DRUG STUDY

Nursing
Name Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Responsibilities
Generic Name: -blocks -management of -2nd – 3rd degree -postural -monitor BP & PR
Carvedilol stimulation of HPN & angina heart block hypotension, –assess pt
beta1 (myocardial) pectoris also as -severe dizziness, routinely for s/sx
& beta2 an adjunct to bradycardia, headache, of fluid overload
(pulmonary, standard therapy shock, fatigue, GI upset, -assess for
vascular & in symptomatic uncontrolled heart bradycardia orthostatic
uterine) – heart failure failure, asthma, -occasionally: hypotension
adregenic hx of chronic diminished -pt. may
receptor sites obstructive airway peripheral experience
-also has alpha1 disease, hepatic circulation, dry worsening of sx
blocking activity, impairment eyes & flu-like during initiation of
w/c may result in symptoms therapy for CHF
orthostatic -check frequency
hypotension of refills to
determine
adherence

Nursing
Name Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Responsibilities
Generic Name: Inhibits calcium -angina pectoris -sick sinus -dizziness, light- -monitor BP
Diltiazem ion influx across syndrome headedness, carefully if patient
cell membrane -2nd & 3rd AV block headache, is on concurrent
Brand Name: during cardiac -severe asthenia,fatigue doses of nitrates.
Cordazem depolarization, hypotension -peripheral -ensure pt.
produces -pregnancy edema, swallows ER &
relaxation of hypotension, SR preparations
coronary arteries, arrhythmias, whole; do not cut,
slows SA/AV bradycardia, AV crush, or chew
node conduction block,asystole -should be
times, dilates -flushing,rash administered w/
peripheral -nausea, hepatic food or after
arteries. injury, reflux eating

Nursing
Name Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Responsibilities
Generic Name: Decreases pain moderate to acute - Acute -CNS & GI -assess for level
Tramadol by inhibiting the or chronic intoxication w/ disturbances. of pain relief
uptake of pain and in alcohol, -Nausea, -assess BP & RR
Brand Name: norepinephrine painful hypnotics, dizziness, -assess bladder &
Dolcet & serotonin in the diagnostic or narcotics, somnolence. bowel function
CNS. May therapeutic centrally-acting -Asthenia, fatigue, -monitor for
produce measures analgesics, hot flushes, respiratory
opioid-like opioids or constipation, depression &
effects, but psychototropic diarrhea, seizures
causes less drugs. flatulence, dry -to be taken w/
respiratory -Hypersensitivity mouth, pruritis, meals to avoid GI
depression than diaphoresis, upset.
morphine. tinnitus. -encourage
coughing & deep
breathing q 2 hrs
to prevent
atelactasis &
pneumonia
Name Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects Nursing
 Responsibilities
Generic Name: amino penicillin -systemic -pts w/ a hx of -hepatitis, -ask about allergic
Co –amoxiclav that inhibits cell- infections hypersensitivity to cholestatic reactions to
wall synthesis β-lactams, eg, jaundice penicillin
Brand Name: during bacterial penicillins & -erythema -administer w/
Augmentin multiplication. cephalosporins. multiforme food or after
Bacteriaresist -pts w/ a previous -toxic epidermal eating to prevent
amoxicillin by hx of co-moxiclav- necrolysis; GI upset
producing associated exfoliative -monitor pt. for
penicillinases jaundice/hepatic dermatitis adverse effects
(enzymes that dysfunction -Diarrhea,
hydrolyze vomiting
amoxicillin) -neutropenia,
anemia

Nursing
Name Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Responsibilities
Generic Name: -decreases -antacid, -Hypercalcemia, -constipation, -ask client for
Calcium total acid load -calcium -bone tremors flatulence, allergic reactions
Carbonate of GI tract. supplement -severe renal diarrhea, renal to calcium
-increases -osteoporosis failure dysfunction, -administer 1-3
Brand Name: esophageal -hypersensitivity acid rebound hrs after meals &
Calci-Aid sphincter tone at bedtime (as
ordered)
-have pt. chew
antacid tablets
thoroughly before
swallowing; follow
w/ glass of
milk/water

Nursing
Name Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Responsibilities
Generic Name: -inhibits platelet -treatment of pt. -allergy to -headache, -provide small
Clopidogrel aggregation by at risk for clopidogrel dizziness, frequent meals if
Bisulfate blocking ADP ischemic events- -active weakness, GI upset occurs
receptors on recent MI, recent pathological syncope, flushing -provide comfort
Brand Name: platelets, ischemic CVA, bleeding such as -HPN, edema measure &
Plavix preventing peripheral artery peptic -rash, pruritis arrange for
clumping of disease. ulcer/intracranial -nausea, GI analgesics if
platelets. -treatment of pt w/ hemorrhage distress, headache occurs
acute coronary -lactation constipation,
syndrome diarrhea, GI
bleeding
-increased
bleeding risk

Nursing
Name Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Responsibilities
Ketosteril Normalizes -protein energy -allergy & -Hypercalcemia -assess for
metabolic malnutrition hypersensitivity to Hypercalcemia
process, -prevention and any content of -administer w/
promotes treatment of this drug food or after
recycling product conditions caused -Hypercalcemia eating to prevent
exchange. by modified or -disturbed amino GI upset
Reduces ion insufficient protein acid metabolism
concentration of metabolism in
potassium, chronic renal
magnesium and failure
phosphate.
Name Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects Nursing
 Responsibilities
Generic Name: Drug passes -constipation -low galactose -abdominal -do not administer
Lactulose unchanged into -prevention & diet discomfort if pt. has already
colon where treatment of -intestinal associated w/ pass out stool
Brand Name: bacteria breaks it portal-systemic obstruction flatulence/cramps -give laxative
Duphalac down into organic encephalopathy -prolonged syrup w/ water,
acids that use/large doses juice or milk to
increase the may result in increase
osmotic pressure diarrhea w/ palatability
& slightly acidify excessive loss of -do not give other
colonic contents water & laxatives
w/c increase stool electrolytes -replace fluid loss
softening action -monitor serum
ammonia levels &
blood glucose
levels

Nursing
Name Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Responsibilities
Generic Name: -bactericidal Treatment for -allergy w/ -GI disturbance, -arrange for
Moxifloxacin -interferes w/ URTI & LRTI eg. fluoroquinolones, headache, culture &
DNA replication, acute sinusitis, prolonged QT dizziness, taste sensitivity tests
Brand Name: repair, acute interval, perversion, before beginning
Avelox transcription & exacerbations of hypokalemia, musculoskeletal of therapy
recombination in chronic bronchitis, pregnancy & effects, CVS -administer oral
gram pos. & gram CAP, treatment of lactation effects, drug 4 hrs before
neg. bacteria, skin & soft tissue hematological or at least 8 hrs
preventing cell infections changes, CNS after antacids or
reproduction & disturbances, skin other anion-
leading to cell reactions, visual containing drugs
death disturbances. -discontinue &
report to
physician if s/sx of
hypersensitivity or
w/ severe
diarrhea

Nursing
Name Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Responsibilities
Generic Name: -increases -treatment of -allergy to -gastric rupture -assess for
Sodium plasma metabolic components following edema, w/c may
Bicarbonate Bicarbonate acidosis -low serum ingestion indicate inability
-neutralizes -symptomatic chloride -systemic to utilize NaHCO3
Brand Name: gastric acid relief of upset -metabolic & alkalosis, -observe for dry
Sodium -raises blood pH, stomach from respiratory Hypokalemia skin & mucous
Bicarbonate urine pH & gastric hyperacidity alkalosis secondary to membranes,
pH associated w/ -Hypocalcemia shifting of polydipsia,
-inhibits pepsin peptic ulcer, potassium, polyuria, & air
activity gastritis, peptic Hypernatremia hunger may
esophagitis, hiatal -chemical indicate a reversal
hernia cellulitis, tissue of metabolic
-Prophylaxis of GI necrosis, acidosis.
bleeding, stress ulceration -monitor
ulcers, aspiration electrolytes &
pneumonia ABGs.
-WOF: s/sx of
milk-alkali
syndrome
(polyuria)

Nursing
Name Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Responsibilities
Generic Name: -Decreased pain -s/sx of -asthma, urticaria, -anaphylatic -assess patient’s
Celecoxib and inflammation osteoarthritis & allergic-type reactions, renal ROM, degree of
caused by arthiritis rheumatoid reaction to toxicity. swelling, and pain
Brand Name: -Prevention of M  arthritis in adults sulfonamides, -hallucination, in affected joints
Celebrex Inhibits the aspirin or other aguesia, anosmia, -assess patient for
enzyme COX-2. NSAIDs. aseptic menlugitis, allergy to
-Has analgesic, -treatment of peri- vasculitis, GI sulfonamides,
anti inflammatory operative pain in hemorrhage, aspirin, or
& antipyretic the setting of interstitial NSAIDS.
properties. coronary artery nephritis, -may be
bypass graft photosensitivity administered
surgery reaction, without regard to
-severe hepatic exfoliative meals.
impairment dermatitis, -advise to report if
erthema, Stevens- s/sxof GI toxicity
Johnson (abdominal pain,
syndrome, toxic black stools), skin
epidermal rash, unexplained
necrolysis & weight gain,
menstrual edema occurs
disorder.
-cerebral
hemorrhage,
fulminant hepatitis,
liver necrosis,
hyponatremia,
conjunctivitis

Nursing
Name Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Responsibilities
Generic Name: Exerts mucolytic -Acute & chronic -Effervescent tab/ -rarely, urticaria, -monitor
Acetylcysteine action through its respiratory tract Sachet bronchospasm, effectiveness of
free sulfhydryl infections w/ -Phenylketonurics nausea, vomiting therapy & adverse
Brand Name: group which opens abundant mucus Aerosol treatment: effects
Fluimucil up the disulfide secretions rhinitis, stomatitis -instruct pt. in
bonds in the appropriate use
mucoproteins thus -report if adverse
lowering mucous effects occurs
viscosity.

Nursing
Name Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Responsibilities
Generic Name: Thought to -acute angina - Hypersensitivity -headache, -monitor BP &
Isosorbide reduce attacks; to -Severe cerebral dizziness, intensity &
Mononitrate cardiac oxygen prevent situations sclerosis weakness duration of drug
(ISMN) demand by that may cause -Hypotension -orthostatic response
decreasing anginal attacks -relief of acute hypotension, -WOF: s/sx of
Brand Name: preload & attacks tachycardia, Methemoglobine
Imdur afterload. palpitations, mia (impaired
Drug may also ankle edema, O2 delivery
increase blood fainting, flushing despite adequate
flow through the -SL cardiac output
collateral coronary burning and adequate
vessels. - nausea, arterial partial
vomiting pressure of O2)
- cutaneous -advice pt. to move
vasodilation, slowly to prevent
rash dizziness &
orthostatic
hypotension

Nursing
Name Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Responsibilities
Generic Name: -selectively HMG- -reduction of -active liver -headache, -hx of liver
Atorvastatin CoA reductase elevated total disease asthenia, disease
which converts cholesterol & LDL -pregnancy & insomnia -avoid intake of
Brand Name: HMG-CoA cholesterol lactation -peripheral alcohol
Lipitor to mevalonate, a edema -monitor
precursor of -rhinitis, sinusitis creatinine
sterols. pharyngitis, phosphokinase &
-lowers -abdominal pain, transaminase
cholesterol dyspepsia, elevation
and lipoprotein flatulence, -monitor VS
levels nausea, diarrhea especially the BP
constipation, -should be
-UTI administered w/
-arthritis, myalgia food or after
arthralgia, eating
-bronchitis
-rash
- infection, flulike
syndrome,
allergic reaction

Nursing
Name Action Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects
Responsibilities
Generic Name: Gastric acid- Short-term Contraindicated -Headache, -administer before
Omeprazole pump inhibitor: treatment of: w/ dizziness, meals. Caution
Suppresses -active duodenal hypersensitivity to asthenia, vertigo, patient to swallow
Brand Name: gastric acid ulcer omeprazole insomnia, apathy, capsules whole—
Prilosec secretion by -heartburn or or its anxiety, not to open,
specific inhibition symptoms of components; paresthesias, chew, or crush
of the hydrogen- gastroesophageal Use cautiously dream them.
potassium reflux disease with pregnancy, abnormalities -arrange for
ATPase enzyme (GERD) lactation. further evaluation
-Rash,
system at the -active benign of patient after 8
inflammation,
secretory surface gastric ulcer, wk of therapy for
of the gastric GERD, severe urticaria, pruritus, gastroreflux
parietal cells; erosive alopecia, dry skin disorders; not
blocks the final esophagitis, - Diarrhea, intended for
step of acid poorly responsive abdominal pain, maintenance
production symptomatic nausea, vomiting, therapy.
GERD constipation, dry Symptomatic
Long-term mouth, tongue improvement
therapy atrophy does
Treatment of -URI symptoms, not rule out
pathologic cough, epistaxis gastric cancer,
-hypersecretory -Cancer in which did occur in
conditions preclinical studies, preclinical
- Eradication of H. back pain, fever studies.
pylori with -administer
amoxicillin or antacids with
metronidazole & omeprazole, if
clarithromycin needed