Outline

• The French Occupation (1795-1813)

• Its impact on the Netherlands
• The Time-Period Between 1815 and 1890
– Seperation of Belgium
– Seperation of Luxembourg
• The Time-Period Between 1914 and 1918
– World War I
– Universal male suffrage

1
 The French Occupation
1795-1813
• Batavian Republic (1795-1806)
– Short lived

• Kingdom of Holland (1806-1810)

– Under Louis Bonaparte

• Annexation by French Empire (1810-1813)

– Under Napoleon Bonaparte

2
Napoléon
Bonaparte

1769-1821

3
The French Occupation, Continued

• French occupation ends in 1813

– Napoleon defeated

• United Netherlands (1813-1815)

– William V of Orange as sovereign prince

• U. Kingdom of the Netherlands(1815-1839)

– Unification of northern NL with Austrian NL (LX,BL)

4
 The Impact of the French
Occupation upon the Netherlands

• Basis of modern, centralized nation-state

• Legal discrimination ended

• Establishment of state citizenship (communal)

• The Dutch nation: a voluntary association

5
 The Time-Period Between
1815 and 1890

• Revolt and seperation of Belgium (1830)

• Kingdom of the Netherlands (since 1830)
• Constitution rewritten (1848)
• Constitutional monarchy declared (1848)
– Ever since unchanged
• Seperation of Luxembourg (1890)

6
 The Time-Period Between
1914 and 1918

• Netherlands remained neutral in WWI

• Universal male suffrage (1917)

• Voting rights for women (1922)