Classification of Optical, Atomic Spectral Methods

m
 
   


 

 

 


 m
 
 


 m  


      


Flame 1700-3150 Absorption AAS
Emission AES
Fluorescence AFS
Electrothermal 1200-3000 Absorption EAAS
Fluorescence EAFS
Inductively Coupled 6000-8000 Emission ICP S
Argon Plasma Fluorescence ICP FS

Direct Current 6000-10000 Emission DC Argon Plasma

Argon Plasma Spectroscopy, DCP
Electric Arc 4000-5000 Emission Arc-source
Emission Spectro.

Electric Spark 40000 (?) Emission Spark-source

Emission Spectro.

G Perhaps 70 elements can be determined w/ sensitivities that fall in the ppm to ppb range.
Yhe spectra of gaseous atomic particles consist of
well-defined narrow lines arising from electronic
transitions of the outermost electrons.

For metals, the energies of these transitions are

such as to yield UV, visible and near-IR radiation.
 Effect of Yemperature on Emission, Absorption, and
Fluorescence.

G Emission intensities are strongly affected by flame

temperature because this variable has a significant effect on
the ratio between excited and unexcited atomic particles.

Nj = Pj exp (-Ej )
N0 P0 kY

here:
k = Boltzmann constant (1.38 x 10 -16 erg/deg)
Y = Yemperature (in K)
Ej = Energy difference in ergs between the excited & the ground states
Pj & P0 = statistical factors that are determined by the # of states
having equal energy at each quantum level
References:

1. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 3rd Ed. Skoog, Douglas

A. CBS College Publishing, 1985. pp 250-289.
(accessed: Jan 13, 2011)
2. http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/chem55/55aaovw.htm
(accessed : Jan 13, 2011
3. http://www.nuigalway.ie/chemistry/level2/courses/CH205
_atomic_absorption_spectroscopy.pdf (accessed: Jan 13,
2011)