Basic Concepts of Information

System
 System
• A system is a group of interrelated
components working together toward a
common goal by accepting inputs and
producing outputs in an organized
transformation process.
• For example the biological system of a
human body, the technological system of
an oil refinery.
 Components of System

• Input
• Process
• Output
• Feedback
• Control
After including last two concepts a system
becomes cybernetic system, that is self-
monitoring, self regulating system. For example
thermostat system and human body.
 Data and Information
• Data are the raw facts and figures, which
doesn’t have any meaning.
• Information is an processed data, which
have some meaning.
Organization Structure

Main focus is on long term strategic decision

Top Level

Involved with tactical decision that have

a medium range impact on the
Middle Level organization

Concerned with the day to day

Operational Level
operation
 Business process
• A business process is the action taken to
respond to particular events, convert inputs into
outputs, and produce particular results. Business
processes are what the enterprise must do to
conduct its business successfully.

• A business process or business method

collection of related, structured activities or tasks
that produce a specific service or product
 What is an Information System
• An Information system can be any
organized combination of people,
hardware, software, communications
networks, and data resources that collects,
transforms, and disseminates information
in an organization.
 Components of IS
• People ( End User and IS specialist)
• Hardware ( Machines and Media)
• Software ( programs and Procedure)
• Networks ( Communication media and
network support)
• Data (Data and Knowledge Base)
 IS Resources
• People Resources
• Hardware Resources
• Software Resources
• Data Resources
• Network Resources
• Information Products
 IS Activities
• Input of data Resources
• Processing of Data into Information
• Output of Information products
• Storage of data Resources
• Control of system performance
 Points to Revise
• System
• Components of system
• Data and Information
• Organization Structure
• Business process
• Introduction to Information System and its
resources and activities