Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
INDEX
PART – ONE
a. Introduction
b. Importance
d. Objectives
PART – TWO
a. Methodology
b. Hypothesis
c. Theoretical Background
d. Collection of Data
e. Analysis of Data
f. Problems
g. Suggestions
PART – THREE
a. Conclusions
One such major problem that every developing city or town faces is that of
disposal of waste without disturbing the ecology & the environment.
Burning of Waste is not a solution of disposing waste as the same results in
lot of toxic gases which not only lead to health problem for the living beings
but also adds to the threat of global warming.
b. Importance :
Scope :
Limitations :
a. Limited Period : The study is limited to the Observations made during the
personal visits made between 28th Dec., 2010 & 30th Dec., 2010 at Kapil
Tirth Market & Kasba Bavda Disposal Site. The working of KMC of just
three days may or may not reflect the real nature of work carried out by
KMC with regard to Solid Waste Management.
b. Limited Data : The data used in this study has been taken from the KMC
officials, public, vendors, etc. No official record from KMC were available
due to shortage of time period . Hence, the conclusions & suggestions of this
study are based on such limited data.
c. Limited Time : This study is conducted within a very short period due to
time constraint. During such limited period the study may not be detailed,
full fledged and all aspects may not have been covered to the fullest extend.
d. Objectives :
b. To Study the Process of Segregation of Solid Waste into Wet & Dry
Waste.
Methodology :
Collect the various types of information which are necessary for the study of
Solid Waste Management
Collection of data from various sources to study the Solid Waste
Management in Kolhapur
Personal interviews conducted for proper understanding of various issues &
problems,.
Analysis & study of the overall status of Solid Waste Management with
respect to Kapil Tirth Market in Kolhapur
Suggestions based on the observations made during the personal visit to
KMC for improving the effectiveness of Solid Waste Management in Kolhapur.
HYPOTHESIS
Domestic Waste:
It is major source of solid waste in the Kolhapur city. There are around
1,10,000 households and 10,447 slums in the city generating domestic
waste. The individual householders do not store their garbage in their
house premises. They deposit waste in community bins provided by
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation on the roadsides. In some areas through
external agency household waste is collected by “Ghanta Gadi”. This
amount is around 55 MT / day.
Road Sweeping:
Commercial Waste:
This includes solid waste from stores, shops, hotels, restaurants, markets
and office buildings. The main components of waste involve paper,
cardboard, plastic, wood, food waste, glass and metals. There is no
organized system for shopkeepers to store their waste and usually this
waste is added to the domestic waste either through community bins or
road sweeping. There are around 11,286 shops and commercial
establishments generating 15 MT / day of solid waste. There are 31 small
and large markets in the city that generate 20 MT / day of solid waste.
Kolhapur Municipal Corporation has constructed open garbage houses in
the markets and the vendors are expected to put their waste vegetables in
this garbage house only. Many times in the market the vegetables are
thrown by vendors in open, which rot and starts stinking which creates
unhealthy atmosphere in the market. There are around 1053 restaurants,
hotels and eating places in the city generating 10 MT / day of solid waste.
Kolhapur Municipal vehicles collect this waste from these hotel and
restaurants whereas small eateries are putting their wastes in the common
bins.
Industrial Waste:
a. Small Industrial Unit Waste
b. Demolition waste :
There are around 59 gardens and parks in the city generating solid waste
mostly in the form of dry leaves, grass cuttings etc. Many private gardens
of educational institutes, public places, government offices, bungalows and
households burn dry leaves adding to air pollution. Instead of burning this
garden waste, it can be used for vermin composting in the gardens. This
will minimize the waste generated as well as be useful as good fertilizer.
There are many items disposed by people such as batteries from radios,
flash lights and cameras, button cells, car batteries, oil filters, empty cans
of aerosol, bleaches, pesticides, foam and thermocol packings,
thermometers and mercury containing products, E-waste including
cassettes, computer discs, printer parts, cartridge, electronic printed circuit
boards and other electronic parts of radio, tape recorder, mobiles, TV’s and
computers.
As Kolhapur is a city surrounded with agricultural fields whose products
are brought in to the vegetable markets of the city and then wastes are
dumped either in garbage bins or disposed on roads. There are many
stables of cows, buffaloes and horses containing around 16,181 animals in
it. Even though cow dung is used for variety of purposes like composting,
burning, the remaining waste contributes to the total Municipal Solid
Waste of the city.
Waste Segregation:
At some places the KMC has provided two separate dust bins viz. for dry waste or
wet waste & bio degradable or non bio degradable waste for segregation of waste
at the time of collection of waste itself. .
Storage of Waste:
At many sites Municipal Corporation has made provision for temporary storage of
solid waste. In vegetable markets open garbage houses are made available to
vegetable vendors, Similarly dust bins are provided at corners of streets & in by
lanes of important commercial / residential junctions. The number of dust bins
provided by KMC for storage of waste are 1688 including 937 RCC circular bins,
245 RCC rectangular bins, 22 dumpers, 20 RCC containers and 4 heaps.
KMC has engaged a private company for processing & segregating biodegradable
solid waste and using it for making bio fertilizers. This activity is carried out in
40,000 sq. mtrs area near Kasba Bavda by a private company to whom the KMC
has given contract.
Vermicompost
Land fill -
The non recyclable solid waste is sent for land fill site at Top - Sambhapur 12 km
away from Kolhapur where a quarry is filled by this waste. A 16.67 hectors of land
at Halsawade is allotted for sanitary land filling, however this land is under dispute
and stay has been given by Hon’ble High Court.
Collection of Data :
Data collection is a very important step in any project and success of any project
largely depends upon the accuracy of data collection. Proper analysis cannot be
done without gathering relevant data to carry out the research work accurately.
SOURCES OF INFORMATION -
Primary data
Primary data i.e. data which is collected fresh or for the first time for the sake of
study. For the purpose of this study primary data was collected by conducting
personal interviews with various shopkeepers, vegetable / fruit vendors, buyers at
the Kapil Tirth Market, Sweepers, Drivers of Waste Transporters & Supervisory
Staff of KMC, etc
Secondary data
The Secondary data in the form of reports & publications available at KMC office,
books, articles in newspapers/ Internet, etc as were necessary for the study.
This project is based on the primary data collected through personal interview of
various people at the Kapil Tirth Market as well as at the KMC office. However,
this primary data collection has its own limitations like its correctness &
completeness, hence the information collected through secondary source was also
analysed for the study of solid waste management in Kolhapur with special
reference to Kapil Tirth Market.
Analysis of Data :
Kapil Tirth Market is one oldest & biggest vegetable market in Kolhapur. This
market is located in the heart of the city & very close to the famous Mahalaxmi
Temple.
This market is always full of people - i.e Large no. of Vegetable & Fruit Vendors
& buyers visit the market & at evening times the market is over crowded. With
such large of people assembling at the market, it is but natural that equally large
amount of garbage & waste generated at such a large market place. Waste in the
form of left overs of discarded vegetables/ fruits, damaged / spoiled packing
boxes/sheets, waste paper, plastic, empty packets of gutka/ cigarette / beedi, etc
are generally seen lying in huge quantity in & around the waste bin, as well as all
over the market. Normally, the vegetable & fruit vendors & shop keepers clean
their own area at the start of the day, however towards the end of the day, except a
few persons generally all the sellers are in hurry to pack their things & to go home,
in which most of the waste gathered around them remains uncleaned.
The KMC has installed around four dustbins in the vicinity of Kapil Tirth Market
for gathering & storage of waste generated at the market. Although separate dust
bins for wet & dry waste are provided by KMC, no strict implementation
regarding the specific use of these dust bins is being done due to lack of awareness
among the people. Further, KMC also has deployed 6 sweepers in this area for
sweeping & cleaning of market as well as the surrounding lanes & streets near the
market with one supervisory staff for checking & inspection.
At the Kasba Bawda Disposal site, the work of segregation & processing is being
done by the staff of private contractor hired by KMC. The private contractor has
also set up a plant here, in an area of 40,000 sq. m. which has a self contained
infrastructural facility required for production of organic fertilizers, having the
necessary active microbial nutrients required for enriching the soil and increasing
sustainable crop production. The organic fertilizers produced by the private
contractor are marketed under the brand name of “Hareet Karveer” and “Bio –
Zoom”.
While , the non recyclable solid waste is sent for land fill site at Top - Sambhapur
12 km away from Kolhapur where a quarry is being filled by this waste.
Problems :
During our visit to Kapil Tirth Market, from the observations made by us & based
on the discussions & personal interview of various people, following problems
were noticed by us :
d. Many a times, people throw waste near the dustbin instead of putting it into
the dust bin, as result of which waste is seen lying on the road, around the
dust bins.
e. At times, the smaller dustbins are seen overflowing with waste due to which
the excess waste is seen falling around the dustbins.
Suggestions :
a. Strict time table should be prepared & followed for regular collection &
transportation of waste from the dust bins near the Kapil Tirth market, so
that there is no decay of left over vegetables/ fruits. Further, if possible dust
bins near such market places should have cover so that the dirty smell from
the rotten fruits/ vegetables, etc can be reduced.
c. Rag pickers who actually disturb waste dust bins for picking up useful
recyclable material for selling the same & making some money can help
KMC if they are properly trained into sorting & segregating the waste
collected in the dust bins. These trained rag pickers may be issued a license
with a specific area for sorting, segregating & collecting useful recyclable
material from these waste dust bins, without scattering the waste out of
dustbin, this will save lot of efforts, money & time of KMC.
d. Alongwith educating the people of strictly using waste dust bins a fine of
Rs.10/- should be imposed on all persons who throw waste outside the
waste dustbin. This will not only help in keeping the city neat & clean as the
waste shall not be thrown on roads but shall also generate revenue for KMC.
e. Supervisors of KMC should immediately report problems related to smaller
size of dustbins/ damaged dust bins in their area which are constantly
overflowing due to collection & storage of more waste than its size. Based
on the report of the supervisor, KMC should take action of replacing a
suitable size dust bin from which waste shall not over flow.
CONCLUSIONS :
The Kolhapur Municpal Corporation is fully aware about the problems related to
Solid Waste Management & is equally concerned about the health of the citizens
of the City. KMC has already shown its determination of upgrading its solid
waste management system, for the city by implementing a waste composting
project using private sector participation. KMC also has also acquired 16.67
hectors of land at Halsawade for land filling.
Further, for the daily backlog of almost 60 MT of waste that is generated everyday
due to collection & transportation of around 120 MT of waste as against the 180
MT of waste collected & stored daily, KMC is planning to deploy additional
trucks of tippers into service.
Looking at the City Development Plan for Kolhapur City with the horizon year of
2031 which was prepared under the then Municipal Commissoner of Kolhapur
Shri Kunal Kumar, it appears that KMC is fully gearing up itself to meet all the
challenges of civic issues related to Kolhapur City including Solid Waste
Management.
We sincerely hope that the planning made is properly & timely implemented by
KMC and all citizens of Kolhapur city should also willing & whole heartly extend
their active participation so that we can live in nice Clean, Green & Pollution Free
City of Kolhapur !!!