Certificate Course on PIPING ENGINEERING December 8 - 21, 2004 BASICS OF PIPING DRAWINGS T.N. Gopinath Consultant Organized by Piping Engineering Cell Computer Aided Design Centre Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Powai, Mumbai - 400 076PIPING ENGINEERING CELL PIPING DRAWINGS THE BASICS ‘The drawings are always considered as the Tanguage of engineers. The machine drawings and the geometrical drawings are taught in the basic engineering curriculum. Piping Engineers derive basics from these to represent the pipeline routing on the drawing. There are two types of views used in the piping drawings: 2) Orthographic- Plans and Elevations 'b) Pictorial - Isometric Views Piping layout is developed in both plan view and elevation view and section / details are added for clarity wherever necessary. These drawings are called the General Arrangement of Piping. To represent a three plane piping in two dimensions of the paper, certain symbols are followed. Most commonly used symbols are in Table 1. Orthographic symbols are available in templates that are used for speeding up the manual drafting and also the symbol library for computer drafting. In complex piping system, especially within the unit/plant building where orthographic views do not illustrate the details of design, pictorial view in isometric presentation is drawn for clarity. Specially printed isometric sheets are available with lines drawn vertically and at 30° clockwise and 30° counterclockwise respectively from the horizontal axis of the paper by the use of Piping Drawings ‘TN. GOPINATH which 3D representation of the pipelines can be prepared. 10 PLAN ISOMETRIC PRESENTATION ‘OF A PIPING SYSTEM ‘The purpose of drawing is to give detailed information so that the pipelines could be fabricated and erected to satisfy the process requirements. Prior to making the piping drawings the equipment layout drawings and plot plan are prepared and these drawings are-used as the basis for developing the piping drawing, Sometimes ° preliminary piping study is made, to fix the equipment co-ordinates. The other data required for the development of piping drawings are defined in the paper on “Equipment and Piping Layout”. For presentation of unit piping layout the scale adopted usually are 1:25 or 1:33va and 1:100 for the pipe ragk. There are different sizes of drawing sheets available for the preparation of the drawings. The Indian Standard IS10711 standardises the drawing sheets as below: SIZE OVERALL DIMENSIONS in mm (Untrimmed) : 841 x 1189 : 594 x 841 420x594 - 297 x 420 . 210 x 297 PREPPIPING ENGINEERING CELL TABLE 1 PIPING SYMBOLS Wo. DESCRIPTION PLAN END VIEW 1 | END VIEW 2 1.0 | CHANGE OF DIRECTION AT 90" 1.1 | DOWNWARD BENDING fecay hie ga te q 1.1.2 | SW jelbow oh 1.1.3) Serd elbow st 1.1.4| Figd elbow 5-H, 1 1.1 | UPWARD BENDING 1.2.1 | BW lelbow 1.2.2 | SW elbow LLL EIS 1.2.3 Serd elbow La [iia Piping Drawings 7 cra} o04] 0-4] fre frso rao 2PIPING ENGINEERING CELL ne DESCRIPTION pun | END view t | END view 2 : 1.0 |” CHANGE OF DIRECTION At oo 1.2 | UPWARD BENDING 1.2.4 | Figd elbow 2.0] CHANGE OF DIRECTION AT OTHER ANGLES 2.1 | OOWNWARD BENDING Ors j 2.2] UPWARD BENDING C—O] CHO |GHO He 2.3] 180" Returns - Ceaser): 3.0 | BRANCHING ‘DOWNWARD 0 SS 3.1.2 [SW Tee . - Piping DrawingsPIPING ENGINEERING CELL DESCRIPTION PLAN ENO view 1 | END VIEW 2 1 BRANCHING 3.1 | DOWNWARD |3.1.3| serd Tee ste 3.1.4] Figd Tee 3.15 | sdb connection O—S-—? 3.1.6 | Half Coupling [ep eles UPWARD Fee aaa 3.2.1 | BW Tee Os i eh 3.2.2 | SW, Tee if | SOLS S [sz Serd Tee f i Piping DrawingsPIPING ENGINEERING CELL fi DESCRIPTION PLAN END VIEW 1 } END VIEW 2 0. 1 + BRANCHING 3.2 | UPWARD 3.2.4) Flgd Tee c 3.2.6 |Half Coupling 4 3.2.5 | Stub connection| t 5-0-4 |s 1s @ 2 y PARALLEL LINES —s4—s— | 5—+4 } -— CROSS. LINES exam aoe t 6.0] ROLLED ELeow oy 3 P| oo eae f 7.0 ROLLED TEE oe Piping DrawingsPIPING ENGINEERING CELL DESC END view 2 VALVES IPTION ENO VIEW 1 8.1 | Hand!Wheel Operated Figd Valve with 6 vertical hand wheel | S—1SH—§ ses B.2 | Lever operated Valve cits [ahs | 8 8.3 | Hond lwheei operated BW Valve with rolled herd wheel | SES | GHG @ 9.0] CONCENTRIC REDUCER axe 5 |s--4 10 | ECCENTRIC. REDUCER FSU/ FSD Po Piping Drawings :PIPING ENGINEERING CELL Piping General Arrangement is normally drawn on A, size sheet. If the area to be covered is small then A, size sheet is also used. Piping group produces a ‘KEY PLAN’, the plot plan on a small scale (1:500, 1:750 or 1:1000),-which can be accommodated on an A, size drawing sheet as per scale and dividing the area of the site into smaller areas identified by key letters or numbers. This is added to the piping drawing for reference purposes. The subject area of the particular drawing is hatched or shaded. The dimensional details of the title block are specified under the Indian Standard 1511665. The drawing sheet is divided along the length and the breadth in equal spaces. The longitudinal blocks are identified by alphabets and those along the breadth numerically. These co-ordinates are used to locate the area on the drawing. The direction of the north is taken either towards right or left on top of the drawing sheet. This direction is kept constant in all the areas covered in the plant, so also is the scale of the drawing. 2.0 HOWTO START THE PIPING GA? 2.1 Obtain the drawings numbers and fill in the title block, with the drawing number and title at the bottom right hand comer of the sheet. 2.2 Place the north arrow at the top lefi/right hand comer of the sheet to indicate plant north. 2.3 Do not plan drawing in the area above the title block of drawing, as this is allotted for general notes, number and title of reference drawings, brief description of changes during revision and the bill of materials wherever applicable. Piping Drawings 24 25 26 27 3.0 31 32 33 34 Process equipment and piping have priority on the Piping GA. The piping drawings are started after fixing positions of the bquipments. Equipment layqut is reproduced on the Piping GA fo its scale and drawn on the reverse side in case of manual drafting. In case of CAD: separate layer is used... The major primary beams and secondary beams are also shown if area covered is indoor. Pertinent background details which govern piping touting, such as floor drains, HVAC ducting, electrical and instrument cable trays, etc. are also drawn in faint ob the reverse, Utility stations are also established so that the most copvenient utility header routing can be carried out. DEVELOPMENT OF PIPING GENERAL = ARRANGEMENT DRAWING The piping drawings should be developed in such a way that all the process requireshents are met with, It is not always possible for the piping drawing to follow exactly the logical arrangement of the P & IDs. Sometimes lines must be routed with different junctipn Sequence and line numbers and subsequently the list may be changed. Performance aiid economics have to be considered in parallel while deciding the routing. Piping is represented by single lines up to a size df 150NB and double lines for sizes 200NB and above. This 7PIPING ENGINEERING CELL is to save the time of drafting and to avoid confusion. In single line tation only the centre line of te pipeline is drawn using solid line and; in double line representation the gctual size to scale is drawn with centre fine marked in chain- dotted lines. 35 3.6 Line numbers are, shown against each line exactly’ in the same way as represented in the P&I diagrams. The change in specification should be shown in line with P&I diagram. This change is usually indicated immediately to the downstream of the valve, flange or equipment. 37 3.8 Valves should be drawn to scale with identification mumber from the P&ID marked thereon. Draw valve hand wheels to scale with stem fully extended. If it is lever operated, then the movement of handle position should be marked. 39 3.10 If a valve is chain operated, note the distance of the chain from the operating floor. i 3.11 Show location of each instrument connection with encircled instrument number taken fromP&ID. 3.12 Similar arrangement shall be shown as typical detail or dovered in a separate company standard jas Instrument Hook- up drawings, =| 3.13 Draw plan view of each floor of the plant and these vjews should indicate how the layout will look like between floors as seen fromtop. Piping Drawings 3.14 Each line should be identified by line number and should also show the ! insulation, tracing requirements, etc. 3.15 Lines, if required, shall be broken to show the required details of hidden lines without drawing other views. 3:16 Do not draw details that can be covered by a note. 3.17 Draw plan to a larger scale for any part needing more details and identify itas “Detail ‘A™, etc. 3.18 Draw part isometric sketches or part elevations to clarify complex piping or piping hidden in the plan view. 3.19 Full sections through the plant may be avoided if isometric drawings are drawn for the lines. Part sections where required shall be shown to clear the hidden details in plan. 3.20 Sections in the plan views are identified by numbers say 1-1, 2-2, etc. and details by alphabets, og. Satao PIPING ENGINEERING CELL i I See i MATOHUNE AREA = 1 CeWERAL NOTES REFERENCE ORAMIGS 3 | i aH oon i + sola Teresa [ons Tas 1 Crore aes pew Joss 1 — a ee FIG. 1 : TYPICAL GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF PIPING Piping DrawingsPIPING ENGINEERING CELL EL N1/350 ay 5504300 CON, RE a G EL. 113.650M 3 101.580M F5UCyp) ¢ OS. Pl 2000 EL. 100.448M IA oR2 (typ) 350x200 ECO.RED BOTTOM PUMPS | EL. 103.040M IST, COLUMN. ALL DIMENSIONS IN MM x _ z i z FIG. 2: TYPICAL GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF PIPING Piping DrawingsPIPING ENGINEERING CELL FIG.3: TYPICAL PIPING ISOMETRIC DRAWING Piping DrawingsPIPING ENGINEERING CELL 4.0 ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS OR ISOs | Piping isometries are three dimensional representation or piping on two dimensional of drawing, sheet. An isometric drawing covers a complete line as per the line list connecting one piete of equipment to another. It should show all information necessary for the fabrication and erection. Isos are not drawn to scale but should be proportional for easy —_ understanding. Dimensions are given relative to centretine of Piping. Isometric drawing should also include the following information: 4.1 Plant North - The direction should be so selected as to facilitate easy checking of GA with Iso oie PROPER NORTH ORIENTATION Piping Drawings IMPROPER. NORTH! ORENTATION 4.2 Dimensions and angles. 43° Reference number of P & IDs, GA Drawings, line numbers, direction of flow, insulation and tracing, 44 Equipment location and equipment identification. 45 Give nozzle identification on the connected equipment. 46 Give the details of flange on the equipment if the specification is different from the connecting piping. 47 Size and type of every valve! Direction of operation. 48 Size and number of control valve. 4.9 Location, orientation and number of each equipment, 4.10 Field weld - preferred in all directions to take care of site variations, Can also be covered with a general note. 4.11 Location of high point vents and low point drains. Covered with a standard arrangement note. 4.12 Bill of Material. 4.13 Requirements of stress relieving, seal welding, pickling, coating, etc. 2PIPING ENGINEERING CELL 5.0 SPOOLS When the piping is shop fabricated, the isometric drawings are developed further to cteate spool drawings. A spool is an assembly of fittings, flanges ond pipes that may be prefabricated. It does not include bolts, gaskets, valves or instruments. A spool sheet is an orthographic drawing of a spool drawn either from piping GA or from an iso sheet. Each spool sheet shows only one:type of spool and 5.1 Instructs welder to fabricate the spool 5.2 Lists the cut lengths of pipe, fittings and flanges etc. needed to make the spool 5.3 Gives material of construction and any special treatment of finished piping 5.4 Indicates how many spools of the same type are required Spool numbers are given to make the identification easy. Iso sheets are identified with line number it represents. Both the spool and the spool sheet can be identified by a ‘umber or letter using the iso sheet number as prefix. ‘Straight run pipes over 6 m are usually not included in @ spool, as such lengths may be welded in the system during erection in the field. The size of a spool is limited by the available means of transport. AS a general practice Carbon Steel piping 40NB and below are ‘field fabricated’. All Alloy Steel and Carbon Steel spools 50 NB and above are normally ‘shop fabricated’. Large diameter piping, being more difficult to handle, more economically produced in workshop. Piping Drawings 6.0 6.1 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 DIMENSIONING OF DRAWINGS Sufficient dimedsions to be given for positioning equipment and for erecting piping. Duplicating dirpensions in different views should be avoided, as this may lead to errors if changes are made, Reserve horizontal dimensions for the plan view. If single pipe isto be positioned or a Pipe connected; to nozzle is to be indicated, then show the centre line elevation and mark as €. If several pipes are sharing a common support, show elevation of Bottom of Pipes and mark, as BOP EL. This is more applicable to non-insulated lines. In case of several pipes on a pipe rack, show the “Top of Support” elevation and mark as TOS EL. In case of buried pipelines in trench, show elevation of bottom of pipes. In case of drains and sewers, the Invert Elevation! of the inside of the pipe is marked as IE, Centre lines of the equipment and pipelines shall be located with reference to the building column centre lines or the co-ordinates which ‘can be considered as a reference base. The distance between the lines shall bbe dimensioned centre line to centre line. BPIPING ENGINEERING CELL 6.10 The horizontal noatles on the equipment 6.15 For foundation the Top of Grout shall be located from centre to flange (TOG) elevation is shown. 1S" face in plan. For yertical nozzles show Face of Flange eleyation (FOF). 6.16 Show dimensions outside the drawn view - do not cut pictures, 6.11 For valves, instruments and non - standard equipments, show the 6.17 Draw dimension line unbroken with dimensions from flange face to flange fine line. Write dimension just above face. the horizontal line. For vertical lines ‘write sideways. 700 810 4 1120, 6.12 Flanged valves are located with 6,18 The dimension lines canbe dimension to flange faces. Non-flanged ‘terminated. with arrow heads or valves are dimensioned to their centres oblique dashes. or stems. 7 6.19 If series of dimension is to be shown, 6.13 For flanged joints show a small gap string them together, Show overall between dimension lines to indicate dimension of the string of gasket. Flanged joitlts can also be shown, dimensions. Avoid one of the break- without gasket but dover the same with a up dimensions to omit repetition and general note and inglude gasket thickness error during changes, in the valve or equipment dimensions. 6.14 For Finished Floor (FF) the elevation shall be the high point of the floor, Piping Drawings “4PIPING ENGINEERING CELL 6.20 Do not omit significant dimension other than fitting make up. Lo | ee 6.21 For field run piping, give only those dimensions which are necessary to route piping clear of equipments and other obstructions. Locate only those items which are important to the process. 6.22 Underline out of scale dimensions or mark as NTS. 6.23 Do not terminate dimensions at screwed or welded joints. 7.0 CHECKING OF PIPING DRAWINGS Checking shall be done only on the print or the check plot of the drawings and by coloured pencils/pens, ‘A. Corrected areas and dimensions are marked yellow. -B. Areas and dimensions which are to be deleted are marked green. C. Areas to be cortected/incorporated on the drawing are marked in red. The new print after correction is “back checked" for incorporation. Points to be checked on the piping drawing includes: Piping Drawings 7.1 Title of the drawing. 7.2 Orientation - Nogth arrow against plot plan, 73. Inclusion of graphic scale (if drawings is to be reduced), 7.4 Co-ordinates of equipments against equipment layout. 7.5 Equipment nymbers and their appearance on the piping drawing. 7.6 Comect identifigation on all lines in all views, 7.7. Line specification changes. 78 _ Reference drawing numbers and files. 7.9 Correctness of all dimensions. 7.10 Whether representation is correctly made in line with the standard symbols or not. 7.11 Location and identification of all instruments. Requirements of upstream / downstream — straight Tengths. HOOKUP DEANIOY. 7.12 Insulation requirements as per P&IDs. 7.13 Piping: arrangement against. P&ID requirements such as gravity flow, seals, etc. : 7.14 Possible interference. 715 Correctness of scale in case of General Arrang¢ment Drawings. 7.16 Whether all stress requirements are met or not. analysis 1sPIPING ENGINEERING CELL 7.17 Adequacy of clearance from - civil structures, electrical apparatus and instrument consoled. 7.18 Floor and wall openings. 6 719 Accessibility of operation and maintenance space and provision of drop ‘out and handling areas. i 7.20 Foundation drawings and vendor ‘equipment requirenients. 7.21 Details and section identification mateh, 7.22 “Matchline” provision and accuracy. 7.23 Presence of signatures and dates, 7.24 Accuracy of BOM in Isometrcs. 7.25. Number of issues and revision, Piping Drawings 16