This type of automatic wireless video monitors is quite suitable for the isolated restricted zones, where the tight security is required. Images are converted from visible light into invisible electronic signals inside a solid-state imager. By installing this type of security systems everywhere at critical points, lot of revenue can be saved by minimizing the manpower.
This type of automatic wireless video monitors is quite suitable for the isolated restricted zones, where the tight security is required. Images are converted from visible light into invisible electronic signals inside a solid-state imager. By installing this type of security systems everywhere at critical points, lot of revenue can be saved by minimizing the manpower.
Авторское право:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Доступные форматы
Скачайте в формате DOC, PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
This type of automatic wireless video monitors is quite suitable for the isolated restricted zones, where the tight security is required. Images are converted from visible light into invisible electronic signals inside a solid-state imager. By installing this type of security systems everywhere at critical points, lot of revenue can be saved by minimizing the manpower.
Авторское право:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Доступные форматы
Скачайте в формате DOC, PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
wireless video camera monitor, described in this paper is designed using wireless In this paper for the video monitoring system, for demonstration purpose three detecting the presence of a reference points are taken. person who is inside the Each reference point is restricted zone. This type of arranged with two infrared automatic wireless video LED’s and one lamp. This monitors is quite suitable for arrangement is made to the isolated restricted zones, detect the presence of a where the tight security is person who is near the required. reference point. The reference point is nothing The principle of but restricted area, when any remote sensing is utilized in person comes near to any this, to detect the presence reference point, then of any person who is very immediately that particular near to reference point with reference point output will in the zone. become high and this high signal is fed to the computer. Now the computer energizes A video camera that particular reference collects the images from the point lamp and rotates the reference points and then video camera towards that converts into electronic reference point for collecting signals. The collected the images at that particular images are converted from reference point. To rotate the visible light into invisible video camera towards electronic signals inside a interrupted reference point, solid-state imager. These stepper motor is used. spending lot of its revenue to safe guard the borders. By installing this type of security systems everywhere at critical points, lot of revenue can be saved by minimizing the manpower. Basic operational principle: The video The present surveillance unit is designed for wireless video camera described the widest possible viewing in this is designed using range and portability. The unit wireless video monitoring consists of a Stepper Motor, system, for detecting the which drives the camera presence of a person who is towards reference points inside the restricted zone. This automatically by the computer type of automatic wireless video and a transmitter monitors is quite suitable for the isolated restricted zones, where the tight security is required. transmits the images collected Once upon a time much by the camera to a distant end. importance is not given for the Thus a automatic controlled security system. But as we see wireless camera is very useful today lot of terrorism has grown for surveillance of places where up across the country and need the particular location makes it has aroused to develop different inconvenient or impractical for types of security systems for a wired operation of the unit. various applications to safe The robotic action made by the guard the zones of various types stepper motor is attached to the like, military zones, railway camera allows surveillance of yards, scrap yards, borders etc., maximum area with one single this kind of automatic video camera. Such setup can be very monitoring systems can be flexible to the user and can save installed at indo-pak borders, valuable company resources. where the terrorists are crossing There are several types of borders. In fact our country is security systems existed in the Market; one of the most place the criminal at the scene common security systems is of a crime. CCTV (Closed Circuit Television). The CCTV CCTV systems are also consists Video Surveillance helpful in the residential Camera used as security- security Market. They allow monitoring device plays a major homeowners to see their callers, roll in security systems. One thus establishing their identity reason for this is the fact that a before they open an outside picture is worth then a thousand entrance door. This is an words. This is especially true important feature too, because in a court of law where an other wise, they might open eyewitness is required who can their door to a criminal. The Infrared sensing the transmitting LED is circuit consists of two infrared invisible and harmless. LED’s for transmitting the Whenever the human body signal as well as receiving the interrupts the transmitting signal. The signal transmitted signal, there the signal is by the transmitting LED omits reflected and this reflected the signal in a line like laser signal is received by the infrared beam, the radiated signal from receiving LED.
INFRARED TRANSMITTER / RECEIVER
SECTION: This section is designed for resistor connected in series with detecting the presence of a the IR LED limits the IR-LED person who is inside the current. restricted zone within the range. The basic function It is basically an infrared of the detector circuit is by proximity detection system. radiating energy into space Here high efficiency IR-LED is through IR LED and driven by PNP Transistor detecting the echo signal SK100 with a modulating reflected from an object. The frequency of about 10KHz. This reflected energy that is frequency is available from Pin returned to the receiving 5 of LM 567 IC (versatile PLL LED indicates the presence tone decoder IC). The 47W of a person who is within the range. A portion of the the computer receives a high transmitted energy is signal from the reference intercepted by the target and point, the computer drives re-radiated in many the stepper motor through directions. The radiation the driving transistors and directed back towards the rotates the motor towards system is collected by the that particular reference receiving LED causes to point. Three similar circuits produce a high signal at Pin are designed for the three No.8 of LM567 IC. The different reference output of the receiver is fed points. to the computer. Whenever
Diagram of the sensing circuit:
COMPUTER:
The computer is playing by the person, where exactly the
a major role in this .The main signal is interrupted, at which function of the computer is to reference point identifying the identify the interruption made point and displays the information on the screen. The called program. It has the ability other major function of the to accept the data, execute the computer is to drive the stepper program, and perform motor. This block is also mathematical and logical responsible for identifying the operations on data. The result of reference point. Here any the operations can be reported normal configuration computer through output. Infact, a can be employed. The software computer is a complete system program defining the operations in itself. The computer as a for the computer is written in system is a combination of ‘C’ language. Hardware and Software components that jointly offer The output of the the necessary services to the obstacle sensor is fed to the user. computer through the parallel port. The original purpose of The computer Parallel port was to enable reads the data received through communication between a PC parallel port and can store the and a peripheral. Another use data; the same data will be that has become very popular is displayed on computer screen. transferring information or The program contains receiving the information. In instruction about what has to be this project work the received done with the data. The CPU information from the detector executes the programs stored in circuit is used to drive the the main memory by performing motor. Which is useful for the fetch instruction from memory system for identifying the and right data either to a interrupted reference point. memory location or on an With the help of associated output device. The main software written in ‘C’ language components of the CPU are, the received information can be ALU (Arithmetic and Logic displayed on computer screen. Unit), CU (Control Unit), and a set of registers. The control unit A computer is an is responsible for the moment of electronic device, which data and instructions in and out processes information under the of the memory and CPU. It is control of a set of instructions also responsible for the decoding of an instruction and complete electronic Hardware is determining as to what is interfaced with parallel port. desired by the same. The
HOW THE COMPUTER DRIVES THE
STEPPER MOTOR
To drive the stepper provide the required current to
motor in both the directions energize the motor. The stepper (clockwise or anticlockwise) the motor used in this project work system is programmed to is capable to drive up to 3Kg produce the pulses in a sequence loads, i.e., the holding torque is at four different outputs, these 3Kg. sequential programmed outputs energizes the motor windings The output of one after another in a sequence. the computer is also used to To drive the motor in clockwise, drive the three relays and one the sequence starts from top to buzzer. Whenever any human bottom, similarly to drive the body interrupts any reference motor in anti-clockwise the point, the computer energizes sequence starts from the bottom the alarm at the same time the to top. Like wise the motor computer energize the rotates in both the directions. corresponding relay also. These relay contacts are used to The output of the energize the three different computer through parallel port lamps corresponds to the three is used to drive the switching reference points independently. transistors; finally these The circuit diagram of relays switching transistors drive the and buzzer driven by the stepper motor. These transistors computer is shown below. Stepper Motor Drive Circuit: The stepper motor infrared sensors and both the used in this is having four sensors are arranged side by windings and these windings side within the distance of are energized one after one inch approximately and another in a sequence both are directed towards the according to the code space with the zone. The produced by the computer energization sequence for through motor drive circuit. the forward and backward This motor rotates in step movements of the stepper wise and the step angle is motor is fed from computer 0 1.8 . Varying the pulse rate with the help of software can vary the speed of the written in ‘C’ language. The motor. The pulses are ratings of the motor produced by the computer employed are 12V dc 4-coil. can be controlled through The driving circuit of the the program by which motor motor is designed using BC speed can be varied. The 547 (low power Transistor) stepper motor used in this and 2N5296 (Medium power project work is capable to Transistor). These two drive up to 3kg load. transistors are configured in emitter following mode for Each reference amplifying the current point is arranged with two rating. The motor winding when it is energized, it consumes 350 mA approximately. The following is the diagram of the stepper motor drive circuit
TRANSMITTER:
The output of the video camera is fed to this
video camera is fed to this carrier input as a modulating transmitter, for transmitting the wave. This is a frequency video signals in amplitude modulated radio transmitter. modulation. The video signal The radiating power of the coming out of video camera is transmitter is less than 20mw, nothing but pure composite so that the range between video signal and this signal is transmitter and receiver can be fed to this AM transmitter. The less than 25 feet. transmitter circuit generates a The AM transmitter continuous frequency of consists three sections namely 100MHz approximately, which (1) VHF Oscillator is used to form a permanent link (2) Driver Stage or between the transmitter and Modulator receiver, and this is known as (3) Final Amplifier Stage. carrier frequency. The output of The output of the VHF phase reversal (1800 phase oscillator is treated as carrier shift), because this transistor is and the same is fed to the configured in common base modulator section. The output mode. Therefore finally at the of the VHF oscillator is fed to output of this stage, a perfect collector and the final output AM wave can be obtained. In taken from the emitter of the the amplifier section 2 N 3866- PNP transistor of the modulator NPN Transistor is used to section. Since it is a PNP amplify the input signal. transistor there won’t be any
The Complete Circuit Diagram of transmitter including three stages
is as follows
The carrier is designed for wireless video camera we can
transmitting the picture details. detect the entry of unauthorized At the receiving end, a small persons especially in case of television set of 4” screen is military to detect our enemies used to display the picture crossing the border. caught. In this way using this
COMPLETE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
REFERENCES:
(1) Basic Radio and Television. BY: S.P. SHARMA
(2) Digital and Analog Communication Systems By: K. Sam Shanmugam
With the help of above two books we came to know how
the signals are transmitted using Radio transmitter and these two books helped us while designing the transmitter and receiver. (3) Practical transistor circuit design and analysis By: GERALD E. WILLIAMS
(4) Basic electronics By: GROB
(5) Electronic circuit guidebook – sensors By: JOSEPH J.CARR
(6) Modern Television Practice By: R.R. Gulati
(7) The Complete Guide to video By: Martin Clifford
(8) Computer Controlled System - By: Karl J.ASTROM