoidal. Ampliaci6n
X DP --rg;~'
DP = N x ~.
cos>
DP+ dp -~2-~'
196-
-197 -
RUEDAS Y PINONES
DE CADENA
TIPO SIMPLE
De = Dicimetro exterior. Dp = Dicimetro primitivo. Di = Dicimetro interior. d = Dicimetro de los rodillos. P = Distancia entre centros de los rod i II os = Paso de 10 cadena. N = Nurnero de dientes.
e ...
(I)
c E (I)
U
...
FORMULAS
De~=Dp+d;
P
Dp = sen
7. ;
Di = Dp-d;
180" , =-N--;
TIPO
DOBLE
De = Dicimetro exterior. Dp = Dicimetro primitivo. Di = Dicimetro interior. A = Distancia entre centros de los rodillos. B = Distancia entre ejes de los agujeros en el eslcbon de union. N = Nurnero de dientes.
III
(I)
..::::
(I)
o
e
(I)
...
III
FORMULAS
De = Dp
+ d;
180" N
Dp =
A
sen ~
C
Di = Dp-d.
C Cl
...
A 198-
+ cos z
199-
Lllyl
allalli;)
IoU"'IoU;)
IoUIl
lilli;)
"iii "IiIlUlioUIGI
"..,
t
I I
ENGRANAJES Y NUMERO
~I -8i
I .
~.
I.
J = J x· c NI=1,41xN. 1,41422 Tg Ii =
N 10 fresa
RUEDA
PINON
M p dp
de = =
Modulo.
= Paso.
Angulo
del
primitivo.
'~l
Didmetro prtmttrvo. = Didmetro exterior. n = Numero de dientes. 7.~ = Angulo del prrrrutrvo. ~~ Angulo de 10 cabeza del diente. = .:~ Angulo del pie. = '" = Angulo de espesor del drente. at = Angulo de talla.
P
M=-::-=N=
Dp
De N+(lxCo",)
FORMULAS M = !_
dp
= nx
-;
=~ = n M.
de n+(2xCos)~)'
de = (2M
n=crp-'
2...2_
Sen N
0
Tg"=N=OP·
T
c-F --
Y=0.707xL;
'.
.~1 -
7.1
g!
2 90
=.
1,41422M T Dp
.,= AT=
VN'
1.[
90
n' .
at =
VN'
l~ -
+
'.'~.
n.'·
-"{t.
NI = Nurner o de die nte s ImaglnurlO para ele qrr con que debe tallorse este Jue90 de engranajes. .
200-
-- 201 -