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INDEX
1. Introduction ……………………………………..………... 3
2. Responsibilities ……………………………………………. 4
2.1 Initiator of access requirement .……………...……..4
2.2 Scaffolding Foreman ……………………….……….. 4
2.3 Scaffold / Access platform user …………….……….5
2.4 Project Support (onshore & offshore) …..…………..5
Scope
This guidance is intended for the users and providers of temporary access
Keith McMillan systems on oil and gas installations operating on the United Kingdom
Cape Industrial Services Ltd Continental Shelf. Additional risk assessment may be required for floating
installations.
Objectives
Robin McKenzie
The Rigblast Group Ltd
Doug Sheal
Salamis (Marine & Industrial) Ltd
Gail Amey
Offshore Contractors Association
For every scaffold / access platform erected there will be an initiator, who
will request the scaffold in order to complete a scope of work or service. The 10. Other Applicable Regulations include:
initiator therefore has a number of responsibilities to fulfil to assist in the safe
and efficient erection of any access structure: ⇒ Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations
1994 (COSHH). These require employers to protect
• Formally notify the Scaffolding Foreman of access requirement.
workers’ hearing form exposure to noise at work.
• Accurately define the scope of the access requirements, to assist the
scaffolding contractor in ensuring that the structure is ‘fit for ⇒ Noise at Work Regulations 1989 (NAWR). These require
purpose’ on erection. employers to protect workers’ hearing from exposure to
• Ensure that reasonable timescales are provided to allow sufficient pre noise at work.
task planning and risk assessment to be carried out by the Scaffolding
Foreman. ⇒ Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 (EAWR). These
require employers, employees and self-employed workers to
2.2 Scaffolding Foreman prevent risks of injury from electrical equipment and
systems.
The Scaffolding Foreman / Chargehand will be the central focus for all
access activities. This ensures that one central point is utilised to co-ordinate
all aspects of access management, reducing risk and increasing efficiency. 11. Step Change in Safety Task Risk Assessment Guide.
The following responsibilities ensue:
This document gives comprehensive guidelines of the completion of
⇒ Arrange appropriate Permit to Work compliance at all times. task risk assessment.
⇒ Co-ordinate the completion of task risk assessments and toolbox 12. CONTRIBUTORS
talks to relay information and instructions to the working party.
⇒ Ensure that any potential conflicts of activities are addressed during
the pre job planning.
⇒ Request Design Engineer assistance if access requirements are not
within the parameters of BS5973 or the company’s Technical
Manual.
⇒ Ensure that sufficient materials are readily available to complete
workscopes.
⇒ Allocate personnel to the task ensuring competencies and numbers
are sufficient to complete tasks safely.
⇒ Handover completed scaffold structure to initiator / end user.
⇒ Ensure that a competent person is available to conduct statutory 7-
day inspections and to maintain the inspection tags and scaffold
SCAFFOLDING 4 COPYRIGHT © 2002 OCA SCAFFOLDING 53 COPYRIGHT © 2002 OCA
⇒ Make adequate provisions available (labour) for the safe dismantle of
5. The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous access structures.
Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR) ⇒ Follow local rules relating to ‘adverse weather’ policy.
A competency process ensures that: A scaffolding activity risk assessment together with a task based risk
assessment must be carried out prior to the erection or dismantling of a
scaffold and must involve the persons carrying out the task. (See Risk
♦ Competent persons are employed
Assessment Flow Chart).
♦ Evidence of competency can be provided to the client
♦ Evidence of competency can be provided to the regulatory The control room via the permit to work system must ensure that all hazards
authorities in the area of the task location are clearly identified and communicated to
♦ Training needs are identified and appropriate training programmes the persons carrying out the task.
implemented
The success of a Task Risk Assessment will depend on the method of
It is acknowledged that, whilst training imparts knowledge, the employee communication to the workforce. Those carrying out the task must be fully
must be given the opportunity to put this knowledge into practice, in order aware and thoroughly understand, the hazards and the precautions put in
to develop the requisite skills and achieve the standard required in the work place. Open two-way dialogue should take place at a meeting prior to
place. starting the task, these meetings are referred to as toolbox talks.
Failure by management to provide a safe system of work, and failure by The toolbox talk should fulfil four functions:
employees to adhere to procedure, may result in serious injury.
1. Give everyone involved in the task a thorough understanding of the
It is recommended that employers have in place procedures for the erection activity details involved in the task, both their own and that of
and dismantling of scaffold structures. Section 11 of this guidance contains others. The potential hazards should be identified for each stage of
further references to legislation, standards and codes of practice relating to the task.
access.
The control measures to be put in place to mitigate the hazards and
It is recommended that scaffolders hold a recognised qualification, which the individual actions and responsibilities at various stages of the
demonstrates the level of skills and competence attained, through training task should be established for each specific project.
and examination. The Construction Industry Training Board, CITB, is the
lead body in the provision of scaffold training. The Engineering 2. Provide the opportunity for those involved in the task to identify
Construction Industry Training Board (ECITB) is also a recognised body, any further hazards and control measures which may have been
which provide scaffolding qualifications based on continuous assessment and overlooked in the initial assessment.
competency. It is further recommended that employers have in place a
programme of continuous assessment, in order to demonstrate that skills are 3. Reach agreement of the whole work team on whether or not to
maintained and training needs identified. proceed with the task. If agreement cannot be reached, THE JOB
SHOULD NOT BE STARTED.
Recommended Training
4. Make clear to all involved that should conditions or personnel
11. LEGISLATION & REFERENCES change or assumptions made when planning the job prove false,
they should re-assess the situation and, if in any doubt, THE JOB
Scaffolder (CITB) Basic & Advanced SHOULD BE STOPPED.
Inspector (CITB) Advance or Inspectors
For these reasons a toolbox talk should be held at or near the worksite, and
Scaffolder (In-house) Scaffold Awareness, Component Identification should include all people involved in the work and those who may be
Helper Manual Handling, Material Quality, etc. affected by it.
yes no
Is
Is risk
risk now
now acceptable?
acceptable? A competency and training process ensures that employees have the
Implement controls
Risk assessment shall identify whether mechanical handling aids (e.g. crane)
can be used. Where mechanical handling aids cannot be used, the employer
shall:
Good practice requires that any lifting equipment shall have an adequate
factor of safety incorporated into its design. Where appropriate in each of
the separate equipment types, a minimum factor of safety for the specific
item is recommended and this should not be reduced.
The methods used to raise and lower scaffolding materials will be determined
by the extent and type of scaffolding being built and the equipment available.
When hand balling (lifting or lowering from hand to hand) materials up and
down the scaffolding structure the scaffolder must either:
Upon completion of the scaffold structure, the inspector ( competent ⇒ Hand balling
person ) shall satisfy himself that the construction conforms to the initial ⇒ Light line/hand line
request information. The scaffold will be unsatisfactory and require ⇒ Gin wheel and rope
amendments if any of the following faults are found :-
Footing :- Soft & uneven, No base plates, No sole boards, Undermined Prior to raising and lowering scaffolding materials , a risk assessment must
Standards :- Not plumb, Joined at same height, Wrong spacing, Damaged be performed to identify hazards, which pose a risk to personnel, to the
Ledgers :- Not level, Jointed in the same bays, Loose, Damaged environment or to equipment. The information gathered, along with the
Transoms :- Wrongly spaced, Loose, Wrongly supported risks identified may be the basis for generating a safe and efficient lifting
Coupling :- Wrong fitted, loose, Damaged, No check couplers operations plan.
Ties :- Missing, Loose, Wrong coupler being used
Boarding :- Incomplete, Insufficient supports, Insecurely fastened, Damaged The extent of the risk assessment and the approach taken must be consistent
boards with the type of lift that is being performed.
Guard Rails / Toe Boards :- Wrong height, Loose, Missing,
Ladders :- Damaged, Insufficient length, Insufficient tying The suitability of rope equipment should be established for specific tasks.
Under the legislation on PPE, product information must be supplied by the 8 23.5 95 10.7 93 9 36.3 61 16.5 60 12 64.5 34 29.3 34
9 26.4 84 12.0 83 10 40.3 55 18.3 54 13 69.9 32 31.7 31
manufacturer. This information should be read and understood by the user 10 29.4 76 13.3 75 11 44.4 50 20.1 49 14 75.3 29 34.1 29
before using the equipment. 11 32.3 69 14.7 68 12 48.4 46 21.9 45 15 80.6 27 36.6 27
12 35.2 63 16.0 62 13 52.4 42 23.8 42 16 86.0 26 39.0 25
Fall arrest equipment should be thoroughly examined by a competent person 13 38.2 58 17.3 57 TOTAL FOOTAGE PER METRIC TONNE 17 91.4 24 41.5 24
= 546 Ft 9 Inches
at intervals determined by the manufacturers recommendations, but at least 14 41.1 54 18.6 53 TOTAL FOOTAGE PER IMP. TON = 555 Ft 18 96.8 23 43.9 22
6 Inches
every six months. Also all fall arrest equipment must be given a visual and 15 44.0 50 20.0 50 19 102.1 21 46.3 21
physical inspection before each use to ensure that it is in a safe condition and 16 47.0 47 21.3 46 LADDER BEAMS 20 107.5 20 48.8 20
operates correctly. Employers should ensure that information and training is 17 49.9 44 22.6 44 Self Wt. 11.90Kg/M As Manufacturers 21 112.9 19 51.2 19
Spec.
provided on how to complete these inspections and on how to put on the 18 52.9 42 24.0 41 8.00lbs/ft 22 118.3 18 53.6 18
harness. Items showing defects should be withdrawn from service 19 55.8 40 25.3 39 Length Self Qty/ Self Wt. Qty/ 23 123.6 18 56.1 17
Ft Wt.Lb Ton Kg Tonne
immediately. Employers should record details of thorough examinations and 20 58.7 38 26.6 37 6 48 46 21.8 45 24 129.0 17 58.5 17
any maintenance carried out. 21 61.7 36 28.0 35 7 56 40 25.4 39 25 134.4 16 61.0 16
TOTAL FOOTAGE PER METRIC TONNE 8 64 35 29.0 34 26 139.8 16 63.4 15
= 750 Ft 9 Inches
Information on use, care and maintenance should be provided by the TOTAL FOOTAGE PER IMP. TON = 762 Ft 9 72 31 32.7 30 27 145.2 15 65.8 15
6 Inches
manufacturer and should be strictly complied with. In particular:: 10 80 28 36.3 27 28 150.5 14 68.3 14
11 88 25 39.9 25 29 155.9 14 70.7 14
• Webbing should be carefully checked before being stored and before 12 96 23 43.5 22 30 161.3 13 73.2 13
13 104 21 47.2 21 TOTAL FOOTAGE PER METRIC
being used, by being run through the hands to combine a visual and TONNE = 410 Ft 0 Inches
TOTAL FOOTAGE PER IMP. TON =
physical examination. FITTINGS As Manufacturers Spec. 14 112 20 50.8 19
416 Ft 6 Inches
• Harnesses and webbing should be checked for cuts, abrasions, Type Self Wt.
Lb
Qty/
Ton
Self Wt. Qty/
Kg Tonne
15 120 18 54.4 18
broken stitches and undue stretching. Double 2.01 1116 0.91 1098 16 128 17 58.1 17
• Items showing defects should be taken out of service. Swivel 2.25 996 1.02 980 17 136 16 61.7 16 NOTE : IT HAS TO BE
ACKNOWLEDGED THAT THE
Sleeve 2.49 899 1.13 884 18 144 15 65.3 15
TIMBER SCAFFOLD BOARDS
Single 1.70 1319 0.77 1298 19 152 14 68.9 14 INCLUDE A MOISTURE CONTENT
Metal items such as rings, buckles on harnesses, Karibiners and connectors Joint 1.87 1195 0.85 1176 20 160 14 72.6 13 OF 27.0% (B.S. 2482), THEREFORE
THE ABOVE SELF WEIGHT OF A
etc., must be inspected to ensure that they work smoothly, that bolts and Pin
BOARD COULD BE LESS THAN
Band & 4.41 508 2.00 500 21 168 13 76.2 13
rivets are tight and that there are no signs of wear, cracks, deformation or Pt SHOWN, DUE TO EXPOSED
WEATHERING. THE SAME WOULD
Gravloc 3.24 691 1.47 680 TOTAL FOOTAGE PER METRIC TONNE
other damage. Any items showing defects should be taken out of service. k = 275 Ft 9 Inches
APPLY, TO A LESSER EXTENT,
Basepla 2.45 915 1.11 900 TOTAL FOOTAGE PER IMP. TON = 280 Ft REGARDING THE TIMBER
te 0 Inches LADDERS.
Equipment should be stored unpacked in a cool, dry, dark place in a
chemically neutral environment away from excessive heat or heat sources,
high humidity, sharp edges, corrosive or other possible causes of damage.
A. Max. bay between standards, at front storage entrance @ 1.0M. On no account should harnesses or lanyards be altered or adapted in any
B. Max. bay between standards, along length of rack @ 1.0M way, as this may adversely affect their operation and render them unsafe.
C. Max. "lift" height @ 1.0M Any repair to a harness, lanyard or inertial reel should be carried out by the
D. Check fitting under all transom/standard positions manufacturer or an approved service agent.
E. Max. number of lifts :- 2 Off ( As these illustrated details )
F. Fully braced throughout It is a requirement, when using an inertia reel, that it is not used in
conjunction with a lanyard which incorporates a shock absorbing system.
Note :- The foundation steelwork/deck must be suitable to support the rack The inertia reel should be connected to the harness ‘D’ ring or a 400mm
and stored material. webbing strop.
7.7 Tube & Fittings Self Weights
8. INSPECTION & TAGGING
4.2 Working at Height
Work at height may expose workers to severe risks to their health and safety,
notably to the risk of falls from a height and other serious occupational
Check Fitting Req'd Under All
accidents, which account for a large proportion of all accidents.
Transom: Standard Positions
Any employer who intends to have scaffolding work carried out at height
Max.
must use working methods and equipment, which afford adequate
Lift Ht protection against the risks of falls from height.
1.0 M
Max. No.Lifts
2 Scaffolding, ladders and ropes are the equipment most commonly used in
performing temporary work at height and the safety and health of workers
engaged in this type of work therefore depend to a significant extent on their
correct use; the manner in which such equipment can most safely be used by
workers must therefore be specified; adequate specific training of workers is
required.
The Health and Safety at Work Act requires employers to ensure that all
Max. Std Centres employees enjoy a safe place of work and that there is a safe means of access
1.0 M and egress from that place of work. It also requires that other persons are
Max. Std Centres
1.0 M not put at risk by any work activity. These general provisions apply to all
work situations, including those where people are required to work at height.
Capacity Per "Pigeon Hole"
a) 116 off Scaffold Tubes OR
b) 68 off Scaffold Boards OR Other duties under the Management of Health and Safety at Work
c) 22 off Scaffold Ladders
Regulations, which have particular relevance when work is to be undertaken
ALL RACKS TO BE DESIGNED : SEE PREVIOUS SECTION at height include:
Regulations require suitable and effective safeguards to be provided, so far as Tube ends cut
cleanly & square
is reasonably practicable, to protect persons from falling a distance or being
with axis of tube
struck by a falling object, which in either case is likely to cause personal
injury. Areas where these hazards may occur must be clearly indicated.
Suitable work equipment may include the use of lifting equipment as well as
Free from excessive corrosion, distortion & paint (except for identification purposes)
the provision of suitable plant, tools and equipment to enable the work to be
completed and materials to be safely lifted. This may involve additional
considerations in relation to any further hazards posed by the use of the
Slot jaws allow equipment.
bolt access
Other aspects to consider when working at height include:
Nuts should
turn without
undue force
⇒ Environmental hazards, for example, work over water, working in
an open environment, the effects of adverse weather conditions,
work at dusk, night or dawn, or work adjacent to ventilation outlets
Free from worn posing a risk of exposure to hazardous substances.
threads, damaged Free movement
bolts & nuts at joint position
⇒ The protection of others not involved in the work, for example, the
control of access to the work areas; the provision of barriers and
warning signs at ground level: the posting of banks-man etc.
7.4 Inspection Details : Scaffold Tube 4.3 NASC Guidance Note SG4:00
7.6 Illustration of Rack Capacity
SG4 guidance note applies to the erection, alteration and dismantling of
basic independent and tower type tube and fitting scaffolds only. It provides
Boards to be unpainted, practical advice on the duties placed on employers and employees on how to
(Except for identification purposes) carry out this work using fall arrest equipment.
showing no signs of rot or insect No board to show signs of
attacks excessive splits, cracks, Where system scaffolds or alternative materials are used, the user must
distortion, knots & pressure contact the supplier to ensure anchoring to the scaffold structure is
appropriate.
Board to be free from oil, grease
solvents & notches All those involved in scaffolding operations must wear and use fall arrest
equipment, and must have received appropriate training in the use,
inspection and maintenance of such equipment.
All ends to be All erection works should follow the working method as described below.
square & fitted with Scaffolding should be completed progressively with scaffolders installing the
end bands minimum of a single guardrail on all lifts to provide protection whilst
No nails within traversing and at work. Scaffolders must be clipped on at all times when
board, except for end installing components outside of the single guardrail.
bands
To suit offshore operations, all boards to be fire retardant It is recommended that a single guardrail remains to ensure that scaffolders
are protected when carrying out alteration work. Scaffolders should be
working off a minimum of 3 boards when carrying out these operations. All
dismantling activities should be carried out progressively, reversing the
SCAFFOLDING 42 COPYRIGHT © 2002 OCA SCAFFOLDING 15 COPYRIGHT © 2002 OCA
removing the single guardrail and then lowering the boards from that section
7.1 Inspection & Storage of Scaffold Material
of guardrail to the lift below. The single guardrail must not be removed from
the whole elevation before lowering the boards.
Once the scaffold is dismantled, all scaffold equipment should be inspected
in strict accordance with the following requirements :-
The SG4 guidelines apply to independent and tower scaffolds only. For all
other scaffolds structures refer to existing platform procedures.
Boards shall :-
Note: Contractors procedures may exceed the requirements of SG4.
1. have square or chamfered corners
2. be free from oil, grease, paint (Only acceptable for identification
purpose) and solvents etc.
4.4 Rescue Plan
3. be free from signs of excessive pressure
4. be fitted with galvanised end bands
It is advisable that, due to the health hazards associated with being
5. be free from notches
suspended in a harness, a suitable emergency procedure be in place to ensure
6. be free from splits
that scaffolders are aware of who to contact and what rescue procedures to
7. be fire retardant, to suit offshore operations
follow.
Tubes shall :-
Emergency procedures should consider:
1. be free from excessive corrosion
a. the location of the work
2. be free from excessive bends
b. access to emergency services
3. be free from thin, rough or split ends
c. provision of communication equipment
4. uniform and not ovalled
d. number and experience of scaffold teams
e. the nature of the site
Fittings shall :-
f. the type of scaffolding structure
g. any surrounding hazards, e.g. working in proximity to hot pipes,
1. be free from excessive corrosion
electricity cables or other construction activities.
2. be free from distortion
h. first aid provision
3. have all T bolts present
4. have nuts which are not seized
Rescue plans should be based on the risks that potentially impact the
scaffolding operation. These plans should be documented, accessible, clearly
Ladders shall :-
communicated and align to the clients emergency response management
system.
1. be free from oil, grease, paint and solvents etc.
2. be free from distortion
Equipment, facilities and personnel needed for emergency response should
3. be free from cracks or splits
be identified, tested and available.
All equipment which conforms to the above shall be placed in the relevant
Personnel should be trained and understand rescue plans, their roles and
racks.
responsibilities.
Any equipment which does not conform to these requirements, and can be
Rescue Plans at associated training should be periodically reviewed to
repaired, shall be serviced. Equipment which is beyond repair or defective
incorporate lessens learned from incidents and exercises.
for any reason will be quarantined for disposal.
7.2 Inspection Details : Scaffold Fitting
Uses · Tubes
Mechanical mobile plant allows rapid access to work areas. · Boards
· Fittings
Restrictions
These are supplemented by the following components, dependent on the
• Self weight of unit type and design of the scaffold structure:
• Restricted work area
· Ladder Beams
• Lack of flexibility in tight locations · Unit Beams
· Lightweight Platform Staging
Recommendations · Pole Ladders
All Operatives must have training and competency in the use of this type of
Examples of these various components are illustrated in this section.
machine.
Restrictions
• Are limited to the individual Operative who had access to the work
area.
• The weather is another limiting factor
NB. Rope access is limited to trained and managed Personnel only in strict
accordance to recognised codes of practice.
7. MATERIAL STORAGE
6.2 Aluminium/GRP Tower Systems Purpose : For connecting transom tubes to ledger
tubes.
Description
The tower systems can be manufactured from aluminium or glass reinforced
plastic (GRP). The main structure comprises frames, diagonals and
horizontal braces; adjustable legs with base plates or castor wheels. Above a
certain height stabilisers or outriggers will be required. Working areas at the
top and intermediate level are required by platform units, around which will
be guardrails and toe-boards for safety. (Conforms with BS1139 Part 3 1994
(HD1004).
Uses
Tower structures are primarily used for short duration work and are
especially valuable in a quick response situation.
Restrictions
⇒ Tower systems are typically restricted to maximum safe working 5.5 Fitting : Swivel Coupler
limits.
• Aluminium 950kgs
Purpose : For connecting two scaffold tubes at any angle other
• GRP 720kgs
than a right angle.
⇒ Aluminium and GRP towers are more susceptible to mechanical
damage.
⇒ Aluminium towers should not be used in areas where exothermic
reactions may occur (incendive sparking) such as zone 1 hazardous
areas.
⇒ GRP Towers are Zone 1 approved.
Recommendations
♦ Adjustable base
♦ Standards
♦ Ledgers/Transoms
♦ Braces
♦ Decking
Uses
The uses of system scaffold are wide and varied, the main benefits being:
5.7 Fitting : Base Plate ♦ Lighter weight reducing manual handling and lifting by crane
♦ Speed of erection, with no loose fittings (dropped objects)
Purpose : For providing a flat bearing surface for distributing ♦ Low maintenance (servicing & costs)
the load from a standard to a foundation or
supporting structure. Restrictions
System scaffold does not accommodate confined areas with limitations
especially when used in overboard situations.
Recommendations
The Operative erecting the system scaffold shall strictly adhere to the
manufacturers guidelines and code of practice.
On this basis, after a scaffold has been erected for 12 months, a Risk
Assessment, should be conducted, by a competent person, in order to
identify the condition of the materials. On these findings a decision should
be made on the appropriate action to be taken.
Pole ladder, with varnished stiles, fitted with a mild steel tie rod
under every stile. Rungs spaced at 250 mm (10”) centres.
Are there substances in the local environment that could
contaminate the rungs of the ladder (i.e. oil, drilling mud, No
water etc)?
Yes
Hazard Prevention
Can the hazard be avoided through changing the access
point to the scaffold? Yes
No
No
5.11 Lightweight Platform Stagings
Designed to provide a safe, strong, uninterrupted working platform Carry out risk assessment and consider implementing the
following control measures:-
Hazard Control
0.6M wide that will span up to 7.2M without intermediate support.
1. Introducing suitable fall arrest equipment.
2. Introducing additional housekeeping measures at
This staging is reinforced with steel cable on the bottomed edge of
the base of the ladder (i.e. absorption pads,
stiles and screwed and nutted tie-rods under each cross bar. brushes, etc).
Could you fall beyond the base of the ladder to another Ladder Beam
level below or overboard when ascending or descending the No
ladder? All members are conventional scaffold tubing, ( top/bottom chords and
‘rungs’ ) forming a ladder type welded construction. The chords and ‘rungs’
No are spaced at approx. 0.3M centre. Standard maximum length 6.4M, 21 Ft.
Hazard Prevention
350 mm
No
Overall
Can the hazard be avoided through extending the size of Yes
the scaffold structure? Max Length 21 ft ( 6.4M )
No
Carry out risk assessment and consider implementing the Unit Beam ( Lattice )
Hazard Control
650 mm
Overall
1. Independent
2. Birdcage
3. Tower
4. Cantilever Are there any hazards in vicinity of the access point that
5. Hanger or Slung version of 1-4 would increase the severity of injury if a person fell from No
the ladder?
This section contains illustrations of these scaffold structures, describing
Yes
terminology and maximum dimensions.
Hazard Prevention
the material in position) No
WORKING PLATFORM
INDEPENDENT SCAFFOLD Can the hazards be avoided through changing the access
point to the scaffold? Yes
RAILS
MAX. HT. LIFT
OVERALL No
1.0 M HEIGHT
No
BRACER
STANDARD
Carry out risk assessment and consider implementing the
Hazard Control
BOARDED
TRANSOMS BASE PLATE
following control measures:-
No M A X
B A Y L E N G T H
WIDTH
OVERALL
HEIGHT
MAX. 20.0 M
TIED
LIFT HEIGHT
MAX 2.5 M
OVERALL
LENGTH
MAX.
MAX. BAY WIDTH
OVERALL
BAY WIDTH
WIDTH
BIRDCAGE, HANGER
0.75 1.85 1.85 (The above diagram illustrates a ladder and top rail access the actual
configuration is dependable on scaffold location and area conditions)
NOTE: All other scaffolds outwith the
above are subject to design & calculations
OVERALL
DROP
MAX.
LIFT HEIGHT
MAX.
BAY LENGTH
MAX.
OVERALL OVERALL
BAY WIDTH
LENGTH
WIDTH
horizontal, i.e. 75° angle (See Flowchart No.1). 0.75 1.85 1.85 1 1
• The stiles should be securely fixed to the scaffold at both the top
NOTE: All other scaffolds outwith the
and bottom of the ladder and where appropriate at a central above are subject to design & calculations
position. OVERALL
• The ladder should project a minimum of 1.05m above the top HEIGHT
MAX. 20.0 M
landing with the landing rung level or slightly above the level of the TIED
landing platform angle (See Flowchart No.1).
• There should be clear unobstructed access with no potential hazards MAX.
in the area that would increase the risk of injury if a person fell from LIFT HEIGHT
MAX 2.5M
the ladder (See Flowchart No.2).
• Personnel should not be able to fall beyond the base level of the
ladder to another level or over-board from the platform (See
Flowchart No.3). OVERALL
WIDTH LENGTH
• There should be no substances in the local environment that could
potentially contaminate the rungs of the ladder, i.e. oil, drilling mud,
water, etc (See Flowchart No.4). TOWER, HANGER
• Ladders should be tied just below the rung level to prevent any Kn/M2 WIDTH M LENGTH M
obstruction to the foot and handholds of the users. MAX LIVE-LOAD MAX MAX BAY
Kn/M2 WIDTH M LENGTH M
It is recognised that the temporary nature of scaffold access will make it 0.75 1.85 1.85
impossible to achieve these goals for every scaffold. The flowcharts on the 4) Cantilever
following pages therefore provide guidance on what is deemed ‘best practice’
NOTE: All other scaffolds outwith the
if these goals cannot be achieved and are based on removing or controlling above are subject to design & calculations
the resultant hazards.
OVERALL
Maximum Ladder Height HEIGHT
BS 5973 stipulates that the “vertical distance between two successive landing places
should not exceed 9.0m”. It should be noted, however, that scaffold ladders
greater than 3m in height pose a significant risk to the user because there is
MAX.
no fall protection (e.g. back scratchers) that would normally be found on a LIFT HEIGHT
fixed vertical ladder. The Scaffold Contractor should therefore discuss with
the Installation Operator reducing this potential risk through constructing
intermediate access lifts for ladders internal to the structure where
practicable. These discussions may result in the introduction of ‘local rules’
that limit the maximum vertical height of a ladder to 3m (i.e. 1 working lift).
Irrespective of this, a firm grip of the ladder should always be maintained OVERALL
OVERALL
when ascending or descending ladder, which should be done in a controlled WIDTH LENGTH
NOTE: All other scaffolds outwith the Typical examples of scaffolds that require design input are listed below :-
above are subject to design & calculations
2.5 M 1. Independent tied, birdcage, tower & cantilevered scaffolds other
MAX VERT
BRACING HT than those covered by BS 5973:1993 ( European Standard EN
12811, Parts 1, 2 & 3 )
2. Load bearing/support scaffolds
3. Exposed sheeted scaffolds ( encapsulated ) other than those covered
by BS 5973:1993
WIDTH 4. Scaffold utilised for lifting/rigging purposes
5. Suspended cradle other than those covered by BS 5974:1993
OVERALL
6. Slung scaffolds other than those covered by BS 5973:1993
MAX
LENGTH 7. Truss-out scaffolds
BAY LENGTH 8. Bridging within access scaffolds
9. Scaffolds utilising ladder/unit beams
CANTILEVER HANGER
10. Storage racking
11. Uniformly distributed loads greater than 3.0 kN/M2
LIVE-LOAD MAX MAX BAY
Km/M2 WIDTH M LENGTH M 12. Temporary buildings & roofs
13. Temporary ramps
0.75 1.00 2.7
14. Pedestrian bridges & walkways
2 1.25 2.1 5.14 Designed Scaffold Structures 15. Scaffold subjected to extreme wind forces
3 1.5 1.8
Scaffold structures outside the parameters of (The above list is for guidance only; refer to scaffolding contractors
NOTE: All other scaffolds outwith the
above are subject to design & calculations management systems for any additional requirements and appropriate design
requisition procedures etc.)
MAX BAY
WIDTH LENGTH
OVERALL LENGTH