mathematics expectation

In probability theory and statistics, the expected value (or expectation value,
or mathematical expectation, or mean, or first moment) of a random variable
is the integral of the random variable with respect to its probability measure.

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Discrete probability distribution :

* Discrete probability distributions arise in the mathematical description of

probabilistic and statistical problems in which the values that might be
observed are restricted to being within a pre-defined list of possible values.

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Random variable a numerical value calculated from the outcome of a

random experiment.

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Sampling with replacement: a sampling method in which each sample

(individual) is replaced into the population before the selection of the next
sample (individual)

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Sampling without replacement : a simple random sample is a subset of

individuals (a sample) chosen from a larger set (a population).

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a probability mass function (pmf) is a function that gives the probability

that a discrete random variable is exactly equal to some value.

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Frequency curve:

A graphical representation of a continuous frequency distribution; the value

of the variable is the abscissa and the frequency is the ordinate.

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Bayes Theorem

Bayes' theorem shows the relation between one conditional probability and
its inverse

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