2010 Ap® ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS

Question 2

(Suggested time-40 minutes. This question counts for one-third of the total essay section score.)

Benjamin Banneker, the son of former slaves, was a farmer, astronomer, mathematician, surveyor, and author. In
1791 he wrote to Thomas Jefferson, framer of the Declaration of Independence and secretary of state to President
George Washington. Read the following excerpt from the letter and write an essay that analyzes how Banneker uses
rhetorical strategies to argue against slavery.

Sir, suff~rl me to recall to your mind that time in
which the arms and tyranny of the British Crown were
exerted with every powerful effort in order to reduce
Line you to a State of Servitude, look back I entreat you on
5 the variety of dangers to which you were exposed;
reflect on that time in which every human aid
appeared unavailable, and in which even hope and
fortitude wore the aspect of inability to the conflict
and you cannot but be led to a serious and grateful
10 sense of your miraculous and providential
preservation; you cannot but acknowledge that the
present freedom and tranquility which you enjoy you
have mercifully received and that it is the pecular
blessing of Heaven.
15 This sir, was a time in which you clearly saw into
the injustice of a state of slavery and in which you had
just apprehensions of the horrors of its condition, it
was now, sir, that your abhorrence thereof was so
excited, that you publickly held forth this true and
20 valuable doctrine, which is worthy to be recorded and
remembered in all succeeding ages. "We hold these
truths to be self-evident, that all men are created
equal, and that they are endowed by their creator with
certain unalienable rights, that among these are life,
25 liberty and the pursuit of happiness."
Here, sir, was a time in which your tender feelings
for yourselves had engaged you thus to declare, you
were then impressed with proper ideas of the great
valuation of liberty and the free possession of those
30 blessings to which you were entitled by nature; but,
sir, how pitiable is it to reflect that although you were
so fully convinced of the benevolence of the Father of
mankind and of his equal and impartial distribution of
those rights and privileges which he had conferred
35 upon them, that you should at the same time
counteract his mercies in detaining by fraud and
violence so numerous a part of my brethren under
groaning captivity and cruel oppression, that you
should at the same time be found guilty of that most
40 criminal act which you professedly detested in others
with respect to yourselves.
Sir, I suppose that your knowledge of the situation
of my brethren is too extensive to need a recital here;
neither shall I presume to prescribe methods by
45 which they may be relieved, otherwise than by
recommending to you and all others to wean
yourselves from those narrow prejudices which you
have imbibed with respect to them and as Job2
proposed to his friends, "put your souls in their souls
50 stead," thus shall your hearts be enlarged with
kindness and benevolence towards them, and thus
shall you need neither the direction of myself or
others, in what manner to proceed herein.
2 In the Bible. Job is a righteous man who endures much suffering.

1 allow

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 Ap® ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION
2010 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 2

General Directions: This scoring guide will be useful for most of the papers you read. If it seems inappropriate for a specific paper, ask
your Table Leader for assistance. Always show your Table Leader books that seem to have no response or that contain responses that seem
unrelated to the question. Do not assign a score of 0 or - without this consultation.
Your score should reflect your judgment of the paper's quality as a whole. Remember that students had only 40 minutes to read and
write; the paper, therefore, is not a finished product and should not be judged by standards appropriate for an out-of-class assignment.
Evaluate the paper as a draft, making certain to reward students for what they do well.
All papers, even those scored 8 or 9, may contain occasional lapses in analysis, prose style, or mechanics. Such features should enter into
your holistic evaluation of a paper's overall quality. In no case should you score a paper with many distracting errors in grammar and
mechanics higher than a 2.

9 Papers earning a score of 9 meet the criteria for 8 papers and, in addition, are especially sophisticated in their argument,
thorough in their development, or impressive in their control of language.

8 Effective
Papers earning a score of 8 effectively analyze* how Banneker uses rhetorical strategies to argue against slavery. They develop their
analysis with evidence and explanations that are appropriate and convincing, referring to the passage explicitly or implicitly. The prose
demonstrates a consistent ability to control a wide range of the elements of effective writing but is not necessarily flawless.

7 Papers earning a score of 7 fit the description of 6 papers but provide more complete explanation, more thorough development,
or a more mature prose style.

6 Adequate
Papers earning a score of 6 adequately analyze how Banneker uses rhetorical strategies to argue against slavery. They develop their
analysis with evidence and explanations that are appropriate and sufficient, referring to the passage explicitly or implicitly. The writing
may contain lapses in diction or syntax, but generally the prose is clear.

5 Papers earning a score of 5 analyze how Banneker uses rhetorical strategies to argue against slavery. The evidence or explanations used
may be uneven, inconsistent, or limited. The writing may contain lapses in diction or syntax, but it usually conveys the writer's ideas.

4 Inadequate
Papers earning a score of 4 inadequately analyze how Banneker uses rhetorical strategies to argue against slavery. These papers may
misunderstand the passage, misrepresent the strategies Banneker uses or may analyze these strategies inaccurately. The evidence or
explanations used may be inappropriate, insufficient, or less convincing. The prose generally conveys the writer's ideas but may be less
consistent in controlling the elements of effective writing.

3 Papers earning a score of3 meet the criteria for a score of 4 but demonstrate less success in analyzing Banneker's use of
rhetorical strategies to argue against slavery. They are less perceptive in their understanding of the passage or Banneker's
strategies, or the explanation or examples may be particularly limited or simplistic. The papers may show less maturity in control
of writing.

2 Little Success
Papers earning a score of2 demonstrate little success in analyzing how Banneker uses rhetorical strategies to argue against slavery. These
papers may misunderstand the prompt, misread the passage, fail to analyze the strategies Banneker uses, or substitute a simpler task by
responding to the prompt tangentially with unrelated, inaccurate, or inappropriate explanation. The prose often demonstrates consistent
weaknesses in writing, such as grammatical problems, a lack of development or organization, or a lack of control.

1 Papers earning a score of 1 meet the criteria for a score of2 but are undeveloped, especially simplistic in their explanation, or
weak in their control of language.

o Indicates an on-topic response that receives no credit, such as one that merely repeats the prompt.
Indicates a blank response or one that is completely off topic.

* For the purposes of scoring, analysis refers to identifying features of a text and explaining how the author uses these to develop the
meaning or to achieve a particular effect or purpose.
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